EP2593639B1 - Safeguarding arrangement for collecting a fluid escaping into a body of water - Google Patents

Safeguarding arrangement for collecting a fluid escaping into a body of water Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2593639B1
EP2593639B1 EP11730962.5A EP11730962A EP2593639B1 EP 2593639 B1 EP2593639 B1 EP 2593639B1 EP 11730962 A EP11730962 A EP 11730962A EP 2593639 B1 EP2593639 B1 EP 2593639B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
membrane
water
outlet hose
protective device
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EP11730962.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2593639A2 (en
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Wulf Splittstoesser
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E21B43/0122—Collecting oil or the like from a submerged leakage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/08—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material
    • E02B15/0807—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material with stabilising elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective device to fluids, whether gaseous or liquid, the uncontrolled escape into a body of water, eg. B. from a fault in the river bottom or from the defective riser of a borehole to prevent.
  • BOP Blow-Out Preventers
  • the FR 2 004 935 discloses a protective device for catching a fluid escaping into a body of water.
  • the invention is based on the object of collecting a flowing into a body of water or floating in a body of fluid having a density which is equal to or less than the density of water, to separate from water and supply a further processing or disposal.
  • fluids are, for example, oil or gas escaping or leaking from a wellbore.
  • the protective device according to the invention for collecting a fluid escaping into a body of water comprises a fluid-impermeable, optionally dome-shaped membrane made of a suitable material, such as foil or fabric.
  • the membrane may for example be made of a plastic film, which in turn can be vapor-deposited to protect against destruction by the fluid, for example with a metal layer.
  • the Membrane eg consist of a metal mesh, which is coated for sealing with a plastic.
  • Suitable is a flexible material that is resistant to the fluid, d. H. its physical properties do not change upon contact with the fluid. It may also be textile material e.g. Carbon fiber or a metal braid are used, which is coated for sealing with a suitable substance, optionally with a plastic, a polymer based on plant or a biopolymer. Furthermore, certain plastic films or films of a polymer based on plants and possibly biopolymers are suitable.
  • the shape of the membrane and its size are preferably by mechanisms such.
  • An object such as the membrane, is generally referred to as domed when the surfaces of the object each form a surface of a portion of a convex body.
  • a section of a body is to be understood as a partial body whose points are all located on the same side of an unlimited surface, for example a plane.
  • a dome is a section of a body of revolution, which has emerged from a conic.
  • a spherical cap is a section of a sphere.
  • the membrane is in the form of a dome or portion of a convex polyhedron.
  • Floating bodies are preferably attached to the membrane for positioning and stabilizing the membrane. These are individually navigable, ie individually, in all spatial directions. The positioning of the float can be done automatically, ie programmatically or remotely.
  • Remote controlled watercraft ROV, "Remotely Operated Vehicle ”
  • AUV Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
  • protective devices according to the invention can be realized in almost any size. In particular, very large-sized membranes are made possible.
  • the membrane can be closed with a correspondingly shaped or malleable lip.
  • weights ie. H. Elements whose density exceeds the density of water may be appropriate.
  • the membrane floats freely at a predetermined depth, wherein a positioning of the membrane takes place exclusively by the float.
  • the membrane is preferably embedded in the water in the folded state. If floating fluids whose density is equal to the density of water are to be collected in the water, the floats preferably deploy the membrane above the suspended fluids. After that, the membrane is lowered. This has the consequence that the floating fluids are trapped by the membrane and thus collected.
  • the floats When the fluid enters the water from a source, such as a leaked well, and the density of the fluid is less than the density of water, the floats preferably position the membrane in a folded state over the source. Ascending fluid now hits the membrane and enters the membrane. As a result of the buoyancy of the fluid, the membrane unfolds as a result.
  • the density of the membrane is preferably equal to or less than the density of water. This may be due to production or by appropriate specific weight or, if appropriate, by appropriate gas or solid state inclusions.
  • the wall may be depth-related in terms of the specific weight of different manufactured parts.
  • the membrane consists of at least two segments, the densities of the at least two segments differing.
  • the density of a first of the at least two segments is less than the density of a second of the at least two segments, if the first of the at least two segments or the center of gravity of its buoyancy with respect to the water surface are arranged higher, d. H. is closer to the water surface is, as the second of the at least two segments or the center of gravity of its buoyancy.
  • higher segmented segments provide greater lift than deeper segmented segments. This simplifies the positioning of the membrane by the weights and / or floats.
  • One or more outlet hoses are attached to the membrane.
  • the fluid is discharged in the direction of the water surface. If the density of the fluid is lower than the density of water, no pump is required for this purpose.
  • a valve at the interface between the outlet tube and the membrane prevents uncontrolled outflow of the fluid.
  • the valve can be remotely controlled. Alternatively, a controlled by level sensors, automatic actuation of the valve is possible.
  • the outlet tube should be made of a flexible material whose density is preferably equal to or less than the density of water. This can damage the membrane through the outlet hose. Furthermore, the positioning and stabilization of the outlet tube is simplified.
  • Floats of the type described above are attached to the outlet hose for positioning and stabilizing the outlet hose.
  • the outlet tube therefore consists of a plurality of coupled tube segments.
  • the outlet hose If the outlet hose is damaged, there is a risk that the discharged fluid will flow from the damaged area into the water. This is prevented in a preferred embodiment of the invention by at least one check valve which is arranged in the outlet hose so that it can retain fluid flowing from the membrane towards the water surface. If the outlet hose is damaged, the flow velocity increases or the flow direction of the fluid that flows out of the membrane through the outlet hose changes. As soon as the flow velocity has exceeded a threshold value or a reversal of the flow direction takes place, the check valve blocks. If the flow velocity is below the threshold value, however, the check valve is continuous.
  • a conventional mechanical check valve can be installed.
  • a spring-biased check valve can be installed, which can withstand the flow of the fluid only up to a certain flow rate. The spring preload can hold the valve open only up to this flow rate, Thereafter, the valve is closed by the flow or the associated pressure against the spring preload.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention of the protection device therefore has openings, so-called fish or boat store on through which the fish and / or submarines can escape from the membrane into the water.
  • the fish or boot store can be designed as closable, inclined in the direction of the body of water bottom recesses in the membrane. Due to the inclination of the fish or boat store, fluid that flows into the membrane is conducted past the fish or boat gates. As a result, as long as the level of the fluid within the membrane is above the fish or boat store, as a result, hardly any fluid can escape through the fish or boat store into the water. If so much fluid accumulates inside the membrane that the level of the fluid sinks to the fish or boat gate, the fish or boat gates are closed.
  • the fish or boat gates are alternatively designed as a trunk.
  • the first of two openings of the spout is connected to the membrane along the edge of a recess in the membrane.
  • the proboscis is of the same material as the membrane. Ring-shaped reinforcements along the trunk prevent the trunk from collapsing.
  • Floats of the type described above are attached to the trunk for positioning and stabilizing the trunk. So that no fluid can escape from the trunk, the floating bodies align the trunk so that the second, pointing in the direction of the water of the two openings of the trunk is below the level of fluid within the membrane.
  • the fish or boat gates can also serve to compensate for currents that act on the membrane.
  • a second end of the outlet tube is attached in a preferred embodiment of the invention to a surface station for buffering and pumping off the fluid.
  • the density of the outlet tube should be equal to or less than the density of water.
  • the surface station is not fixed, for example by anchoring at the bottom of the water. Instead, the surface station floats freely on the water and can thus follow the movements of the membrane, which is also free-floating.
  • the surface station has one or more controllable or navigable drive units for positioning and stabilization.
  • the surface station can be kept together with a corresponding tank by appropriate floats and Tarier Roaden at a predetermined depth under water.
  • the fluid emerging from the outlet tube in the surface station is preferably collected in a dome-shaped tank associated with the surface station, such as in the manner of cantilevered halls or by means of such devices.
  • the lower opening of the tank is located on or below the water surface. Fluid entering the tank thus floats within the tank on the water surface. Aqueous ingredients that may be are contained in the fluid are separated in this way without the use of specific aids from the fluid and returned to the water.
  • This barrier layer is optionally formed by a liquid filled in the tank whose density is higher than the density of the fluid and lower than the density of water. It can also be designed as a membrane of suitable material - made of film or textile material.
  • the tank is preferably subdivided into several sections.
  • FIG. 1 a protective device 10 is shown whose membrane 12 has been unfolded over a fault 14 in the body of water 15, from which a fluid emerges, or via a defective riser 16, from which a fluid emerges.
  • the individually navigable floating bodies 17 position the membrane 12 so that it is above the fault 14 or above the defective riser 16. If the density of the fluid is less than the density of water, the fluid rises and collects in the membrane 12.
  • reinforcing struts 18 In order to make the membrane 12 resistant to the buoyancy forces of the fluid and to ocean currents, it is provided with reinforcing struts 18.
  • the reinforcing struts 18 may for example also consist of glass fiber reinforced plastic or of a fiber composite material.
  • the membrane 12 can also be stabilized by pressure lines.
  • An adapter block 100 which is mounted at the highest point of the membrane 12, couples the membrane 12 to the outlet tube 102.
  • the adapter block 100 has valves and control mechanisms as well as the necessary measurement and regulatory system. Floats (not shown) position the adapter block 100. Cameras and sensors control the condition and function of the adapter block 100.
  • individually navigable floats 17 hold the outlet hose 102 in position.
  • a valve in the adapter block 100 releases the fluid collected within the diaphragm 12. As a result, this flows through the outlet hose 102 in the surface station 104. Here, the fluid accumulates in the dome-shaped tank 106.
  • This can be made of suitable materials, of film or textile material, but also for example of solids such as steel.
  • At the surface station 104 are all necessary technical connectors 105 for connection to tankers, for environmental disposal or for direct further processing of the fluid.
  • the surface station 104 floats freely on the water surface 107 so that water can enter the tank 106 from below. On the water, inside the tank 106, the fluid floats. Above this, also in the tank 106, is air.
  • the buoyancy of the surface station 104 can be balanced.
  • the surface station 104 has one or more floats 108.
  • a circumferential anchor lip 110 encloses the opening of the tank 106.
  • the anchor lip 110 prevents lateral outflow of the fluid.
  • membrane 12 has a fish gate 20 - a closable, in the direction of the body of water 15 inclined opening - on.
  • the inclination of the fish gate 20 prevents the fluid 22 flowing out of the fault 14 in the body of water 15 from escaping into the water, as long as the filling level of the membrane is still sufficiently small.
  • fish 24 can leave the membrane 12 through the fish gate 20.

Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the invention

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schutzeinrichtung, um Fluide, seien sie gasförmig oder flüssig, am unkontrollierten Entweichen in ein Gewässer, z. B. aus einer Verwerfung im Gewässergrund oder aus der defekten Steigleitung eines Bohrlochs, zu hindern.The invention relates to a protective device to fluids, whether gaseous or liquid, the uncontrolled escape into a body of water, eg. B. from a fault in the river bottom or from the defective riser of a borehole to prevent.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Blow-Out Preventer (BOP) sind Absperrventile, die direkt über dem Bohrloch angebracht werden. Derzeit werden Blow-Out Preventer genutzt, um im Falle einer Beschädigung der Fördereinrichtungen zu verhindern, dass das austretende Fluid unkontrolliert in die Umgebung gelangt.Blow-Out Preventers (BOP) are shut-off valves that are mounted directly above the wellbore. At present, blow-out preventers are used to prevent the escaping fluid from entering the environment uncontrollably in the event of damage to the conveyors.

Die Katastrophe im Golf von Mexiko zeigt aber, dass bisher noch kein schnell einsatzbereiter, funktionsfähiger Mechanismus existiert, um das unkontrollierte Ausströmen von Gasen und Flüssigkeiten wirksam zu unterbinden bzw. entweichende Fluide kontrollieren zu können.The disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, however, shows that there is still no ready - to - use, functioning mechanism to combat the uncontrolled release of gases and gases To effectively prevent liquids or to control escaping fluids.

Als nachteilig erweist sich zum einen der Verlust des Fluids und zum anderen, hier viel bedeutender, die Verseuchung der Umwelt mit den daraus resultierenden Gefahren und Schäden.On the one hand, the loss of the fluid and, on the other hand, much more important prove the contamination of the environment with the resulting dangers and damages.

Die FR 2 004 935 offenbart eine Schutzeinrichtung zum Auffangen eines in ein Gewässer entweichenden Fluids.The FR 2 004 935 discloses a protective device for catching a fluid escaping into a body of water.

Aufgabetask

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein in ein Gewässer einströmendes oder in einem Gewässer schwebendes Fluid mit einer Dichte, die gleich oder geringer ist als die Dichte von Wasser, zu sammeln, von Wasser zu trennen und einer Weiterverarbeitung oder Entsorgung zuzuführen. Derartige Fluide sind zum Beispiel aus einem Bohrloch entweichendes oder entwichenes Öl oder Gas.The invention is based on the object of collecting a flowing into a body of water or floating in a body of fluid having a density which is equal to or less than the density of water, to separate from water and supply a further processing or disposal. Such fluids are, for example, oil or gas escaping or leaking from a wellbore.

Lösungsolution

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. Der Wortlaut sämtlicher Ansprüche wird hiermit durch Bezugnahme zum Inhalt dieser Beschreibung gemacht.This object is achieved by the invention with the features of the independent claim. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims. The wording of all claims is hereby incorporated by reference into the content of this specification.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schutzeinrichtung zum Auffangen eines in ein Gewässer entweichenden Fluids umfasst eine für das Fluid undurchlässige, ggf. kuppelförmige Membran aus einem geeigneten Material, wie etwa Folie oder Gewebe. Die Membran kann beispielsweise aus einer Kunststofffolie gefertigt sein, die ihrerseits zum Schutz vor Zerstörung durch das Fluid z.B. mit einer Metallschicht bedampft werden kann. Alternativ kann die Membran z.B. aus einem Metallgeflecht bestehen, das zur Abdichtung mit einem Kunststoff beschichtet ist.The protective device according to the invention for collecting a fluid escaping into a body of water comprises a fluid-impermeable, optionally dome-shaped membrane made of a suitable material, such as foil or fabric. The membrane may for example be made of a plastic film, which in turn can be vapor-deposited to protect against destruction by the fluid, for example with a metal layer. Alternatively, the Membrane eg consist of a metal mesh, which is coated for sealing with a plastic.

Geeignet ist ein flexibles Material, das gegenüber dem Fluid beständig ist, d. h. dessen physikalische Eigenschaften sich bei Kontakt mit dem Fluid nicht verändern. Es kann auch textiles Material z.B. Kohlenstofffaser oder ein Metallgeflecht zur Anwendung kommen, das zur Abdichtung mit einer geeigneten Substanz, ggf. mit einem Kunststoff, einem Polymer auf pflanzlicher Basis oder einem Biopolymer beschichtet ist. Ferner eignen sich gewisse Kunststofffolien bzw. Folien aus einem Polymer auf pflanzlicher Basis und ggf. Biopolymere.Suitable is a flexible material that is resistant to the fluid, d. H. its physical properties do not change upon contact with the fluid. It may also be textile material e.g. Carbon fiber or a metal braid are used, which is coated for sealing with a suitable substance, optionally with a plastic, a polymer based on plant or a biopolymer. Furthermore, certain plastic films or films of a polymer based on plants and possibly biopolymers are suitable.

Die Form der Membran und ihre Größe werden vorzugsweise durch Mechanismen, wie z. B. durch Reffleinen, Knopfmechanismen, Reißverschlüsse oder entsprechend automatisch kontrollierte Seilzüge den notwendigen Bedingungen angepasst.The shape of the membrane and its size are preferably by mechanisms such. B. adapted by Reffleinen, button mechanisms, zippers or correspondingly automatically controlled cables the necessary conditions.

Ein Objekt, wie etwa die Membran, bezeichnet man allgemein als kuppelförmig, wenn die Oberflächen des Objekts jeweils eine Oberfläche eines Abschnitts eines konvexen Körpers bilden. Unter einem Abschnitt eines Körpers ist ein Teilkörper zu verstehen, dessen Punkte sämtlich auf der gleichen Seite einer unbegrenzten Fläche, beispielsweise einer Ebene, liegen. So ist eine Kalotte ein Abschnitt eines Rotationskörpers, der aus einem Kegelschnitt entstanden ist. Eine Kugelkalotte ist ein Abschnitt einer Kugel. Vorzugsweise hat die Membran die Form einer Kalotte oder eines Abschnitts eines konvexen Polyeders.An object, such as the membrane, is generally referred to as domed when the surfaces of the object each form a surface of a portion of a convex body. A section of a body is to be understood as a partial body whose points are all located on the same side of an unlimited surface, for example a plane. Thus, a dome is a section of a body of revolution, which has emerged from a conic. A spherical cap is a section of a sphere. Preferably, the membrane is in the form of a dome or portion of a convex polyhedron.

Zur Positionierung und Stabilisierung der Membran sind vorzugsweise Schwebekörper an der Membran angebracht. Diese sind individuell, d. h. jeder für sich, in allen Raumrichtungen navigierbar. Die Positionierung der Schwebekörper kann automatisch, das heißt programmgesteuert, oder per Fernsteuerung erfolgen. Zur Verwendung als erfindungsgemäße Schwebekörper eignen sich ferngesteuerte Wasserfahrzeuge (ROV, "Remotely Operated Vehicle") oder autonome Wasserfahrzeuge (AUV, "Autonomous Underwater Vehicle").Floating bodies are preferably attached to the membrane for positioning and stabilizing the membrane. These are individually navigable, ie individually, in all spatial directions. The positioning of the float can be done automatically, ie programmatically or remotely. Remote controlled watercraft (ROV, "Remotely Operated Vehicle ") or autonomous vessels (AUV," Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ").

Durch die Verwendung einer dünnen, flexiblen Membran, die lediglich durch die Schwebekörper gehalten wird, können erfindungsgemäße Schutzeinrichtungen in nahezu beliebiger Größe realisiert werden. Insbesondere werden sehr groß dimensionierte Membranen ermöglicht.By using a thin, flexible membrane, which is held only by the float, protective devices according to the invention can be realized in almost any size. In particular, very large-sized membranes are made possible.

Nach unten hin kann die Membran mit einer entsprechend ausgeformten oder formbaren Lippe abschließen. Statt der Schwebekörper können an der Lippe Gewichte, d. h. Elemente, deren Dichte die Dichte von Wasser übersteigt, angebracht sein. Vorzugsweise schwimmt die Membran aber frei in einer vorbestimmten Tiefe, wobei eine Positionierung der Membran ausschließlich durch die Schwebekörper erfolgt.At the bottom, the membrane can be closed with a correspondingly shaped or malleable lip. Instead of floating bodies, weights, ie. H. Elements whose density exceeds the density of water may be appropriate. Preferably, however, the membrane floats freely at a predetermined depth, wherein a positioning of the membrane takes place exclusively by the float.

Die Membran wird vorzugsweise in gefaltetem Zustand in das Gewässer eingelassen. Sollen in dem Gewässer schwebende Fluide, deren Dichte der Dichte von Wasser gleicht, gesammelt werden, so entfalten vorzugsweise die Schwebekörper die Membran über den schwebenden Fluiden. Hiernach wird die Membran abgesenkt. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die schwebenden Fluide von der Membran eingeschlossen und somit aufgefangen werden.The membrane is preferably embedded in the water in the folded state. If floating fluids whose density is equal to the density of water are to be collected in the water, the floats preferably deploy the membrane above the suspended fluids. After that, the membrane is lowered. This has the consequence that the floating fluids are trapped by the membrane and thus collected.

Strömt das Fluid aus einer Quelle, etwa einem leckgeschlagenen Bohrloch, in das Gewässer ein, und ist die Dichte des Fluids geringer als die Dichte von Wasser, positionieren die Schwebekörper die Membran vorzugsweise in gefaltetem Zustand über der Quelle. Aufsteigendes Fluid trifft nun auf die Membran und strömt in die Membran ein. Aufgrund des Auftriebs des Fluids entfaltet sich infolgedessen die Membran.When the fluid enters the water from a source, such as a leaked well, and the density of the fluid is less than the density of water, the floats preferably position the membrane in a folded state over the source. Ascending fluid now hits the membrane and enters the membrane. As a result of the buoyancy of the fluid, the membrane unfolds as a result.

Um die Handhabung, das heißt die Navigation, die Positionierung und die Stabilisierung der Membran durch die Schwebekörper zu erleichtern, ist die Dichte der Membran vorzugsweise gleich oder geringer als die Dichte von Wasser. Dies kann fertigungsbedingt sein oder durch entsprechendes spezifisches Gewicht oder ggf. durch entsprechende Gas- oder Festkörpereinschlüsse erreicht werden.In order to facilitate the handling, that is the navigation, the positioning and the stabilization of the membrane by the floats, the density of the membrane is preferably equal to or less than the density of water. This may be due to production or by appropriate specific weight or, if appropriate, by appropriate gas or solid state inclusions.

Bei sehr großen Volumina kann die Wandung tiefenbezogen aus in Bezug auf das spezifische Gewicht unterschiedlich gefertigten Anteilen bestehen. Mit anderen Worten: Die Membran besteht aus mindestens zwei Segmenten, wobei die Dichten der mindestens zwei Segmente sich unterscheiden. Vorzugsweise ist dabei die Dichte eines ersten der mindestens zwei Segmente geringer als die Dichte eines zweiten der mindestens zwei Segmente, wenn das erste der mindestens zwei Segmente bzw. der Schwerpunkt von dessen Auftrieb in Bezug zur Wasseroberfläche höher angeordnet, d. h. sich näher an der Wasseroberfläche befindet, ist als das zweite der mindestens zwei Segmente bzw. der Schwerpunkt von dessen Auftrieb. Infolgedessen erzeugen höher angeordnete Segmente einen größeren Auftrieb als tiefer angeordnete Segmente. Dies vereinfacht die Positionierung der Membran durch die Gewichte und/oder Schwebekörper.For very large volumes, the wall may be depth-related in terms of the specific weight of different manufactured parts. In other words, the membrane consists of at least two segments, the densities of the at least two segments differing. Preferably, the density of a first of the at least two segments is less than the density of a second of the at least two segments, if the first of the at least two segments or the center of gravity of its buoyancy with respect to the water surface are arranged higher, d. H. is closer to the water surface is, as the second of the at least two segments or the center of gravity of its buoyancy. As a result, higher segmented segments provide greater lift than deeper segmented segments. This simplifies the positioning of the membrane by the weights and / or floats.

Um eine ordnungsgemäße Funktion der Schutzeinrichtung zu gewährleisten, ist die Installation von Sensoren und/oder Überwachungskameras vorgesehen. Als vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, auch die Schwebekörper mit Kameras auszustatten.In order to ensure proper functioning of the protective device, the installation of sensors and / or surveillance cameras is provided. It has proven to be advantageous to equip the floats with cameras.

An der Membran sind ein oder mehrere Auslassschläuche angebracht. Darüber wird das Fluid in Richtung der Wasseroberfläche abgeführt. Ist die Dichte des Fluids geringer als die Dichte von Wasser, so ist hierzu keine Pumpe erforderlich. Ein Ventil an der Schnittstelle zwischen dem Auslassschlauch und der Membran verhindert ein unkontrolliertes Ausströmen des Fluids. Das Ventil kann ferngesteuert werden. Alternativ ist eine durch Füllstandssensoren gesteuerte, automatische Betätigung des Ventils möglich.One or more outlet hoses are attached to the membrane. In addition, the fluid is discharged in the direction of the water surface. If the density of the fluid is lower than the density of water, no pump is required for this purpose. A valve at the interface between the outlet tube and the membrane prevents uncontrolled outflow of the fluid. The valve can be remotely controlled. Alternatively, a controlled by level sensors, automatic actuation of the valve is possible.

Der Auslassschlauch sollte aus einem flexiblen Material bestehen, dessen Dichte vorzugsweise gleich oder geringer ist als die Dichte von Wasser. Dies kann eine Beschädigung der Membran durch den Auslassschlauch verhindern. Weiterhin vereinfacht sich die Positionierung und Stabilisierung des Auslassschlauchs.The outlet tube should be made of a flexible material whose density is preferably equal to or less than the density of water. This can damage the membrane through the outlet hose. Furthermore, the positioning and stabilization of the outlet tube is simplified.

Zur Positionierung und Stabilisierung des Auslassschlauchs sind Schwebekörper der oben beschriebenen Art (also individuell navigierbar) an dem Auslassschlauch angebracht.Floats of the type described above (ie individually navigable) are attached to the outlet hose for positioning and stabilizing the outlet hose.

In Abhängigkeit von der Tiefe des Gewässers ist ein Auslassschlauch unterschiedlicher Länge erforderlich. Vorzugsweise besteht der Auslassschlauch daher aus mehreren miteinander gekoppelten Schlauchsegmenten.Depending on the depth of the water, an outlet hose of different lengths is required. Preferably, the outlet tube therefore consists of a plurality of coupled tube segments.

Bei einer Beschädigung des Auslassschlauchs besteht die Gefahr, dass das abgeleitete Fluid aus der beschädigten Stelle in das Gewässer strömt. Dies wird in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung durch mindestens ein Rückschlagsventil verhindert, das so in dem Auslassschlauch angeordnet ist, dass es von der Membran in Richtung Wasseroberfläche strömendes Fluid zurückhalten kann. Bei einer Beschädigung des Auslassschlauchs erhöht sich die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit bzw. ändert sich die Flussrichtung des Fluids, das aus der Membran durch den Auslassschlauch strömt. Sobald die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit einen Schwellwert überschritten hat bzw. eine Umkehr der Strömungsrichtung erfolgt, sperrt das Rückschlagventil. Liegt die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit unterhalb des Schwellwertes, ist das Rückschlagventil hingegen durchgängig.If the outlet hose is damaged, there is a risk that the discharged fluid will flow from the damaged area into the water. This is prevented in a preferred embodiment of the invention by at least one check valve which is arranged in the outlet hose so that it can retain fluid flowing from the membrane towards the water surface. If the outlet hose is damaged, the flow velocity increases or the flow direction of the fluid that flows out of the membrane through the outlet hose changes. As soon as the flow velocity has exceeded a threshold value or a reversal of the flow direction takes place, the check valve blocks. If the flow velocity is below the threshold value, however, the check valve is continuous.

Um dies zu erreichen, kann einerseits in einer Flussrichtung ein übliches, mechanisches Rückschlag-Ventil eingebaut sein. Andererseits kann entgegen der Flussrichtung ein durch eine Feder vorgespanntes Rückschlagventil eingebaut sein, das der Strömung des Fluids nur bis zu einer bestimmten Strömungsgeschwindigkeit widerstehen kann. Die Federvorspannung kann das Ventil nur bis zu dieser Strömungsgeschwindigkeit offen halten, danach wird das Ventil durch die Strömung bzw. den damit einhergehenden Druck entgegen der Federvorspannung geschlossen.To achieve this, on the one hand in a flow direction, a conventional mechanical check valve can be installed. On the other hand, opposite to the flow direction, a spring-biased check valve can be installed, which can withstand the flow of the fluid only up to a certain flow rate. The spring preload can hold the valve open only up to this flow rate, Thereafter, the valve is closed by the flow or the associated pressure against the spring preload.

Für Fische und bei einer entsprechenden Größe der Membran auch für U-Boote, die sich im Innern der Membran befinden, stellt das eindringende Fluid eine Gefahr dar. Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung der Schutzeinrichtung weist daher Öffnungen, sogenannte Fisch- bzw. Bootstore, auf, durch welche die Fische und/oder U-Boote aus der Membran in das Gewässer entweichen können.For fish and with a corresponding size of the membrane for submarines, which are located inside the membrane, the penetrating fluid is a danger. A preferred embodiment of the invention of the protection device therefore has openings, so-called fish or boat store on through which the fish and / or submarines can escape from the membrane into the water.

Die Fisch- bzw. Bootstore können als verschließbare, in Richtung des Gewässergrunds geneigte Aussparungen in der Membran ausgeführt sein. Durch die Neigung der Fisch- bzw. Bootstore wird Fluid, dass in die Membran einströmt an den Fisch- bzw. Bootstoren vorbeigeleitet. Solange der Pegel des innerhalb der Membran befindlichen Fluids sich oberhalb der Fisch- bzw. Bootstore befindet, kann infolgedessen kaum Fluid durch die Fisch- bzw. Bootstore in das Gewässer entweichen. Sammelt sich so viel Fluid innerhalb der Membran, dass der Pegel des Fluids bis zu den Fisch- bzw. Bootstore sinkt, werden die Fisch- bzw. Bootstore verschlossen.The fish or boot store can be designed as closable, inclined in the direction of the body of water bottom recesses in the membrane. Due to the inclination of the fish or boat store, fluid that flows into the membrane is conducted past the fish or boat gates. As a result, as long as the level of the fluid within the membrane is above the fish or boat store, as a result, hardly any fluid can escape through the fish or boat store into the water. If so much fluid accumulates inside the membrane that the level of the fluid sinks to the fish or boat gate, the fish or boat gates are closed.

Die Fisch- bzw. Bootstore sind alternativ jeweils als ein Rüssel ausgeführt. Die erste von zwei Öffnungen des Rüssels ist entlang des Randes einer Aussparung in der Membran mit der Membran verbunden. Vorzugsweise besteht der Rüssel aus dem gleichen Material wie die Membran. Ringförmige Verstärkungen entlang des Rüssels verhindern, dass der Rüssel kollabiert.The fish or boat gates are alternatively designed as a trunk. The first of two openings of the spout is connected to the membrane along the edge of a recess in the membrane. Preferably, the proboscis is of the same material as the membrane. Ring-shaped reinforcements along the trunk prevent the trunk from collapsing.

Zur Positionierung und Stabilisierung des Rüssels sind Schwebekörper der oben beschriebenen Art an dem Rüssel angebracht. Damit kein Fluid aus dem Rüssel entweichen kann, richten die Schwebekörper den Rüssel so aus, dass die zweite, in Richtung des Gewässers weisende der zwei Öffnungen des Rüssels sich unterhalb des Pegels des innerhalb der Membran befindlichen Fluids befindet.Floats of the type described above are attached to the trunk for positioning and stabilizing the trunk. So that no fluid can escape from the trunk, the floating bodies align the trunk so that the second, pointing in the direction of the water of the two openings of the trunk is below the level of fluid within the membrane.

Die Fisch- bzw. Bootstore können darüber hinaus dem Ausgleich von Strömungen, die auf die Membran einwirken, dienen.The fish or boat gates can also serve to compensate for currents that act on the membrane.

Ein zweites Ende des Auslassschlauchs ist in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung an einer Oberflächenstation zum Zwischenspeichern und Abpumpen des Fluids angebracht. Damit die Belastung der Oberflächenstation durch die Gewichtskraft des Auslassschlauchs möglichst gering ist, sollte die Dichte des Auslassschlauchs gleich oder geringer als die Dichte von Wasser sein.A second end of the outlet tube is attached in a preferred embodiment of the invention to a surface station for buffering and pumping off the fluid. To minimize the load on the surface station due to the weight of the outlet tube, the density of the outlet tube should be equal to or less than the density of water.

Als vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, dass die Oberflächenstation nicht fixiert ist, etwa durch Verankerung am Boden des Gewässers. Stattdessen schwimmt die Oberflächenstation frei auf dem Gewässer und kann damit den Bewegungen der Membran, die gleichfalls freischwimmend ist, folgen. Vorzugsweise weist die Oberflächenstation eine oder mehrere steuer- bzw. navigierbare Antriebseinheiten zur Positionierung und Stabilisierung auf. Zum Schutz vor Beschädigung durch Unwetter oder zum Schutz vor militärischen Angriffen kann die Oberflächenstation mitsamt einem dazugehörigen Tank auch durch entsprechende Schwebekörper und Tariereinrichtungen in einer vorbestimmten Tiefe unter Wasser gehalten werden.It has proven to be advantageous that the surface station is not fixed, for example by anchoring at the bottom of the water. Instead, the surface station floats freely on the water and can thus follow the movements of the membrane, which is also free-floating. Preferably, the surface station has one or more controllable or navigable drive units for positioning and stabilization. To protect against damage caused by bad weather or to protect against military attacks, the surface station can be kept together with a corresponding tank by appropriate floats and Tariereinrichtungen at a predetermined depth under water.

Das in der Oberflächenstation aus dem Auslassschlauch austretende Fluid wird vorzugsweise in einem kuppelförmigen, zu der Oberflächenstation gehörigen Tank, etwa nach Art freitragender Hallen oder durch entsprechende Einrichtungen in einer solchen gehalten, gesammelt. Dabei befindet sich die untere Öffnung des Tanks auf bzw. unterhalb der Wasseroberfläche. In den Tank eintretendes Fluid schwimmt somit innerhalb des Tanks auf der Wasseroberfläche. Wässrige Bestandteile, die möglicherweise in dem Fluid enthalten sind, werden auf diese Weise ohne den Einsatz spezifischer Hilfsmittel von dem Fluid getrennt und in das Gewässer zurückgeführt.The fluid emerging from the outlet tube in the surface station is preferably collected in a dome-shaped tank associated with the surface station, such as in the manner of cantilevered halls or by means of such devices. In this case, the lower opening of the tank is located on or below the water surface. Fluid entering the tank thus floats within the tank on the water surface. Aqueous ingredients that may be are contained in the fluid are separated in this way without the use of specific aids from the fluid and returned to the water.

An der Trennfläche zwischen dem Fluid und dem Wasser kann es zu einer Konvektion des Fluids in das Wasser kommen. Diesen Effekt unterbindet vorzugsweise eine Sperrschicht zwischen dem Fluid und dem Wasser. Diese Sperrschicht wird ggf. gebildet durch eine in den Tank eingefüllte Flüssigkeit, deren Dichte höher als die Dichte des Fluids und geringer als die Dichte von Wasser ist. Sie kann auch als Membran aus geeignetem Material - aus Folie oder aus textilem Material - ausgeführt werden.At the interface between the fluid and the water, convection of the fluid into the water may occur. This effect preferably prevents a barrier between the fluid and the water. This barrier layer is optionally formed by a liquid filled in the tank whose density is higher than the density of the fluid and lower than the density of water. It can also be designed as a membrane of suitable material - made of film or textile material.

Um zu verhindern, dass bei einer Beschädigung der Oberflächenstation unkontrolliert viel Fluid austreten kann, ist der Tank vorzugsweise in mehrere Sektionen unterteilt.In order to prevent uncontrolled leakage of fluid when the surface station is damaged, the tank is preferably subdivided into several sections.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Merkmale ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit den Unteransprüchen. Hierbei können die jeweiligen Merkmale für sich alleine oder zu mehreren in Kombination miteinander verwirklicht sein. Die Möglichkeiten, die Aufgabe zu lösen, sind nicht auf die Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt.Further details and features will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the subclaims. In this case, the respective features can be implemented on their own or in combination with one another. The possibilities to solve the problem are not limited to the embodiments.

Die Ausführungsbeispiele sind in den Figuren schematisch dargestellt. Gleiche Bezugsziffern in den einzelnen Figuren bezeichnen dabei gleiche oder funktionsgleiche bzw. hinsichtlich ihrer Funktionen einander entsprechende Elemente. Im Einzelnen zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine erfindungsgemäße Schutzeinrichtung mit einem Auslassschlauch sowie einer Oberflächenstation; und
Fig. 2
eine erfindungsgemäße Schutzeinrichtung mit einem Fischtor.
The embodiments are shown schematically in the figures. The same reference numerals in the individual figures designate the same or functionally identical or with respect to their functions corresponding elements. In detail shows:
Fig. 1
a protective device according to the invention with an outlet hose and a surface station; and
Fig. 2
a protective device according to the invention with a fish gate.

In Figur 1 ist eine Schutzeinrichtung 10 dargestellt deren Membran 12 über einer Verwerfung 14 im Gewässergrund 15, aus der ein Fluid austritt, bzw. über einer defekten Steigleitung 16, aus der ein Fluid austritt, entfaltet wurde. Die individuell navigierbaren Schwebekörper 17 positionieren die Membran 12, so dass sie sich über der Verwerfung 14 bzw. über der defekten Steigleitung 16 befindet. Ist die Dichte des Fluids geringer als die Dichte von Wasser, steigt das Fluid auf und sammelt sich in der Membran 12.In FIG. 1 a protective device 10 is shown whose membrane 12 has been unfolded over a fault 14 in the body of water 15, from which a fluid emerges, or via a defective riser 16, from which a fluid emerges. The individually navigable floating bodies 17 position the membrane 12 so that it is above the fault 14 or above the defective riser 16. If the density of the fluid is less than the density of water, the fluid rises and collects in the membrane 12.

Um die Membran 12 widerstandsfähig gegenüber den Auftriebskräften des Fluids und gegenüber Meeresströmungen zu machen, ist sie mit Verstärkungsstreben 18 versehen. Die Verstärkungsstreben 18 können beispielsweise auch aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff oder aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff bestehen. Die Membran 12 kann ebenso durch Druckleitungen stabilisiert werden.In order to make the membrane 12 resistant to the buoyancy forces of the fluid and to ocean currents, it is provided with reinforcing struts 18. The reinforcing struts 18 may for example also consist of glass fiber reinforced plastic or of a fiber composite material. The membrane 12 can also be stabilized by pressure lines.

Ein Adapterblock 100, der an der höchsten Stelle der Membran 12 angebracht ist, koppelt die Membran 12 mit dem Auslassschlauch 102. Der Adapterblock 100 weist Ventile und Steuermechanismen sowie notwendiges Mess- und Regelwerk auf. Schwebekörper (nicht gezeichnet) positionieren den Adapterblock 100. Kameras und Sensoren kontrollieren den Zustand und die Funktion des Adapterblocks 100.An adapter block 100, which is mounted at the highest point of the membrane 12, couples the membrane 12 to the outlet tube 102. The adapter block 100 has valves and control mechanisms as well as the necessary measurement and regulatory system. Floats (not shown) position the adapter block 100. Cameras and sensors control the condition and function of the adapter block 100.

Ebenso halten individuell navigierbare Schwebekörper 17 den Auslassschlauch 102 in Position.Likewise, individually navigable floats 17 hold the outlet hose 102 in position.

Ein Ventil in dem Adapterblock 100 gibt bei Bedarf das innerhalb der Membran 12 gesammelte Fluid frei. Dieses strömt infolgedessen durch den Auslassschlauch 102 in die Oberflächenstation 104. Hier sammelt sich das Fluid in dem kuppelförmigen Tank 106. Dieser kann aus geeigneten Materialen, aus Folie oder textilem Material, aber auch z.B. aus Feststoffen wie Stahl gefertigt sein.If necessary, a valve in the adapter block 100 releases the fluid collected within the diaphragm 12. As a result, this flows through the outlet hose 102 in the surface station 104. Here, the fluid accumulates in the dome-shaped tank 106. This can be made of suitable materials, of film or textile material, but also for example of solids such as steel.

An der Oberflächenstation 104 befinden sich alle notwendigen technischen Konnektoren 105 zum Anschluss an Tankschiffe, zur umweltgemäßen Entsorgung oder zur direkten Weiterverarbeitung des Fluids.At the surface station 104 are all necessary technical connectors 105 for connection to tankers, for environmental disposal or for direct further processing of the fluid.

Die Oberflächenstation 104 schwimmt frei auf der Wasseroberfläche 107, so dass von unten Wasser in den Tank 106 eindringen kann. Auf dem Wasser, innerhalb des Tanks 106, schwimmt das Fluid. Darüber, ebenfalls in dem Tank 106, befindet sich Luft.The surface station 104 floats freely on the water surface 107 so that water can enter the tank 106 from below. On the water, inside the tank 106, the fluid floats. Above this, also in the tank 106, is air.

Durch Änderung des Volumens der Luft kann der Auftrieb der Oberflächenstation 104 austariert werden. Alternativ weist die Oberflächenstation 104 einen oder mehrere Schwimmkörper 108 auf.By changing the volume of the air, the buoyancy of the surface station 104 can be balanced. Alternatively, the surface station 104 has one or more floats 108.

Eine umlaufende Ankerlippe 110 umschließt die Öffnung des Tanks 106. Die Ankerlippe 110 verhindert ein seitliches Abströmen des Fluids.A circumferential anchor lip 110 encloses the opening of the tank 106. The anchor lip 110 prevents lateral outflow of the fluid.

Die in Figur 2 dargestellte Membran 12 weist ein Fischtor 20 - eine verschließbare, in Richtung des Gewässergrunds 15 geneigte Öffnung - auf. Durch die Neigung des Fischtors 20 wird verhindert, dass das aus der Verwerfung 14 im Gewässergrund 15 ausströmende Fluid 22 in das Gewässer entweichen kann, solange der Füllstand der Membran noch hinreichend klein ist. Demgegenüber können Fische 24 die Membran 12 durch das Fischtor 20 verlassen.In the FIG. 2 shown membrane 12 has a fish gate 20 - a closable, in the direction of the body of water 15 inclined opening - on. The inclination of the fish gate 20 prevents the fluid 22 flowing out of the fault 14 in the body of water 15 from escaping into the water, as long as the filling level of the membrane is still sufficiently small. In contrast, fish 24 can leave the membrane 12 through the fish gate 20.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

1010
Schutzeinrichtungguard
1212
Membranmembrane
1414
Verwerfungrejection
1515
Gewässergrundbody of water
1616
defekte Steigleitungdefective riser
1717
Schwebekörperfloat
1818
Verstärkungsstrebereinforcing strut
100100
Adapterblockadapter block
102102
Auslassschlauchoutlet hose
104104
Oberflächenstationsurface station
105105
Konnektorconnector
106106
Tanktank
107107
Wasseroberflächewater surface
108108
Schwimmkörperfloat
110110
Ankerlippeanchor lip
2020
FischtorFischtor
2222
Fluidfluid
2424
Fischfish

Claims (6)

  1. Protective device (10) for collecting a fluid (22) escaping into a body of water, wherein the density of the fluid (22) is equal to or less than the density of water, with
    a) a dome-shaped membrane (12) that is impervious to the fluid (22);
    b) at least one outlet hose (102) for extracting the fluid (22), a first end of the outlet hose (102) being attached to the membrane (12); and characterized by
    c) individually navigable flotation devices (17) that are attached to the membrane (12) for the purpose of positioning and stabilizing the membrane (12);
    d) individually navigable flotation devices (17) that are attached to the outlet hose (102) for the purpose of positioning and stabilizing the outlet hose (102).
  2. Protective device (10) according to the preceding claim,
    characterized in that
    the outlet hose (102) consists of a plurality of hose segments coupled to one another.
  3. Protective device (10) according to either one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the outlet hose (102) has at least one non-return valve, the non-return valve closing as soon as the flow velocity of the fluid (22) flowing out of the membrane (12) through the outlet hose (102) exceeds a threshold value or the flow direction of the fluid (22) is reversed.
  4. Protective device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the membrane (12) has at least one opening (20) in order to allow fish (24) and/or submersibles to pass.
  5. Protective device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterized by
    a surface station (104) for intermediately storing and pumping off the fluid (22), a second end of the outlet hose (102) being attached to the surface station (104).
  6. Protective device (10) according to the preceding claim,
    characterized in that
    the surface station (104) has a dome-shaped tank (106) for collecting the fluid (22).
EP11730962.5A 2010-07-13 2011-07-08 Safeguarding arrangement for collecting a fluid escaping into a body of water Not-in-force EP2593639B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102010027062 2010-07-13
DE102010051164A DE102010051164A1 (en) 2010-07-13 2010-11-15 Protective device for catching a fluid escaping into a body of water
PCT/EP2011/061656 WO2012007389A2 (en) 2010-07-13 2011-07-08 Safeguarding arrangement for collecting a fluid escaping into a body of water

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EP2593639A2 (en) 2013-05-22
CA2802947C (en) 2015-08-18
ES2495998T3 (en) 2014-09-18
CN203374258U (en) 2014-01-01
CA2802947A1 (en) 2012-01-19
HK1185393A1 (en) 2014-02-14
US9328471B2 (en) 2016-05-03
RU2013103428A (en) 2014-08-20
US20130108369A1 (en) 2013-05-02
JP3184629U (en) 2013-07-11
WO2012007389A2 (en) 2012-01-19
DE102010051164A1 (en) 2012-01-19
RU2555178C2 (en) 2015-07-10
WO2012007389A3 (en) 2012-06-21

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