US20060196644A1 - Heat exchanger and method for treating the surface of said heat exchanger - Google Patents
Heat exchanger and method for treating the surface of said heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
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- US20060196644A1 US20060196644A1 US10/551,183 US55118305A US2006196644A1 US 20060196644 A1 US20060196644 A1 US 20060196644A1 US 55118305 A US55118305 A US 55118305A US 2006196644 A1 US2006196644 A1 US 2006196644A1
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- heat exchanger
- nanoparticles
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- surface coating
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 alkoxy radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/04—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by preventing the formation of continuous films of condensate on heat-exchange surfaces, e.g. by promoting droplet formation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
- F28F2245/02—Coatings; Surface treatments hydrophilic
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, as described in the preamble of claim 1 and to a process for the surface treatment of a heat exchanger.
- the flow of condensate off the surface can be boosted by making the surface of the heat exchanger hydrophilic, the hydrophilicity forming a thin film of liquid which can continuously flow off the corrugated fin surface.
- the corrugated fin surface dries more quickly. This maintains or improves the overall performance of the heat exchanger.
- EP 115 40 42 A1 has disclosed an agent for the chemical surface treatment of heat exchangers, in which silicate particles with a mean diameter of from 5 to 1000 nm and polyvinyl alcohol are applied in aqueous solution to the surface of heat exchangers.
- silicate particles with a mean diameter of from 5 to 1000 nm and polyvinyl alcohol are applied in aqueous solution to the surface of heat exchangers.
- the surface is first of all subjected to an acidic cleaning step and then a chromium-containing or zirconium-containing conversion layer is built up.
- the heat exchanger which has been prepared in this way is coated with the abovementioned hydrophilic chemicals, so that the correspondingly treated surface has hydrophilic properties.
- the preferably hydrophilic surface coating in particular in the case of a heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, includes a gel, the gel advantageously being applied by a sol-gel coating operation.
- the gel may contain nanoparticles, coated nanoparticles and/or grafted nanoparticles.
- a hydrophilic surface coating ensures that a thin, continuous film of liquid is formed on the surface and can continuously flow off the corrugated fin surface or off the plates/tubes of the heat exchanger. This leads to a self-cleaning effect or rinsing effect, allowing a permanent accumulation of dust and dirt to be reduced and a colonization of microorganisms on the surface of the heat exchanger to be avoided. Furthermore, the corrugated fin surface dries more quickly.
- the surface coating in addition or instead of the hydrophilic action, has one or more other advantageous actions, such as for example a corrosion-inhibiting or corrosion-preventing action.
- Starting materials preferably used in the sol-gel process are alkoxy compounds of elements from main group III, i.e. for example aluminum, boron, indium, and/or of elements from main group IV, i.e. for example silicon, tin, and/or of transition metals, preferably from transition group IV, such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and/or from transition group V, such as vanadium, niobium, tantalum.
- alkoxy compounds it is preferable for some of the hydrolysable alkoxy radicals to be substituted by alkyl and/or aryl radicals or else it is preferable to provide a mixture of pure alkoxy compounds and alkoxy compounds which partly contain alkyl and/or aryl radicals.
- These compounds are preferably halogenated, particularly preferably fluorinated.
- the hydrophilic surface coating prefferably includes nanoparticles. It is preferable for the nanoparticles to comprise approximately 100% or entirely oxides.
- coated nanoparticles it is also possible for other compounds to be present in the coating instead of or in addition to oxides, which are provided at least in the core of the coated nanoparticles.
- the coating of the nanoparticles may include organic and/or inorganic components, as well as organic and/or inorganic components with an antimicrobial action.
- the grafted nanoparticles are nanoparticles with a core comprising or consisting of oxides which carry side groups. These side groups are chemically bonded to the surface of the nanoparticle core, e.g. by oxygen or nitrogen bridges.
- bifunctional compounds e.g. diamines and/or dialcohols, are used to produce nanoparticles of this type.
- the surface properties of a nanoparticle can be varied (e.g. made hydrophobic, hydrophilic, stabilized in the dispersion or solution).
- a polymer chain with a reactive side chain which, for example, contains an OH or COOH or OR group, or a reactive group which has not fully reacted in the polymer network, e.g. OH or COOH or OR, to be grafted onto the nanoparticle.
- the nanoparticles in the text which follows, this term is also to be understood as encompassing coated and/or grafted nanoparticles, for the sake of simplicity) to contain oxides and/or hydrated oxides and/or nitrides, and/or carbides.
- oxides of the element from main group II and/or main group III and/or oxides of germanium, tin, lead and/or oxides of the transition metals, preferably from transition group IV and V, and/or oxides of zinc and/or of cerium.
- the hydrated oxides, nitrides and carbides preferably comprise elements from main group III and/or main group IV and/or transition metals, preferably from transition group IV and V, and/or zinc and/or cerium.
- nanoparticles, coated nanoparticles and the grafted nanoparticles prefferably have a mean diameter of from 1 to 1000 nm, in particular between 50 and 500 nm.
- the surface coating prefferably includes constituents with an antimicrobial action. These may form part of the nanoparticles, for example in the case of grafted or coated nanoparticles, or may be contained in the remaining part of the surface coating. Additives of this type improve the antimicrobial action of the surface coating and prevent colonization of microorganisms on the surface of the heat exchanger or at least impede such colonization.
- the surface coating prefferably be applied by means of dipping, flooding or spraying.
- a pre-treatment by means of an acidic or alkaline pickle with subsequent scale removal and/or a conversion treatment.
- This pre-treatment is also preferably carried out by means of dipping, flooding or spraying.
- the conversion treatment is used to build up passivation layers which form a very firm bond to the surface, for example by forming mixed oxides.
- a passivation layer of this type inter alia prevents corrosive attack.
- a drying operation may be carried out after the pre-treatment, and a drying operation is necessary after the actual surface coating.
- FIG. 1 shows a section through the region of a heat exchanger close to the surface with a coating in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a section through the region of a heat exchanger close to the surface with a coating in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows the region of a corrugated finned metal sheet 1 of a heat exchanger made from aluminum close to the surface in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment, which is provided with a hydrophilic surface coating 2 .
- this surface coating 2 is formed from a sol which contains nanoparticles 3 comprising substantially pure aluminum oxide.
- the nanoparticles 3 have a mean diameter of between 10 and 100 nm and are distributed relatively uniformly through the entire surface coating 2 .
- the sol includes alkoxy compounds of aluminum, a mixture of pure alkoxy compounds and alkoxy compounds in which some of the hydrolysable alkoxy radicals are substituted by alkyl radicals being used.
- the surface coating 2 is applied following a surface cleaning using an acidic pickle, by dipping in a colloidal sol solution in which nanoparticles of aluminum oxide are dispersed. This is followed by a drying process.
- FIG. 2 shows a region of a corrugated finned metal sheet 11 of a heat exchanger close to the surface in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment.
- a conversion layer 14 is provided between a hydrophilic surface coating 12 which contains nanoparticles 13 .
- the conversion layer 14 includes, inter alia, mixed oxides of aluminum and zirconium.
- the nanoparticles 13 are what are known as grafted nanoparticles which carry side groups.
- the nanoparticles 13 contain an oxide-containing core which is surrounded by bifunctional organic compounds which are chemically bonded to the surface of the nanoparticle core.
- the bifunctional organic compounds include, inter alia, side groups with an antimicrobial action.
- the actual surface coating 12 comprises a gel.
- the oxide-containing core of the grafted nanoparticles 13 substantially comprises zirconium dioxide and titanium dioxide.
- the surface is provided with the conversion layer 14 , which contains mixed oxides of aluminum and zirconium.
- the conversion layer 14 contains mixed oxides of aluminum and zirconium.
- a zirconium-containing chemical is applied by means of dipping, and mixed oxides of aluminum and zirconium are formed, so as to produce a very secure bond to the surface.
- the surface coating 12 is applied following a drying operation, by dipping in a sol-nanoparticle dispersion containing the nanoparticles 13 . This is followed by a further drying process.
- a surface coating is carried out using a sol which does not contain any nanoparticles.
- the sol includes alkoxy compounds of silicon, with a mixture of pure alkoxy compounds and alkoxy compounds in which some of the hydrolysable alkoxy radicals are substituted by alkyl radicals being used.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
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- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat exchanger provided with a hydrophilic surface coating (12) comprising a gel produced by a sol-gel method.
Description
- The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, as described in the preamble of
claim 1 and to a process for the surface treatment of a heat exchanger. - In conventional heat exchangers, there are often problems with corrosion, microbiological growth and dirt. These problems are caused, inter alia, by the precipitation of condensate from the air which is flowing through the sets of corrugated fins which are arranged between the plates or tubes through which refrigerant flows. Furthermore, there is also an accumulation of dust and dirt, which means that microorganisms can colonize the wet, dirty surface, which can lead to the formation of undesirable odors.
- The flow of condensate off the surface can be boosted by making the surface of the heat exchanger hydrophilic, the hydrophilicity forming a thin film of liquid which can continuously flow off the corrugated fin surface. This leads to a so-called self-cleaning effect or rinsing effect, making it possible to reduce permanent accumulation of dust and dirt and to avoid colonization of microorganisms on the surface of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the corrugated fin surface dries more quickly. This maintains or improves the overall performance of the heat exchanger.
- EP 115 40 42 A1 has disclosed an agent for the chemical surface treatment of heat exchangers, in which silicate particles with a mean diameter of from 5 to 1000 nm and polyvinyl alcohol are applied in aqueous solution to the surface of heat exchangers. To pretreat the surface, the surface is first of all subjected to an acidic cleaning step and then a chromium-containing or zirconium-containing conversion layer is built up. The heat exchanger which has been prepared in this way is coated with the abovementioned hydrophilic chemicals, so that the correspondingly treated surface has hydrophilic properties.
- It is an object of the invention to provide an improved heat exchanger.
- This object is achieved by a heat exchanger having the features of
claim 1. Advantageous configurations form the subject matter of the subclaims. - According to the invention, the preferably hydrophilic surface coating, in particular in the case of a heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, includes a gel, the gel advantageously being applied by a sol-gel coating operation. The gel may contain nanoparticles, coated nanoparticles and/or grafted nanoparticles. A hydrophilic surface coating ensures that a thin, continuous film of liquid is formed on the surface and can continuously flow off the corrugated fin surface or off the plates/tubes of the heat exchanger. This leads to a self-cleaning effect or rinsing effect, allowing a permanent accumulation of dust and dirt to be reduced and a colonization of microorganisms on the surface of the heat exchanger to be avoided. Furthermore, the corrugated fin surface dries more quickly.
- In modified embodiments of the invention, the surface coating, in addition or instead of the hydrophilic action, has one or more other advantageous actions, such as for example a corrosion-inhibiting or corrosion-preventing action.
- Starting materials preferably used in the sol-gel process are alkoxy compounds of elements from main group III, i.e. for example aluminum, boron, indium, and/or of elements from main group IV, i.e. for example silicon, tin, and/or of transition metals, preferably from transition group IV, such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and/or from transition group V, such as vanadium, niobium, tantalum.
- In the alkoxy compounds, it is preferable for some of the hydrolysable alkoxy radicals to be substituted by alkyl and/or aryl radicals or else it is preferable to provide a mixture of pure alkoxy compounds and alkoxy compounds which partly contain alkyl and/or aryl radicals. These compounds are preferably halogenated, particularly preferably fluorinated.
- It is preferable for the hydrophilic surface coating to include nanoparticles. It is preferable for the nanoparticles to comprise approximately 100% or entirely oxides.
- In the case of the coated nanoparticles, it is also possible for other compounds to be present in the coating instead of or in addition to oxides, which are provided at least in the core of the coated nanoparticles. The coating of the nanoparticles may include organic and/or inorganic components, as well as organic and/or inorganic components with an antimicrobial action.
- The grafted nanoparticles are nanoparticles with a core comprising or consisting of oxides which carry side groups. These side groups are chemically bonded to the surface of the nanoparticle core, e.g. by oxygen or nitrogen bridges. By way of example, bifunctional compounds, e.g. diamines and/or dialcohols, are used to produce nanoparticles of this type. As a result, the surface properties of a nanoparticle can be varied (e.g. made hydrophobic, hydrophilic, stabilized in the dispersion or solution). Moreover, it is possible for a polymer chain with a reactive side chain which, for example, contains an OH or COOH or OR group, or a reactive group which has not fully reacted in the polymer network, e.g. OH or COOH or OR, to be grafted onto the nanoparticle.
- Unless expressly stated to the contrary, it is preferable for the nanoparticles (in the text which follows, this term is also to be understood as encompassing coated and/or grafted nanoparticles, for the sake of simplicity) to contain oxides and/or hydrated oxides and/or nitrides, and/or carbides. In this context, it is preferable to provide oxides of the element from main group II and/or main group III and/or oxides of germanium, tin, lead and/or oxides of the transition metals, preferably from transition group IV and V, and/or oxides of zinc and/or of cerium.
- The hydrated oxides, nitrides and carbides preferably comprise elements from main group III and/or main group IV and/or transition metals, preferably from transition group IV and V, and/or zinc and/or cerium.
- It is preferable for the nanoparticles, coated nanoparticles and the grafted nanoparticles to have a mean diameter of from 1 to 1000 nm, in particular between 50 and 500 nm.
- It is preferable for the surface coating to include constituents with an antimicrobial action. These may form part of the nanoparticles, for example in the case of grafted or coated nanoparticles, or may be contained in the remaining part of the surface coating. Additives of this type improve the antimicrobial action of the surface coating and prevent colonization of microorganisms on the surface of the heat exchanger or at least impede such colonization.
- It is preferable for the surface coating to be applied by means of dipping, flooding or spraying.
- It is preferable to carry out a pre-treatment by means of an acidic or alkaline pickle with subsequent scale removal and/or a conversion treatment. This pre-treatment is also preferably carried out by means of dipping, flooding or spraying. The conversion treatment is used to build up passivation layers which form a very firm bond to the surface, for example by forming mixed oxides. A passivation layer of this type inter alia prevents corrosive attack.
- A drying operation may be carried out after the pre-treatment, and a drying operation is necessary after the actual surface coating.
- The invention is explained in detail below on the basis of three exemplary embodiments, in part with reference to the drawing. In the drawing:
-
FIG. 1 shows a section through the region of a heat exchanger close to the surface with a coating in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment of the invention, and -
FIG. 2 shows a section through the region of a heat exchanger close to the surface with a coating in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 1 shows the region of a corrugatedfinned metal sheet 1 of a heat exchanger made from aluminum close to the surface in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment, which is provided with ahydrophilic surface coating 2. In this case, thissurface coating 2 is formed from a sol which containsnanoparticles 3 comprising substantially pure aluminum oxide. Thenanoparticles 3 have a mean diameter of between 10 and 100 nm and are distributed relatively uniformly through theentire surface coating 2. - The sol includes alkoxy compounds of aluminum, a mixture of pure alkoxy compounds and alkoxy compounds in which some of the hydrolysable alkoxy radicals are substituted by alkyl radicals being used.
- The
surface coating 2 is applied following a surface cleaning using an acidic pickle, by dipping in a colloidal sol solution in which nanoparticles of aluminum oxide are dispersed. This is followed by a drying process. -
FIG. 2 shows a region of a corrugatedfinned metal sheet 11 of a heat exchanger close to the surface in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment. In this case, aconversion layer 14 is provided between ahydrophilic surface coating 12 which containsnanoparticles 13. Theconversion layer 14 includes, inter alia, mixed oxides of aluminum and zirconium. - The
nanoparticles 13 are what are known as grafted nanoparticles which carry side groups. In this case, thenanoparticles 13 contain an oxide-containing core which is surrounded by bifunctional organic compounds which are chemically bonded to the surface of the nanoparticle core. The bifunctional organic compounds include, inter alia, side groups with an antimicrobial action. As in the first exemplary embodiment, theactual surface coating 12 comprises a gel. The oxide-containing core of thegrafted nanoparticles 13 substantially comprises zirconium dioxide and titanium dioxide. - To prepare the surface for the application of the
actual surface coating 13, the surface is provided with theconversion layer 14, which contains mixed oxides of aluminum and zirconium. For this purpose, a zirconium-containing chemical is applied by means of dipping, and mixed oxides of aluminum and zirconium are formed, so as to produce a very secure bond to the surface. - The
surface coating 12 is applied following a drying operation, by dipping in a sol-nanoparticle dispersion containing thenanoparticles 13. This is followed by a further drying process. - According to a further exemplary embodiment (not shown in the drawing), a surface coating is carried out using a sol which does not contain any nanoparticles. The sol includes alkoxy compounds of silicon, with a mixture of pure alkoxy compounds and alkoxy compounds in which some of the hydrolysable alkoxy radicals are substituted by alkyl radicals being used.
Claims (19)
1. A heat exchanger having an in particular hydrophilic surface coating, characterized in that the surface coating includes a gel which is produced in particular in a sol-gel process.
2. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the sol, which functions as a coating substance in a sol-gel process, contains alkoxy compounds of elements from main group III and/or of elements from main group IV and/or of transition metals.
3. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 2 , characterized in that the transition metals belong to transition group IV and/or V.
4. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 2 , characterized in that in the alkoxy compounds some of the hydrolysable alkoxy radicals are substituted by alkyl and/or aryl radicals, or in that a mixture of pure alkoxy compounds and alkoxy compounds which partly contain alkyl and/or aryl radicals is provided.
5. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the surface coating contains nanoparticles, coated nanoparticles and/or grafted nanoparticles comprising or consisting of oxides.
6. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 5 , characterized in that oxides of the elements from main group II and/or main group III and/or oxides of germanium, tin, lead and/or oxides of the transition metals and/or oxides of zinc and/or oxides of cerium are provided.
7. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 6 , characterized in that the transition metals belong to transition IV and/or V.
8. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the surface coating contains nanoparticles, coated nanoparticles and/or grafted nanoparticles comprising or consisting of hydrated oxides and/or nitrides and/or carbides.
9. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 8 , characterized in that the hydrated oxides, nitrides and carbides comprise elements from main group III and/or main group IV and/or transition metals and/or cerium.
10. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 9 , characterized in that a transition metal belongs to transition group IV and/or V or is zinc.
11. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the nanoparticles, coated nanoparticles and/or grafted nanoparticles have a mean diameter of from 1 to 1000 nm.
12. The heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the surface coating includes constituents with an antimicrobial action.
13. A process for coating a heat exchanger with an in particular hydrophilic surface coating the surface coating being produced by means of a sol-gel process.
14. The process for coating a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13 , characterized in that the surface coating is applied by means of dipping, flooding and/or spraying.
15. The process for coating a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13 , characterized in that a pre-treatment by means of an acidic or alkaline pickle is carried out, with subsequent scale removal and/or a conversion treatment.
16. The process for coating a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 15 , characterized in that mixed oxides and/or mixed fluorides are formed during the conversion treatment.
17. The process for coating a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13 , characterized in that a drying process is carried out after a pre-treatment by means of an acidic or alkaline pickle with subsequent scale removal and/or a conversion treatment.
18. The process for coating a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13 , characterized in that the operation of applying the surface coating is followed by a drying operation.
19. The process for coating a heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13 , characterized in that a surface coating which contains nanoparticles, coated nanoparticles and/or grafted nanoparticles is applied.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10314775.6 | 2003-03-31 | ||
DE10314775 | 2003-03-31 | ||
PCT/EP2004/002336 WO2004087338A2 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-03-08 | Heat exchanger and method for treating the surface of said heat exchanger |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060196644A1 true US20060196644A1 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
Family
ID=32980909
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/551,183 Abandoned US20060196644A1 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-03-08 | Heat exchanger and method for treating the surface of said heat exchanger |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060196644A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1611407A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006522303A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1768245A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102004011544A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004087338A2 (en) |
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US20060162817A1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2006-07-27 | Snjezana Boger | Fluxing agent for soldering metal components |
US20080245512A1 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2008-10-09 | Behr Gmbh & Co., Kg | Heat Exchanger, In Particular Exhaust Gas Heat Exchanger |
US20090123730A1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2009-05-14 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Surface to be soldered |
US8042607B2 (en) | 2006-02-13 | 2011-10-25 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Conducting device including a corrugated fin for a heat exchanger |
WO2012018296A1 (en) | 2010-05-26 | 2012-02-09 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | Heat exchanger plates with anti-fouling properties |
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EP2597412A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2013-05-29 | Alfa Laval Corporate AB | Block-type plate heat exchanger with anti-fouling properties |
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US20140060058A1 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2014-03-06 | Jens Birkner | Gas turbine system having an evaporative cooler |
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US9238206B2 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2016-01-19 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Control of emulsions, including multiple emulsions |
US9701177B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2017-07-11 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Ceramic coated automotive heat exchanger components |
WO2018067679A1 (en) * | 2016-10-04 | 2018-04-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of making and using heat exchangers |
US10195571B2 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2019-02-05 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Multiple emulsions and techniques for the formation of multiple emulsions |
US10874997B2 (en) | 2009-09-02 | 2020-12-29 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Multiple emulsions created using jetting and other techniques |
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US8557055B2 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2013-10-15 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fluxing agent for soldering metal components |
US8002905B2 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2011-08-23 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fluxing agent for soldering metal components |
US20060162817A1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2006-07-27 | Snjezana Boger | Fluxing agent for soldering metal components |
US20090123730A1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2009-05-14 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Surface to be soldered |
US20080245512A1 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2008-10-09 | Behr Gmbh & Co., Kg | Heat Exchanger, In Particular Exhaust Gas Heat Exchanger |
US8042607B2 (en) | 2006-02-13 | 2011-10-25 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Conducting device including a corrugated fin for a heat exchanger |
US20140060058A1 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2014-03-06 | Jens Birkner | Gas turbine system having an evaporative cooler |
US9701177B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2017-07-11 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Ceramic coated automotive heat exchanger components |
US10874997B2 (en) | 2009-09-02 | 2020-12-29 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Multiple emulsions created using jetting and other techniques |
US20120199226A1 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2012-08-09 | Basf Se | Multiple emulsions created using junctions |
US20150198389A1 (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2015-07-16 | Carrier Corporation | Dual powder coating for aluminum heat exchangers |
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US10195571B2 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2019-02-05 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Multiple emulsions and techniques for the formation of multiple emulsions |
WO2013079332A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2013-06-06 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | Block-type plate heat exchanger with anti-fouling properties |
WO2013081537A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2013-06-06 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | Spiral heat exchanger with anti-fouling properties |
EP2597412A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2013-05-29 | Alfa Laval Corporate AB | Block-type plate heat exchanger with anti-fouling properties |
WO2018067679A1 (en) * | 2016-10-04 | 2018-04-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of making and using heat exchangers |
US11396605B2 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2022-07-26 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Heat exchanger |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1611407A2 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
CN1768245A (en) | 2006-05-03 |
DE102004011544A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
JP2006522303A (en) | 2006-09-28 |
WO2004087338A2 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
WO2004087338A3 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
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Owner name: BEHR GMBH & CO. KG, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BOGER, SNJEZANA;ENGLERT, PETER;FISCHLE, KLAUS;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017315/0661;SIGNING DATES FROM 20051024 TO 20051117 |
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