EP2573785A1 - Three-phase electrical short-circuiting device with pyrotechnic actuator - Google Patents

Three-phase electrical short-circuiting device with pyrotechnic actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2573785A1
EP2573785A1 EP12354045A EP12354045A EP2573785A1 EP 2573785 A1 EP2573785 A1 EP 2573785A1 EP 12354045 A EP12354045 A EP 12354045A EP 12354045 A EP12354045 A EP 12354045A EP 2573785 A1 EP2573785 A1 EP 2573785A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
short
movable
circuiting device
bar
movable contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12354045A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2573785B1 (en
Inventor
Hugues Filiputti
Marc Rival
Franck Garde
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2573785A1 publication Critical patent/EP2573785A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/004—Closing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-phase electric short-circuiter, of the type comprising at least first, second and third phase terminals, a dielectric insulation of these phase terminals therebetween, and a pyrotechnic actuator delimiting an expansion chamber of pyrotechnic actuation gases.
  • the invention finds particular application in the protection of humans and equipment in the electrical field, particularly against the various hazards related to arcing, including internal arcs that occur in electrical cabinets or other confined spaces.
  • a pyrotechnic actuator the energy caused by the pyrotechnic generation of gas is used to propel an actuator.
  • Known short-circuiters use pyrotechnic actuators to produce the maneuver leading to the desired short-circuit.
  • An advantage of such actuators is to allow very short closing times to be obtained. This advantage is particularly interesting in the protection against electric arcs, in particular against the internal arcs, whose important effects which are both destructive for the equipment and dangerous for the personnel, sometimes with very high levels of severity of injury. as much attenuated as the arc is quickly interrupted. In this protection against electric arcs, the desired performances are therefore very high, especially in terms of speed of short-circuiting.
  • an arc short-circuiter must generally have a large dielectric strength, in particular to withstand lightning strikes without deteriorating.
  • the object of the invention is at least to make it possible to improve the performance of a short-circuiter of the aforementioned type, at least in terms of speed and / or short-circuiting efficiency.
  • the first and second movable contacts are respectively in the first and second waiting areas when in their open waiting positions.
  • each of the first and second mobile contacts connects very quickly to its destination terminal, without crossing before one or more other terminals. This makes it possible to obtain a very substantial improvement in the performance of a short-circuiter of the aforementioned type, at least in terms of speed and / or short-circuiting efficiency.
  • the short-circuiting device defined by claim 1 may incorporate one or more other advantageous features, alone or in combination, in particular among those defined below.
  • each of the first, second and third phase terminals comprises a receiving hole of the corresponding mobile contact.
  • each of the first, second and third movable contacts has the form of a conductive ring which comprises at least one slot so as to be elastically deformable inwards towards a contracted configuration in which the conductive ring is adapted to centrifugal clamping on the surface of the receiving hole of the movable contact defined by this conductive ring.
  • the pyrotechnic actuator comprises a piston and a body which defines a cylinder.
  • the piston and a side wall of the cylinder partially delimit said expansion chamber.
  • the mechanical coupling device comprises a movable bar for coupling to the piston.
  • this piston is slidably mounted in the cylinder so that the expansion chamber is delimited on one side of the piston, namely on the side of the movable bar, so that the movement of the piston under the action of the gases pyrotechnic actuation is performed in the direction of a pull on the movable bar, to the pyrotechnic actuator.
  • At least a portion of said insulation is made of a solid dielectric material.
  • the electric short-circuiter comprises a ring of electrical insulation gas which is confined at least by a solid dielectric material portion of the insulation so as to isolate the first movable contact in its open waiting position and the first phase terminal of each other, together with one of the frangible partitions.
  • said insulation comprises at least first and second insulating sections which are separate parts and succeed one another along a direction of actuation of the movable contacts between their open waiting and closed short-circuit positions.
  • the first insulating section comprises at least the first frangible partition which isolates the first phase terminal of the first movable contact in its open waiting position and which is frangible during a displacement of this first movable contact from its open position. waiting towards its closed position of short circuit.
  • the second insulating section comprises at least the second frangible partition which isolates the second phase terminal of the second movable contact, in its open waiting position, and which is frangible during a displacement of the second movable contact from its open waiting position to its closed short-circuit position.
  • At least one intermediate portion of the first insulating section is between said first and second phase terminals.
  • the short-circuiter comprises at least one annular isolation seal, which is located between the first and second insulating sections and which contributes to electrically isolating the second phase terminal of the first movable contact in its open waiting position.
  • the electric short-circuiter comprises a bar which carries the movable contacts.
  • said bar electrically connects the movable contacts to each other.
  • said bar passes through at least a portion of solid dielectric material of the insulation and retains at least laterally this portion.
  • At least one of the movable contacts is threaded onto said bar.
  • said bar carries a drive flange at least of the movable contact threaded from its open waiting position to its closed short-circuit position.
  • the insulation holds at least one of the movable contacts in an axial direction of the bar.
  • said bar passes at least through the first and second phase terminals.
  • the first and second insulating sections at least are threaded onto said bar.
  • said first and second phase terminals hold together the first insulating section, in an axial direction of the bar.
  • the electric short-circuiter comprises two elements for axial guidance of said sliding bar, these two guide elements axially retaining between them several members selected from the terminals, the movable contacts and at least a part of said insulation.
  • the two guide elements are flanged towards each other, on an element which is made of dielectric material and which at least partially surrounds several members chosen from the terminals, the movable contacts and at least a part of said insulation. .
  • the electric short-circuiter comprises a clamping subassembly forming a conductive loop which is closed on itself and which surrounds the phase terminals.
  • the electric short-circuiter comprises a fixed earth connection contact.
  • the short-circuiter comprises at least one conductive ring which defines one of the movable contacts and which comprises at least one slot so as to be elastically deformable towards the inside.
  • at least one of the terminals comprises a receiving hole and tightening of this conductive ring when this ring is in the closed position of short circuit.
  • the movable contacts are electrically connected to each other in the open waiting position.
  • an electric short-circuiter 1 is mounted on three electrical connection bars U, V and W, through which it is connected in a three-phase electrical installation.
  • the short-circuiter 1 comprises three terminals 2, 3 and 4 electrically isolated from each other, which are more precisely phase terminals.
  • that referenced 3 is an intermediate terminal directly bolted to the bar V.
  • Two conductive tabs 5 are each bolted to one of the other two terminals 2 and 4, for example to the way represented in the figure 2 , and each connect this terminal 2 or 4 to one of the phases U and W.
  • the short-circuiter 1 comprises an electromechanical block 6 and a pyrotechnic actuator 7, which are assembled in the extension of one another in a compact assembly of small size, which is advantageous.
  • the pyrotechnic actuator 7 comprises a metal body 10 and an attached pyrotechnic cartridge 11 whose function is to provide actuating gases produced by means of a chemical reaction initiated by an electric discharge, in a manner known per se.
  • the powder at the origin of the pyrotechnic actuating gases is an explosive powder contained by the pyrotechnic cartridge 11.
  • the generation of the actuation gases by chemical reaction of an explosion-proof powder or standard powder is preferred to the use of explosive explosive.
  • an explosive powder produces a subsonic wave (velocity of propagation between 10 m / s and 400 m / s) when it reacts chemically, whereas a wave generated by a detonating explosive progresses to a speed between 2000 and 3500 m / s.
  • the fixing of the pyrotechnic cartridge 11 to the body 10 comprises crimping.
  • the short-circuiter 1 consists of an assembly of parts, some of which are represented at figure 3 , while others are at the figure 4 , for the sake of clarity.
  • terminals 2 to 4 generally have the shape of flattened parallelepipeds, which are arranged substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to a longitudinal axis XX 'of the short-circuiter 1.
  • Each of these three terminals 2 to 4 is pierced of one of three through holes 20, in the extension of each other. More specifically, the cross section of each hole 20 is circular and centered on the axis X-X '. At least one of the two opposite openings of each hole 20, each of the three terminals 2 to 4 has an engagement chamfer 21.
  • references 22, 23 and 24 designate three distinct insulating sections, also called spacers, which follow each other along the longitudinal axis XX 'and which are identical hollow parts, which is advantageous in particular in terms of manufacturing and referencing costs. .
  • An axial hole 25 passes right through each spacer 22, 23 or 24, which has a stud 26 or mounting tail by interlocking in two consecutive axial holes, namely the hole 20 of one of the terminals 2 to 4 and the hole 25 of one of the other two spacers 22 and 23, except in the case of the pin 26 of the spacer 22.
  • the stud 26 equips an insulating spacer portion 27, which is also traversed by the hole 25.
  • each spacer 22, 23 or 24 has a countersink 28 formed in the intermediate portion 27, at an outlet of the axial hole 25 of this spacer, and adapted to receive an annular element of electrical insulation 29.
  • the latter form also a seal against dust and especially against any fine metal particles.
  • the spacers 22 to 24 are made of dielectric material, for example thermosetting polymer or thermoplastic polymer and, advantageously, polycarbonate loaded with glass fibers.
  • the three seals 29 are made of an elastic dielectric material, for example ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer material also designated by the acronym EPDM.
  • stirrup 30 delimits a housing 31 partially open, in particular laterally.
  • This stirrup 30 comprises an end wall or base 32, from which extend two facing wings 33, on either side of the longitudinal axis X-X '.
  • the base 32 is pierced right through a circular hole 34 centered on the axis X-X '.
  • Each wing 33 has an outer longitudinal groove 35 for receiving a clamping tie which is not shown in FIG. figure 3 and whose function will be explained later.
  • the stirrup 30 may be made of any suitable dielectric material, for example from bakelized fabric, such as that marketed under the name ā€œCELORON", or polyimide, such as polyimide sold under the name "ULTEMā€.
  • the cartridge 11 comprises a male end 40 connecting to the entrance of a passage 41 in a conventional manner.
  • the fixing of the cartridge 11 uses an alternative to crimping, namely a removable clamping member 43. Screwed into the passage 41, this removable clamping member 43 holds the cartridge 11 in place.
  • the body 10 is also pierced with an axial hole 42 for the passage of a movable support and traction bar 50, a head of which constitutes a piston 51 intended to be slidably mounted in the body 10 and provided, in the example shown, two annular seals 52 axially offset.
  • the bar 50 and the piston 51 are coaxial. Each of them is one of two pieces of metal in one piece, screwed into one another and, for example, made of suitable steel.
  • the movable bar 50 carries a nut 53 which defines a drive flange in the direction of traction towards the pyrotechnic actuator 7 and which is rigidly associated with the movable bar 50 , by screwing.
  • the movable bar 50 In the manner of an axial guide, the movable bar 50 carries four contacts which are slidably slid axially on it and which are more precisely a fixed ground contact 60 and three movable contacts 61, 62 and 63.
  • the movable bar 50 is electrically conductive and electrically connects between them the fixed contact 60 and the three movable contacts 61 to 63.
  • Each of these three movable contacts 61 to 63 has the form of a direct contact electrical connection ring, several times slit so as to be elastically deformable inwards, to a contracted configuration in which this ring is able to exert a centrifugal clamping.
  • Each of the movable contacts 61 to 63 is provided with a tubular pusher 66 which extends it by being rigidly associated with it.
  • the assembly formed by the movable contact 61 and a pusher 66 is an integral piece made of an electrically conductive material, such as copper or a copper-based alloy. It is advantageously identical the assembly formed by the movable contact 62 and another pusher 66, as well as the assembly formed by the movable contact 63 and the last pusher 66.
  • the fixed contact 60 comprises a flange 67 bearing against the body 10, as well as an axial and tubular extension of electrical connection by direct contact 68, whose free end comprises an annular and external centering groove 69.
  • the components of a clamping subassembly comprise two opposite tie rods 70, each of which has the form of a stud in the example shown.
  • a nut 71 and a washer 72 associated with this nut equip one end of each tie rod 70, the other end of which is also equipped with a washer and a nut, or screwed into the body 10 of the pyrotechnic actuator 7.
  • the clamping subassembly also comprises an axial clamping plate 73 and the body 10, which are arranged opposite one another, so as to retain between them, axially, the elements slipped on the bar of support 50, as can be seen at Figures 1 and 2 .
  • the clamping plate 73 is pierced with a bearing 74 for axial guidance of one end of the moving assembly comprising the piston 51, the bar 50, the nut 53, the pushers 66 and the movable contacts 61 to 63.
  • the components of the short-circuiter 1 are held together by the movable support bar 50 and by an axial restraint. More specifically, the movable bar 50 passes through certain components and thus retains them laterally, as can be clearly seen in FIG. figure 5 .
  • a retaining acts in a complementary manner, in the axial direction, that is to say in that defined by the longitudinal axis X-X '. It is the fact of the bridle subassembly, whose constituents are shown assembled to the figure 7 . On the latter, other constituents of the short-circuiter 1 are not represented for the sake of clarity.
  • the tie rods 70 pull the body 10 and the clamping plate 73 towards one another and, in so doing, clamp them on this stirrup 30.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the arrangement of the piston 51 slidably mounted in a cylinder 80, which defines the body 10 of the pyrotechnic actuator 7.
  • the annular seals 52 provide a double annular seal between the piston 51 and the wall of the cylinder 80.
  • the passage 41 of brought actuating gases opens into a chamber 81 of compression and expansion of these gases.
  • the side wall and a bottom of the cylinder 80, as well as the piston 51, a part of the movable bar 50 and an annular seal 82 jointly delimit the compression chamber and then expansion chamber 81, on one side of the piston 51 , ie on the side of the movable bar 50 and the electromechanical block 6.
  • the longitudinal axis X-X ' is also the sliding axis of the moving assembly comprising the piston 51, the bar 50 and the nut 53, which the bar 50 couples to the piston 51.
  • the function of the seal 82 is to provide an annular seal between the movable bar 50 and a bearing 83 for axial guidance of this bar 50.
  • a removable safety stop 84 is screwed into the cylinder 80 and serves to prevent accidental ejection the piston 51 out of the body 10. Drilled a through axial passage 85, it can be traversed by an air flow to or from the outside, so as not to achieve a tight seal.
  • the short-circuiter 1 is open, in a waiting position or armed position where it does not establish a short circuit.
  • the spacers 22 to 24 are subsequently arranged along the X-X 'axis, partially fitting into each other so as to form together an insulating assembly, which also comprises the seals 29 and which is made of a solid dielectric material.
  • the intermediate portion 27 of the spacer 22 isolates the two terminals 2 and 3 from each other. This spacer 22 also isolates the terminal 2 and the movable contact 61 between them. One of the seals 29 participates in the electrical insulation between this movable contact 61 and the terminal 3.
  • the pin 26 of the spacer 22 axially holds the movable contact 61 away from the fixed contact 60 and the terminal 2.
  • the intermediate portion 27 of the spacer 23 isolates the two terminals 3 and 4 from each other. This spacer 23 also isolates the terminal 3 and the movable contact 62 between them. One of the seals 29 participates in the electrical insulation between this movable contact 62 and the terminal 4.
  • the post 26 of the spacer 23 axially holds the movable contacts 61 and 62 away from the terminal 3.
  • the intermediate portion 27 of the spacer 24 isolates the terminal 4 and the clamping plate 73 from one another. This spacer 24 also isolates the terminal 4 and the movable contact 63 between them. One of the seals 29 participates in the electrical insulation between this movable contact 63 and the clamping plate 73.
  • the pin 26 of the spacer 24 axially holds the movable contacts 62 and 63 away from the terminal 4.
  • the fixed contact 60 is immobilized axially by clamping its flange 67 between the body 10 of the pyrotechnic actuator 7 and the base 32 of the stirrup 30.
  • Each of the spacers 22 to 24 comprises a breakable or frangible partition 90, one of which is easily discernible to the figure 9 .
  • a frangible partition 90 associates between them the post 26 and the intermediate portion 27 of each of the spacers 22 to 24, while isolating one of the terminals 2 to 4 of one of the movable contacts 61 to 63
  • Adjoining each frangible partition 90 a ring 91 of electrical insulation gas such as air is confined, being localized so as to complete the electrical insulation that makes this frangible partition 90 between one of the terminals 2 to 4 and one of the movable contacts 61 to 63.
  • the short-circuiter 1 has a modular design, which is advantageous.
  • each of the movable contacts 61 to 63 is axially offset from each of terminals 2 to 4.
  • the movable contact 61 is in a storage or waiting space 92 located between the two consecutive terminals 2 and 3.
  • the movable contact 62 is located in another waiting space 92, which is located between the two consecutive terminals 3 and 4.
  • Each of the movable contacts 61 to 63 is further electrically isolated from the terminals 2 to 4, by the insulating assembly comprising the succession of spacers 22 to 24, the seals 29 and the gas rings 91. This insulating assembly also isolates the terminals 2 to 4 electrically fixed contact 60.
  • the short-circuiter 1 is thus in an open waiting position, in which it establishes no short circuit.
  • the above-mentioned insulating assembly has the advantage of having a sufficiently high resistance to be able to withstand lightning strikes. In particular, it resists a pulse wave of 12 kV, without damage, and meets the requirements of IEC 60947-1.
  • the stirrup 30, in particular its base 32, provides effective insulation between the terminals 2 to 4 and the pyrotechnic actuator 7, and in particular its pyrotechnic cartridge 11.
  • the clamping subassembly comprising the two opposite tie rods 70, the clamping plate 73 and the body 10 form a belt which constitutes a conductive loop closed on itself and which surrounds the terminals 2 to 4. It is believed that this conductive loop acts against the propagation of the electric and magnetic fields, according to the principle implemented in the so-called Faraday cages.
  • the short-circuiter 1 can be used in an arcing device, including the internal arcs.
  • This device may be similar to that described in the application for European patent EP 2 073 229 above and include one or more sensors for detecting an arc, as well as a central decision and control. The latter is able to send a triggering order for the pyrotechnic cartridge 11 in the case where this unit has just received a signal addressed by at least one of the sensors and signaling the detection of an electric arc.
  • a triggering of the pyrotechnic cartridge 11 leads to the initiation of a chemical reaction generating very rapidly actuating gases.
  • these gases proceed to the chamber 81, where they raise the pressure in an extremely short time.
  • this pressure increases without immediately causing actuation of the piston 51 and the movable assembly coupled to this piston. This results from the retention of this moving assembly by the spacers 22 to 24.
  • the frangible partitions 90 of these spacers break together, which suddenly releases the piston 51 and the coupled mobile assembly. 51.
  • the energy stored in the compression chamber 81 until the rupture of these partitions makes the driving power released by this rupture is very high and propels the piston 51 at high speed into the piston. the direction indicated by the arrow T at the figure 5 .
  • the frangible partitions 90 are calibrated to break when the pressure in the chamber 81 reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • frangible partitions 90 serve several functions, which is advantageous, especially in terms of overall simplicity, cost and space. In particular, they perform an electrical isolation prior to the triggering of the pyrotechnic actuator 7, then they intervene directly in the operation of this actuator 7 once it is triggered.
  • the rupture of the frangible partitions 90 at a given pressure makes it possible to achieve very short closing times, in particular of less than 1 ms, including in cases where a powder explosion is used to generate the actuating gases in the pyrotechnic actuator 7.
  • the movable assembly coupled to the piston 51 is propelled as quickly as the piston 51 itself. It comprises the movable contacts, whose referenced 63 is driven with a pusher 66 pushed by the nut 53. Via one of the other pushers 66, the movable contact 63 in turn actuates the movable contact 62, which even pushes on the last pusher 66 and thus causes the movable contact 61 on the extension 68 of the fixed contact 60.
  • the short-circuiter 1 goes from the open configuration of the figure 5 to the short circuit configuration of the figure 6 in a very short time from the initiation of the pyrotechnic cartridge 11. In particular, it has been possible to achieve closing times of less than 1 ms from the initiation of the pyrotechnic cartridge 11.
  • the movable contacts 61 to 63 substantially reach at the same time the terminals 2 to 4. It follows that the short-circuiting of the different phases are practically simultaneous, instead of being successive. On the contrary, in the device shown in figure 5 of the international patent application WO 99/21255 aforementioned, the short-circuiting of the different phases are successive.
  • the moving assembly coupled to the piston 51 comprises a plurality of parts. Instead of being propelled in the opposite direction to the actuator 7, these parts are propelled towards the base 32 of the stirrup 30 and towards the body 10 of this actuator 7.
  • a second advantage of the propulsion of the moving assembly towards the base 32 and the body 10 is that the latter form a counter-thrust or stop mass which, acting in the manner of an anvil, reduces the importance of the shock transmitted to the permanent fixing elements of the short-circuiter 1 and echoed In this one.
  • each of the movable contacts 61 to 63 is compressed in a hole 20 of one of the terminals 2 to 4 and exerts a radial clamping on the surface of this hole 20. It follows a very effective electrical contact. This is not the case in the device shown in figure 5 of the international patent application WO 99/21255 supra. In this respect, it is even thought that the actual functioning of this device is questionable. Indeed, the single mobile part of short-circuit in the device of the application WO 99/21255 could enlarge the holes of the terminals, towards a flared global shape, during its projection through these terminals. This would result from a phenomenon that is well known in ballistics.
  • the movable contacts 61 to 63 are connected to each other, which achieves the short-circuit sought. These movable contacts 61 to 63 are further connected to the fixed contact 60, which is connected to the earth by a driver not shown for the sake of clarity. In summary, terminals 2 to 4 are short-circuited and connected to the ground at the figure 6 .
  • the short-circuiter 1 performs short-circuiting at the same time extremely fast, frank, and simultaneous or almost simultaneous.
  • the short-circuiter 1 is also able to resist for periods of 100 to 500 ms to short circuits whose current has an intensity of between 10 kA and 150 kA rms. It follows that the short-circuiter 1 is particularly suitable for the protection of a high power electrical installation, although it may also be suitable for another installation, such as a medium power installation.
  • the short-circuiters of the prior art fail to short-circuit the phases of a three-phase installation in about 20 ms at best, the short-circuiter 1 has the advantage of being extremely faster, since it can short-circuit the phases of a polyphase installation in less than 1 ms.
  • This short-circuiter 101 is generally identical to the short-circuiter 1. It comprises spacers identical to each other, which replace the spacers 22 to 24, fulfilling the same functions as these, and one of which is partially visible and referenced 123 to the figure 10 .
  • This spacer 123 confines a gas ring 191, which fulfills the same function of electrical insulation as the gas ring 91 and which is distinguished by its position, particularly with respect to the corresponding frangible partition, referenced 190 in the short- circuitry 101 and equivalent to that referenced 90 in the short-circuiter 1.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment and variants described above.
  • its implementation is not limited to the single case of three-phase.
  • the invention finds application also in other electrical configurations, especially in single-phase configurations.
  • the outer surface of the insulating spacer portion 27 may not be cylindrical. In particular, it may have a rectangular cross section and / or define fins or beads succeeding one another in the longitudinal direction.

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Abstract

The short-circuit (1) has mechanical coupling devices (50, 53) coupling movable contacts (61-63) to a pyrotechnical actuator (7) and driving the movable contacts from an open position to a closed position of the short-circuit under propelling action of the pyrotechnical actuator. A waiting zone (92) for the movable contacts is provided on a level located between terminals (2, 3). One of the movable contacts is positioned in the waiting space when the other movable contact is in the open position.

Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

La prĆ©sente invention concerne un court-circuiteur Ć©lectrique triphasĆ©, du type comprenant au moins des premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase, une isolation par matiĆØre diĆ©lectrique de ces bornes de phase entre elles, et un actionneur pyrotechnique dĆ©limitant une chambre d'expansion de gaz pyrotechniques d'actionnement. L'invention trouve notamment application dans la protection des hommes et des matĆ©riels dans le domaine Ć©lectrique, en particulier contre les divers dangers liĆ©s aux arcs Ć©lectriques, et notamment aux arcs internes qui ont lieu dans les armoires Ć©lectriques ou d'autres lieux confinĆ©s.The present invention relates to a three-phase electric short-circuiter, of the type comprising at least first, second and third phase terminals, a dielectric insulation of these phase terminals therebetween, and a pyrotechnic actuator delimiting an expansion chamber of pyrotechnic actuation gases. The invention finds particular application in the protection of humans and equipment in the electrical field, particularly against the various hazards related to arcing, including internal arcs that occur in electrical cabinets or other confined spaces.

Ɖtat de la techniqueState of the art

Dans un actionneur pyrotechnique, l'Ʃnergie provoquƩe par la gƩnƩration pyrotechnique de gaz est employƩe pour propulser un organe de manoeuvre.In a pyrotechnic actuator, the energy caused by the pyrotechnic generation of gas is used to propel an actuator.

Des courts-circuiteurs connus utilisent des actionneurs pyrotechniques pour produire la manoeuvre conduisant au court-circuit voulu. Un avantage de tels actionneurs est de permettre l'obtention de temps de fermeture trĆØs courts. Cet avantage est particuliĆØrement intĆ©ressant dans la protection contre les arcs Ć©lectriques, notamment contre les arcs internes, dont les importants effets Ć  la fois destructifs pour les matĆ©riels et dangereux pour les personnels, parfois avec des niveaux trĆØs Ć©levĆ©s de gravitĆ© de blessure, sont d'autant plus attĆ©nuĆ©s que l'arc est vite interrompu. Dans cette protection contre les arcs Ć©lectriques, les performances recherchĆ©es sont donc trĆØs Ć©levĆ©es, notamment en termes de vitesse de mise en court-circuit. En outre, un court-circuiteur d'arc Ć©lectrique doit gĆ©nĆ©ralement possĆ©der une tenue diĆ©lectrique importante, afin de pouvoir supporter notamment des chocs de foudre sans se dĆ©tĆ©riorer.Known short-circuiters use pyrotechnic actuators to produce the maneuver leading to the desired short-circuit. An advantage of such actuators is to allow very short closing times to be obtained. This advantage is particularly interesting in the protection against electric arcs, in particular against the internal arcs, whose important effects which are both destructive for the equipment and dangerous for the personnel, sometimes with very high levels of severity of injury. as much attenuated as the arc is quickly interrupted. In this protection against electric arcs, the desired performances are therefore very high, especially in terms of speed of short-circuiting. In addition, an arc short-circuiter must generally have a large dielectric strength, in particular to withstand lightning strikes without deteriorating.

Des exemples d'utilisation de la pyrotechnie dans des courts-circuiteurs sont proposƩs dans la demande de brevet amƩricain US 2009/0120773 , ainsi que dans les demandes de brevet europƩen EP 2 073 229 et EP 2 073 235 .Examples of the use of pyrotechnics in short-circuiters are proposed in the US patent application US 2009/0120773 , as well as in European patent applications EP 2 073 229 and EP 2 073 235 .

Dans la demande de brevet internationale WO 99/21255 , il est dĆ©crit un court-circuiteur du type prĆ©citĆ©. Ce court-circuiteur a pour fonction de mettre trois phases en court-circuit et Ć  la terre, suite Ć  une commande. Les courts-circuits sur les diffĆ©rentes phases s'y produisent successivement, du temps s'Ć©coulant entre l'Ć©tablissement du premier court-circuit et l'Ć©tablissement du dernier court-circuit. Les performances du court-circuiteur de la demande WO 99/21255 , en termes de rapiditĆ© et/ou d'efficacitĆ© de mise en court-circuit des phases, peuvent ĆŖtre considĆ©rĆ©es comme insuffisantes ou, du moins, il paraĆ®t lĆ©gitime de rechercher Ć  en obtenir de meilleures.In the international patent application WO 99/21255 , there is described a short-circuiter of the aforementioned type. This short-circuiter has the function of putting three phases shorted and grounded, following a command. The short circuits on the different phases occur successively, the time elapsing between the establishment of the first short circuit and the establishment of the last short circuit. The performance of the demand short-circuiter WO 99/21255 in terms of speed and / or efficiency of short-circuiting of the phases, may be considered insufficient or, at least, it seems legitimate to seek to obtain better ones.

Objet de l'inventionObject of the invention

L'invention a au moins pour but de permettre une amƩlioration des performances d'un court-circuiteur du type prƩcitƩ, au moins en termes de rapiditƩ et/ou d'efficacitƩ de mise en court-circuit.The object of the invention is at least to make it possible to improve the performance of a short-circuiter of the aforementioned type, at least in terms of speed and / or short-circuiting efficiency.

Selon l'invention, ce but est atteint grĆ¢ce Ć  un court-circuiteur selon la revendication 1 annexĆ©e.According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of a short-circuiter according to the appended claim 1.

Les premier et deuxiĆØmes contacts mobiles se trouvent respectivement dans le premier et le deuxiĆØme espace d'attente lorsqu'ils sont dans leurs positions ouvertes d'attente.The first and second movable contacts are respectively in the first and second waiting areas when in their open waiting positions.

Lors d'un passage Ć  leurs positions fermĆ©es de court-circuit, chacun des premier et deuxiĆØme contacts mobiles se connecte trĆØs rapidement Ć  sa borne de destination, sans traverser au prĆ©alable une ou plusieurs autres bornes. Ceci permet d'obtenir une amĆ©lioration trĆØs consĆ©quente des performances d'un court-circuiteur du type prĆ©citĆ©, au moins en termes de rapiditĆ© et/ou d'efficacitĆ© de mise en court-circuit.During a transition to their closed short-circuit positions, each of the first and second mobile contacts connects very quickly to its destination terminal, without crossing before one or more other terminals. This makes it possible to obtain a very substantial improvement in the performance of a short-circuiter of the aforementioned type, at least in terms of speed and / or short-circuiting efficiency.

Une obtention de performances amĆ©liorĆ©es, au moins en termes de rapiditĆ© et/ou d'efficacitĆ© de mise en court-circuit, rĆ©sulte Ć©galement de ce que l'Ć©nergie qui, jusqu'Ć  la rupture des premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme cloisons frangibles, s'est emmagasinĆ©e dans la chambre d'expansion fait que la puissance d'entraĆ®nement libĆ©rĆ©e par cette rupture est trĆØs Ć©levĆ©e.Achievement of improved performance, at least in terms of speed and / or short-circuiting efficiency, also results from the fact that the energy which, until the breaking of the first, second and third frangible partitions, s is stored in the expansion chamber causes the driving power released by this rupture is very high.

Le court-circuiteur dĆ©fini par la revendication 1 peut incorporer une ou plusieurs autres caractĆ©ristiques avantageuses, isolĆ©ment ou en combinaison, en particulier parmi celles dĆ©finies ci-aprĆØs.The short-circuiting device defined by claim 1 may incorporate one or more other advantageous features, alone or in combination, in particular among those defined below.

Avantageusement, chacune des premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase comporte un trou de rĆ©ception du contact mobile correspondant. De prĆ©fĆ©rence, chacun des premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles prĆ©sente la forme d'un anneau conducteur qui comporte au moins une fente de maniĆØre Ć  ĆŖtre dĆ©formable Ć©lastiquement vers l'intĆ©rieur, vers une configuration contractĆ©e dans laquelle l'anneau conducteur est apte Ć  exercer un serrage centrifuge sur la surface du trou de rĆ©ception du contact mobile dĆ©fini par cet anneau conducteur.Advantageously, each of the first, second and third phase terminals comprises a receiving hole of the corresponding mobile contact. Preferably, each of the first, second and third movable contacts has the form of a conductive ring which comprises at least one slot so as to be elastically deformable inwards towards a contracted configuration in which the conductive ring is adapted to centrifugal clamping on the surface of the receiving hole of the movable contact defined by this conductive ring.

Avantageusement, l'actionneur pyrotechnique comporte un piston et un corps qui dĆ©finit un cylindre. De prĆ©fĆ©rence, le piston et une paroi latĆ©rale du cylindre dĆ©limitent partiellement ladite chambre d'expansion. De prĆ©fĆ©rence, le dispositif d'accouplement mĆ©canique comprend une barre mobile d'accouplement au piston. De prĆ©fĆ©rence, ce piston est montĆ© coulissant dans le cylindre de maniĆØre que la chambre d'expansion soit dĆ©limitĆ©e d'un cotĆ© du piston, Ć  savoir du cĆ“tĆ© de la barre mobile, de sorte que le mouvement du piston sous l'action des gaz pyrotechniques d'actionnement s'effectue dans le sens d'une traction sur la barre mobile, vers l'actionneur pyrotechnique.Advantageously, the pyrotechnic actuator comprises a piston and a body which defines a cylinder. Preferably, the piston and a side wall of the cylinder partially delimit said expansion chamber. Preferably, the mechanical coupling device comprises a movable bar for coupling to the piston. Preferably, this piston is slidably mounted in the cylinder so that the expansion chamber is delimited on one side of the piston, namely on the side of the movable bar, so that the movement of the piston under the action of the gases pyrotechnic actuation is performed in the direction of a pull on the movable bar, to the pyrotechnic actuator.

Avantageusement, au moins une partie de ladite isolation est faite d'un matƩriau diƩlectrique solide.Advantageously, at least a portion of said insulation is made of a solid dielectric material.

Avantageusement, le court-circuiteur Ć©lectrique comporte une couronne de gaz d'isolation Ć©lectrique qui est confinĆ©e au moins par une partie en matĆ©riau diĆ©lectrique solide de l'isolation de maniĆØre Ć  isoler le premier contact mobile dans sa position ouverte d'attente et la premiĆØre borne de phase l'un de l'autre, ensemble avec l'une des cloisons frangibles.Advantageously, the electric short-circuiter comprises a ring of electrical insulation gas which is confined at least by a solid dielectric material portion of the insulation so as to isolate the first movable contact in its open waiting position and the first phase terminal of each other, together with one of the frangible partitions.

Avantageusement, ladite isolation comporte au moins des premier et deuxiĆØme tronƧons isolants qui sont des piĆØces distinctes et qui se succĆØdent le long d'une direction d'actionnement des contacts mobiles entre leurs positions ouvertes d'attente et fermĆ©es de court-circuit. De prĆ©fĆ©rence, le premier tronƧon isolant comporte au moins la premiĆØre cloison frangible qui isole la premiĆØre borne de phase du premier contact mobile dans sa position ouverte d'attente et qui est frangible lors d'un dĆ©placement de ce premier contact mobile de sa position ouverte d'attente vers sa position fermĆ©e de court-circuit. De prĆ©fĆ©rence, le deuxiĆØme tronƧon isolant comporte au moins la deuxiĆØme cloison frangible qui isole la deuxiĆØme borne de phase du deuxiĆØme contact mobile, dans sa position ouverte d'attente, et qui est frangible lors d'un dĆ©placement de ce deuxiĆØme contact mobile de sa position ouverte d'attente vers sa position fermĆ©e de court-circuit.Advantageously, said insulation comprises at least first and second insulating sections which are separate parts and succeed one another along a direction of actuation of the movable contacts between their open waiting and closed short-circuit positions. Preferably, the first insulating section comprises at least the first frangible partition which isolates the first phase terminal of the first movable contact in its open waiting position and which is frangible during a displacement of this first movable contact from its open position. waiting towards its closed position of short circuit. Preferably, the second insulating section comprises at least the second frangible partition which isolates the second phase terminal of the second movable contact, in its open waiting position, and which is frangible during a displacement of the second movable contact from its open waiting position to its closed short-circuit position.

Avantageusement, au moins une portion intercalaire du premier tronƧon isolant se trouve entre lesdites premiĆØre et deuxiĆØme bornes de phase.Advantageously, at least one intermediate portion of the first insulating section is between said first and second phase terminals.

Avantageusement, le court-circuiteur comporte au moins un joint annulaire d'isolation, qui se trouve entre les premier et deuxiĆØme tronƧons isolants et qui contribue Ć  isoler Ć©lectriquement la deuxiĆØme borne de phase du premier contact mobile dans sa position ouverte d'attente.Advantageously, the short-circuiter comprises at least one annular isolation seal, which is located between the first and second insulating sections and which contributes to electrically isolating the second phase terminal of the first movable contact in its open waiting position.

Avantageusement, le court-circuiteur Ć©lectrique comprend une barre qui porte les contacts mobiles.Advantageously, the electric short-circuiter comprises a bar which carries the movable contacts.

Avantageusement, ladite barre connecte Ć©lectriquement les contacts mobiles entre eux.Advantageously, said bar electrically connects the movable contacts to each other.

Avantageusement, ladite barre passe dans au moins une partie en matƩriau diƩlectrique solide de l'isolation et retient au moins latƩralement cette partie.Advantageously, said bar passes through at least a portion of solid dielectric material of the insulation and retains at least laterally this portion.

Avantageusement, au moins un des contacts mobiles est enfilƩ sur ladite barre.Advantageously, at least one of the movable contacts is threaded onto said bar.

Avantageusement, ladite barre porte un rebord d'entraƮnement au moins du contact mobile enfilƩ, de sa position ouverte d'attente vers sa position fermƩe de court-circuit.Advantageously, said bar carries a drive flange at least of the movable contact threaded from its open waiting position to its closed short-circuit position.

Avantageusement, l'isolation retient au moins un des contacts mobiles selon une direction axiale de la barre.Advantageously, the insulation holds at least one of the movable contacts in an axial direction of the bar.

Avantageusement, ladite barre passe au moins Ć  travers les premiĆØre et deuxiĆØme bornes de phase.Advantageously, said bar passes at least through the first and second phase terminals.

Avantageusement, les premier et deuxiĆØme tronƧons isolants au moins sont enfilĆ©s sur ladite barre.Advantageously, the first and second insulating sections at least are threaded onto said bar.

Avantageusement, lesdites premiĆØre et deuxiĆØme bornes de phase retiennent entre elles le premier tronƧon isolant, selon une direction axiale de la barre.Advantageously, said first and second phase terminals hold together the first insulating section, in an axial direction of the bar.

Avantageusement, le court-circuiteur Ʃlectrique comporte deux ƩlƩments de guidage axial de ladite barre en coulissement, ces deux ƩlƩments de guidage retenant axialement entre eux plusieurs organes choisis parmi les bornes, les contacts mobiles et au moins une partie de ladite isolation.Advantageously, the electric short-circuiter comprises two elements for axial guidance of said sliding bar, these two guide elements axially retaining between them several members selected from the terminals, the movable contacts and at least a part of said insulation.

Avantageusement, les deux ƩlƩments de guidage sont bridƩs l'un vers l'autre, sur un ƩlƩment qui est fait de matƩriau diƩlectrique et qui entoure au moins partiellement plusieurs organes choisis parmi les bornes, les contacts mobiles et au moins une partie de ladite isolation.Advantageously, the two guide elements are flanged towards each other, on an element which is made of dielectric material and which at least partially surrounds several members chosen from the terminals, the movable contacts and at least a part of said insulation. .

Avantageusement, le court-circuiteur Ć©lectrique comporte un sous-ensemble de bridage formant une boucle conductrice qui est fermĆ©e sur elle-mĆŖme et qui entoure les bornes de phase.Advantageously, the electric short-circuiter comprises a clamping subassembly forming a conductive loop which is closed on itself and which surrounds the phase terminals.

Avantageusement, le court-circuiteur Ć©lectrique comporte un contact fixe de raccordement Ć  la terre.Advantageously, the electric short-circuiter comprises a fixed earth connection contact.

Avantageusement, le court-circuiteur comporte au moins un anneau conducteur qui dĆ©finit un des contacts mobiles et qui comporte au moins une fente de maniĆØre Ć  ĆŖtre dĆ©formable Ć©lastiquement vers l'intĆ©rieur. De prĆ©fĆ©rence, au moins une des bornes comporte un trou de rĆ©ception et de serrage de cet anneau conducteur lorsque cet anneau est dans la position fermĆ©e de court-circuit.Advantageously, the short-circuiter comprises at least one conductive ring which defines one of the movable contacts and which comprises at least one slot so as to be elastically deformable towards the inside. Preferably, at least one of the terminals comprises a receiving hole and tightening of this conductive ring when this ring is in the closed position of short circuit.

Avantageusement, les contacts mobiles sont connectƩs Ʃlectriquement entre eux dans la position ouverte d'attente.Advantageously, the movable contacts are electrically connected to each other in the open waiting position.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres avantages et caractƩristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de rƩalisation de l'invention donnƩs Ơ titre d'exemples non limitatifs et reprƩsentƩs aux dessins annexƩs, parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un court-circuiteur Ć©lectrique conforme Ć  l'invention et de trois barres Ć©lectriques par l'intermĆ©diaire desquelles ce court-circuiteur est connectĆ© dans une installation Ć©lectrique triphasĆ©e ;
  • la figure 2 reprĆ©sente le mĆŖme court-circuiteur triphasĆ© que la figure 1, mais tel que vu sous un autre angle et dissociĆ© des trois barres Ć©lectriques visibles sur cette figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue Ć©clatĆ©e, en perspective, qui reprĆ©sente un premier sous-ensemble d'Ć©lĆ©ments constitutifs du court-circuiteur des figures 1 et 2 ;
  • la figure 4 est Ć©galement une vue Ć©clatĆ©e, en perspective, qui reprĆ©sente un deuxiĆØme sous-ensemble d'Ć©lĆ©ments constitutifs du court-circuiteur des figures 1 et 2 ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en perspective sur laquelle une partie fixe du court-circuiteur des figures 1 et 2 est reprĆ©sentĆ©e en coupe longitudinale et oĆ¹ un ensemble mobile de ce court-circuiteur est dans une premiĆØre position, Ć  savoir une position ouverte d'attente ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue sur laquelle le court-circuiteur des figures 1 et 2 est reprĆ©sentĆ© de la mĆŖme maniĆØre qu'Ć  la figure 5 et oĆ¹ l'ensemble mobile est dans une deuxiĆØme position, Ć  savoir une position fermĆ©e de court-circuit ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue en perspective du sous-ensemble de la figure 4 et en reprĆ©sente les constituants tels qu'assemblĆ©s en faisant artificiellement abstraction des Ć©lĆ©ments du sous-ensemble de la figure 3, dans un souci de clartĆ© ;
  • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe longitudinale et en perspective d'un actionneur pyrotechnique du court-circuiteur des figures 1 et 2 ;
  • la figure 9 est un agrandissement d'un mĆ©daillon qui est sensiblement identique au mĆ©daillon IX de la figure 5 et qui reprĆ©sente une portion du court-circuiteur des figures 1 et 2 ;
  • la figure 10 est un agrandissement d'un mĆ©daillon analogue au mĆ©daillon IX et reprĆ©sente un dĆ©tail de rĆ©alisation selon une variante de rĆ©alisation de l'invention.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given as non-restrictive examples and represented in the accompanying drawings, among which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of an electric short-circuiter according to the invention and three electrical bars through which this short-circuiter is connected in a three-phase electrical installation;
  • the figure 2 represents the same three-phase short-circuit figure 1 but as seen from another angle and dissociated from the three electric bars visible on this figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is an exploded view, in perspective, which represents a first subset of constituent elements of the short-circuiter of Figures 1 and 2 ;
  • the figure 4 is also an exploded view, in perspective, which represents a second subset of constituent elements of the short-circuiter of the Figures 1 and 2 ;
  • the figure 5 is a perspective view on which a fixed part of the short-circuiting Figures 1 and 2 is shown in longitudinal section and where a movable assembly of this short-circuiter is in a first position, namely an open waiting position;
  • the figure 6 is a view on which the short-circuiter of Figures 1 and 2 is represented in the same way as at the figure 5 and wherein the moving assembly is in a second position, namely a closed short-circuit position;
  • the figure 7 is a perspective view of the subset of the figure 4 and represents the constituents as assembled by artificially disregarding the elements of the subset of the figure 3 , for the sake of clarity;
  • the figure 8 is a view in longitudinal section and in perspective of a pyrotechnic actuator of the short-circuiter of Figures 1 and 2 ;
  • the figure 9 is an enlargement of a medallion which is substantially identical to the medallion IX of the figure 5 and which represents a portion of the short-circuiting Figures 1 and 2 ;
  • the figure 10 is an enlargement of a medallion similar to the medallion IX and represents a detail of embodiment according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Description d'un mode prƩfƩrentiel de l'inventionDescription of a preferred embodiment of the invention

Sur la figure 1, un court-circuiteur Ʃlectrique 1 conforme Ơ l'invention est montƩ sur trois barres Ʃlectriques de raccordement U, V et W, par l'intermƩdiaire desquelles il est connectƩ dans une installation Ʃlectrique triphasƩe.On the figure 1 , an electric short-circuiter 1 according to the invention is mounted on three electrical connection bars U, V and W, through which it is connected in a three-phase electrical installation.

Lui-mĆŖme triphasĆ©, le court-circuiteur 1 comporte trois bornes 2, 3 et 4 isolĆ©es Ć©lectriquement entre elles, qui sont plus prĆ©cisĆ©ment des bornes de phase. Parmi ces bornes, celle rĆ©fĆ©rencĆ©e 3 est une borne intermĆ©diaire directement boulonnĆ©e Ć  la barre V. Deux pattes conductrices 5 sont boulonnĆ©es chacune Ć  l'une des deux autres bornes 2 et 4, par exemple de la maniĆØre reprĆ©sentĆ©e Ć  la figure 2, et raccordent chacune cette borne 2 ou 4 Ć  l'une des phases U et W.It itself three-phase, the short-circuiter 1 comprises three terminals 2, 3 and 4 electrically isolated from each other, which are more precisely phase terminals. Among these terminals, that referenced 3 is an intermediate terminal directly bolted to the bar V. Two conductive tabs 5 are each bolted to one of the other two terminals 2 and 4, for example to the way represented in the figure 2 , and each connect this terminal 2 or 4 to one of the phases U and W.

Le court-circuiteur 1 comporte un bloc ƩlectromƩcanique 6 et un actionneur pyrotechnique 7, qui sont assemblƩs dans le prolongement l'un de l'autre en un ensemble compact de faible encombrement, ce qui est avantageux.The short-circuiter 1 comprises an electromechanical block 6 and a pyrotechnic actuator 7, which are assembled in the extension of one another in a compact assembly of small size, which is advantageous.

L'actionneur pyrotechnique 7 comporte un corps mĆ©tallique 10 et une cartouche pyrotechnique rapportĆ©e 11 qui a pour fonction de fournir des gaz d'actionnement produits au moyen d'une rĆ©action chimique initiĆ©e par une dĆ©charge Ć©lectrique, d'une maniĆØre connue en soi. De prĆ©fĆ©rence, la poudre Ć  l'origine des gaz pyrotechniques d'actionnement est une poudre dĆ©flagrante contenue par la cartouche pyrotechnique 11. En effet, la gĆ©nĆ©ration des gaz d'actionnement par rĆ©action chimique d'une poudre dĆ©flagrante ou poudre standard est prĆ©fĆ©rĆ©e Ć  l'utilisation d'un explosif dĆ©tonnant. Au sens oĆ¹ on l'entend ici, une poudre dĆ©flagrante produit une onde subsonique (vitesse de propagation entre 10 m/s et 400 m/s) lorsqu'elle rĆ©agit chimiquement, alors qu'une onde gĆ©nĆ©rĆ©e par un explosif dĆ©tonnant progresse Ć  une vitesse comprise entre 2000 et 3500 m/s.The pyrotechnic actuator 7 comprises a metal body 10 and an attached pyrotechnic cartridge 11 whose function is to provide actuating gases produced by means of a chemical reaction initiated by an electric discharge, in a manner known per se. Preferably, the powder at the origin of the pyrotechnic actuating gases is an explosive powder contained by the pyrotechnic cartridge 11. In fact, the generation of the actuation gases by chemical reaction of an explosion-proof powder or standard powder is preferred to the use of explosive explosive. As used herein, an explosive powder produces a subsonic wave (velocity of propagation between 10 m / s and 400 m / s) when it reacts chemically, whereas a wave generated by a detonating explosive progresses to a speed between 2000 and 3500 m / s.

De prƩfƩrence, la fixation de la cartouche pyrotechnique 11 au corps 10 comporte un sertissage.Preferably, the fixing of the pyrotechnic cartridge 11 to the body 10 comprises crimping.

L'association par sertissage de la cartouche pyrotechnique 11 et du corps 10 l'un Ć  l'autre et l'utilisation d'une poudre dĆ©flagrante, et non d'un explosif dĆ©tonnant, concourent Ć  ce que le court-circuiteur 1 peut ĆŖtre considĆ©rĆ© comme un Ć©quipement non pyrotechnique selon la directive 93/15/EEC, ce qui est avantageux.The crimping combination of the pyrotechnic cartridge 11 and the body 10 to one another and the use of an explosive powder, and not a detonating explosive, contribute to the fact that the short-circuiter 1 can be considered non-pyrotechnic equipment according to Directive 93/15 / EEC, which is advantageous.

Le court-circuiteur 1 est constituĆ© d'un assemblage de piĆØces dont certaines sont reprĆ©sentĆ©es Ć  la figure 3, tandis que d'autres le sont Ć  la figure 4, dans un souci de clartĆ©.The short-circuiter 1 consists of an assembly of parts, some of which are represented at figure 3 , while others are at the figure 4 , for the sake of clarity.

Ainsi qu'on peut le voir Ć  la figure 3, les bornes 2 Ć  4 ont globalement la forme de parallĆ©lĆ©pipĆØdes aplatis, qui sont disposĆ©s Ć  la suite de maniĆØre sensiblement parallĆØles entre eux et perpendiculaires Ć  un axe longitudinal X-X' du court-circuiteur 1. Chacune de ces trois bornes 2 Ć  4 est percĆ©e de l'un de trois trous traversants 20, dans le prolongement les uns des autres. Plus prĆ©cisĆ©ment, la section transversale de chaque trou 20 est circulaire et centrĆ©e sur l'axe X-X'. A l'une au moins des deux ouvertures opposĆ©es de chaque trou 20, chacune des trois bornes 2 Ć  4 possĆØde un chanfrein d'engagement 21.As can be seen at figure 3 , terminals 2 to 4 generally have the shape of flattened parallelepipeds, which are arranged substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to a longitudinal axis XX 'of the short-circuiter 1. Each of these three terminals 2 to 4 is pierced of one of three through holes 20, in the extension of each other. More specifically, the cross section of each hole 20 is circular and centered on the axis X-X '. At least one of the two opposite openings of each hole 20, each of the three terminals 2 to 4 has an engagement chamfer 21.

Toujours sur la figure 3, les rĆ©fĆ©rences 22, 23 et 24 dĆ©signent trois tronƧons isolants distincts, encore appelĆ©s entretoises, qui se succĆØdent selon l'axe longitudinal X-X' et qui sont des piĆØces creuses identiques, ce qui est avantageux notamment en termes de coĆ»ts de fabrication et de rĆ©fĆ©rencement.Always on the figure 3 , references 22, 23 and 24 designate three distinct insulating sections, also called spacers, which follow each other along the longitudinal axis XX 'and which are identical hollow parts, which is advantageous in particular in terms of manufacturing and referencing costs. .

Un trou axial 25 traverse de part en part chaque entretoise 22, 23 ou 24, qui possĆØde un tenon 26 ou queue de montage par emboĆ®tement dans deux trous axiaux consĆ©cutifs, Ć  savoir le trou 20 d'une des bornes 2 Ć  4 et le trou 25 de l'une des deux autres entretoises 22 et 23, sauf dans le cas du tenon 26 de l'entretoise 22. Le tenon 26 Ć©quipe une portion intercalaire d'isolation 27, qui est Ć©galement traversĆ©e par le trou 25.An axial hole 25 passes right through each spacer 22, 23 or 24, which has a stud 26 or mounting tail by interlocking in two consecutive axial holes, namely the hole 20 of one of the terminals 2 to 4 and the hole 25 of one of the other two spacers 22 and 23, except in the case of the pin 26 of the spacer 22. The stud 26 equips an insulating spacer portion 27, which is also traversed by the hole 25.

A l'opposĆ© de son tenon 26, chaque entretoise 22, 23 ou 24 possĆØde un lamage 28 mĆ©nagĆ© dans la portion intercalaire 27, au niveau d'un dĆ©bouchĆ© du trou axial 25 de cette entretoise, et prĆ©vu pour recevoir un Ć©lĆ©ment annulaire d'isolation Ć©lectrique 29. De prĆ©fĆ©rence, ce dernier forme Ć©galement un joint d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© contre la poussiĆØre et notamment contre d'Ć©ventuelles particules mĆ©talliques fines.Opposite its tenon 26, each spacer 22, 23 or 24 has a countersink 28 formed in the intermediate portion 27, at an outlet of the axial hole 25 of this spacer, and adapted to receive an annular element of electrical insulation 29. Preferably, the latter form also a seal against dust and especially against any fine metal particles.

Les entretoises 22 Ć  24 sont faites de matĆ©riau diĆ©lectrique, par exemple de polymĆØre thermodurcissable ou de polymĆØre thermoplastique et, avantageusement, de polycarbonate chargĆ© de fibres de verre. Avantageusement identiques, les trois joints 29 sont rĆ©alisĆ©s en un matĆ©riau diĆ©lectrique Ć©lastique, par exemple en Ć©thylĆØne-propylĆØne-diĆØne-monomĆØre, matĆ©riau Ć©galement dĆ©signĆ© par l'acronyme EPDM.The spacers 22 to 24 are made of dielectric material, for example thermosetting polymer or thermoplastic polymer and, advantageously, polycarbonate loaded with glass fibers. Advantageously identical, the three seals 29 are made of an elastic dielectric material, for example ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer material also designated by the acronym EPDM.

Sur la figure 3, on peut voir Ʃgalement un ƩlƩment d'isolation en forme de portion d'enveloppe, et plus prƩcisƩment en forme d'Ʃtrier 30, qui dƩlimite un logement 31 partiellement ouvert, notamment latƩralement. Cet Ʃtrier 30 comporte une paroi d'extrƩmitƩ ou embase 32, Ơ partir de laquelle s'Ʃtendent deux ailes en regard 33, de part et d'autre de l'axe longitudinal X-X'.On the figure 3 it is also possible to see an insulation element in the form of an envelope portion, and more precisely in the form of a stirrup 30, which delimits a housing 31 partially open, in particular laterally. This stirrup 30 comprises an end wall or base 32, from which extend two facing wings 33, on either side of the longitudinal axis X-X '.

L'embase 32 est percƩe de part en part d'un trou circulaire 34 centrƩ sur l'axe X-X'. Chaque aile 33 comporte une gorge longitudinale extƩrieure 35 de rƩception d'un tirant de bridage qui n'est pas reprƩsentƩ Ơ la figure 3 et dont la fonction sera explicitƩe par la suite.The base 32 is pierced right through a circular hole 34 centered on the axis X-X '. Each wing 33 has an outer longitudinal groove 35 for receiving a clamping tie which is not shown in FIG. figure 3 and whose function will be explained later.

L'Ć©trier 30 peut ĆŖtre rĆ©alisĆ© en tout matĆ©riau diĆ©lectrique appropriĆ©, par exemple Ć  partir de toile bakĆ©lisĆ©e, telle que celle commercialisĆ©e sous la dĆ©nomination Ā« CELORON Ā», ou en polyimide, tel qu'en polyimide commercialisĆ© sous la dĆ©nomination Ā« ULTEM Ā».The stirrup 30 may be made of any suitable dielectric material, for example from bakelized fabric, such as that marketed under the name "CELORON", or polyimide, such as polyimide sold under the name "ULTEM".

Sur la figure 4, le corps 10 et la cartouche 11 sont dissociĆ©s l'un de l'autre. La cartouche 11 comporte un embout mĆ¢le 40, de raccordement dans l'entrĆ©e d'un passage 41 d'une maniĆØre classique. Dans l'exemple reprĆ©sentĆ©, la fixation de la cartouche 11 utilise une alternative au sertissage, Ć  savoir un organe amovible de serrage 43. VissĆ© dans le passage 41, cet organe amovible de serrage 43 retient la cartouche 11 en place.On the figure 4 the body 10 and the cartridge 11 are dissociated from each other. The cartridge 11 comprises a male end 40 connecting to the entrance of a passage 41 in a conventional manner. In the example shown, the fixing of the cartridge 11 uses an alternative to crimping, namely a removable clamping member 43. Screwed into the passage 41, this removable clamping member 43 holds the cartridge 11 in place.

Le corps 10 est Ć©galement percĆ© d'un trou axial 42 pour le passage d'une barre mobile de support et de traction 50, dont une tĆŖte constitue un piston 51 destinĆ© Ć  ĆŖtre montĆ© Ć  coulissement dans le corps 10 et pourvu, dans l'exemple reprĆ©sentĆ©, de deux joints d'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© annulaire 52 dĆ©calĆ©s axialement. Avantageusement, la barre 50 et le piston 51 sont coaxiaux. Chacun d'eux constitue l'une de deux piĆØces mĆ©talliques d'un seul tenant, vissĆ©es l'une dans l'autre et, par exemple, faites d'acier appropriĆ©.The body 10 is also pierced with an axial hole 42 for the passage of a movable support and traction bar 50, a head of which constitutes a piston 51 intended to be slidably mounted in the body 10 and provided, in the example shown, two annular seals 52 axially offset. Advantageously, the bar 50 and the piston 51 are coaxial. Each of them is one of two pieces of metal in one piece, screwed into one another and, for example, made of suitable steel.

A l'extrƩmitƩ opposƩe de celle pourvue du piston 51, la barre mobile 50 porte un Ʃcrou 53 qui dƩfinit un rebord d'entraƮnement dans le sens d'une traction vers l'actionneur pyrotechnique 7 et qui est rigidement associƩ Ơ la barre mobile 50, par vissage.At the opposite end of that provided with the piston 51, the movable bar 50 carries a nut 53 which defines a drive flange in the direction of traction towards the pyrotechnic actuator 7 and which is rigidly associated with the movable bar 50 , by screwing.

A la maniĆØre d'un guide axial, la barre mobile 50 porte quatre contacts qui sont enfilĆ©s de maniĆØre coulissante axialement sur elle et qui sont plus prĆ©cisĆ©ment un contact fixe de mise Ć  la terre 60 et trois contacts mobiles 61, 62 et 63. La barre mobile 50 est Ć©lectriquement conductrice et connecte Ć©lectriquement entre eux le contact fixe 60 et les trois contacts mobiles 61 Ć  63.In the manner of an axial guide, the movable bar 50 carries four contacts which are slidably slid axially on it and which are more precisely a fixed ground contact 60 and three movable contacts 61, 62 and 63. The movable bar 50 is electrically conductive and electrically connects between them the fixed contact 60 and the three movable contacts 61 to 63.

Chacun de ces trois contacts mobiles 61 Ć  63 prĆ©sente la forme d'un anneau de connexion Ć©lectrique par contact direct, plusieurs fois fendu de sorte Ć  ĆŖtre Ć©lastiquement dĆ©formable vers l'intĆ©rieur, vers une configuration contractĆ©e dans laquelle cet anneau est apte Ć  exercer un serrage centrifuge. Chacun des contacts mobiles 61 Ć  63 est pourvu d'un poussoir tubulaire 66 qui le prolonge en lui Ć©tant rigidement associĆ©.Each of these three movable contacts 61 to 63 has the form of a direct contact electrical connection ring, several times slit so as to be elastically deformable inwards, to a contracted configuration in which this ring is able to exert a centrifugal clamping. Each of the movable contacts 61 to 63 is provided with a tubular pusher 66 which extends it by being rigidly associated with it.

Comme le contact fixe 60, l'ensemble formĆ© par le contact mobile 61 et un poussoir 66 est une piĆØce d'un seul tenant faite d'un matĆ©riau Ć©lectriquement conducteur, tel que du cuivre ou un alliage Ć  base de cuivre. Lui sont avantageusement identiques l'ensemble formĆ© par le contact mobile 62 et un autre poussoir 66, de mĆŖme que l'ensemble formĆ© par le contact mobile 63 et le dernier poussoir 66.Like the fixed contact 60, the assembly formed by the movable contact 61 and a pusher 66 is an integral piece made of an electrically conductive material, such as copper or a copper-based alloy. It is advantageously identical the assembly formed by the movable contact 62 and another pusher 66, as well as the assembly formed by the movable contact 63 and the last pusher 66.

Le contact fixe 60 comporte une collerette 67 d'appui contre le corps 10, ainsi qu'un prolongement axial et tubulaire de connexion Ʃlectrique par contact direct 68, dont l'extrƩmitƩ libre comporte un chanfrein annulaire et externe de centrage 69.The fixed contact 60 comprises a flange 67 bearing against the body 10, as well as an axial and tubular extension of electrical connection by direct contact 68, whose free end comprises an annular and external centering groove 69.

Toujours sur la figure 4, les constituants d'un sous-ensemble de bridage comportent deux tirants opposƩs 70, dont chacun prƩsente la forme d'un goujon dans l'exemple reprƩsentƩ. Un Ʃcrou 71 et une rondelle 72 associƩe Ơ cet Ʃcrou Ʃquipent une extrƩmitƩ de chaque tirant 70, dont l'autre extrƩmitƩ est soit ƩquipƩe, elle aussi ,d'une rondelle et d'un Ʃcrou, soit vissƩe dans le corps 10 de l'actionneur pyrotechnique 7.Always on the figure 4 , the components of a clamping subassembly comprise two opposite tie rods 70, each of which has the form of a stud in the example shown. A nut 71 and a washer 72 associated with this nut equip one end of each tie rod 70, the other end of which is also equipped with a washer and a nut, or screwed into the body 10 of the pyrotechnic actuator 7.

Le sous-ensemble de bridage comporte Ć©galement une plaque de bridage axial 73 et le corps 10, qui sont disposĆ©s Ć  l'opposĆ© l'un de l'autre, de maniĆØre Ć  retenir entre eux, axialement, les Ć©lĆ©ments enfilĆ©s sur la barre de support 50, ainsi qu'on peut le voir aux figures 1 et 2. La plaque de bridage 73 est percĆ©e d'un palier 74 de guidage axial d'une extrĆ©mitĆ© de l'ensemble mobile comprenant le piston 51, la barre 50, l'Ć©crou 53, les poussoirs 66 et les contacts mobiles 61 Ć  63.The clamping subassembly also comprises an axial clamping plate 73 and the body 10, which are arranged opposite one another, so as to retain between them, axially, the elements slipped on the bar of support 50, as can be seen at Figures 1 and 2 . The clamping plate 73 is pierced with a bearing 74 for axial guidance of one end of the moving assembly comprising the piston 51, the bar 50, the nut 53, the pushers 66 and the movable contacts 61 to 63.

En d'autres termes, les composants du court-circuiteur 1 sont maintenus assemblĆ©s par la barre mobile de support 50 et par une retenue axiale. Plus prĆ©cisĆ©ment, la barre mobile 50 passe Ć  travers certains composant et les retient ainsi latĆ©ralement, comme on peut bien le voir Ć  la figure 5. Une retenue agit de maniĆØre complĆ©mentaire, dans la direction axiale, c'est-Ć -dire dans celle dĆ©finie par l'axe longitudinal X-X'. Elle est le fait du sous-ensemble de bridage, dont les constituants sont montrĆ©s assemblĆ©s Ć  la figure 7. Sur cette derniĆØre, d'autres constituants du court-circuiteur 1 ne sont pas reprĆ©sentĆ©s dans un souci de clartĆ©. Chacun placĆ© d'un des deux cĆ“tĆ©s de l'Ć©trier 30, les tirants 70 tirent le corps 10 et la plaque de bridage 73 l'un vers l'autre et, ce faisant, les brident sur cet Ć©trier 30.In other words, the components of the short-circuiter 1 are held together by the movable support bar 50 and by an axial restraint. More specifically, the movable bar 50 passes through certain components and thus retains them laterally, as can be clearly seen in FIG. figure 5 . A retaining acts in a complementary manner, in the axial direction, that is to say in that defined by the longitudinal axis X-X '. It is the fact of the bridle subassembly, whose constituents are shown assembled to the figure 7 . On the latter, other constituents of the short-circuiter 1 are not represented for the sake of clarity. Each placed on one of the two sides of the stirrup 30, the tie rods 70 pull the body 10 and the clamping plate 73 towards one another and, in so doing, clamp them on this stirrup 30.

Le schƩma 8 illustre la disposition du piston 51 montƩ coulissant dans un cylindre 80, que dƩfinit le corps 10 de l'actionneur pyrotechnique 7. Les joints annulaires 52 assurent une double ƩtanchƩitƩ annulaire entre le piston 51 et la paroi du cylindre 80.Figure 8 illustrates the arrangement of the piston 51 slidably mounted in a cylinder 80, which defines the body 10 of the pyrotechnic actuator 7. The annular seals 52 provide a double annular seal between the piston 51 and the wall of the cylinder 80.

Le passage 41 d'amenƩ des gaz d'actionnement dƩbouche dans une chambre 81 de compression puis d'expansion de ces gaz. La paroi latƩrale et un fond du cylindre 80, ainsi que le piston 51, une partie de la barre mobile 50 et un joint d'ƩtanchƩitƩ annulaire 82 dƩlimitent conjointement cette chambre de compression puis d'expansion 81, d'un cotƩ du piston 51, Ơ savoir du cƓtƩ de la barre mobile 50 et du bloc ƩlectromƩcanique 6. De la sorte, le mouvement du piston 51 sous l'action des gaz pyrotechniques s'effectue dans le sens d'une traction T sur la barre mobile 50, vers l'actionneur pyrotechnique 7, et non d'une poussƩe dans le sens inverse. L'axe longitudinal X-X' est Ʃgalement l'axe de coulissement de l'ensemble mobile comprenant le piston 51, la barre 50 et l'Ʃcrou 53, que la barre 50 accouple au piston 51.The passage 41 of brought actuating gases opens into a chamber 81 of compression and expansion of these gases. The side wall and a bottom of the cylinder 80, as well as the piston 51, a part of the movable bar 50 and an annular seal 82 jointly delimit the compression chamber and then expansion chamber 81, on one side of the piston 51 , ie on the side of the movable bar 50 and the electromechanical block 6. In this way, the movement of the piston 51 under the action of the pyrotechnic gases is effected in the direction of a traction T on the movable bar 50, towards the pyrotechnic actuator 7, and not a thrust in the opposite direction. The longitudinal axis X-X 'is also the sliding axis of the moving assembly comprising the piston 51, the bar 50 and the nut 53, which the bar 50 couples to the piston 51.

Le joint 82 a pour fonction de rƩaliser une ƩtanchƩitƩ annulaire entre la barre mobile 50 et un palier 83 de guidage axial de cette barre 50.The function of the seal 82 is to provide an annular seal between the movable bar 50 and a bearing 83 for axial guidance of this bar 50.

A l'opposĆ© de la chambre 81, une butĆ©e amovible de sĆ©curitĆ© 84 est vissĆ©e dans le cylindre 80 et a pour fonction d'empĆŖcher une Ć©jection accidentelle du piston 51 hors du corps 10. PercĆ©e d'un passage axial traversant 85, elle peut ĆŖtre traversĆ©e par un Ć©coulement d'air vers ou depuis l'extĆ©rieur, de maniĆØre Ć  ne pas rĆ©aliser une fermeture Ć©tanche.In contrast to the chamber 81, a removable safety stop 84 is screwed into the cylinder 80 and serves to prevent accidental ejection the piston 51 out of the body 10. Drilled a through axial passage 85, it can be traversed by an air flow to or from the outside, so as not to achieve a tight seal.

Sur la figure 5, le court-circuiteur 1 est ouvert, dans une position d'attente ou position armĆ©e oĆ¹ il n'Ć©tablit pas de court-circuit. Ainsi qu'on peut le voir sur cette figure 5, les entretoises 22 Ć  24 sont disposĆ©es Ć  la suite selon l'axe X-X', en s'emboĆ®tant partiellement les unes dans les autres de maniĆØre Ć  former conjointement un ensemble isolant, qui comprend Ć©galement les joints 29 et qui est fait d'un matĆ©riau diĆ©lectrique solide.On the figure 5 , the short-circuiter 1 is open, in a waiting position or armed position where it does not establish a short circuit. As can be seen on this figure 5 the spacers 22 to 24 are subsequently arranged along the X-X 'axis, partially fitting into each other so as to form together an insulating assembly, which also comprises the seals 29 and which is made of a solid dielectric material.

La portion intercalaire 27 de l'entretoise 22 isole les deux bornes 2 et 3 l'une de l'autre. Cette entretoise 22 isole Ć©galement la borne 2 et le contact mobile 61 entre eux. Un des joints 29 participe Ć  l'isolation Ć©lectrique entre ce contact mobile 61 et la borne 3. Le tenon 26 de l'entretoise 22 maintient axialement le contact mobile 61 Ć  l'Ć©cart du contact fixe 60 et de la borne 2.The intermediate portion 27 of the spacer 22 isolates the two terminals 2 and 3 from each other. This spacer 22 also isolates the terminal 2 and the movable contact 61 between them. One of the seals 29 participates in the electrical insulation between this movable contact 61 and the terminal 3. The pin 26 of the spacer 22 axially holds the movable contact 61 away from the fixed contact 60 and the terminal 2.

La portion intercalaire 27 de l'entretoise 23 isole les deux bornes 3 et 4 l'une de l'autre. Cette entretoise 23 isole Ć©galement la borne 3 et le contact mobile 62 entre eux. Un des joints 29 participe Ć  l'isolation Ć©lectrique entre ce contact mobile 62 et la borne 4. Le tenon 26 de l'entretoise 23 maintient axialement les contacts mobiles 61 et 62 Ć  l'Ć©cart de la borne 3.The intermediate portion 27 of the spacer 23 isolates the two terminals 3 and 4 from each other. This spacer 23 also isolates the terminal 3 and the movable contact 62 between them. One of the seals 29 participates in the electrical insulation between this movable contact 62 and the terminal 4. The post 26 of the spacer 23 axially holds the movable contacts 61 and 62 away from the terminal 3.

La portion intercalaire 27 de l'entretoise 24 isole la borne 4 et la plaque de bridage 73 l'une de l'autre. Cette entretoise 24 isole Ć©galement la borne 4 et le contact mobile 63 entre eux. Un des joints 29 participe Ć  l'isolation Ć©lectrique entre ce contact mobile 63 et la plaque de bridage 73. Le tenon 26 de l'entretoise 24 maintient axialement les contacts mobiles 62 et 63 Ć  l'Ć©cart de la borne 4.The intermediate portion 27 of the spacer 24 isolates the terminal 4 and the clamping plate 73 from one another. This spacer 24 also isolates the terminal 4 and the movable contact 63 between them. One of the seals 29 participates in the electrical insulation between this movable contact 63 and the clamping plate 73. The pin 26 of the spacer 24 axially holds the movable contacts 62 and 63 away from the terminal 4.

Le contact fixe 60 est immobilisƩ axialement par serrage de sa collerette 67 entre le corps 10 de l'actionneur pyrotechnique 7 et l'embase 32 de l'Ʃtrier 30.The fixed contact 60 is immobilized axially by clamping its flange 67 between the body 10 of the pyrotechnic actuator 7 and the base 32 of the stirrup 30.

Chacune des entretoises 22 Ć  24 comporte une cloison sĆ©cable ou frangible 90, dont une est aisĆ©ment discernable Ć  la figure 9. Sur cette figure 9, on voit qu'une telle cloison frangible 90 associe entre eux le tenon 26 et la portion intercalaire 27 de chacune des entretoises 22 Ć  24, tout en isolant l'une des bornes 2 Ć  4 de l'un des contacts mobiles 61 Ć  63. De maniĆØre attenante Ć  chaque cloison frangible 90, une couronne 91 de gaz d'isolation Ć©lectrique tel que de l'air est confinĆ©e, en Ć©tant localisĆ©e de faƧon Ć  complĆ©ter l'isolation Ć©lectrique que rĆ©alise cette cloison frangible 90 entre l'une des bornes 2 Ć  4 et l'un des contacts mobiles 61 Ć  63.Each of the spacers 22 to 24 comprises a breakable or frangible partition 90, one of which is easily discernible to the figure 9 . On this figure 9 it can be seen that such a frangible partition 90 associates between them the post 26 and the intermediate portion 27 of each of the spacers 22 to 24, while isolating one of the terminals 2 to 4 of one of the movable contacts 61 to 63 Adjoining each frangible partition 90, a ring 91 of electrical insulation gas such as air is confined, being localized so as to complete the electrical insulation that makes this frangible partition 90 between one of the terminals 2 to 4 and one of the movable contacts 61 to 63.

Il ressort de ce qui prĆ©cĆØde que le court-circuiteur 1 possĆØde une conception modulaire, ce qui est avantageux.It follows from the above that the short-circuiter 1 has a modular design, which is advantageous.

Sur la figure 5, chacun des contacts mobiles 61 Ơ 63 est dƩcalƩ axialement de chacune des bornes 2 Ơ 4. Le contact mobile 61 se trouve dans un espace de rangement ou d'attente 92 situƩ entre les deux bornes consƩcutives 2 et 3. Le contact mobile 62 se trouve dans un autre espace d'attente 92, qui est situƩ entre les deux bornes consƩcutives 3 et 4.On the figure 5 , each of the movable contacts 61 to 63 is axially offset from each of terminals 2 to 4. The movable contact 61 is in a storage or waiting space 92 located between the two consecutive terminals 2 and 3. The movable contact 62 is located in another waiting space 92, which is located between the two consecutive terminals 3 and 4.

Chacun des contacts mobiles 61 Ơ 63 est en outre isolƩ Ʃlectriquement des bornes 2 Ơ 4, par l'ensemble isolant comprenant la succession d'entretoises 22 Ơ 24, les joints 29 et les couronnes de gaz 91. Cet ensemble isolant isole Ʃgalement les bornes 2 Ơ 4 Ʃlectriquement du contact fixe 60. Le court-circuiteur 1 est ainsi dans une position ouverte d'attente, dans laquelle il n'Ʃtablit aucun court-circuit.Each of the movable contacts 61 to 63 is further electrically isolated from the terminals 2 to 4, by the insulating assembly comprising the succession of spacers 22 to 24, the seals 29 and the gas rings 91. This insulating assembly also isolates the terminals 2 to 4 electrically fixed contact 60. The short-circuiter 1 is thus in an open waiting position, in which it establishes no short circuit.

L'ensemble isolant prƩcitƩ prƩsente l'avantage de prƩsenter une tenue suffisamment importante pour pouvoir rƩsister aux chocs de foudre. En particulier, il rƩsiste Ơ une onde impulsionnelle de 12 kV, sans endommagement, et satisfait aux exigences de la norme IEC 60947-1.The above-mentioned insulating assembly has the advantage of having a sufficiently high resistance to be able to withstand lightning strikes. In particular, it resists a pulse wave of 12 kV, without damage, and meets the requirements of IEC 60947-1.

Lorsque le court-circuiteur 1 ouvert comme Ć  la figure 5 est connectĆ© dans un circuit sous tension, des champs Ć©lectriques et magnĆ©tiques importants sont produits autour des bornes 2 Ć  4. Ces champs pourraient gĆ©nĆ©rer un risque de mise Ć  feu malencontreux de la cartouche pyrotechnique 11. Dans le court-circuiteur 1, ce risque est efficacement contrecarrĆ© par plusieurs caractĆ©ristiques. D'une part, l'Ć©trier 30, en particulier son embase 32, assure une isolation efficace entre les bornes 2 Ć  4 et l'actionneur pyrotechnique 7, et notamment sa cartouche pyrotechnique 11. D'autre part, grĆ¢ce Ć  la disposition relative de la chambre de compression puis d'expansion 81 et du piston 51 selon l'axe X-X' et grĆ¢ce Ć  l'entraĆ®nement de la barre mobile d'accouplement 50 selon un mouvement de traction T, aucun des contacts mobiles 61 Ć  63 ne se trouve entre cet actionneur 7 et la borne la plus proche de lui, c'est-Ć -dire la borne 2. En outre, le sous-ensemble de bridage comportant les deux tirants opposĆ©s 70, la plaque de bridage 73 et le corps 10 forme un ceinture qui constitue une boucle conductrice fermĆ©e sur elle-mĆŖme et qui entoure les bornes 2 Ć  4. On pense que cette boucle conductrice agit Ć  l'encontre de la propagation des champs Ć©lectriques et magnĆ©tiques, selon le principe mis en oeuvre dans les cages dites de Faraday.When the short-circuiter 1 opened as at figure 5 is connected in a circuit under voltage, significant electric and magnetic fields are generated around the terminals 2 to 4. These fields could generate a risk of untimely fire of the pyrotechnic cartridge 11. In the short-circuiter 1, this risk is effectively thwarted by several features. On the one hand, the stirrup 30, in particular its base 32, provides effective insulation between the terminals 2 to 4 and the pyrotechnic actuator 7, and in particular its pyrotechnic cartridge 11. On the other hand, thanks to the relative provision of the compression and expansion chamber 81 and the piston 51 along the axis XX 'and by driving the movable coupling bar 50 in a traction movement T, none of the movable contacts 61 to 63 are is located between this actuator 7 and the terminal closest to it, that is to say the terminal 2. In addition, the clamping subassembly comprising the two opposite tie rods 70, the clamping plate 73 and the body 10 form a belt which constitutes a conductive loop closed on itself and which surrounds the terminals 2 to 4. It is believed that this conductive loop acts against the propagation of the electric and magnetic fields, according to the principle implemented in the so-called Faraday cages.

Le court-circuiteur 1 peut ĆŖtre utilisĆ© dans un dispositif de lutte contre les arcs Ć©lectriques, notamment les arcs internes. Ce dispositif peut ĆŖtre semblable Ć  celui dĆ©crit dans la demande de brevet europĆ©en EP 2 073 229 prĆ©citĆ©e et comporter un ou plusieurs capteurs de dĆ©tection d'un arc, ainsi qu'une centrale de dĆ©cision et de commande. Cette derniĆØre est apte Ć  envoyer un ordre de dĆ©clanchement de la cartouche pyrotechnique 11 dans le cas oĆ¹ cette centrale vient de recevoir un signal adressĆ© par au moins un des capteurs et signalant la dĆ©tection d'un arc Ć©lectrique.The short-circuiter 1 can be used in an arcing device, including the internal arcs. This device may be similar to that described in the application for European patent EP 2 073 229 above and include one or more sensors for detecting an arc, as well as a central decision and control. The latter is able to send a triggering order for the pyrotechnic cartridge 11 in the case where this unit has just received a signal addressed by at least one of the sensors and signaling the detection of an electric arc.

Un dĆ©clenchement de la cartouche pyrotechnique 11 conduit Ć  ce qu'y est initiĆ©e une rĆ©action chimique gĆ©nĆ©rant trĆØs rapidement des gaz d'actionnement. Par le passage 41, ces gaz s'acheminent jusqu'Ć  la chambre 81, oĆ¹ ils y font monter la pression en un temps extrĆŖmement bref. Dans un premier temps, cette pression s'accroĆ®t sans provoquer immĆ©diatement un actionnement du piston 51 et de l'ensemble mobile accouplĆ© Ć  ce piston. Cela rĆ©sulte de la retenue de cet ensemble mobile par les entretoises 22 Ć  24. Lorsque la pression dans la chambre 81 est suffisamment Ć©levĆ©e, les cloisons frangibles 90 de ces entretoises rompent ensemble, ce qui libĆØre brusquement le piston 51 et l'ensemble mobile accouplĆ© Ć  ce piston 51. L'Ć©nergie qui s'est emmagasinĆ©e dans la chambre de compression 81 jusqu'Ć  la rupture de ces cloisons fait que la puissance d'entraĆ®nement libĆ©rĆ©e par cette rupture est trĆØs Ć©levĆ©e et propulse le piston 51 Ć  grande vitesse dans le sens indiquĆ© par la flĆØche T Ć  la figure 5. Les cloisons frangibles 90 sont calibrĆ©es pour rompre lorsque la pression dans la chambre 81 atteint un seuil prĆ©dĆ©terminĆ©.A triggering of the pyrotechnic cartridge 11 leads to the initiation of a chemical reaction generating very rapidly actuating gases. Through the passage 41, these gases proceed to the chamber 81, where they raise the pressure in an extremely short time. In a first step, this pressure increases without immediately causing actuation of the piston 51 and the movable assembly coupled to this piston. This results from the retention of this moving assembly by the spacers 22 to 24. When the pressure in the chamber 81 is sufficiently high, the frangible partitions 90 of these spacers break together, which suddenly releases the piston 51 and the coupled mobile assembly. 51. The energy stored in the compression chamber 81 until the rupture of these partitions makes the driving power released by this rupture is very high and propels the piston 51 at high speed into the piston. the direction indicated by the arrow T at the figure 5 . The frangible partitions 90 are calibrated to break when the pressure in the chamber 81 reaches a predetermined threshold.

Il ressort de ce qui prĆ©cĆØde que les cloisons frangibles 90 remplissent plusieurs fonctions, ce qui est avantageux, notamment en termes de simplicitĆ© d'ensemble, de coĆ»t et d'encombrement. En particulier, elle rĆ©alisent une isolation Ć©lectrique avant le dĆ©clenchement de l'actionneur pyrotechnique 7, puis elles interviennent directement dans le fonctionnement de cet actionneur 7 une fois celui-ci dĆ©clenchĆ©.It follows from the foregoing that the frangible partitions 90 serve several functions, which is advantageous, especially in terms of overall simplicity, cost and space. In particular, they perform an electrical isolation prior to the triggering of the pyrotechnic actuator 7, then they intervene directly in the operation of this actuator 7 once it is triggered.

A cet Ć©gard, la rupture des cloisons frangibles 90 Ć  une pression donnĆ©e, c'est-Ć -dire prĆ©dĆ©finie, permet d'atteindre des temps de fermeture trĆØs bas, notamment de moins de 1 ms, y compris dans des cas oĆ¹ une poudre dĆ©flagrante est utilisĆ©e pour gĆ©nĆ©rer les gaz d'actionnement dans l'actionneur pyrotechnique 7.In this respect, the rupture of the frangible partitions 90 at a given pressure, that is to say a predefined pressure, makes it possible to achieve very short closing times, in particular of less than 1 ms, including in cases where a powder explosion is used to generate the actuating gases in the pyrotechnic actuator 7.

L'ensemble mobile accouplĆ© au piston 51 est propulsĆ© aussi rapidement que ce piston 51 lui-mĆŖme. Il comprend les contacts mobiles, dont celui rĆ©fĆ©rencĆ© 63 est entraĆ®nĆ© avec un poussoir 66 poussĆ© par l'Ć©crou 53. Par l'intermĆ©diaire d'un des autres poussoirs 66, ce contact mobile 63 actionne Ć  son tour le contact mobile 62, qui lui-mĆŖme pousse sur le dernier poussoir 66 et entraĆ®ne ainsi le contact mobile 61 sur le prolongement 68 du contact fixe 60.The movable assembly coupled to the piston 51 is propelled as quickly as the piston 51 itself. It comprises the movable contacts, whose referenced 63 is driven with a pusher 66 pushed by the nut 53. Via one of the other pushers 66, the movable contact 63 in turn actuates the movable contact 62, which even pushes on the last pusher 66 and thus causes the movable contact 61 on the extension 68 of the fixed contact 60.

Le court-circuiteur 1 passe de la configuration ouverte de la figure 5 Ć  la configuration de court-circuit de la figure 6, en un temps extrĆŖmement bref Ć  partir de l'initiation de la cartouche pyrotechnique 11. En particulier, on a rĆ©ussit Ć  atteindre des temps de fermeture infĆ©rieurs Ć  1 ms Ć  partir de l'initiation de la cartouche pyrotechnique 11.The short-circuiter 1 goes from the open configuration of the figure 5 to the short circuit configuration of the figure 6 in a very short time from the initiation of the pyrotechnic cartridge 11. In particular, it has been possible to achieve closing times of less than 1 ms from the initiation of the pyrotechnic cartridge 11.

En outre, les contacts mobiles 61 Ć  63 atteignent sensiblement en mĆŖme temps les bornes 2 Ć  4. Il s'ensuit que les mises en court-circuit des diffĆ©rentes phases sont pratiquement simultanĆ©es, au lieu d'ĆŖtre successives. Au contraire, dans le dispositif reprĆ©sentĆ© Ć  la figure 5 de la demande de brevet internationale WO 99/21255 prĆ©citĆ©e, les mises en court-circuit des diffĆ©rentes phases sont successives.In addition, the movable contacts 61 to 63 substantially reach at the same time the terminals 2 to 4. It follows that the short-circuiting of the different phases are practically simultaneous, instead of being successive. On the contrary, in the device shown in figure 5 of the international patent application WO 99/21255 aforementioned, the short-circuiting of the different phases are successive.

L'ensemble mobile accouplĆ© au piston 51 comprend plusieurs piĆØces. Au lieu d'ĆŖtre propulsĆ©es dans la direction opposĆ©e Ć  l'actionneur 7, ces piĆØces sont propulsĆ©s vers l'embase 32 de l'Ć©trier 30 et vers le corps 10 de cet actionneur 7. Il s'ensuit plusieurs avantages, dont un est une rĆ©duction considĆ©rable du risque de projection de piĆØce hors du court-circuiteur 1 lors de son fonctionnement, ce qui est trĆØs important en termes de sĆ©curitĆ©. Un deuxiĆØme avantage de la propulsion de l'ensemble mobile vers l'embase 32 et le corps 10 est que ces derniers forment une masse de contre-poussĆ©e ou d'arrĆŖt qui, agissant Ć  la maniĆØre d'une enclume, rĆ©duit l'importance du choc transmis aux Ć©lĆ©ments de fixation Ć  demeure du court-circuiteur 1 et rĆ©percutĆ© dans celui-ci.The moving assembly coupled to the piston 51 comprises a plurality of parts. Instead of being propelled in the opposite direction to the actuator 7, these parts are propelled towards the base 32 of the stirrup 30 and towards the body 10 of this actuator 7. There follows several advantages, one of which is a considerable reduction in the risk of projection of the part out of the short-circuiter 1 during its operation, which is very important in terms of safety. A second advantage of the propulsion of the moving assembly towards the base 32 and the body 10 is that the latter form a counter-thrust or stop mass which, acting in the manner of an anvil, reduces the importance of the shock transmitted to the permanent fixing elements of the short-circuiter 1 and echoed In this one.

Sur la figure 6, chacun des contacts mobiles 61 Ć  63 est comprimĆ© dans un trou 20 d'une des bornes 2 Ć  4 et exerce un serrage radial sur la surface de ce trou 20. Il s'ensuit un contact Ć©lectrique trĆØs efficace. Tel n'est pas le cas dans le dispositif reprĆ©sentĆ© Ć  la figure 5 de la demande de brevet internationale WO 99/21255 prĆ©citĆ©e. A cet Ć©gard, on pense mĆŖme que le fonctionnement effectif de ce dispositif est sujet Ć  caution. En effet, l'unique piĆØce mobile de mise en court-circuit dans le dispositif de la demande WO 99/21255 pourrait agrandir les trous des bornes, vers une forme globale Ć©vasĆ©e, lors de sa projection Ć  travers ces bornes. Cela rĆ©sulterait d'un phĆ©nomĆØne qui est bien connu en balistique.On the figure 6 , each of the movable contacts 61 to 63 is compressed in a hole 20 of one of the terminals 2 to 4 and exerts a radial clamping on the surface of this hole 20. It follows a very effective electrical contact. This is not the case in the device shown in figure 5 of the international patent application WO 99/21255 supra. In this respect, it is even thought that the actual functioning of this device is questionable. Indeed, the single mobile part of short-circuit in the device of the application WO 99/21255 could enlarge the holes of the terminals, towards a flared global shape, during its projection through these terminals. This would result from a phenomenon that is well known in ballistics.

Toujours sur la figure 6, les contacts mobiles 61 Ơ 63 sont raccordƩs les uns aux autres, ce qui rƩalise le court-circuit recherchƩ. Ces contacts mobiles 61 Ơ 63 sont en outre raccordƩs au contact fixe 60, qui est reliƩ Ơ la terre par un conducteur non reprƩsentƩ dans un souci de clartƩ. En rƩsumƩ, les bornes 2 Ơ 4 sont en court-circuit et raccordƩes Ơ la terre Ơ la figure 6.Always on the figure 6 , the movable contacts 61 to 63 are connected to each other, which achieves the short-circuit sought. These movable contacts 61 to 63 are further connected to the fixed contact 60, which is connected to the earth by a driver not shown for the sake of clarity. In summary, terminals 2 to 4 are short-circuited and connected to the ground at the figure 6 .

Il rĆ©sulte de ce qui prĆ©cĆØde que le court-circuiteur 1 rĆ©alise des mises en court-circuit Ć  la fois extrĆŖmement rapides, franches, et simultanĆ©s ou pratiquement simultanĆ©s.It follows from the foregoing that the short-circuiter 1 performs short-circuiting at the same time extremely fast, frank, and simultaneous or almost simultaneous.

GrĆ¢ce notamment aux contacts Ć©lectriques trĆØs efficaces entre les bornes 2 Ć  4 et les contacts mobiles 61 Ć  63 comprimĆ©s dans ces bornes dans la position fermĆ©e de court-circuit de la figure 6, le court-circuiteur 1 est en outre Ć  mĆŖme de rĆ©sister pendant des durĆ©es de 100 Ć  500 ms Ć  des courts-circuits dont le courant prĆ©sente une intensitĆ© comprise entre 10 kA et 150 kA rms. Il s'ensuit que le court-circuiteur 1 est particuliĆØrement adaptĆ© pour la protection d'une installation Ć©lectrique de forte puissance, mĆŖme s'il peut Ć©galement convenir pour une autre installation, telle qu'une installation de moyenne puissance.Thanks in particular to the very effective electrical contacts between the terminals 2 to 4 and the mobile contacts 61 to 63 tablets in these terminals in the closed position of short circuit of the figure 6 , the short-circuiter 1 is also able to resist for periods of 100 to 500 ms to short circuits whose current has an intensity of between 10 kA and 150 kA rms. It follows that the short-circuiter 1 is particularly suitable for the protection of a high power electrical installation, although it may also be suitable for another installation, such as a medium power installation.

Alors que, d'aprĆØs ce que savent les inventeurs Ć  l'origine de la prĆ©sente invention, les courts-circuiteurs de l'art antĆ©rieur ne parviennent Ć  mettre en court-circuit les phases d'une installation triphasĆ©e qu'en 20 ms environ au mieux, le court-circuiteur 1 prĆ©sente l'avantage d'ĆŖtre extrĆŖmement plus rapide, puisqu'il peut rĆ©aliser une mise en court-circuit des phases d'une installation polyphasĆ©e en moins de 1 ms.While, according to the inventors at the origin of the present invention, the short-circuiters of the prior art fail to short-circuit the phases of a three-phase installation in about 20 ms at best, the short-circuiter 1 has the advantage of being extremely faster, since it can short-circuit the phases of a polyphase installation in less than 1 ms.

Sur la figure 10 est reprĆ©sentĆ©e une portion agrandie d'un court-circuiteur 101 selon une variante de rĆ©alisation de l'invention. Ce court-circuiteur 101 est globalement identique au court-circuiteur 1. Il comporte des entretoises identiques entre elles, qui remplacent les entretoises 22 Ć  24, en remplissant les mĆŖmes fonctions que celles-ci, et dont une est partiellement visible et rĆ©fĆ©rencĆ©e 123 Ć  la figure 10. Cette entretoise 123 confine une couronne de gaz 191, qui remplit la mĆŖme fonction d'isolation Ć©lectrique que la couronne de gaz 91 et qui s'en distingue par sa position, notamment par rapport Ć  la cloison frangible correspondante, rĆ©fĆ©rencĆ©e 190 dans le court-circuiteur 101 et Ć©quivalente Ć  celle rĆ©fĆ©rencĆ©e 90 dans le court-circuiteur 1.On the figure 10 is represented an enlarged portion of a short-circuiter 101 according to an alternative embodiment of the invention. This short-circuiter 101 is generally identical to the short-circuiter 1. It comprises spacers identical to each other, which replace the spacers 22 to 24, fulfilling the same functions as these, and one of which is partially visible and referenced 123 to the figure 10 . This spacer 123 confines a gas ring 191, which fulfills the same function of electrical insulation as the gas ring 91 and which is distinguished by its position, particularly with respect to the corresponding frangible partition, referenced 190 in the short- circuitry 101 and equivalent to that referenced 90 in the short-circuiter 1.

L'invention ne se limite pas au mode de rĆ©alisation et aux variantes dĆ©crits prĆ©cĆ©demment. En particulier, sa mise en oeuvre ne se limite pas au seul cas du triphasĆ©. Au contraire, l'invention trouve application Ć©galement dans d'autres configurations Ć©lectriques, notamment dans des configurations monophasĆ©es. En outre, la surface extĆ©rieure de la portion intercalaire d'isolation 27 peut ne pas ĆŖtre cylindrique. Notamment, elle peut possĆ©der une section transversale rectangulaire et/ou dĆ©finir des ailettes ou bourrelets se succĆ©dant selon la direction longitudinale.The invention is not limited to the embodiment and variants described above. In particular, its implementation is not limited to the single case of three-phase. On the contrary, the invention finds application also in other electrical configurations, especially in single-phase configurations. In addition, the outer surface of the insulating spacer portion 27 may not be cylindrical. In particular, it may have a rectangular cross section and / or define fins or beads succeeding one another in the longitudinal direction.

Claims (17)

Court-circuiteur Ć©lectrique triphasĆ©, comprenant : - des premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase (2-4), - une isolation par matiĆØre diĆ©lectrique (22-24, 29, 91 ; 123, 191) de ces premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase entre elles, et - un actionneur pyrotechnique (7) dĆ©limitant une chambre (81) d'expansion de gaz pyrotechniques d'actionnement,
caractĆ©risĆ© en ce qu'il comporte : - des premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts (61-63) mobiles entre une position ouverte d'attente (Fig. 5), dans laquelle l'isolation (22-24, 29, 91 ; 123, 191) isole Ć©lectriquement au moins les premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase entre elles, et une position fermĆ©e de court-circuit (Fig.6), dans laquelle chaque contact mobile (61-63) est connectĆ© directement Ć  l'une des premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase et dans laquelle les premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) sont connectĆ©s Ć©lectriquement entre eux, - un dispositif (50, 53) d'accouplement mĆ©canique des premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) Ć  l'actionneur pyrotechnique (7) et d'entraĆ®nement de ces premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) de la position ouverte d'attente Ć  la position fermĆ©e de court-circuit, sous une action propulsive de l'actionneur pyrotechnique (7), - au moins un premier espace d'attente (92) pour le premier contact mobile (61), Ć  un niveau situĆ© entre les premiĆØre et deuxiĆØme bornes de phase (2, 3), de maniĆØre que le premier contact mobile (61) se trouve dans ce premier espace d'attente (92) lorsque le premier contact mobile (61) est dans sa position ouverte d'attente, - au moins un deuxiĆØme espace d'attente (92) pour le deuxiĆØme contact mobile (62), Ć  un niveau situĆ© entre les deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase (3, 4), de maniĆØre que le deuxiĆØme contact mobile (62) se trouve dans ce deuxiĆØme espace d'attente (92) lorsque le deuxiĆØme contact mobile (62) est dans sa position ouverte d'attente,
ladite isolation (22-24, 29, 91 ; 123, 191) comportant des premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme cloisons diĆ©lectriques solides frangibles (90) dont chacune isole l'une des premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase (2-4) de l'un des premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) dans leurs positions ouvertes d'attente, ces premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme cloisons frangibles (90 ; 190) Ć©tant des cloisons de retenue des premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) et du dispositif d'accouplement mĆ©canique (50, 53) pour emmagasiner une Ć©nergie dans ladite chambre d'expansion (81), dans un premier temps aprĆØs un dĆ©clenchement de l'actionneur pyrotechnique (7), jusqu'Ć  une rupture des premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme cloisons frangibles (90 ; 190) et une libĆ©ration de ladite Ć©nergie lors de l'entraĆ®nement des premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) de leurs positions ouvertes d'attente vers leurs positions fermĆ©es de court-circuit, ladite chambre d'expansion (81) Ć©tant une chambre de compression puis d'expansion des gaz pyrotechniques d'actionnement. Three-phase electrical short circuit, comprising: first, second and third phase terminals (2-4), an insulation by dielectric material (22-24, 29, 91, 123, 191) of these first, second and third phase terminals between them, and a pyrotechnic actuator (7) delimiting a pyrotechnic gas expansion chamber (81) for actuation,
characterized in that it comprises: first, second and third contacts (61-63) movable between an open waiting position (FIG 5), wherein the insulation (22-24, 29, 91, 123, 191) electrically isolates at least the first, second and third phase terminals therebetween, and a closed short-circuit position (Fig.6), wherein each movable contact (61-63) is connected directly to one of the first, second and third terminals of phase and wherein the first, second and third movable contacts (61-63) are electrically connected to each other, - a device (50, 53) for mechanical coupling of the first, second and third movable contacts (61-63) to the pyrotechnic actuator (7) and for driving these first, second and third movable contacts (61-63 ) from the open waiting position to the closed short-circuit position, under a propulsive action of the pyrotechnic actuator (7), at least a first waiting space (92) for the first movable contact (61), at a level located between the first and second phase terminals (2, 3), so that the first movable contact (61) finds in this first waiting space (92) when the first movable contact (61) is in its open waiting position, at least a second waiting space (92) for the second movable contact (62), at a level located between the second and third phase terminals (3, 4), so that the second movable contact (62) finds in this second waiting space (92) when the second movable contact (62) is in its open waiting position,
said insulation (22-24, 29, 91; 123, 191) having first, second and third frangible solid dielectric partitions (90) each of which isolates one of the first, second and third phase terminals (2-4) of one of the first, second and third movable contacts (61-63) in their open waiting positions, these first, second and third frangible partitions (90; 190) being retaining partitions of the first, second and third movable contacts (61-63) and the mechanical coupling device (50, 53) for storing energy in said expansion chamber (81), firstly after a triggering of the pyrotechnic actuator (7), up to breaking the first, second and third breakable partitions (90; 190) and releasing said energy when driving the first, second and third movable contacts (61-63) from their open waiting positions to their closed positions short-circuit uit, said expansion chamber (81) being a chamber for compressing and then expanding the pyrotechnic actuating gases. Court-circuiteur selon la revendication 1, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce que chacune des premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase (2-4) comporte un trou (20) de rĆ©ception du contact mobile correspondant (61-63), chacun des premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) prĆ©sentant la forme d'un anneau conducteur qui comporte au moins une fente de maniĆØre Ć  ĆŖtre dĆ©formable Ć©lastiquement vers l'intĆ©rieur, vers une configuration contractĆ©e dans laquelle l'anneau conducteur est apte Ć  exercer un serrage centrifuge sur la surface du trou (20) de rĆ©ception du contact mobile (61-63) dĆ©fini par cet anneau conducteur.Short-circuiting device according to Claim 1, characterized in that each of the first, second and third phase terminals (2-4) comprises a hole (20) for receiving the corresponding moving contact (61-63), each of the first, second and second and third movable contacts (61-63) having the shape of a conductive ring which has at least one slot so as to be elastically deformable inward towards a contracted configuration in which the conductive ring is able to exert a tightening centrifugally on the surface of the hole (20) for receiving the movable contact (61-63) defined by this conducting ring. Court-circuiteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications prĆ©cĆ©dentes, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce que l'actionneur pyrotechnique (7) comporte un piston (51) et un corps (10) qui dĆ©finit un cylindre (80), le piston (51) et une paroi latĆ©rale du cylindre (80) dĆ©limitant partiellement ladite chambre d'expansion (81), le dispositif d'accouplement mĆ©canique (50, 53) comprenant une barre mobile (50) d'accouplement au piston (51), ce piston (51) Ć©tant montĆ© coulissant dans le cylindre (80) de maniĆØre que la chambre d'expansion (81) soit dĆ©limitĆ©e d'un cotĆ© du piston (51), Ć  savoir du cĆ“tĆ© de la barre mobile (50), de sorte que le mouvement du piston (51) sous l'action des gaz pyrotechniques d'actionnement s'effectue dans le sens d'une traction (T) sur la barre mobile (50), vers l'actionneur pyrotechnique (7).Short-circuiting device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pyrotechnic actuator (7) comprises a piston (51) and a body (10) which defines a cylinder (80), the piston (51) and a side wall of the cylinder (80) partially delimiting said expansion chamber (81), the mechanical coupling device (50, 53) comprising a movable bar (50) for coupling to the piston (51), said piston (51) being slidably mounted in the cylinder (80) so that the expansion chamber (81) is delimited on one side of the piston (51), namely on the side of the movable bar (50), so that the movement of the piston (51) under the action of the pyrotechnic actuating gases is carried in the direction of traction (T) on the movable bar (50), to the pyrotechnic actuator (7). Court-circuiteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications prĆ©cĆ©dentes, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce qu'il comporte une couronne de gaz d'isolation Ć©lectrique (91 ; 191) qui est confinĆ©e au moins par une partie en matĆ©riau diĆ©lectrique solide (23 ; 123) de l'isolation de maniĆØre Ć  isoler le premier contact mobile (61) dans sa position ouverte d'attente et la premiĆØre borne de phase (2) l'un de l'autre, ensemble avec l'une des premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme cloisons frangibles (90).Short-circuiting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a ring of electrical insulation gas (91; 191) which is confined at least by a portion of solid dielectric material (23; 123) of the insulation so as to isolate the first movable contact (61) in its open waiting position and the first phase terminal (2) from each other, together with one of the first, second and third partitions frangible (90). Court-circuiteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications prĆ©cĆ©dentes, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce que ladite isolation comporte au moins des premier et deuxiĆØme tronƧons isolants (22, 23) qui sont des piĆØces distinctes et qui se succĆØdent le long d'une direction (X-X') d'actionnement des premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) entre leurs positions ouvertes d'attente et fermĆ©es de court-circuit, le premier tronƧon isolant (22) comportant au moins la premiĆØre cloison frangible (90 ; 190) qui isole la premiĆØre borne de phase (2) du premier contact mobile (61) dans sa position ouverte d'attente et qui est frangible lors d'un dĆ©placement de ce premier contact mobile de sa position ouverte d'attente vers sa position fermĆ©e de court-circuit, le deuxiĆØme tronƧon isolant (23) comportant au moins la deuxiĆØme cloison frangible (90 ; 190) qui isole la deuxiĆØme borne de phase (3) du deuxiĆØme contact mobile (62), dans sa position ouverte d'attente, et qui est frangible lors d'un dĆ©placement de ce deuxiĆØme contact mobile (62) de sa position ouverte d'attente vers sa position fermĆ©e de court-circuit.Short-circuiting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said insulation comprises at least first and second insulating sections (22, 23) which are distinct pieces and which follow each other along a direction (X- X ') for actuating the first, second and third movable contacts (61-63) between their open waiting and closed short-circuit positions, the first insulating section (22) comprising at least the first frangible partition (90; 190) which isolates the first phase terminal (2) of the first movable contact (61) in its open waiting position and which is frangible upon a displacement of this first movable contact from its open waiting position to its position. closed from a short-circuit, the second insulating section (23) comprising at least the second frangible partition (90; 190) which isolates the second phase terminal (3) from the second movable contact (62) in its open waiting position, and which is frangible during a displacement of this second movable contact (62) from its open waiting position to its closed short-circuit position. Court-circuiteur selon la revendication 5, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce qu'au moins une portion intercalaire (27) du premier tronƧon isolant (22) se trouve entre lesdites premiĆØre et deuxiĆØme bornes de phase (2, 3).Short-circuiting device according to Claim 5, characterized in that at least one intermediate portion (27) of the first insulating section (22) is located between said first and second phase terminals (2, 3). Court-circuiteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 et 6, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce qu'il comporte au moins un joint annulaire d'isolation (29), qui se trouve entre les premier et deuxiĆØme tronƧons isolants (22, 23) et qui contribue Ć  isoler Ć©lectriquement la deuxiĆØme borne de phase (3) du premier contact mobile (61) dans sa position ouverte d'attente.Short-circuiting device according to any one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that it comprises at least one annular insulation seal (29), which is located between the first and second insulating sections (22, 23) and which contributes to electrically isolating the second phase terminal (3) of the first movable contact (61) in its open waiting position. Court-circuiteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications prĆ©cĆ©dentes, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce qu'il comprend une barre (50) qui porte les premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63).Short-circuiting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a bar (50) which carries the first, second and third movable contacts (61-63). Court-circuiteur selon la revendication 8, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce ladite barre passe dans au moins une partie en matĆ©riau diĆ©lectrique solide (22-24, 29 ; 123) de l'isolation et retient au moins latĆ©ralement cette partie.Short-circuiting device according to claim 8, characterized in that said bar passes in at least a portion of solid dielectric material (22-24, 29; 123) of the insulation and retains at least laterally this portion. Court-circuiteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 et 9, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce qu'au moins un des premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) est enfilĆ© sur ladite barre (50).Short-circuiting device according to any one of claims 8 and 9, characterized in that at least one of the first, second and third movable contacts (61-63) is threaded onto said bar (50). Court-circuiteur selon la revendication 10, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce que l'isolation (22-24) retient au moins un des premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) selon une direction axiale (X-X') de la barre (50).Short-circuiting device according to claim 10, characterized in that the insulation (22-24) retains at least one of the first, second and third movable contacts (61-63) in an axial direction (X-X ') of the bar (50). Court-circuiteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 Ć  11, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce que ladite barre (50) passe au moins Ć  travers les premiĆØre et deuxiĆØme bornes de phase (2, 3).Short-circuiting device according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that said bar (50) passes at least through the first and second phase terminals (2, 3). Court-circuiteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 Ć  7 et l'une quelconque des revendications 8 Ć  12, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce que les premier et deuxiĆØme tronƧons isolants (22, 23) au moins sont enfilĆ©s sur ladite barre (50).Short-circuiting device according to any one of claims 5 to 7 and any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the first and second insulating sections (22, 23) at least are threaded onto said bar (50). Court-circuiteur selon la revendication 13, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce que lesdites premiĆØre et deuxiĆØme bornes de phase (2, 3) retiennent entre elles le premier tronƧon isolant (22), selon une direction axiale (X-X') de la barre (50).Short-circuiting device according to claim 13, characterized in that said first and second phase terminals (2, 3) hold together the first insulating section (22) in an axial direction (X-X ') of the bar (50). ). Court-circuiteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 Ć  14, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce qu'il comporte deux Ć©lĆ©ments (10, 73) de guidage axial de ladite barre (50) en coulissement, ces deux Ć©lĆ©ments de guidage (10, 73) retenant axialement entre eux plusieurs organes choisis parmi les premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase (2-4), les premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) et au moins une partie de ladite isolation.Short-circuiting device according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that it comprises two elements (10, 73) for axially guiding said sliding bar (50), these two guide elements (10, 73). axially holding together a plurality of members selected from the first, second and third phase terminals (2-4), the first, second and third movable contacts (61-63) and at least a portion of said insulation. Court-circuiteur selon la revendication 15, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce que les deux Ć©lĆ©ments de guidage (10, 73) sont bridĆ©s l'un vers l'autre, sur un Ć©lĆ©ment (30) qui est fait de matĆ©riau diĆ©lectrique et qui entoure au moins partiellement plusieurs organes choisis parmi les premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase (2-4), les premier, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme contacts mobiles (61-63) et au moins une partie de ladite isolation (22-24, 29 ; 123).Short-circuiting device according to Claim 15, characterized in that the two guide elements (10, 73) are flanged towards one another on an element (30) which is made of dielectric material and which at least partially surrounds a plurality of members selected from the first, second and third phase terminals (2-4), the first, second and third movable contacts (61-63) and at least a portion of said insulation (22-24, 29; 123). Court-circuiteur selon la revendication 16, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce qu'il comporte un sous-ensemble de bridage (10, 70-73) formant une boucle conductrice qui est fermĆ©e sur elle-mĆŖme et qui entoure les premiĆØre, deuxiĆØme et troisiĆØme bornes de phase (2-4).Short-circuiting device according to Claim 16, characterized in that it comprises a clamping subassembly (10, 70-73) forming a conductive loop which is closed on itself and which surrounds the first, second and third terminals of phase (2-4).
EP20120354045 2011-09-21 2012-09-18 Three-phase electrical short-circuiting device with pyrotechnic actuator Active EP2573785B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1102868A FR2980301B1 (en) 2011-09-21 2011-09-21 ELECTRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT WITH PYROTECHNIC ACTUATOR

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EP2573785A1 true EP2573785A1 (en) 2013-03-27
EP2573785B1 EP2573785B1 (en) 2014-06-18

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CN (1) CN103065868B (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2487841T3 (en) 2014-08-25
CN103065868A (en) 2013-04-24
EP2573785B1 (en) 2014-06-18
FR2980301B1 (en) 2014-06-20
FR2980301A1 (en) 2013-03-22
CN103065868B (en) 2016-12-21

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