EP2597412B1 - Échangeur thermique à plaques de type bloc doté de propriétés antisalissures - Google Patents

Échangeur thermique à plaques de type bloc doté de propriétés antisalissures Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2597412B1
EP2597412B1 EP11190887.7A EP11190887A EP2597412B1 EP 2597412 B1 EP2597412 B1 EP 2597412B1 EP 11190887 A EP11190887 A EP 11190887A EP 2597412 B1 EP2597412 B1 EP 2597412B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat transfer
plates
heat exchanger
coating
plate
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EP11190887.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2597412A1 (fr
Inventor
Mats Nilsson
Jonas Anehamre
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Alfa Laval Corporate AB
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Alfa Laval Corporate AB
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Priority to EP11190887.7A priority Critical patent/EP2597412B1/fr
Application filed by Alfa Laval Corporate AB filed Critical Alfa Laval Corporate AB
Priority to DK11190887.7T priority patent/DK2597412T3/da
Priority to PCT/EP2012/072722 priority patent/WO2013079332A1/fr
Priority to US14/357,114 priority patent/US20140311718A1/en
Priority to JP2014542778A priority patent/JP2014533820A/ja
Priority to RU2014126368/06A priority patent/RU2568716C1/ru
Priority to CN201280058235.5A priority patent/CN103958998B/zh
Publication of EP2597412A1 publication Critical patent/EP2597412A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2597412B1 publication Critical patent/EP2597412B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a block-type plate heat exchanger that comprises a top head, a bottom head and four side panels that are bolted together with a set of corner girders to form a sealed enclosure. A stack of heat transfer plates is arranged in the sealed enclosure. Such a plate heat exchanger is disclosed in EP 165 179 .
  • the block-type plate heat exchanger of the invention has properties that reduce fouling and facilitate cleaning the heat exchanger.
  • plate heat exchangers Today several different types of plate heat exchangers exist and are employed in various applications depending on their type.
  • One certain type of plate heat exchanger is assembled by bolting a top head, a bottom head and four side panels to a set of corner girders to form a box-like enclosure around a stack of heat transfer plates.
  • This certain type of plate heat exchanger is referred to as a block-type heat exchanger.
  • One example of a commercially available block-type heat exchanger is the heat exchanger offered by Alfa Laval AB under the product name Compabloc.
  • Other block-type plate heat exchangers are disclosed in patent document EP639258 .
  • the block-type heat exchanger comprises a top head, a bottom head and four side panels that are bolted together with a set of corner girders to form a sealed enclosure, and a stack of heat transfer plates that is arranged in the sealed enclosure.
  • the stack of heat transfer plates comprises pairs of heat transfer plates that are stacked such that a flow path for a first fluid is formed between the stacked pairs of heat transfer plates, wherein a pair of the stacked pairs of heat transfer plates comprises a first heat transfer plate and a second heat transfer plate that are joined such that a flow path for a second fluid is formed between the first and second heat transfer plates.
  • each of the first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate comprises a coating that i) has a layer thickness of 1-30 ⁇ m, ii) is prepared by sol-gel processing, iii) comprises silicon oxide (SiOx) having an atomic ratio of O/Si > 1, and iv) comprises ⁇ 5 or ⁇ 10 atomic percent carbon (C).
  • the block-type plate heat exchanger is advantageous in that fouling of the heat transfer plates is significantly reduced. As a consequence no or less cleaning is required. This reduces use of strong detergents and/or potentially abrasive, mechanical cleaning as well as reduces an operational downtime of the plate heat exchanger.
  • the coating is, comparison with prior art coatings, quite wear resistant and has a relatively resistance against formation of cracks in the coating which otherwise might from due to torque and tension forces that act on the heat transfer plates.
  • each side or each both sides of the respective heat transfer plate may comprise the coating.
  • the plate heat exchanger may have predetermined measurements for a number of the components it comprises.
  • the first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate may have a thickness of 0,6-1,4 mm or 0,8-1,2 mm.
  • Each of the first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate may have a heat transfer area of 0,05-0,30 m 2 or 0,6-1,8 m 2 .
  • Any of the top head and the bottom head may have a thickness of 45-145 mm or 190-250 mm.
  • Each of the four side panels may have a thickness of 35-85 mm or 65-175 mm.
  • Each of the corner girders may comprise a cross-sectional side that measures 35-85 mm or 110-190 mm.
  • the sealed enclosure may have a volume of 0,02-0,40 m 3 or 0,7-5,0 m 3 .
  • each of these measurements provide a structure of the heat exchanger that is particularly suitable for the coating.
  • the underlying reasons for this is that the measurements provide a structure for the heat transfer plates that prevents extensive flexing of the heat transfer plates when the heat exchanger is operated. This is of great advantage since the coating then remains on the plates for a long period of time (flexing cause the coating to fall off or wear out faster).
  • the coating together with one or more of the predetermined measurements provide a block-type heat exchanger that has been optimized in respect of resisting fouling for a longer period of time.
  • the layer thickness of the coating may be 1.5-25 ⁇ m, or 2-20 ⁇ m, or 2-15 ⁇ m, or 2-10 ⁇ m, or 3-10 ⁇ m.
  • the coating may have a content of carbon of 20-60 atomic% or 30-40 atomic%.
  • the heat exchanger may comprise a gasket that is at least partially coated with the coating.
  • the first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate may be made of stainless steel.
  • a plate heat exchanger 2 of a block-type is shown.
  • the plate heat exchanger 2 comprises a top head 15, a bottom head 16 and four side panels 11, 12, 13, 14 that are bolted together with a set of (typically four) corner girders 21-24 for assembling the plate heat exchanger 2.
  • the plate heat exchanger 2 When assembled, the plate heat exchanger 2 has a box-like or block-like shape and an enclosure is formed by the top head 15, the bottom head 16 and the side panels 11-14.
  • a stack of heat transfer plates 30 is arranged within the enclosure and comprises, as will be described in further detail, a number of pairs of heat transfer plates.
  • the stack of heat transfer plates 30 also has a box-like or block-like shape, which shape corresponds to the shape of the enclosure formed by the heads 15, 16 and the side panels 11-14.
  • the stack of heat transfer plates 30 has at its corners four linings 31-34 that are arranged to face the corner girders 21-24.
  • the assembly of the plate heat exchanger 2 is typically performed by using conventional methods and bolts (not shown) that attach the mentioned components to each other via bolt holes like holes 35 and 36.
  • assembling the plate heat exchanger 2 includes arranging the stack of heat transfer plates 30 on the bottom head 16, sliding the corner girders 21-24 into the linings 31-34 and bolting them to the bottom head 16.
  • a channel end plate 38 is arranged on top of the stack of heat transfer plates 30 and the top head 15 is bolted to the corner girders 21-24. Thereafter the side panels 11-14 are bolted to the corner girders 21-24 and to the heads 15, 16.
  • the plate heat exchanger 2 also has a base 17 that facilitates attachment of the plate heat exchanger 2 to the ground.
  • Gaskets such e.g. gasket 131, are arranged on the side panels 11-14 at sections that face the corner girders 21-24 and the heads 15, 16, such that the enclosure formed by the heads 15, 16 and side panels 11-14 is properly sealed for preventing leakage from the plate heat exchanger 2.
  • a first side panel 11 and a second side panel 12 of the side panels 11-14 comprise inlets and outlets for two fluids.
  • the first side panel 11 has an inlet 41 and an outlet 42 for a first fluid.
  • the inlet 41 and outlet 42 of the first panel 11 form a flow path for the first fluid in combination with the stack of heat transfer plates 30, where the flow path extends from the inlet 41, within the stack of heat transfer plates 30 and to the outlet 42.
  • This flow path is illustrated by the broken arrows that extend in directions parallel to the direction D1.
  • Conventional baffles, such as baffle 39 are connected to sides of the stack of heat transfer plates 30 for directing the flow of the first fluid in a number of passes within the stack 30 (four passes in the illustrated figure).
  • the second side panel 12 has an inlet 43 and an outlet 44 for a second fluid.
  • the inlet 43 and outlet 44 of the second side panel 12 form a flow path for the second fluid in combination with the stack of heat transfer plates 30, where the flow path extends from the inlet 43, within the stack of heat transfer plates 30 and to the outlet 44.
  • This flow path is illustrated by the broken arrows that extend in directions parallel to the direction D2.
  • Conventional baffles connected to sides of the stack of heat transfer plates 30 direct the flow of the second fluid in a number of passes within the stack 30 (here the same number of passes as for the first fluid).
  • baffles The arrangement of baffles is per se accomplished by employing conventional techniques.
  • the first flow path for the first fluid is between the pairs of heat transfer plates in the stack 30, while the second flow path for the second fluid is within the pairs of heat transfer plates in the stack 30.
  • a pair of heat transfer plates comprises a first heat transfer plate and a second heat transfer plate, as will be described further on. This means that the flow of the first fluid is between heat transfer plates of different pairs of heat transfer plates, while the flow of the second fluid is between a first and a second heat transfer plate of the same pair, i.e. within a pair.
  • the linings 31-34 seal the corners of the stack of heat transfer plates 30, which ensures that the two different fluids paths are separated.
  • a first and a second pair 50, 60 of heat transfer plates are exemplified, where Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view along section A-A of Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view along section B-B of Fig. 2 .
  • the pairs 50, 60 of heat transfer plates are part of the stack of heat transfer plates 30 illustrated in Fig. 1 .
  • the stack 30 comprises a number of pairs of heat transfer plates that are similar to the pairs 50, 60, such as 4-200 pairs or even more.
  • the first pair 50 of heat transfer plates comprises a first heat transfer plate 51 and a second heat transfer plate 52.
  • the second pair 60 of heat transfer plates is typically similar to the first pair 50 of heat transfer plates, which means that it also comprises a first heat transfer plate 61 and a second heat transfer plate 62.
  • the first heat transfer plate 61 of the second pair 60 of heat transfer plates is typically similar to the first heat transfer plate 51 of the first pair 50 of heat transfer plates, while the second heat transfer plate 62 of the second pair 60 of heat transfer plates may be similar to the second heat transfer plate 52 of the first pair 50 of heat transfer plates.
  • first heat transfer plate 51 and the second heat transfer plate 52 of the first pair 50 of heat transfer plates have similar shapes.
  • Each heat transfer plate has, as exemplified by the first heat transfer plate 51 of the first pair 50 of heat transfer plates, a rectangular shape with a first 511, a second 512, a third 513 and a fourth elongated side 514.
  • the first elongated side 511 is facing the first side panel 11 while the third side 513 is facing the third side panel 13.
  • the first heat transfer plate 51 is joined with the second heat transfer plate 52 via a joint 78 at the first elongated side 511 and via a joint 79 at the third elongated side 513, as may be seen in Fig. 3 .
  • the first heat transfer plate 51 comprises sets of corrugations 101-106 that are arranged on respective sides of elongated joints 72-76 that join the first and second heat transfer plates 51, 52. It may also be said that the corrugations 101-106 are separated by the elongated joints 72-76.
  • the sets of corrugations 101-106 extend a direction that is parallel to the joints 72-76, which direction in the exemplified embodiment is parallel to the direction D2.
  • the sets of corrugations 101-106 have two outermost sets of corrugations 101, 106, and further joints 71, 77 may be arranged intermediate the outer sets of corrugations 101, 106 and the corresponding, closest elongated side 513, 511.
  • all heat transfer plates may be similar, all or some of the heat transfer plates of the stack of heat transfer plates 30, such as plates 52, 61 and 62, may have the same properties and structural shape as plate 51.
  • the corrugations 101- 106 comprise ridges and grooves that extend in a direction D1 that is 45°-90° transverse a direction D2 along which the elongated joints 71-77 extend.
  • the directions D1, D2 are here the same directions as previously discussed in respect of the flow of the first and second fluid.
  • Corrugations 101, 102 on the first heat transfer plate 51 and corresponding corrugations 201, 202 on the second heat transfer plate 52 each comprise ridges and grooves, such as ridge 92 and groove 93 of the first heat transfer plate 51 and ridge 192 and groove 193 of the second heat transfer plate 52.
  • the first pair 50 of heat transfer plates comprises elongated joint grooves, as exemplified by joint grooves 81-87 of the first heat transfer plate 51, along which the elongated joints 71-77 are arranged.
  • Each corrugation of the set of corrugations 101-106 comprising ridges and grooves that extend in a direction D1 that is transverse a direction D2 along which the elongated joint grooves 81-87 extend.
  • the ridges of the first heat transfer plate 51 may be aligned with the ridges of the second heat transfer plate 52, as seen in a direction parallel to a normal direction N of the first pair 50 of heat transfer plates. This is advantageous in that efficient heat transfer and flow of fluid may be accomplished.
  • the joints 71-77 are arranged in a respective joint groove 81-87. Since the second heat transfer plate 52 is similar to the first heat transfer plate 51 it also comprises elongated joint grooves along which the elongated joints 71-77 are arranged.
  • e.g. joint groove 82 of the first heat transfer plate 51 abut a corresponding joint groove 182 of the second heat transfer plate 52.
  • the heat transfer plates 51, 52 are then joined at the joint grooves 82, 182 by virtue of the joint 72.
  • a backside surface 515 of the joint groove 82 of the first heat transfer plate 51 is in contact with a backside surface 525 of the joint groove 182 of the second heat transfer plate 52.
  • the joints are typically formed by welding but may also be formed by brazing or by some other, suitable means of joining.
  • the heat transfer plates 51, 52, 61, 62 are typically made of metal, such as stainless steel.
  • laser welding may be used as well as other welding techniques, such as resistance welding.
  • Each of the joints 71-77 may comprise two at least partially overlapping joint sections, as exemplified by a first section 721 and a second section 722 of the joint 72.
  • the joint sections 721, 722 may be overlapping by a predetermined distance, such as 5-30 mm.
  • the two joint sections 721, 722, or welding sections when the joints are formed by welding, may begin at a respective end section of the joint groove, as illustrated by the two end sections 821, 822 of joint groove 82.
  • the joining of the first heat transfer plate 51 with the second heat transfer plate 52 at the first and third elongated sides 511, 513 may be accomplished by a first set of opposite, elongated side joints 78, 79, such that a flow path 57 for the second fluid is formed between the first set of opposite, elongated side joints 78, 79, i.e. within the first pair 50 of heat transfer plates.
  • the flow path 57 is then parallel to the direction D2 discussed in connection with Fig. 1 .
  • the first and second heat transfer plates 51, 52 have peripheral sections like sections 53, 54 that are folded towards each other.
  • the peripheral sections 53, 54 are folded towards each other since the second heat transfer plate 52 is arranged as an inverted mirror-image of the first heat transfer plate 51, having in mind that the plates 51, 52 are similar.
  • the related weld 79 is applied at a contact surface formed between the folded sections 53, 54.
  • the joint grooves 81-87 may extend unbroken along the flow path 57 that is formed between the first and second heat transfer plates 51, 52. Also since the first heat transfer plate 51 and the second heat transfer plate 52 are typically joined by multiple elongated joints 71-77, the flow path 57 for the second fluid formed between the first and second heat transfer plates 51, 52 comprises multiple parallel flow channels 571-576.
  • pairs of heat transfer plates like the first pair 50 of heat transfer plates and the second pair 60 of heat transfer plates are joined via opposite, elongated side joints.
  • Such joints are exemplified by a set of opposite, elongated side joints 781, 782 arranged between the first pair 50 of heat transfer plates and the second pair 60 of heat transfer plates.
  • Such elongated side joints 781, 782 are transverse the first set of elongated side joints 78, 79 and joins a pair of heat transfer plates (exemplified by pair 50) with an adjacent pair of heat transfer plates (exemplified by pair 60).
  • the plates 51, 52, 61, 62 have respective peripheral sections that are folded towards a heat transfer plate that belongs to another pair of heat transfer plates, such as folded sections 56 and 65.
  • the related weld 781 is applied at a contact surface formed between the folded sections 56, 65.
  • a flow path 67 for the first fluid is formed between the pairs 50, 60 of heat transfer plates. Since the pairs 50, 60 are joined only at the second set of side joints 781, 782 a so called free-flow path is formed between the joints 781, 782, i.e. a free-flow path is formed between the pairs 50, 60 of heat transfer plates.
  • a free-flow path may in this context be defined as a flow path without any contact points intermediate the side joints 781, 782.
  • free-flow has been observed to be advantageous since occurrence of e.g. deposits from the fluid or the presence of bacteria may be reduced or, in practice, even eliminated.
  • a number of pairs of heat transfer plates are stacked adjacent each other and joined to each other in a manner like the joining of the first and the second pairs 50, 60 of heat transfer plates.
  • the joining of the pairs may be accomplished by using the same methods (welding, brazing etc.) as when joining the plates of one pair.
  • each heat transfer plate has four protrusions at its corners, such as protrusions 515-518 of the first heat transfer plate 51.
  • the protrusions are then joined to the linings 31-34 by e.g. welding, brazing or by some other suitable means of joining.
  • the linings 31-34 partially surround the set of corner girders 21-24 when the plate heat exchanger 2 is assembled, such that the stack of heat transfer plates 30 is firmly fixed within the enclosure that is formed by the heads 15, 16 and the side panels 11-14.
  • the heat transfer plates 51, 52, 61, 62 may per se be manufactured from steel sheets that are pressed with a press tool that forms the corrugations and the weld grooves.
  • a cutting machine thereafter cuts the pressed plates along their periphery and the edges of the cut plates are folded in a machine that forms the folded, peripheral sections.
  • the heat transfer plates in the stack of heat transfer plates 30 comprises a coating.
  • the coating may be referred to as a non-stick coating and makes it easy to clean the plates.
  • the coated plates provide improved heat transfer over time compared to conventional heat transfer plates since the latter gets fouled much quicker, which decreases the heat transfer performance to a larger extent.
  • the coating also results in a much more even surface on the plates, which gives better flow characteristics. Also, a pressure drop over the plates is reduced over time for the plate heat exchanger 2 in comparison with conventional block-type plate heat exchangers, since the buildup of impurities, microorganisms and other substances is reduced.
  • the coated plates may easily be cleaned by using high pressure washing with water. Moreover, there is no need for extensive, time consuming mechanical cleaning or cleaning using strong acids, bases or detergents, such as e.g. NaOH and HNO 3 .
  • the heat transfer plates in the stack 30 are in a sol-gel process coated with a coating that comprises organosilicon compounds.
  • the organosilicon compounds are starting materials that are used in the sol-gel process and are preferably silicon alkoxy compounds.
  • a sol is converted into a gel to produce nano-materials. Through hydrolysis and condensation reactions a three-dimensional network of interlayered molecules is produced in a liquid. Thermal processing stages are then used to process the gel further into nano-materials or nanostructures, which results in a final coating.
  • an "atomic ratio of O/Si > 1" is meant that the number of Oxygen atoms (O) of the silicon oxide (SiO x ) divided by the number of Silicon atoms (Si) of the silicon oxide (SiO x ) is larger than one.
  • the number of Oxygen atoms (O) divided by the number of Silicon atoms is within the range of 1.5-3, or within the range of 2-2.5.
  • a preferred silicon oxide is silica, SiO 2 .
  • the siliconoxide forms a three dimensional network having excellent adhesion to the plates.
  • All heat transfer plates of the stack 30, such as the first heat transfer plate 51 and the second heat transfer plate 52, may be coated. Typically the plates are coated on the sides that face either one or both of the flow path for the first fluid and the flow path for the second fluid.
  • the coating has a content of carbon originating from hydrocarbon chains.
  • the content of the carbon is ⁇ 10 atomic%, or in the range of 20-60 atomic%, or in the range of 30-40 atomic%.
  • the carbon impart flexibility and resilience to the coating which is important if the plates during operation flex due to high pressures exerted on the plates in the stack 30.
  • the hydrocarbon chains are hydrophobic and oleophobic, which results in the non-stick properties of the coating.
  • the first heat transfer plate 51 is provided with a siliconoxide sol gel coating 701 as described above.
  • the coating is also referred to as siliconoxide layer 701. Closest to the plate 51 the siliconoxide layer 701 forms an interface 702 between the coating siloxane and a metal oxide film of the plate 51.
  • a bulk of the coating 701 is the siloxane network 703 that has organic linker chains and voids that impart flexibility to the coating 701.
  • the siloxane network 703 is "on top" of the interface 702.
  • the siliconoxide layer 701 forms an outermost layer in from of a functional surface 704 that has hydrophobic and oleophobic properties that reduce fouling. There are no sharp boundaries between the interface 702 and the siloxane network 703 respectively the siloxane network 703 and the functional surface 704, but rather gradual transitions
  • All plates in the stack 30 that are coated may have the coating described in connection with Fig. 6 .
  • the coating is both durable and flexible and provides a plate for a block-type plate heat exchanger that has excellent non-stick properties and wear- and crack-resistance.
  • At least one sol comprising organosilicon compounds is applied to the surface of the heat transfer plates that are coated.
  • the surface may be wetted/coated with the sol in any suitable way.
  • the surface coating may e.g. be applied by spraying, dipping or flooding.
  • all surfaces of a heat transfer plate that is in contact with a fluid that may cause fouling are coated.
  • the gaskets like gasket 131 arranged on the side panels 11-14 may be coated, typically with the same type of coating that is used for the heat transfer plates. The coating is then typically applied at least on the surfaces of the gaskets that are in contact with the fluid that may cause fouling.
  • a method of coating the heat transfer plates of the stack 30 comprises pretreatment of at least the surfaces on the heat transfer plates to be coated. This pretreatment may be carried out by means of dipping, flooding or spraying. The pretreatment is used to clean the surfaces to be coated in order to obtain increased adhesion of the coating. Examples of pretreatments are treatment with acetone and/or alkaline solutions, e.g. caustic solution.
  • the method of coating the heat transfer plates may comprise thermal processing stages, e.g. a drying operation may be carried out after a pretreatment and a drying and/or curing operation may be used after the coating of the plate has taken place.
  • the coating may be subjected to heat by using conventional heating apparatuses, such as ovens.
  • the coating which as indicated comprises SiOx, is applied to the plates of the stack 30.
  • the application of the coating is done by means of sol-gel processing.
  • the coating is preferably between 1 and 30 ⁇ m thick.
  • a coating thickness below 1 ⁇ m is considered being not enough wear resistant since the plates in the plate heat exchanger 2 are able to flex slightly during operation. Flexing of the plates causes wear on the coating and with time the coating wear down.
  • the thickness of the coating has an upper limit since the application of substances on the heat transfer plates influences the their heat transfer capability and thus the overall performance of the plate heat exchanger.
  • the upper limit for the thickness of the coating is preferably 30 ⁇ m.
  • the coating thickness of the silicon oxide sol containing coating is 1-30 ⁇ m, and in alternatives preferably 1.5-25 ⁇ m, preferably 2-20 ⁇ m, preferably 2-15 ⁇ m, preferably 2-10 ⁇ m or preferably 3-10 ⁇ m.
  • the material of which the heat transfer plates in the stack 30 are made of may be chosen from several metals and metal alloys.
  • the material is stainless steel or titanium.
  • the material may also be chosen from nickel, copper, any alloys of the mentioned metals and/or carbon steel.
  • Coat 1 is a silan terminated polymer in butyl acetate
  • Coat 2 is a polysiloxan-urethan resin in solvent naphtha/butylacetate.
  • the test were performed on coated heat transfer plates in the stack 30. In the following a plate for which tests is performed is also referred to as "substrate".
  • H 2 O 102-103 ° Coating thickness 4-10 ⁇ m 2-4 ⁇ m Stability 1.2 % HNO 3 in H 2 O: 11 ⁇ 2 h at 75 °C 1.2 % HNO 3 in H 2 O:11 ⁇ 2 h at 75 °C 1% NaOH in H 2 O: 3 h at 85 °C 1 % NaOH in H 2 O: 2 h at 85 °C Crude oil: 6 months at 20 °C Crude oil: 6 months at 20 °C
  • Adhesion was determined by cross-cut/tape test according to the standard DIN EN ISO 2409. Rating is from 0 (excellent) to 5 (terrible). 0 or 1 is acceptable while 2 to 5 is not. First digit indicates rating after cross cut (1 mm grid) and the second digit gives rating after tape has been applied and taken off again.
  • the substrates were subjected to pre-treatment.
  • the substrate was pre-treated by submerging it in an alkaline cleaning detergent for 30 minutes.
  • the substrate was washed with water and demineralized water and dried before Coat 1 was applied (applied within half an hour to achieve optimal adhesion).
  • Tests have shown that the adhesion is reduced if cleaning of the substrate is only carried out with acetone.
  • Pre-treatment was also used for stainless steel substrates that are coated with Coat 2. This coating displayed unaffected adhesion whether an alkaline detergent or acetone was used as pre-treatment or not. If the pre-treatment step is neglected or not properly made the coating adhesion will be effected.
  • Both coatings showed good stability under acidic condition.
  • the coatings were stable for 11 ⁇ 2 hours at 75 °C and more than 24 hours at room temperature.
  • Coat 1 Under alkaline conditions Coat 1 showed a better result than Coat 2. Coat 1 could withstand the alkaline conditions for 3 hours at 85 °C and Coat 2 for 2 hours at 85 °C. Both coatings showed no decomposition or reduction in oleophobic properties after being subjected to crude oil for 6 months at a temperature of 20 °C.
  • Heat transfer plates in the stack 30 were then coated with Coat 1 and Coat 2.
  • the heat exchanger plates were in this test made of titanium and the heat exchanger 2 was used in a crude oil application. All coated heat transfer plates underwent pre-treatment, which comprised treatment with acidic and alkaline solutions to remove fouling and high pressure washing of the plates with water. The plates were left to dry before application of coating.
  • the pre-treatment was completed a day before Coat 1 and Coat 2 were applied to the plates. As the plates have been left to dry at ambient temperature (approximately cover 20 °C), some plates were still wet. More precisely, a third of the plates were coated with Coat 1 and a third of the plates were coated with Coat 2, while a remaining third of the plates were kept uncoated.
  • the coating is accomplished by spraying the respective coat into the flow paths 57, 67 that are formed by the plats in the stack 30, such that the sides of the that faces the flow paths are coated. The thickness of the coating was measured to be 2-4 ⁇ m. Curing/drying for the two coatings was performed for 11 ⁇ 2 hours in an oven at elevated temperatures of 200 °C respectively 160 °C.
  • the stack 30 with the coated heat transfer plates were then arranged in the heat exchanger of Fig. 1 and an evaluation of the coated plates was performed after about seven months of operation of the plate heat exchanger 2.
  • the plates were analyzed after the seven months.
  • three different silicon oxide-coated heat transfer plates were analyzed by means of XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), also known as ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis).
  • XPS X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
  • ESCA Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis.
  • the XPS method provides quantitative chemical information, including a chemical composition expressed in atomic% for the outermost 2-10 nm of a surface.
  • a measuring principle of the XPS method comprises that a sample (i.e. a heat transfer plate coated with Coat 1, a heat transfer plate coated with Coat 2 and an uncoated plate) is placed in high vacuum and is irradiated with well defined x-ray energy, which results in an emission of photoelectrons from the sample. Only photoelectrons from the outermost surface of the sample reach the detector. By analyzing the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons, their binding energy can be calculated, thus giving their origin in relation to a chemical element (including the electron shell) of the sample.
  • XPS provided quantitative data on both the elemental composition and different chemical states of a chemical element of the sample (such as different functional groups, chemical bonding, oxidation state, etc). All chemical elements except hydrogen and helium are detected and the obtained chemical composition of the sample is expressed in atomic%.
  • XPS spectra were recorded using a Kratos AXIS Ultra DLD x-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The samples were analyzed using a monochromatic Al x-ray source. The analysis area was below 1mm 2 . In the analysis so a called wide spectra run was performed to detect chemical elements present in the surface of the sample. The relative surface compositions were obtained from quantification of each chemical element.
  • thermo-imaging After four months of operation a pre-inspection by thermo-imaging was performed. A thermo-image was taken of a mid region of the heat exchanger 2 when the heat exchanger was operated. From the image it was obvious that some heat transfer plates show increased heat transfer compared to other heat transfer plates in the heat exchanger.
  • the inspection showed an elevated temperature at the coated plates.
  • the non-coated plates showed a lower operating temperature.
  • the difference in temperature is an effect of different fouling, where coated plats has elevated temperatures.
  • the plate heat exchanger 2 has predetermined measurements for a number of the components it comprises.
  • the first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate may have a thickness m1 of 0,6-1,4 mm or 0,8-1,2.
  • Each of the first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate may have a heat transfer area m2 of 0,05-0,30 m 2 or 0,6-1,8 m 2 .
  • Any of the top head and the bottom head may have a thickness m3 of 45-145 mm or 190-250 mm.
  • Each of the four side panels may have a thickness m4 of 35-85 mm or 65-175 mm.
  • Each of the corner girders may comprise a cross-sectional side m5 that measures 35-85 mm or 110-190 mm.
  • the sealed enclosure may have a volume of maximum 0,02-0,40 m 3 or 0,7-5,0 m 3 .
  • these measurements provides, each alone or in combination, conditions where the heat transfer plates in the stack 30 flex less which allows the coating to remain on the heat transfer plates for a longer period of time.
  • the components are not unnecessarily over-dimensioned but the measurements has been optimized in respect of allowing the coating to remain for a longer period of time while still assuring that reasonable amounts of materials are used for the heat exchanger 2.
  • the measurements m1-m5 may be optimized in respect of each other.
  • the first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate have a thickness of 0,7-0,9 mm and a heat transfer area of 0,02-0,035 m 2
  • any of the top head and the bottom head has a thickness of 35-45 mm
  • each of the four side panels may has a thickness of 35-45 mm
  • each of the corner girders comprises a cross-sectional side that measures 35-45 mm
  • the sealed enclosure has a volume of 0,005-0,020 m 3 .
  • first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate have a thickness of 0,7-0,9 mm and a heat transfer area of 0,05-0,07 m 2
  • any of the top head and the bottom head has a thickness of 45-55 mm
  • each of the four side panels may has a thickness of 35-65 mm
  • each of the corner girders comprises a cross-sectional side that measures 45-55 mm
  • the sealed enclosure has a volume of 0,02-0,06 m 3 .
  • first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate have a thickness of 0,7-0,9 mm and a heat transfer area of 0,09-0,11 m 2
  • any of the top head and the bottom head has a thickness of 45-55 mm
  • each of the four side panels may has a thickness of 35-65 mm
  • each of the corner girders comprises a cross-sectional side that measures 45-55 mm
  • the sealed enclosure has a volume of 0,04-0,22 m 3 .
  • first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate have a thickness of 0,9-1,1 mm and a heat transfer area of 0,13-0,19 m 2
  • any of the top head and the bottom head has a thickness of 60-80 mm
  • each of the four side panels may has a thickness of 45-85 mm
  • each of the corner girders comprises a cross-sectional side that measures 55-65 mm
  • the sealed enclosure has a volume of 0,12-0,26 m 3 .
  • first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate have a thickness of 0,9-1,1 mm and a heat transfer area of 0,24-0,30 m 2
  • any of the top head and the bottom head has a thickness of 120-160 mm
  • each of the four side panels may has a thickness of 45-85 mm
  • each of the corner girders comprises a cross-sectional side that measures 65-105 mm
  • the sealed enclosure has a volume of 0,2-0,6 m 3 .
  • first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate have a thickness of 0,9-1,1 mm and a heat transfer area of 0,50-0,80 m 2
  • any of the top head and the bottom head has a thickness of 170-230 mm
  • each of the four side panels may has a thickness of 90-160 mm
  • each of the corner girders comprises a cross-sectional side that measures 100-140 mm
  • the sealed enclosure has a volume of 1,0-2,4 m 3 .
  • first heat transfer plate and the second heat transfer plate have a thickness of 1,1-1,3 mm and a heat transfer area of 1,4-2,0 m 2
  • any of the top head and the bottom head has a thickness of 120-400 mm
  • each of the four side panels may has a thickness of 110-250 mm
  • each of the corner girders comprises a cross-sectional side that measures 120-240 mm
  • the sealed enclosure has a volume of 2,4-5,9 m 3 .
  • optimization calculations may show that other measurements for components of the heat exchanger may provide a structure that allows the coating to remain on the coated surface for long period of time.
  • the heat transfer plates may have another pattern of corrugation than the shown one.
  • the elongated joints and their associated joint grooves on the heat transfer plates may be omitted such that e.g. corrugations cover the heat transfer areas of the plates.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Échangeur de chaleur à plaques comprenant une extrémité supérieure (15), une extrémité inférieure (16) et quatre panneaux latéraux (11-14) qui sont assemblés par des boulons, avec un ensemble de renforts d'angle (21-24), pour former une enceinte hermétiquement close, et un empilement de plaques de transfert de chaleur (30) qui est disposé dans l'enceinte hermétiquement close, l'empilement de plaques de transfert de chaleur (30) comprenant des paires (50, 60) de plaques de transfert de chaleur qui sont empilées de façon qu'un trajet d'écoulement (67) pour un premier fluide est formé entre les paires (50, 60) empilées de plaques de transfert de chaleur, dans lequel une paire (50) des paires (50, 60) empilées de plaques de transfert de chaleur comprend une première plaque de transfert de chaleur (51) et une seconde plaque de transfert de chaleur (52) qui sont jointes de façon qu'un trajet d'écoulement (57) pour un second fluide est formé entre les première et seconde plaques de transfert de chaleur (51, 52), caractérisé par le fait que
    la première plaque de transfert de chaleur (51) et la seconde plaque de transfert de chaleur (52) comprennent un revêtement (701) qui
    présente une épaisseur de couche de 1-30 µm,
    est préparé par traitement sol-gel,
    comprend de l'oxyde de silicium (SiOx) présentant un rapport atomique de O/Si > 1 et
    comprend ≥ 5 pour cent atomique de carbone (C).
  2. Échangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la première plaque de transfert de chaleur (51) et la seconde plaque de transfert de chaleur (52) ont une épaisseur (m1) de 0,6-1,4 mm ou de 0,8-1,2 mm.
  3. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-2, dans lequel chacune des première plaque de transfert de chaleur (51) et seconde plaque de transfert de chaleur (52) a une surface de transfert de chaleur (m2) de 0,05-0,30 m2 ou de 0,6-1,8 m2.
  4. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-3, dans lequel l'une quelconque des extrémité supérieure (15) et extrémité inférieure (16) a une épaisseur (m3) de 45-145 mm ou de 190-250 mm.
  5. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-4, dans lequel chacun des quatre panneaux latéraux (11-14) a une épaisseur (m4) de 35-85 mm ou de 65-175 mm.
  6. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-5, dans lequel chacun des renforts d'angle (21-24) comprend un côté de section transversale (m5) mesurant 35-85 mm ou 110-190 mm.
  7. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-6, dans lequel l'enceinte hermétiquement close a un volume de 0,02-0,40 m3 ou de 0,7-5,0 m3.
  8. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-7, dans lequel l'épaisseur de couche du revêtement mesure 1,5-25 µm ou 2-20 µm ou 2-15 µm ou 2-10 µm ou 3-10 µm.
  9. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-8, dans lequel l'oxyde de silicium, SiOx, présente un rapport atomique de O/Si = 1,5-3 ou un rapport atomique de O/Si = 2-2,5.
  10. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-9, dans lequel le revêtement a une teneur en carbone de 20-60 pour cent atomique ou de 30-40 pour cent atomique.
  11. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-10, comprenant un joint d'étanchéité (131) qui est couvert, au moins partiellement, par le revêtement.
  12. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-11, dans lequel la première plaque de transfert de chaleur (51) et la seconde plaque de transfert de chaleur (52) sont en acier inoxydable.
EP11190887.7A 2011-11-28 2011-11-28 Échangeur thermique à plaques de type bloc doté de propriétés antisalissures Active EP2597412B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK11190887.7T DK2597412T3 (da) 2011-11-28 2011-11-28 Blok-type pladevarmeveksler med begroningshæmmende egenskaber
EP11190887.7A EP2597412B1 (fr) 2011-11-28 2011-11-28 Échangeur thermique à plaques de type bloc doté de propriétés antisalissures
US14/357,114 US20140311718A1 (en) 2011-11-28 2012-11-15 Block-type plate heat exchanger with anti-fouling properties
JP2014542778A JP2014533820A (ja) 2011-11-28 2012-11-15 付着物防止特性を備えたブロック型プレート式熱交換器
PCT/EP2012/072722 WO2013079332A1 (fr) 2011-11-28 2012-11-15 Échangeur de chaleur à plaques de type bloc doté de propriétés anti-encrassement
RU2014126368/06A RU2568716C1 (ru) 2011-11-28 2012-11-15 Пластинчатый теплообменник блочного типа со свойствами предотвращения образования отложений
CN201280058235.5A CN103958998B (zh) 2011-11-28 2012-11-15 具有防结污性质的块型板式热交换器

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11190887.7A EP2597412B1 (fr) 2011-11-28 2011-11-28 Échangeur thermique à plaques de type bloc doté de propriétés antisalissures

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2597412A1 EP2597412A1 (fr) 2013-05-29
EP2597412B1 true EP2597412B1 (fr) 2014-05-28

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EP (1) EP2597412B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014533820A (fr)
CN (1) CN103958998B (fr)
DK (1) DK2597412T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2568716C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013079332A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
US20140311718A1 (en) 2014-10-23
RU2568716C1 (ru) 2015-11-20
CN103958998A (zh) 2014-07-30
DK2597412T3 (da) 2014-08-11
CN103958998B (zh) 2016-11-09
WO2013079332A1 (fr) 2013-06-06
JP2014533820A (ja) 2014-12-15
EP2597412A1 (fr) 2013-05-29

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