EP2592343A1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verbrennen von organischen Stoffen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verbrennen von organischen Stoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2592343A1
EP2592343A1 EP12191857.7A EP12191857A EP2592343A1 EP 2592343 A1 EP2592343 A1 EP 2592343A1 EP 12191857 A EP12191857 A EP 12191857A EP 2592343 A1 EP2592343 A1 EP 2592343A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke
module
liquid
duct
tank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12191857.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Luis Rodriguez Garrell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2592343A1 publication Critical patent/EP2592343A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/00001—Treating oxidant before combustion, e.g. by adding a catalyst

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to an apparatus for burning organic matter, comprising a number of conduits for the intake of air, a number of magnets arranged in said conduits, a combustion chamber where said conduits lead to and where the organic matter is burnt, and a module for treating the smoke produced in the combustion chamber. It is also related to a method for burning organic matter that employs an apparatus of this kind.
  • 'organic matter' means any substance comprising organic compounds, which are carbon-based compounds. And, instead of speaking of 'normal combustion', it is preferred to speak of slow or 'latent combustion', since the process is flameless. This is the meaning of the word 'burning' herein.
  • the module for smoke treatment comprises a duct for the circulation of smoke through the module, four nozzles for spraying a liquid into said duct, a first tank for collecting said liquid after it has flowed through the smoke, a second tank connected to the first tank to receive liquid therefrom, a filter arranged at the entrance to the second tank, and a tube for recirculating the liquid from the second tank to the nozzles.
  • the sprayed liquid which can be water or an aqueous solution, seizes most of the dioxins and other toxic or polluting components present in the smoke. With less than four nozzles the seizures are insufficient. The recirculation of the liquid produces positive effects too:
  • the interception of potentially clogging particles can be enhanced by including one or more filters, for example cord filters, before the nozzles.
  • the apparatus comprises sixteen conduits for the intake of air, although they may also be twenty eight or more conduits for the intake of air.
  • Said conduits may be divided in two groups, each group reaching the combustion chamber at different sides, for example at opposite sides thereof, which contributes to a more homogeneous latent combustion in the combustion chamber.
  • magnets there may be two or more of said magnets in each conduit for the intake of air, for example three, although there may also be three magnets in some conduits and two magnets in the other conduits for the intake of air.
  • the magnets may be permanent or may be electro-magnets.
  • An embodiment comprises an input chamber for the input of organic matter, and said input chamber may be provided with a lid, in order to open and close the input chamber, and a gate to the combustion chamber, whereby the gate can be kept closed while the organic matter is put into said input chamber through the open lid, and the lid can be kept closed when the gate is open and the organic matter is put into the combustion chamber.
  • the organic matter can be entered without having to open the combustion chamber, thus preventing the smoke in the latter from backfiring to the outside.
  • the diameter of the outlets of the nozzles is at least 0,5 mm, although it can be at least 0,7 mm. Since the filter arranged at the entrance to the second tank can be configured to intercept particles of a size bigger than 0,2 or 0,3 mm, it is unlikely that said nozzles are clogged.
  • the apparatus may comprise a heat exchanger to transmit heat from the smoke to a fluid.
  • Said fluid may be hot domestic water or may be used for heating purposes or to generate electricity.
  • connection between the duct and the first tank almost reaches the bottom thereof, and the equivalent pressure at the height of liquid in the first tank is higher than the pressure of the smoke in the duct for the circulation thereof. In this way the smoke will not escape through said first tank.
  • the circulation duct may comprise two or more vertical sections, for example four, at least two nozzles being arranged in one of said vertical sections, for example three nozzles.
  • the nozzles arranged in the same section can be placed at different heights.
  • the apparatus may comprise a first module for smoke treatment like the one just described, and a second similar or like module for smoke treatment, such that the duct for the circulation of smoke through the first module is connected to the combustion chamber, and the duct for the circulation of smoke through the second module is connected to the exit of the duct for the circulation of smoke through the first module.
  • the apparatus may be big, it shall have enough capacity to treat the smoke produced in the burning.
  • the first tanks of each module may be connected to each other at their bottom regions, and the second tanks of each module may be connected to each other at their bottom regions, so that the liquid level is the same in the connected tanks and only one recirculation tube is needed.
  • An embodiment comprises two fabric filters in the duct for the circulation of smoke downstream from the last nozzle, one of said fabric filters being finer than the other and being arranged inside the other and downstream therefrom, so that the finer filter can be readily replaced more frequently than the other filter.
  • An activated carbon filter may be provided downstream from said fabric filters and, afterwards, there may be some deflectors to finish cooling the smoke.
  • a ventilator may be employed at the smoke outlet to regulate the flow-rate of smoke in the system.
  • the concentration of dioxins in the expelled smoke is normally lower than 0.05 ng-TEQ/m3.
  • a method for burning organic matter that employs an apparatus like the one defined in preceding paragraphs, wherein the magnets magnetize the air that is brought into the combustion chamber and the burning takes place at less than 350°C, for instance at less than 300°C.
  • the smoke production is lowered and the smoke treatment is simplified.
  • the flow-rate of removal of smoke also has an influence on the speed of the latent combustion and, therefore, on the combustion temperature, but said flow-rate can be set to a low enough level by virtue of the treatment the smoke undergoes in the corresponding module or modules. It is worth recalling that the latent combustion of organic matter goes on without the provision of any other fuel.
  • the configuration may be such that the sense of circulation of the smoke in a vertical section of the duct for the circulation of smoke through the module is contrary to the sense of circulation of the smoke in the adjacent vertical section of the duct, so that in some sections the nozzles will spray the liquid in the same sense than the stream of smoke and in other sections the nozzles will spray the liquid in the opposite sense to the stream of smoke.
  • a chemical product may be added to the liquid to dissolve a bigger proportion of the seized smoke waste particles, in order to prevent the thickening of the liquid.
  • the total volume of liquid and the flow-rate thereof are such that the temperature of the liquid is kept below 45°C, for example below 40°C, whereby the evaporation of said liquid is small.
  • An apparatus can operate uninterruptedly during weeks, or even months, because the input of organic matter can proceed without stopping the latent combustion, as the smoke cannot escape either through the input chamber or at the module for smoke treatment, and the liquid recirculated within said module, by virtue of its filtering and possible chemical treatment, can go on seizing pollutants during quite a long time.
  • a fabric filter for instance, it is again not necessary to stop the operation of the apparatus or to wait the end of a cycle, since the passage of smoke can be shut for a little while just before said fabric filter and the system can undergo the slight increase in smoke that is produced therein, thanks to the liquid that cleanse it and the recirculation of said liquid.
  • An apparatus comprises a first part where the burning of the organic matter takes place, a second part 3 for purifying the smoke produced in said burning (latent combustion), and a third part for removing the purified smoke.
  • the first part comprises a combustion chamber 1, which is where the latent combustion takes place, provided with an air inlet 12 and a smoke outlet 13, an input chamber 5 for the input of the organic matter that is to be burnt, said input chamber being separated from the combustion chamber by a gate 11 and being provided with a lid 51, a plurality of tubes or conduits 21 for the intake of air into the combustion chamber that are clustered in one or more sets 2, and a ventilator 4 to draw air through said tubes 21 into the combustion chamber 1.
  • a combustion chamber 1 which is where the latent combustion takes place, provided with an air inlet 12 and a smoke outlet 13, an input chamber 5 for the input of the organic matter that is to be burnt, said input chamber being separated from the combustion chamber by a gate 11 and being provided with a lid 51, a plurality of tubes or conduits 21 for the intake of air into the combustion chamber that are clustered in one or more sets 2, and a ventilator 4 to draw air through said tubes 21 into the combustion chamber 1.
  • each set 2 may be two sets 2, each set having 14 tubes 21 and a ventilator 4, so that each set 2 leads into the combustion chamber 1 at opposite sides thereof (or at least at spaced positions therein), in which case there are two air inlets 12 into the combustion chamber 1, one such inlet for each set of tubes.
  • Each tube 21 may comprise one or more magnets 22, for example three magnets 22 successively arranged, through which the intake of air is passed and is magnetized; it is understood herein that the term "magnet” may include any element capable to generate a magnetic field, for example an electromagnet or a permanent magnet.
  • Each magnet 22 can be fastened to one or more of the tube walls and can have a hole for the passage of air therethrough.
  • the organic matter is not put straight into the combustion chamber 1, but it is put into the input chamber 5 with the gate 11 being closed; said gate is not opened while the lid 51 is open but, once said lid is closed, the gate 11 can be opened and thus allow the input of organic matter into the combustion chamber 1, whereby the latter is never opened to the atmosphere and the smoke can neither blow out of the combustion chamber nor out of the apparatus.
  • the lid 51 and the gate 11 can be hydraulically driven.
  • the latent combustion proceeds at low temperature, normally at less than 370°C or even at less than 300°C, although this depends on the type of organic matter that is to be burnt.
  • the latent combustion produces a smoke that contains toxic components which cannot suitably be thrown into the atmosphere or are forbidden therefrom. Said smoke leaves the combustion chamber 1 through the outlet 13 and reaches the second part 3 of the apparatus through a tube 100, the smoke being treated and purified in said second part.
  • a heat exchanger 6 can be inserted between the first and the second part, wherein the smoke that leaves the combustion chamber 1 heats a liquid (e.g. water) to take advantage of the heat of the latent combustion (a heat exchanger may be also provided in the combustion chamber 1 itself).
  • a heat exchanger may be also provided in the combustion chamber 1 itself.
  • the ashes that remain in the combustion chamber 1 can be removed with a worm screw (not shown) located below the chamber.
  • the second part 3 comprises one or several modules (for example two modules arranged in series) for smoke treatment.
  • the duct 100 for the circulation of smoke meanders through said modules, in such a way that it presents upward sections and downward sections, for instance vertical sections; each module can have four such vertical sections.
  • Each section includes one or several nozzles 325 that, shower-like, spray a liquid (e.g. water) over the whole cross-section of the tube 100, in order to seize most of the polluting or toxic particles present in the smoke.
  • the sprayed liquid is collected in the bottom of the (vertical) section, where the tube 100 changes direction, and is gravitationally drained through a downward tube 301 into a tank 302: each module for smoke treatment can have one tank 302.
  • the tubes 301 extend to near the bottom of the tanks 302, so that the height of liquid above the lower end of tubes 301 prevents the smoke from escaping through the tanks 302.
  • Another tank 306 is arranged next to each tank 302,and a tube 303 is included between a pair of tanks 302 and 306; a pump 304 is arranged on said tube 303 to pump liquid from the tank 302 into the tank 306.
  • the tanks 302 and 306 can be located at about the same height or at different heights.
  • a filter 305 is arranged at the entrance to the tank 306 to filter many of the particles in the liquid from the tank 302; it may be a filter with a pass of 0.16-0,22 mm, for example of 0.19 mm.
  • the various tanks 302 may be connected with ducts 310 so that the liquid may be at the same level in all of them, and the same arrangement can be applied to the tanks 306 (connected with ducts 311).
  • the liquid is recirculated from the tanks 306 to the nozzles 325 through a tube 320 under the drive of a pump 321.
  • One or several filters 322 can be arranged in the tube 320 so that the liquid may reach the nozzles 325 almost devoid of impurities. This is important because the operation of the modules for smoke treatment depends on the continuous spraying of the smoke with liquid from the nozzles 325, and so the nozzles should not clog. It is thus necessary to prevent sizable particles from reaching the nozzles.
  • the filter 322 may be a cord-filter.
  • the liquid can be further diluted by being added suitable chemicals. Even though the liquid is recirculated, it may eventually be necessary to replace the "dirty" liquid with "clean” liquid, perhaps at the end of a working cycle of the apparatus. Said "dirty” liquid is a relatively small volume thereof and can be easily treated.
  • the third part of the apparatus is located on a tube 200 that circulates the smoke out of the second part 3; said third part is charged with the removal of the purified smoke.
  • a set 7 of two fabric filters can be arranged on the tube 200 and can be configured as follows: one of said fabric filters is finer than the other and is arranged inside the other and downstream therefrom, whereby the finer filter gets dirtier but is easier to clean.
  • a filter of activated carbon may be arranged downstream from the fabric filters 7 and, afterwards, some deflectors 8 and 9 can be arranged sloping downwards and in a staggered formation (see fig. 1 ), said deflectors capturing a part of the heat still present in the smoke.
  • a ventilator 10 for removing the residual smoke from the apparatus may regulate the flow rate of smoke that circulates through the second part 3 and may also influence the rate of the combustion of the organic matter in the combustion chamber 1.
  • a valve can be included between the second part 3 and the fabric filters 7, in order to be able to close the input of smoke to the third part. This may be useful when the finer fabric filter (or, if necessary, both fabric filters 7) has to be replaced, because then there is no need to stop the latent combustion in the combustion chamber 1, and the escape of still non-purified smoke to the atmosphere is also avoided, since during said maintenance operation it is feasible to increase the amount of smoke in the second part 3 without allowing it to escape outside though the tanks 302.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
EP12191857.7A 2011-11-09 2012-11-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verbrennen von organischen Stoffen Withdrawn EP2592343A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201131799 2011-11-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2592343A1 true EP2592343A1 (de) 2013-05-15

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EP12191857.7A Withdrawn EP2592343A1 (de) 2011-11-09 2012-11-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verbrennen von organischen Stoffen

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2360130A1 (de) * 1973-12-03 1975-06-05 Otto Huthmann Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ausscheiden von umweltverschmutzenden stoffen aus abgasen
WO2007007356A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-01-18 Giuseppe Arena Suction, filtering and deodorizing device and system of gaseous effluents
JP2008175511A (ja) * 2007-01-22 2008-07-31 Takeshi Kawahara 廃棄物処理装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2360130A1 (de) * 1973-12-03 1975-06-05 Otto Huthmann Verfahren und vorrichtung zum ausscheiden von umweltverschmutzenden stoffen aus abgasen
WO2007007356A1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2007-01-18 Giuseppe Arena Suction, filtering and deodorizing device and system of gaseous effluents
JP2008175511A (ja) * 2007-01-22 2008-07-31 Takeshi Kawahara 廃棄物処理装置

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