EP2583353B1 - Hochfrequenzantenne - Google Patents

Hochfrequenzantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2583353B1
EP2583353B1 EP11735491.0A EP11735491A EP2583353B1 EP 2583353 B1 EP2583353 B1 EP 2583353B1 EP 11735491 A EP11735491 A EP 11735491A EP 2583353 B1 EP2583353 B1 EP 2583353B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
sections
pair
conductive
conductive elements
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EP11735491.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2583353A1 (de
Inventor
Thierry Thomas
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Priority to PL11735491T priority Critical patent/PL2583353T3/pl
Publication of EP2583353A1 publication Critical patent/EP2583353A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H01Q21/10—Collinear arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
    • H01Q7/04—Screened antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to antennas and, more particularly, to the production of a high frequency inductive antenna.
  • the invention applies more particularly to antennas intended for multi-MHz radiofrequency transmissions, for example for transmission systems of contactless card type, with RFID tag, with electromagnetic transponder.
  • the figure 1 represents, very schematically, an example of an inductive type transmission system of the type to which the present invention applies by way of example.
  • Such a system comprises a reader or base station 1 generating an electromagnetic field capable of being picked up by one or more transponders 2 situated in its field.
  • These transponders 2 are, for example, an electronic tag 2 'attached to an object in order to identify it, a contactless smart card 2 "or more generally any electromagnetic transponder (symbolized by a block 2 in figure 1 ).
  • a series resonant circuit consists of a resistor r, a capacitor C1 and an element inductive L1 or antenna. This circuit is excited by a controlled high frequency generator 12 (HF) (link 14) by other non-represented circuits of the base station 1.
  • HF controlled high frequency generator 12
  • a high frequency carrier is generally modulated (in amplitude and / or in phase) to transmit information to the transponder.
  • Transponder side 2 a resonant circuit, generally parallel, comprises an inductive element or antenna L2 in parallel with a capacitor C2 and with a load R representing the electronic circuits 22 of the transponder 2.
  • This resonant circuit captures, when in the reader field, the high frequency signal transmitted by the base station.
  • these circuits symbolized by a block 22 including one or more chips are connected to an antenna L2 generally carried by the support of the card.
  • the inductive element L2 is formed of a conductive winding connected to an electronic chip 22.
  • the transponders are generally devoid of autonomous power supply and collect the energy necessary for their operation of the magnetic field produced by the base station 1.
  • the base station is used to recharge a battery or other energy storage element of the transponder.
  • the high frequency field radiated by the base station is then not necessarily modulated to transmit information.
  • the conducting circuit is most often a closed circuit along which the current for producing the radiofrequency magnetic field.
  • the closed conductive circuit is powered by the radiofrequency generator 12.
  • the current flow to produce the magnetic field along the conductor is no longer provided in a simple manner.
  • the amplitude and phase of the current have large variations along the circuit that no longer allow operation of the inductive loop antenna.
  • the transponders are generally in motion (worn by a user) when presented to a base station and it is desirable that they can capture the field even in this movement.
  • it is desired that the size of the area where the communication with a transponder is possible is important.
  • it is advantageous to use a large inductive loop to ensure an important range of communication.
  • the length of the inductive loops is therefore classically limited.
  • An object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide an inductive antenna that overcomes all or part of the disadvantages of conventional antennas.
  • Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide an antenna particularly suitable for transmissions in a frequency range from MHz to the hundred MHz.
  • Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide an inductive antenna of large size (inscribed in a surface at least ten times greater) with respect to the antennas of the transponders with which it is intended to cooperate.
  • Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide an antenna structure compatible with various traces.
  • the conductive sections are elongated, the antenna forming a loop of any geometry in space.
  • the respective lengths of the conductive elements are chosen according to the resonance frequency of the antenna.
  • the respective lengths of the conductive elements are chosen according to the linear capacitance between the first and second conductive elements.
  • At least one capacitive element interconnects the second conductive elements of neighboring pairs or the first and second conductive elements of the same pair.
  • At least one resistive element interconnects the second conductive elements of neighboring pairs or the first and second conductive elements of the same pair.
  • each section is a section of coaxial cable.
  • the sections are formed of twisted conductive elements.
  • said excitation circuit comprises a high frequency transformer, a secondary winding is interposed between the first conductive elements of two pairs adjacent to the antenna.
  • the figure 2 is a schematic representation of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • connection 4 between two neighboring pairs is performed only by one of the conductive elements.
  • this connection 4 between two neighboring pairs is effected by the respective braids of the sections of the two pairs facing each other.
  • the other conductive element is unconnected, that is to say that in the example of the figure 2 , the souls of two neighboring pairs are not connected.
  • the figure 3 is a schematic representation of a pair 3 of two sections 32 and 34 of the antenna of the figure 2 , corresponding to a first type of pair of sections.
  • the conductive core 324 of the section 32 is connected to the braid (or shield) 342 of the section 34, and the Braid 322 of the section 32 is connected to the web 344 of the section 34.
  • the figure 4 is a schematic representation of another embodiment of an antenna.
  • Two pairs 3 of sections 32 and 34 of the first type are connected alternately with two pairs of sections 52 and 54 of coaxial cable in which the central connection 56 of the sections is different.
  • the sections 52 and 54 are connected by their respective cores 524 and 544 while their braids 522 and 542 are not connected.
  • the electrical connections of the end-to-end pairs always take place via a connection 4 of the braids with each other while the cores are not connected.
  • pairs of both types may vary. However, pairs of the first type are more advantageous.
  • a pair of the first type allows at the crossing an exposed area, which decreases the sensitivity of the circuit parasitic disturbances.
  • the pairs of sections may have a length two times smaller than for a pair of the second type. The reduction in length facilitates the realization of the antenna.
  • the value of the inductance L0 associated with a pair of the first type can then be half of that associated with a pair of the second type.
  • the electric voltage present between the first conductors in the connection zone 36 of the two sections of a pair of the first type is then two times lower than the electrical voltage in the connection zone 56 of a pair of the second type.
  • the connection area within a pair is an exposed area which conditions the sensitivity of the circuit to parasitic disturbances especially as the voltage is important in this area. Reducing tension This zone brought by the pair of the first type allows a reduction of the sensitivity to the disturbances.
  • the figure 5 represents the electrical layout of the first type of pair of sections.
  • the Figure 5A represents the equivalent electric diagram of the pair of the figure 5 .
  • a pair 3 of sections 32 and 34 has two terminals 42 and 44 for connection to neighboring pairs.
  • the terminal 42 is connected to a first conductive element 322 of the section 32 which, by its other end, is connected, by the crossed interconnection 36, to a second conductive element 344 of the section 34, a free end 3441 (terminal side 44) is not connected.
  • the second conductive element 324 of the section 32 has a free end 3241 (terminal side 42) and its other end connected via the connection 36 to the first conducting section 342 of the section 34, the other end of which is connected to the terminal 44.
  • FIG. 5A The equivalent electrical diagram of such a pair is represented in Figure 5A and amounts to disposing electrically, in series, an inductance of value L0 and a capacitor of value C0, where L0 represents the inductance corresponding to the association of the sections of conductors 322 and 342 considered as one and the same conductor for the calculation of this value, and where C0 represents the set of internal capacities, between core and braid in the case of a coaxial cable - between the two conductors (between the conductors 322 and 324 and between the conductors 342 and 344) in the case of other achievements.
  • L0 represents the inductance corresponding to the association of the sections of conductors 322 and 342 considered as one and the same conductor for the calculation of this value
  • C0 represents the set of internal capacities, between core and braid in the case of a coaxial cable - between the two conductors (between the conductors 322 and 324 and between the conductors 342 and 344) in the case of other achievements.
  • the figure 6 represents the electrical pattern of the second type of pair of sections.
  • the Figure 6A represents the equivalent electric diagram of the pair of the figure 6 .
  • a first conductor 522 of a first section 52 is connected to a first access terminal 42 and its other end 5222 is left in the air (unconnected).
  • a first conductive element 542 of a second section 54 is, on the side 52, left in the air (end 5422) and, at its other end, connected to the access terminal 44 to the pair 5.
  • the second conductor 524 of the first section 52 is connected, by the interconnection 56, to the second conductor 544 of the second section 54.
  • the ends 5241 and 5441 of the sections 524 and 544 are left in the air.
  • the pair 5 returns to a series connection of an inductive element of value L0 with a capacitive element of value C0 / 4, where L0 represents the inductance corresponding to the association of the conductor sections 522 and 542 and C0 the set of internal capacitors (between the conductors 522 and 524 and between the conductors 542 and 544).
  • LC ⁇ 2 1.
  • Form an antenna with several pairs of sections of the type of Figures 5 and 6 allows splitting the electrical circuit and avoids inductive elements of too great length in which the current flowing along the inductive loop circuit would fail to have a homogeneous amplitude and phase along the circuit. Indeed, the connection of the pairs between them is to connect in series several resonant circuits of the same resonance frequency.
  • the length of inductive antennas is no longer limited.
  • the different pairs of sections do not necessarily have the same lengths, provided that each pair respects, if necessary with the interposition of a capacitor connected between two conductors at a junction between two pairs, the resonance relationship.
  • the figure 7 represents an embodiment of an inductive antenna and excitation and control circuits.
  • the antenna here comprises three pairs 3 of the first type.
  • the excitation circuit 18 is a high frequency transformer whose primary 182 receives an excitation signal from the high frequency generator 12 ( figure 1 ) and the two terminals of the secondary 184 are connected to the terminals 42 and 44 of two adjacent pairs instead of their interconnection 4.
  • the secondary winding thus forms the connection between these two pairs.
  • the transformer will preferably be chosen to reduce the secondary side a negligible inductance at the operating frequency before the L0 value, which is for example the case when the coupling is close to 1.
  • an adjusting circuit 16 connects the free ends 3241 and 3441 of the conductors 324 and 344 of these two pairs which are thus connected.
  • This circuit 16 is, in the example of the figure 7 , a resistive circuit (resistor R4) and capacitive circuit (capacitor C4).
  • the role of the capacitor C4 is to adjust the resonance frequency of the antenna.
  • the role of resistor R4 is to set the quality factor Q of the antenna to a value chosen, for example, to adjust the bandwidth.
  • Capacitors may be interposed between different pairs, connected between the conducting elements of the same section, between conducting elements left free (here the cores of the coaxial sections) and the connection point 42 or 44 (here the braids of the coaxial sections), or between the leads left free of the interconnected sections of each pair, to decrease the resonance frequency.
  • resistive elements may be connected between the free ends of the conductive elements between two pairs to adjust and lower the quality factor of the antenna thus formed. Resistive elements can also be inserted in place of an interconnection 4 between two pairs to lower and adjust the quality factor.
  • the shape to be given to the different sections is not necessarily rectilinear. As illustrated by figure 7 , the sections can follow various tracks.
  • the closed antenna of the invention can follow the outline of a frame, make loops, follow a rounded shape, follow shapes in three dimensions of space, etc.
  • control circuits have been illustrated with a connection between the pairs. Note that alternatively and in the case of pairs of the second type (5), such circuits could be inserted within the pairs of sections. In this case, for the introduction a capacitor, it connects the two free ends not interconnected elements 522 and 542.
  • Resistive elements may also be inserted in place of the connections between conductors of the two sections of the same pair (of the first type 3 and the second type 5) at the junction 36 and 56 to lower the quality factor.
  • FIGS. 8A, 8B and 9 represent pairs of conductive sections according to another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment illustrates that pairs of conductive sections can be made by means of twisted conductors rather than means of coaxial sections.
  • the Figures 8A and 8B represents two embodiments of a pair of sections 3 of the first type.
  • the Figure 8B represents another embodiment of a pair of cross-interconnecting sections in which the crossing is in fact obtained by inverting the conductor to which the output terminal (for example 44) is connected with respect to that on which the terminal is connected input (for example 42), the conductive sections are not interrupted within the pair.
  • the figure 9 represents an embodiment of a pair of sections 52 and 54 of the second type, made by twisted conductors.
  • the pairs of sections are made with non-twisted conductors, shielded or not.
  • the pairs of sections are made by tracks deposited on an insulating substrate.
  • a conductive element is, in the case of a cross connection ( figures 3 , 5 and 8A ) formed of two electrically series portions of conductive wires (core or braid) different from the cable used so that each connection terminal is connected to the conductor of the same nature (braid or core) of the subassembly while being not electrically connected to the other terminal.
  • the sections can be formed by cutting off usual coaxial lines. They are commonly available with characteristic 50, 75 and 93 ohm impedances with linear capacitance values of 100 pF / m, 60 pF / m and 45 pF / m, respectively.
  • characteristic 50, 75 and 93 ohm impedances with linear capacitance values of 100 pF / m, 60 pF / m and 45 pF / m, respectively.
  • L0 inductances of the order of ⁇ H.
  • the figure 10 is a schematic representation of an antenna according to another embodiment.
  • the antenna comprises at least two pairs (of the first type 3, figure 5 or the second type 5, figure 6 ) sections, each formed of parallel conductive elements and isolated from each other.
  • pairs of coaxial cable sections In the example of the figure 10 , it is assumed pairs of coaxial cable sections.
  • This structure is completed by an additional half-pair consisting of two conductive elements of the first type 32, 34 or the second type 52, 54. Where appropriate, the half-pair is not terminating the antenna but is interposed between two pairs. The presence of the extra half pair can be used to adjust the length of the antenna.
  • the figure 11 is a schematic representation of a variant according to which two coaxial cable segments 61 and 63 are mechanically arranged side by side in parallel and their braids are electrically connected to each other, at least at both ends to form a single first conductive element (connection 67).
  • the cores are electrically connected to form a single second conductive member (connection 65 at one end).
  • Each element of the type illustrated in figure 11 constitutes a section 32, 34, 52 or 54 of the antenna structure.
  • the capacitance between the shielding and the conductive core is more advantageously used to make inductive and capacitive sections, having a higher capacitance (which can therefore be shorter for the same frequency). only in a wire element embodiment.
  • An advantage of the embodiments that have been described is that they allow the realization of large antennas for applications at resonant frequencies above the MHz (typically between 10 and 100 MHz). We can create antennas on portals, counters, etc. while having a homogeneous flow of current along the loop to produce the desired field.
  • an antenna adapted to operate at a frequency of 13.56 MHz can be produced in the form of a rectangular loop of approximately 87 cm by 75 cm made up of three pairs of conductors (three two sections) of the first type of 50 ohm coaxial cable, 100 pF / m (3.5 mm braid diameter), divided into two pairs in an approximately 1.07 m long L-shaped track (with inductance L0 of about 1.22 ⁇ H or 1.21 ⁇ H taking into account the mutual inductance) and a pair in a U-shaped path of about 1.08 m in extended length (having an inductance L0 of about 1, 20 ⁇ H or 1.19 ⁇ H taking into account the mutual inductances).
  • the resonance frequency can be adjusted by a variable capacitor.

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Claims (12)

  1. Eine induktive Antenne, die mindestens zwei Paare von geometrisch aneinanderstoßenden Abschnitten (32, 34; 52, 54) aufweist, wobei jeder erste (322, 342; 522, 542) und zweite (324, 344; 524, 544) parallele voneinander isolierte leitende Elemente aufweist, wobei jedes Paar an jedem Ende einen einzigen elektrischen Verbindungsanschluss (42, 44) seines ersten leitenden Elements zu dem des benachbarten Paares aufweist, wobei die erwähnten Paare:
    eines ersten Typs (3) sind, wo die leitenden Elemente annähernd in ihrer Mitte unterbrochen sind, um die zwei Abschnitte zu bilden, wobei das erste bzw. zweite leitende Element eines Abschnitts verbunden ist mit dem zweiten bzw. dem ersten leitenden Element des anderen Abschnitts des Paars; oder
    eines zweiten Typs (5) sind, wo das erste leitende Element (522, 542) annähernd in seiner Mitte unterbrochen ist, um die zwei Abschnitte zu bilden und das zweite leitende Element (524, 544) nicht unterbrochen ist.
  2. Die Antenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei die leitenden Abschnitte langgliedrig sind und die Antenne eine Schleife irgendeines geometrischen Typs im Raum bildet.
  3. Die Antenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei die entsprechenden Längen der leitenden Elemente (322, 324, 342, 344; 522, 524, 542, 544; 322', 324', 342', 344'), entsprechend der Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne, ausgewählt sind.
  4. Die Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die entsprechenden Längen der leitenden Elemente (322, 324, 342, 344; 522, 524, 542, 544; 322', 324', 342', 344') ausgewählt sind, gemäß der Leitungskapazität zwischen den ersten und zweiten leitenden Elementen.
  5. Die Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei mindestens ein kapazitives Element (C4) die zweiten leitenden Elemente benachbarter Paare oder die ersten und zweiten leitenden Elemente eines gleichen Paars verbindet.
  6. Die Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei mindestens ein Widerstandselement (R4) die zweiten leitenden Elemente benachbarter Paare oder die ersten und zweiten leitenden Elemente des gleichen Paares verbindet.
  7. Die Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jeder Abschnitt (32, 34, 52, 54) ein koaxialer Kabelabschnitt ist.
  8. Die Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei jeder Abschnitt aus zwei Koaxialkabelsegmenten (61, 63) gebildet ist.
  9. Die Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Abschnitte (32, 34, 52, 54, 32', 34') aus verdrehten leitenden Elementen gebildet sind.
  10. Die Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei ferner ein Halbpaar vorgesehen ist, gebildet aus einem Abschnitt von zwei leitenden Elementen und zwar gekoppelt mit dem mindestens einen Paar.
  11. Ein System zur Erzeugung eines Hochfrequenzfeldes, wobei Folgendes vorgesehen ist:
    die induktive Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche; und
    eine Schaltung zum Erregen der Antenne mit einem Hochfrequenzsignal.
  12. Das System nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Erregungsschaltung einen Hochfrequenztransformator (18) aufweist, mit einer Sekundärwicklung angeordnet zwischen den ersten leitenden Elementen von zwei benachbarten Paaren der Antenne.
EP11735491.0A 2010-06-15 2011-06-14 Hochfrequenzantenne Active EP2583353B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11735491T PL2583353T3 (pl) 2010-06-15 2011-06-14 Antena wysokiej częstotliwości

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1054724A FR2961354B1 (fr) 2010-06-15 2010-06-15 Antenne haute frequence
PCT/FR2011/051346 WO2011157942A1 (fr) 2010-06-15 2011-06-14 Antenne haute frequence

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EP2583353A1 EP2583353A1 (de) 2013-04-24
EP2583353B1 true EP2583353B1 (de) 2014-05-14

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US (1) US9362622B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2583353B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5697827B2 (de)
CN (1) CN103069649B (de)
AU (1) AU2011266870B2 (de)
BR (1) BR112012032262A2 (de)
CA (1) CA2805083C (de)
CL (1) CL2012003549A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2483146T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2961354B1 (de)
MA (1) MA34374B1 (de)
MX (1) MX2012014753A (de)
NZ (1) NZ605462A (de)
PL (1) PL2583353T3 (de)
RU (1) RU2566608C2 (de)
TN (1) TN2012000604A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2011157942A1 (de)

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ES2483146T3 (es) 2014-08-05
BR112012032262A2 (pt) 2016-11-29
CA2805083C (fr) 2018-05-01
JP2013529043A (ja) 2013-07-11
US9362622B2 (en) 2016-06-07
MX2012014753A (es) 2013-04-03
RU2566608C2 (ru) 2015-10-27
FR2961354B1 (fr) 2012-06-01
PL2583353T3 (pl) 2014-10-31
NZ605462A (en) 2014-07-25
CN103069649B (zh) 2015-10-14
EP2583353A1 (de) 2013-04-24
FR2961354A1 (fr) 2011-12-16
JP5697827B2 (ja) 2015-04-08
CL2012003549A1 (es) 2013-07-12
RU2013101586A (ru) 2014-07-20
CN103069649A (zh) 2013-04-24
WO2011157942A1 (fr) 2011-12-22
CA2805083A1 (fr) 2011-12-22
AU2011266870B2 (en) 2016-05-05
MA34374B1 (fr) 2013-07-03
US20130207857A1 (en) 2013-08-15
TN2012000604A1 (fr) 2014-04-01
AU2011266870A1 (en) 2013-01-24

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