AU2019202584B2 - Switchgear cabinet with improved arrangement of a short-circuit device - Google Patents
Switchgear cabinet with improved arrangement of a short-circuit device Download PDFInfo
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- AU2019202584B2 AU2019202584B2 AU2019202584A AU2019202584A AU2019202584B2 AU 2019202584 B2 AU2019202584 B2 AU 2019202584B2 AU 2019202584 A AU2019202584 A AU 2019202584A AU 2019202584 A AU2019202584 A AU 2019202584A AU 2019202584 B2 AU2019202584 B2 AU 2019202584B2
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- Prior art keywords
- short
- circuit device
- switchgear cabinet
- bus bars
- frame
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
- H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
- H02B13/025—Safety arrangements, e.g. in case of excessive pressure or fire due to electrical defect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
- H02B1/20—Bus-bar or other wiring layouts, e.g. in cubicles, in switchyards
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B11/00—Switchgear having carriage withdrawable for isolation
- H02B11/26—Arrangements of fuses, resistors, voltage arresters or the like
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B11/00—Switchgear having carriage withdrawable for isolation
- H02B11/28—Earthing arrangements
Abstract
VNA531DE
ABSTRACT
A switchgear cabinet (1) is specified which comprises a frame (2) which has
several frame profiles (2a..21) and is incorporated in a substantially cuboid-shaped outer
contour of the switchgear cabinet (1). In addition, the switchgear cabinet (1) comprises
several bus bars (3) extending within the frame (2) having a total cross-section (Q) of at
least 300 mm 2 and at least one short-circuit device (5) for extinguishing an electrical arc.
The short-circuit device (5) is here disposed in a reception area adjoining the bus bars (3)
which extends in the direction of a nearest cuboid surface (A, D, E, F) of the cuboid
shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet (1). In addition, a modular system is
specified comprising a first switchgear cabinet (1) having at least one short-circuit
device (5) disposed in the mentioned reception area and a second switchgear cabinet
without such a short-circuit device (5).
16VNA531-1 DE
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- 2j
2i 2k
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2e 2f
D
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2g
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E
2 2
2a 2 h
2c
2d
B
Fig. I
Description
16VNA531-1 DE
K 6 - 2j 2i 2k
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2g C
E 2 2 2a 2h
2c 2d
Fig. I
AUSTRALIA Patents Act, 1990 ORIGINAL COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
APPLICANT: Eaton Intelligent Power Limited
INVENTORS: GATTRINGER, Thomas WEIGL, Franz
ADDRESS FOR SERVICE: Peter Maxwell and Associates Level 25 2 Park Street SYDNEY NSW 2000
DETAILS OF ASSOCIATED DE 10 2018 109 016.1 - 17 April 2018 APPLICATION NO:
The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to us:
1
m:\docs\20191003\580147.doc la 16VNA531DE
SWITCHGEAR CABINET WITH IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF A SHORT-CIRCUiT
The invention concerns a switchgear cabinet which has a frame which comprises several frame profiles and is incorporated in a substantially cuboid-shaped outer
contour of the switchgear cabinet. In addition, the switchgear cabinet comprises several
bus bars, extending within the frame and assigned to several phases, having a total
cross-section of at least 300 mm2 , and at least one short-circuit device for extinguishing an electrical arc (in particular between at least two of the phases or between at least one of the phases and one neutral conductor), which is electrically connected with the
bus bars. The bus bars have a longitudinal extension, and bus bars of different phases
are disposed next to one another in a transverse extension aligned normal thereto. By
the said longitudinal extension and the said transverse extension is defined a first access plane, in which the bus bars of all phases are situated. Insofar as the bus bars end within
the frame, also a second access plane is defined, which is aligned along the said longitudinal extension and a (vertical) direction extending normally in relation to the
said longitudinal extension and the said transverse extension. In this second access plane are situated in the same way the bus bars of all phases. Optionally, the switchgear
cabinet has also an electrical switchgear disposed within the frame, which is electrically connected with the bus bars. In addition, the invention concerns a modular system
which comprises a first switchgear cabinet and a second switchgear cabinet, wherein the switchgear cabinets have respectively a frame and wherein each frame comprises
several frame profiles and is incorporated in a substantially cuboid-shaped outer
contour of the switchgear cabinet. The switchgear cabinets comprise in addition respectively several bus bars extending within the frame having a total cross-section of
at least 300 mm. The bus bars have in this regard a longitudinal extension, and bus bars
of different phases are disposed next to each other in a transverse extension aligned
normal thereto. By the said longitudinal extension and the said transverse extension is
defined a first access plane, in which the bus bars of all phases are situated. Insofar as
the bus bars end within the frame, also a second access plane is defined which is aligned along the said longitudinal extension and a (vertical) direction extending normal to the
this longitudinal extension and the said transverse extension. In this second access plane
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are situated in the same way the bus bars of all phases. Optionally, the first and the
second switchgear cabinet have respectively in turn an electrical switchgear disposed within the frame which is electrically connected with the bus bars.
PRIOR ART Switchgear cabinets and modular systems of the type mentioned are basically
well-known from the prior art. Disadvantages of the known solutions are that they
require a relatively large amount of space in the switchgear cabinet and that they cannot be retrofitted or are very difficult to retrofit. In addition, the short-circuit device
is not easily accessible in the case of all solutions, since it is frequently disposed behind other components in the switchgear cabinet. Usually, the bus bars are disposed directly adjacent to a housing wall of the switchgear cabinet, in order to have as much as
possible contiguous space for other components in the switchgear cabinet. Since the short-circuit device is generally disposed near to the bus bars, thus other components
are situated above theshort-circuit device. These components must be removed when a short-circuit device needs to be exchanged. Frequently, complex mounting plates and/or
sealed feedthroughs are necessary for the arrangement of the short-circuit device within the switchgear cabinet. An exchange of the short-circuit device is, according to
the prior art, thus associated with a large amount of effort.
It is thus a task of the invention to suggest an improved switchgear cabinet and an improved modular system. In particular, a possible short-circuit device which is space
saving, easily accessible and easy to retrofit is to be suggested.
The task of the invention is solved with a switchgear cabinet of the initially
mentioned sort, in which the short-circuit device is disposed in a reception area which, in the direction of the nearest cuboid surface, aligned substantially parallel to the first
access plane or substantially parallel to the second access plane, of the cuboid-shaped
outer contour of the switchgear cabinet, adjoins the bus bars.
The task of the invention is also solved with a modular system of the initially
mentioned type, in which - the first switchgear cabinet has at least one short-circuit device for
extinguishing an electrical arc, which is connected electrically with the bus bars and
3 16VNA531DE
which is disposed in a reception area which, in the direction of the nearest cuboid
surface, aligned substantially parallel to the first access plane or substantially parallel to the second access plane, of the cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet,
adjoins the bus bars, and 5 - the second switchgear cabinet is constructed without a short-circuit device disposed in this reception area. The first access plane and the optional second access plane define planes in which
all phases guided via the bus bars are accessible from one side (namely in a direction
normal to the first/second plane), as a result of which the short-circuit device can easily
be connected to the bus bars. A direction of an electrical current flowing in the bus bars
is aligned parallel or virtually parallel to the first access plane and normal to the optional
second access plane. The at least one short-circuit device can advantageously be disposed a) on a top side of the switchgear cabinet or 1$ b) on a back side of the switchgear cabinet or
c) on a side surface of the switchgear cabinet.
In particular, in this connection, it can be provided that - the bus bars in case a) are disposed in the uppermost quarter of the frame and the at least one short-circuit device is disposed above the bus bars or
- the bus bars in case b) are disposed in the rearmost quarter of the frame and
the at least one short-circuit device is disposed behind the bus bars or - the bus bars in case c) are disposed in a quarter of the frame facing a side
wall of the switchgear cabinet and the at least one short-circuit device is disposed
laterally adjacent to the bus bars.
Furthermore it can preferably be provided that the at least one short-circuit
device is positioned in case a) directly above, in case b) directly behind and in case c) directly adjacent to the bus bars. Preferably, the at least one short-circuit device is also directly electrically connected with the bus bars. The term "directly" means in the current context that between the bus bars and
the short-circuit device are disposed no further components (e.g. "positioned directly
above") or no further components are disposed in the current path leading from the bus bars to the short-circuit device ("directly connected"). Alternatively, this variant can thus be formulated in that the short-circuit device is positioned above the bus bars / behind
4 16VNA531DE
the bus bars / next to the bus bars, wherein between the bus bars and the short-circuit device are disposed no further components and/or the short-circuit device is electrically connected with the bus bars, wherein no further components are disposed in the
current path leading from the bus bars to the short-circuit device.
Position indicators, such as for example "above", "behind" and "next to" relate to the normal usage position in which the switchgear cabinet is in operation. This is in
particular characterised in that a door of the switchgear cabinet is disposed on its front
side and is pivotably supported there via a vertically extending rotational axis.
A "frame profile" is as a rule a generally cylindrical part of the frame, the longitudinal extension of which is at least ten times that of its extension in the two
remaining directions. A frame profile has, accordingly, two end surfaces, between which generatrices of the frame profile extend. In particular, the cross-section of the frame profile can be isosceles or non-isosceles L-shaped (that is, in the form of an angular profile), be U-shaped or be equilaterally or non-equilaterally rectangular pipe-shaped.
For example, a frame profile can be pulltruded, extruded or bent from a sheet metal
blank. In particular bent frame profiles can have lugs and the like, as a result of which
the frame profile can deviate slightly from the general cylindrical shape. In particular, such sections deviating from the general cylindrical shape extend over a portion which is
shorter than 10% of the length of the frame profile.
On the frame can be mounted panels or walls which form the outer contour of the switchgear cabinet, as a result of which a closed hollow cavity results. In the case of a switchgear cabinet which has an open base, the closed hollow cavity is not created until the frame stands on a level floor. In particular, the switchgear cabinet can fulfil the
norm IEC 61439 "Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies" and/or IEC 60529
"Degrees of Protection offered by Housing (IP-Code)".
"Incorporated" in the outer contour of the switchgear cabinet means in the current context that the frame touches elements which form the outer contour of the
switchgear cabinet. Following the example above, the frame therefore touches panels or
walls which form the outer contour of the switchgear cabinet.
A "substantially cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet" deviates to maximum 10% from the cuboid shape and is in particular characterised in that the volume of the smallest cuboid which can be circumscribed by the frame is at least 90% of the volume enclosed by the outer contour of the switchgear cabinet. How closely the
5 16VNA531DE
outer contour of the switchgear cabinet resembles a cuboid shape can thus be described by the volume ratio of the two mentioned volumes. If the outer contour of the switchgear cabinet deviates strongly from the cuboid shape, the mentioned volume
ratio can be undercut. Conversely, this means also a minimum size for the frame. In the context of the invention, thus, the "frame" denotes not any structure formed by profiles, but only that
which is incorporated into the outer contour of the switchgear cabinet or is situated
directly in the region of the outer contour of the switchgear cabinet. In the simplest case, the frame profiles are disposed along the edges of the
substantially cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet, respectively substantially parallel thereto. Some frame profiles can however also be slightly displaced to the inside. In general, the indication "substantially parallel" means in the context of this invention a deviation of maximum 10° to a parallel alignment.
It is also conceivable that a switchgear cabinet arrangement is constructed of
several individual switchgear cabinets or switchgear cabinet modules arranged in a row. In this case, also several individual frames or frame modules are arranged in a row and
form in conjunction the frame for the said switchgear cabinet arrangement. Also this
frame is constructed from several frame profiles, and also here a "substantially cuboid
shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet arrangement" deviates by maximum 10% from the cuboid shape and is in particular characterised in that the
volume of the smallest cuboid which can be circumscribed by the frame is at least 90%
of the volume enclosed by the outer contour of the switchgear cabinet arrangement. A "short-circuit device for extinguishing a (fault) electrical arc" comprises in particular switches for completing a connection of low impedance between conductors at different voltage potential, between which is burning a (fault) electrical arc. A closing of the switch or the switches results in a short-circuit between the said conductors and
therewith a swift extinguishing of the electrical arc. In addition, the short-circuit causes
also very high currents in the supply lines which as a result trigger a superordinate
overcurrent switch, which finally disconnects the endangered position from a supply
grid. it is also however conceivable that the short-circuit device itself disconnects the endangered position from the supply grid, in particular by means of additional disconnecting switches present in the short-circuit device.
6 16VNA531DE
Generally, for example, animals or a falling tool or (wet) dirt can degrade the insulation or the spark gap between two conductors at different voltage potential such that an electrical arc results. This can cause violent explosions caused by the air heating
up in a short time. The short-circuit device is supposed for example to protect humans in
5 the region of the switchgear cabinet and/or the switchgear cabinet itself from the destructive effects of an electrical arc, or to at least mitigate its effects.
For example, the occurrence of an electrical arc can be determined by means of the measurement of the current flowing across the electrical conductor and the
detection of the emitted light which is emitted by the electrical arc. If both criteria are fulfilled, a burning electrical arc can be concluded. The associated sensor equipment,
that is for example current-measurement sensors and light-sensitive sensors can be
disposed directly in the short-circuit device or (at least partially) be disposed externally to and connected with the short-circuit device.
It is furthermore conceivable that the electrical arc recognition device additionally
emits an alarm, for example optically and/or acoustically. It would also be conceivable to stop a corresponding alarm signal via a wire-connected or wireless interface.
The switches for generating a short-circuit and for separating the connection to a
supply grid can in particular be in the form of semiconductor switches, for example transistors or thyristors. Basically, the design as an electromechanical relay would also
be conceivable, but electronic switches are generally preferred because of the significantly greater triggering speed. Because of the high currents occurring, frequently
only one electrical arc can be extinguished with the short-circuit device, or in some cases a limited number of electrical arcs can be extinguished before the short-circuit device
needs to be exchanged or serviced for purposes of exchanging said switches. An advantage of the invention lies in the connection of the short-circuit device to
the bus bars, which is comparatively simple to realise. By means of the mentioned
measures, also the access to the short-circuit device is possible in a simple manner, for example from above, from behind, or from the side. In particular, when no further components situated above the short-circuit device, behind the short-circuit device or next to the short-circuit device are electrically connected with the bus bars, no further
components within the switchgear cabinet need to be removed additionally. The simple accessibility to the short-circuit device achieved by the suggested measures thus enables a simple exchange or a simple servicing of the short-circuit
7 16VNA531DE
device. The switchgear cabinet can thus be brought swiftly back into operation following a fault.
The mentioned advantages are achieved in particular by departing from a construction in which only one (single) contiguous space for components is located on
5 one side of the bus bars. Instead, the short-circuit device is disposed actually on the side of the bus bars facing away from this space. The invention can thus be considered also in
the realisation that the installation of a short-circuit device externally to an'installation
space" actually provided for components (and thus also for a short-circuit device) is advantageous. A further advantage involves the short-circuit device being easily able to be retrofitted in existing switchgear cabinets by means of the suggested measures. In turn,
it is also here advantageous when no further components situated above the short
circuit device, behind the short-circuit device or next to the short-circuit device are
connected electrically with the bus bars.
The switchgear cabinet can be designed in such a manner that the at least one
short-circuit device is disposed completely within the frame, If the frame at the side in question is covered with a housing wall, the short-circuit device is disposed completely
between the bus bars and the housing wall of the switchgear cabinet situated nearest to the bus bars, aligned substantially parallel to the first access plane or substantially parallel to the second access plane,
It is however also conceivable that the at least one short-circuit device protrudes
at least partially above the frame. The frame of the switchgear cabinet can with respect to its size then be designed such that no short-circuit device positioned above the bus
bars, behind the bus bars or next to the bus bars can be entirely accommodated within the frame, in particular when the bus bars are disposed in the topmost / frontmost /
most lateral region of the frame or pass through the switchgear cabinet. This construction covers the greatest number of usage cases occurring in practice. If the
switchgear cabinet also has a short-circuit device, this protrudes beyond the frame. All in all, the invention enables a space-saving arrangement of a short-circuit
device in a switchgear cabinet. The short-circuit device can easily be retrofitted in existing switchgear cabinets, is easily accessible and easy to exchange. Complex installation plates and/or sealed feedthroughs for the arrangement of the short-circuit device within the switchgear cabinet are generally not necessary.
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At this point it is also noted that in the switchgear cabinet can also be provided a neutral conductor which comprises a bus bar or several bus bars. The short-circuit device can be electrically connected with the neutral conductor and thus also generate a
short-circuit between a phase and the neutral conductor, or the short-circuit device is, in
5 spite of the presence of the neutral conductor, connected only with the phases of an AC voltage system. By means of the generation of a short-circuit between the mentioned phases, an electrical arc burning between a phase and the neutral conductor is
extinguished also when the short-circuit device is connected only with the phases of the
AC voltage system but not with the neutral conductor.
Further advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention
result from the sub claims and from the description in combination with the figures. It is advantageous when the electrical connection between the at least one short circuit device and the bus bars is produced with flat profiles. These conductors have a substantially rectangular cross-section and can extend in longitudinal direction straight
or in the shape of an arc or can in the longitudinal run also be angled once or several
times. For example, the electrical connection between the at least one short-circuit
device and the bus bars can be produced with a flat profile which in its longitudinal run is angled by 90*. The electrical connection, realised with the flat profiles, between the
short-circuit device and the bus bars is not only long-lived but also very cost-effective. In
addition, it generally has a very low ohmic resistance and can be loaded with high
currents, as a result of which this type of connection is particularly suitable for a short
circuit device for extinguishing an electrical arc. Preferably, a short-circuit device for extinguishing an electrical arc is also directly electrically connected with the bus bars. A
substantially rectangular cross-section is in particular characterised in that a slope or
rounding on the rectangle concerned extends maximum 20% across a longitudinal edge
of the rectangle.
It is also particularly advantageous when the electrical connection between the at least one short-circuit device and the bus bars is produced with rigid electrical conductors. In this manner, a part of the weight or also the entire weight of the short circuit device can be borne by the bus bars. "Rigid" electrical conductors denote in
particular such conductors which are not plastically deformable by hand without tools.
It is in this context also especially advantageous when the weight of the at least one short-circuit device is substantially borne by the bus bars. in this context,
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"substantially" means more than half. This means that more than half of the weight of the short-circuit device is borne by the bus bars. In particular, the weight of the short circuit device can also be borne in its entirety by the bus bars. The short-circuit device can then be free of a (further) fastening to the frame.
5 It is however also conceivable that the weight of the at least one short-circuit device is substantially borne by the frame. In this variant, the short-circuit device
is (also) fastened to the frame. For example, the short-circuit device is mounted on a
fastening bracket which is connected with the frame of the switchgear cabinet. In turn,
in this context "substantially" means that more than half of the weight of the short
circuit device is borne by the frame. In particular, the weight of the short-circuit device
can also be borne in its entirety by the frame. The electrical connection of the short circuit device can then be achieved by means of (flexible) wires or cables. Furthermore it is beneficial when the smallest distance between the at least one short-circuit device and the bus bars is less than 100 mm. Thus, the switchgear cabinet
can be very compactly constructed. It is also especially advantageous when the at least one short-circuit device
protruding above the frame is covered with a hood protruding above the frame. With
the hood, the switchgear cabinet and the short-circuit device can be protected from external influences, and thus also a necessary IP degree of protection can be realised.
Preferably, the hood is set upon the switchgear cabinet and screwed together with the
frame. Where necessary, for example when it is necessary to service the short-circuit
device, the hood can be removed. The hood can for example be in the form of a sheet
metal part, or however also be made of plastic.
It is also beneficial when an outage probability of the short-circuit device disposed
in the mentioned reception area is greater than an outage probability of a further short
circuit device disposed externally to the mentioned reception area in the switchgear
cabinet and/or when a triggering probability of the short-circuit device disposed in the mentioned reception area is greater than a triggering probability of a further short circuit device disposed externally to the mentioned reception area in the switchgear
cabinet. Thus, short-circuit devices with high outage probability and/triggering probability remain easily serviceable and exchangeable. The further short-circuit device
can in particular be disposed completely within the frame. If the short-circuit device fails already after one single triggering and needs to be exchanged, the outage probability is then equal to the triggering probability. A short-circuit device can however also be constructed such that it is able to extinguish several short-circuits before it fails and needs to be replaced. The triggering probability of the short-circuit device is then accordingly higher than its outage probability. Generally, it is advantageous for the disclosed modular systems when the frame of the first switchgear cabinet and of the second switchgear cabinet are identically constructed. The advantage of the modular system is then especially displayed. According to a broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a switchgear cabinet, comprising - a frame, which has several frame profiles and is incorporated into a substantially cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet, - several bus bars extending within the frame and assigned to several phases having a total cross-section of at least 300 mm 2 and - at least one short-circuit device for extinguishing an electrical arc, which is electrically connected with the bus bars, - wherein the bus bars have a longitudinal extension, - wherein the bus bars of different phases are disposed next to one another in a transverse extension aligned normal thereto, - wherein by the mentioned longitudinal extension and the mentioned transverse extension is defined a first access plane and in this first access plane are situated bus bars of all phases, - wherein, insofar as the bus bars end within the frame, a second access plane is defined which is aligned along the transverse extension and a direction extending normal in relation to the longitudinal extension and transverse extension, and wherein in this second access plane are situated bus bars of all phases, wherein - the short-circuit device is disposed in a reception area which, in the direction of the nearest cuboid surface, aligned substantially parallel to the first access plane or substantially parallel to the second access plane, of the cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet, adjoins the bus bars. According to another broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a modular system comprising a first switchgear cabinet and a second switchgear cabinet, in each case having - a frame which comprises several frame profiles and is incorporated into a substantially cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet, - several bus bars extending within the frame and assigned to several phases having a total cross-section of at least 300 mm2 - wherein the bus bars have a longitudinal extension, - wherein the bus bars of different phases are disposed next to one another in a transverse extension aligned normal thereto, - wherein by the mentioned longitudinal extension and the mentioned transverse extension is defined a first access plane and in this first access plane are situated bus bars of all phases, - wherein, insofar as the bus bars end
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within the frame, a second access plane is defined which is aligned along the longitudinal extension and a direction extending normally in relation to the longitudinal extension and transverse extension, and wherein in this second access plane are situated bus bars of all phases, wherein - the first switchgear cabinet has at least one short-circuit device for extinguishing an electrical arc, which is connected electrically with the bus bars and which is disposed in a reception area which, in the direction of the nearest cuboid surface, aligned substantially parallel to the first access plane or substantially parallel to the second access plane, of the cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet, adjoins the bus bars, and - the second switchgear cabinet is constructed without a short-circuit device disposed in this reception area.
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES The present invention is hereinafter described in more detail with reference to the embodiment examples specified in the schematic figures of the drawing. Here, figure 1 shows an exemplary switchgear cabinet with its side walls removed; figure 2 shows the switchgear cabinet from figure 1 with its hood removed; figure 3 shows a detailed view of the switchgear cabinet from figure 1 with masked-out frame; figure 4 shows the short-circuit device in a detailed view mounted via the bus bars and figure 5 is like figure 4 but with masked-out bus bars.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, identical or similar parts in the different embodiments will be labelled with identical or similar reference signs and descriptions. The disclosures relating to identical or similar parts are accordingly interchangeable. Position identifications, such as for example "top", "bottom", "lateral" etc. referred to the immediately described and shown figure and in the case of a change of position to transfer analogously to the new position. Figure 1 to 5 show an advantageous embodiment of the invention. Concretely, figures 1 and 2 show an exemplary switchgear cabinet 1 with its side walls removed. The switchgear cabinet 1 comprises a frame 2, several bus bars 3 extending within the frame 2, which bus bars here extend in the top region of the frame 2, and an optional electrical switchgear 4 disposed within the frame 2, which switchgear is electrically connected with the bus bars 3. Figure 2 shows in addition a short-circuit device 5 disposed above the bus bars 3 for extinguishing an electrical arc, which short
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circuit device protrudes vertically above the frame 2. Figure 1 shows in addition a hood 6
covering the short-circuit device 5, with which the switchgear cabinet 1 and the short circuit device 5 can be protected against external influences or alternatively with which a required IP degree of protection can be realised. Preferably, the hood 6 is screwed to
5 the frame 2 and can be removed if necessary. The hood 6 also protrudes vertically above
the frame 2 and is in the present example disposed even completely externally to the frame 2. The short-circuit device 5, as shown in this example, is advantageously
positioned directly above the bus bars 2 and directly electrically connected with the bus
bars 3. Advantageously, the vertical distance h between the short-circuit device 5 and the bus bars 3 is less than 100 mm (see also figure 4). The switchgear cabinet 1has a top side A, a bottom side B, a front side C, a back side D, a right side surface E and a left side surface F. The frame 2 of the switchgear
cabinet 1 comprises bottom, horizontal frame profiles 2a..2d, vertical frame profiles 2e.,2h and top, horizontal frame profiles 2i.21 which are connected at their
ends. On the frame 2 are mounted panels or walls which form the outer contour of the
switchgear cabinet 1, by means of which there results a closed hollow cavity. In the
figures, these panels or walls are however not shown, in order to enable a view into the interior of the switchgear cabinet 1.
The panels or walls form a substantially cuboid-shaped outer contour of the
switchgear cabinet 1. The outer edges of the frame 2 form in the same way a cuboid shaped outer contour K, which because of the thickness of the panels or walls is however slightly smaller than the outer contour of the switchgear cabinet 1. The frame 2 is accordingly incorporated in the cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear
cabinet 1.
Since the two top frame profiles 2i and 2k are in the example shown slightly displaced to the inside, the cuboid shape of the frame 2 is added with a dashed line. The
two top frame profiles 2i and 2k could of course be disposed in the same way at the
edges of the cuboid-shaped outer contour K. An advantage of the suggested measures lies in the comparatively simply
realisable connection of the short-circuit device 5 to a power supply. By means of the measures mentioned, also the access to the short-circuit device 5 is easily possible. In order to achieve this, only the hood 6 needs to be removed from the frame 2. Within
the switchgear cabinet 2, however, to this end no further components need to be
12 16VNA531DE
removed, in particular when no further components situated above the short-circuit
device 5 are electrically connected with the bus bars 3. This is especially advantageous because the short-circuit device 5 can as a rule be activated only once or only a few
times and must then be replaced or serviced. By means of the suggested measures, a 5 simple access to the short-circuit device 5 is enabled in order to be able swiftly to return
the switchgear cabinet 1 to operation. A further advantage involves the short-circuit
device 5, by means of the suggested measures, being able to be easily retrofitted in existing switchgear cabinets 1. This is in particular the case when the short-circuit device 5, as shown in the figures, is able to protrude above the frame 2 of the
switchgear cabinet 1.
In the variant shown, the frame 2 of the switchgear cabinet 1is, with respect to its
size, designed such that in reality no short-circuit device 5 situated above the bus bars 3 can be accommodated in the interior of the frame 2, in particular - such as in the example shown - when the bus bars 3 are disposed in the topmost region of the frame 2 or pass through the switchgear cabinet 1. With this frame 2, most of the usage cases occurring in practice can be covered, in which of course no short-circuit device 5 is installed. The switchgear cabinet 1is as a result very compact. However, if the use of a
short-circuit device 5 is required, this is disposed, as shown in the figures, above the bus
bars 3, as a result of which it protrudes vertically above the frame 2. There thus results a modular system which comprises a first switchgear cabinet 1
and a second switchgear cabinet. The switchgear cabinets have respectively a frame 2, several bus bars 3 extending in the top region of the frame 2 and an optional, electrical
switchgear 4 disposed within the frame 2 which is electrically connected with the bus
bars 3. The first switchgear cabinet 1 has additionally a short-circuit device 5 disposed
above the bus bars 3 and in particular protruding vertically above the frame 2 (compare figures 1 and 2). The second switchgear cabinet is in contrast constructed without a short-circuit device 5 of this sort. The second switchgear cabinet can thus in principle be
covered on the top with a flat plate. Advantageously, the frames 2 of the first switchgear cabinet 1 and a second switchgear cabinet are identically constructed. The advantage of
the modular system is then especially displayed.
Figure 3 shows complementarily a section from the switchgear cabinet 1, in which the frame 2 has been omitted for reasons of improved visibility onto the interior of the switchgear cabinet 1. Concretely, in figure 3, the connecting rails 7 between the bus
13 16VNA531DE
bars 3 and the electrical switchgear 4 and support elements 8 for the mechanical connection of the electrical switchgear 4 with the frame 2 can be seen clearly. Figure 4 and 5 show a further even more detailed section from the switchgear cabinet 1. Concretely, in figure 4 can be seen the short-circuit device 5 mounted above
5 the bus bars 3 and in figure 5 can be seen the short-circuit device 5 with the connecting
elements to the bus bars 3, but not the bus bars 3 themselves. Figure 4 shows also the
cross-section Q, visible in this representation, of the bus bars 3.
The bus bars 3 have a longitudinal extension/longitudinal direction extending in x direction, and bus bars 3 of different phases L1, L2 and L3 are disposed next to one
another in a transverse extension/transverse direction y aligned normal thereto. By the mentioned longitudinal extension x and the mentioned transverse extension y is defined a first access plane XY aligned in x/y-direction, in which the bus bars 3 of all phases L1, L2 and L3 are situated. Insofar as the bus bars 3 end within the frame 2, also a second access plane YZ is defined which is aligned along the transverse extension y and a vertical direction z situated normal to the longitudinal extension x and the transverse extension y. In this second access plane YZ are situated in the same way the bus bars 3
of all phases L1, L2 and L3. A direction of a current flowing in the bus bars 3 is aligned parallel to the first access plane XY, concretely in x-direction, and normal to the optional second access plane YZ.
The first access plane XY and the optional second access plane YZ define planes in
which all phases L1, L2 and L3 guided over the bus bars 3 are accessible from one side,
as a result of which the short-circuit device 5 can be easily connected to the bus bars 3. In the example shown, the short-circuit device 5 is disposed in a reception area which
adjoins in the direction of the nearest cuboid surface, aligned parallel to the first access plane XY, of the cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet 1. In the given example, this is the top side A of the switchgear cabinet I (case a). In an equivalent fashion, the short-circuit device 5 could be disposed in a reception area which adjoins in the direction of the nearest cuboid surface, aligned parallel to the second access plane YZ, of the cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet 1. For the example it is assumed that the bus bars 3 end at the side
surface E of the switchgear cabinet 1. Accordingly, the relevant cuboid surface is the side surface E of the switchgear cabinet 1. If the bus bars 3 end at the side surface F of the
14 16VNA531DE
switchgear cabinet 1, then the relevant cuboid surface would be the side surface F of the
switchgear cabinet 1.
The bus bars 3 of different phases L1, L2 and L3 can also be disposed in a vertical direction z, aligned normal to the x-direction, next to or above one another. The first 5 access plane would then be aligned in x/z-direction. The relevant cuboid surface would then be the back side D of the switchgear cabinet 1. The second access plane YZ remains
in this example aligned in y/z-direction. For a short-circuit device 5 which is aligned on a
side surface E, F of the switchgear cabinet 1, the statement above is true in corresponding manner.
Finally it would also be conceivable that the longitudinal extension of the bus
bars 3 is aligned in y-direction or in z-direction. If the bus bars 3 extend in y-direction, the bus bars 3 of different phases L1, L2 and L3 can be disposed next to one another in x-direction or in z-direction. The short-circuit device 5 could then again be disposed at the top side A of the switchgear cabinet 1, at the back side D of the switchgear cabinet 1
or at the side surfaces E, F of the switchgear cabinet 1. If the bus bars 3 extend in z-direction, the bus bars 3 of different phases L1, L2
and L3 can be disposed next one another in x-direction or in y-direction. The short
circuit device 5 could then again be disposed at the top side A of the switchgear cabinet 1, at the back side D of the switchgear cabinet 1 or at the side surfaces E, F of
the switchgear cabinet 1.
In the example shown in the figures, a current flowing in the bus bars 3 is aligned parallel to the first access plane XY, or a reception area for the short-circuit device 5 is aligned parallel to the first access plane XY or parallel to the second access plane YZ. This
is admittedly advantageous, but the respective alignment can also deviate by up to 10
from a parallel alignment.
In the example shown in the figures, the switchgear cabinet 1 comprises a short
circuit device 5 at a top side A of the switchgear cabinet 1(case a). As mentioned, it is also however conceivable that the the short-circuit device 5 or an additional short
circuit device 5 is disposed at a back side D of the switchgear cabinet 1(case b) or at a
side surface E, F of the switchgear cabinet 1. In the example shown in the figures, the short-circuit device 5 protrudes above the frame 2. This is however not a compulsory requirement. The advantages according
15 16VNA531DE
to the invention are also achieved when the short-circuit device 5 is disposed in the reception area adjoining the bus bars 3, but does not protrude above the frame 2.
The short-circuit device 5 is in both cases located externally to the space in the switchgear cabinet 1 which is normally provided for interior components and which is
5 disposed in the figures below the bus bars 3. In particular, furthermore, it can be provided that - the bus bars 3 in case a) are disposed in the uppermost quarter of the frame 2 and the at least one short-circuit device 5 is disposed above the bus bars 3 or - the bus bars 3 in case b) are disposed in the rearmost quarter of the frame 2
and the at least one short-circuit device 5 is disposed behind the bus bars 3 or - the bus bars 3 in case c) are disposed in a quarter of the frame 2 facing a side
wall of the switchgear cabinet 1 and the at least one short-circuit device 5 is disposed
laterally next to the bus bars 3. It is also conceivable that the short-circuit device 5 is disposed not, as concretely
shown for case a), directly above the bus bars 2, but in case b) is positioned directly behind the bus bars 3 and in case c) is positioned directly next to the bus bars 2. This means, between the bus bars 3 and the short-circuit device 5 are located no further
components connected electrically with the bus bars 3. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the switchgear cabinet 1 comprises not only
one short-circuit device 5, as it is shown in the figures, but several. In this regard, all
short-circuit devices 5 corresponding to case a), all short-circuit devices 5 corresponding to case b) or all short-circuit devices 5 corresponding to case c) can be disposed in the
switchgear cabinet 1. Conceivable too are mixed cases, that is, at least two of the cases
a), b) and c) arise simultaneously. Furthermore, it is conceivable that in addition to the
at least one short-circuit device 5, disposed in the reception area adjoining on the bus
bars 3 and in particular protruding above the frame 2, further short-circuit devices 5 are
provided disposed externally to the mentioned reception area and in particular disposed completely within the frame 2. Preferably, the outage probability and/or triggering probability of the short-circuit device 5 disposed externally to the mentioned reception
area is less than that of the short-circuit device 5 disposed in the reception area.
Generally, the smallest distance h between the short-circuit device 5 and the bus
bars 3 is less than 100 mm.
16 16VNA531DE
The basic function of a short-circuit device 5 was described already above. The sensor equipment associated therewith, that is for example current-measuring sensors and light-sensitive sensors, can be directly disposed in the short-circuit device 5 or (at least partially) be externally disposed and connected with the short-circuit device 5, for
example via the external connection 9. As already mentioned, the short-circuit device 5 can be easily exchanged or serviced after a fault occurs, by means of the special arrangement. This is because the switches for extinguishing an electrical arc are generally only suitable for extinguishing one single electrical arc or very few. The electrical connection between the short-circuit device 5 and the bus bars 3 is
produced in the example shown using flat profiles 10.
These flat profiles 10 have a rectangular or substantially rectangular-shaped cross
section and can extend in longitudinal direction straight or in the shape of an arc or can in the longitudinal run also be angled once or several times. In the example shown, the
electrical connection between the short-circuit device 5 and the bus bars 3 is concretely
produced with a flat profile 10, which in its longitudinal run is angled by 90°. The flat
profiles 10 are to this end screwed on the one hand using screws 11 together with the bus bars 3, and on the other hand also using screws 12 together with connecting lugs 13 of the short-circuit device 5.
The advantages and embodiment variants which accompany the electrical
connection between the short-circuit device 5 and the bus bars 3 with the aid of flat profiles 10, were described already above. In particular, a short-circuit device 5 can be connected with the bus bars 3 using rigid conductors. In the variant shown in the figures, the short-circuit device 5 is however (also) fastened to the frame 2. Concretely, to this end, a fastening bracket 14 is provided, with the aid of which the short-circuit device 5 is connected with the frame 2 of the
switchgear cabinet 1.
Basically, the weight of the short-circuit device 5 can also be borne in its entirety
by the frame 2, in that the entire weight force resulting from the short-circuit device 5 is
guided via the fastening bracket 14 into the frame 2. The electrical connection of the
short-circuit device 5 can then be achieved using (flexible) wires or cables.
In the example shown in the figures, the bus bars 3 are assigned to the three phases L1-.L3 of an AC voltage system. It would however also be conceivable for a neutral conductor to be provided in the switchgear cabinet 1, which comprises one bus bars 3 or several bus bars 3. The short-circuit device 5 can in this case be electrically connected with the neutral conductor, or the short-circuit device 5 is despite the presence of the neutral conductor only connected with the three phases L..L3 of the AC 5 voltage system. In conclusion it is noted that the switchgear cabinet 1 and its components is not necessarily shown to scale, and thus can also have other proportions. Furthermore, the switchgear cabinet 1 can also comprise more or fewer components than shown. Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments and further developments of the invention can be combined in any manner. Unless the context requires otherwise, where the terms "comprise", "comprises", "comprised" or "comprising" are used in this specification (including the claims) they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or components, but not precluding the presence of one or more other features, integers, steps or components, or group thereof. A reference herein to a patent document or any other matter identified as prior art, is not to be taken as an admission that the document or other matter was known or that the information it contains was part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of any of the claims.
18 16VNA531DE
List of reference signs
I switchgear cabinet 2 frame 5 2a..21 frame profile 3 bus bar
4 electrical switchgear
5 short-circuit device
6 hood 7 connecting rail 8 support element 9 external connection 10 flat profile (bus bar connection)
11 screw 12 screw 13 connecting lug
14 fastening bracket
A top side of the switchgear cabinet B bottom side of the switchgear cabinet C front side of the switchgear cabinet
D back side of the switchgear cabinet E right side surface of the switchgear cabinet
F left side surface of the switchgear cabinet Q cross section of the bus bars K outer contour of the frame
h vertical distance short-circuit device / bus bars
XY first access plane YZ second access plane
19 16VNA531DE
LI Li phase
L2 L2 phase
13 L3 phase
x x direction (longitudinal direction)
y y direction (transverse direction) z z direction (vertical direction)
Claims (15)
1. Switchgear cabinet, comprising - a frame, which has several frame profiles and is incorporated into a substantially cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet, - several bus bars extending within the frame and assigned to several phases having a total cross-section of at least 300 mm2 and - at least one short-circuit device for extinguishing an electrical arc, which is electrically connected with the bus bars, - wherein the bus bars have a longitudinal extension, - wherein the bus bars of different phases are disposed next to one another in a transverse extension aligned normal thereto, - wherein by the mentioned longitudinal extension and the mentioned transverse extension is defined a first access plane and in this first access plane are situated bus bars of all phases, - wherein, insofar as the bus bars end within the frame, a second access plane is defined which is aligned along the transverse extension and a direction extending normal in relation to the longitudinal extension and transverse extension, and wherein in this second access plane are situated bus bars of all phases, wherein - the short-circuit device is disposed in a reception area which, in the direction of the nearest cuboid surface, aligned substantially parallel to the first access plane or substantially parallel to the second access plane, of the cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet, adjoins the bus bars.
2. Switchgear cabinet according to claim 1, wherein the at least one short-circuit device is disposed a) on a top side of the switchgear cabinet or b) on a back side of the switchgear cabinet or c) on a side surface of the switchgear cabinet.
3. Switchgear cabinet according to claim 2, wherein - the bus bars in case a) are disposed in the uppermost quarter of the frame and the at least one short-circuit device is disposed above the bus bars or <flename>
- the bus bars in case b) are disposed in the rearmost quarter of the frame and the at least one short-circuit device is disposed behind the bus bars or - the bus bars in case c) are disposed in a quarter of the frame facing a side wall of the switchgear cabinet and the at least one short-circuit device is disposed laterally adjacent to the bus bars.
4. Switchgear cabinet according to claims 2 or 3, wherein the at least one short-circuit device is positioned in case a) directly above, in case b) directly behind and in case c) directly adjacent to the bus bars.
5. Switchgear cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein no further components situated in case a) above, in case b) behind and in case c) laterally to the at least one short-circuit device are connected electrically with the bus bars.
6. Switchgear cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the weight of the short-circuit device is substantially bome by the bus bars.
7. Switchgear cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the smallest distance between the at least one short-circuit device and the bus bars is less than 100 mm.
8. Switchgear cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one short-circuit device is disposed completely within the frame.
9. Switchgear cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the at least one short-circuit device protrudes at least partially above the frame.
10. Switchgear cabinet according to claim 9, wherein the at least one short-circuit device is covered with a hood protruding above the frame.
11. Switchgear cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein an outage probability of the short-circuit device disposed in the mentioned reception area is greater than an outage probability of a further short-circuit device disposed externally to the mentioned reception area in the switchgear cabinet and/or that a triggering probability of the short-circuit device disposed in the mentioned reception area is greater than a triggering probability of a <flename> further short-circuit device disposed externally to the mentioned reception area in the switchgear cabinet.
12. Switchgear cabinet according to any one of claims I to 11, wherein the further short circuit device is disposed entirely within the frame.
13. Modular system comprising a first switchgear cabinet and a second switchgear cabinet, in each case having - a frame which comprises several frame profiles and is incorporated into a substantially cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet, - several bus bars extending within the frame and assigned to several phases having a total cross-section of at least 300 mm 2 - wherein the bus bars have a longitudinal extension, - wherein the bus bars of different phases are disposed next to one another in a transverse extension aligned normal thereto, - wherein by the mentioned longitudinal extension and the mentioned transverse extension is defined a first access plane and in this first access plane are situated bus bars of all phases, - wherein, insofar as the bus bars end within the frame, a second access plane is defined which is aligned along the longitudinal extension and a direction extending normally in relation to the longitudinal extension and transverse extension, and wherein in this second access plane are situated bus bars of all phases, wherein - the first switchgear cabinet has at least one short-circuit device for extinguishing an electrical arc, which is connected electrically with the bus bars and which is disposed in a reception area which, in the direction of the nearest cuboid surface, aligned substantially parallel to the first access plane or substantially parallel to the second access plane, of the cuboid-shaped outer contour of the switchgear cabinet, adjoins the bus bars, and - the second switchgear cabinet is constructed without a short-circuit device disposed in this reception area.
14. Modular system according to claim 13, wherein - the first switchgear cabinet has at least one short-circuit device which protrudes at least partially above the frame and <flename>
- the second switchgear cabinet is constructed without a short-circuit device protruding above the frame.
15. Modular system according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the frames of the two switchgear cabinets are identically constructed.
<ilename>
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018109016.1A DE102018109016A1 (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | Switch cabinet with improved arrangement of a short-circuit device |
| DE102018109016.1 | 2018-04-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2019202584A1 AU2019202584A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
| AU2019202584B2 true AU2019202584B2 (en) | 2023-12-14 |
Family
ID=66105125
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2019202584A Active AU2019202584B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 | 2019-04-15 | Switchgear cabinet with improved arrangement of a short-circuit device |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3557708A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2019202584B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102018109016A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19916327A1 (en) * | 1999-04-12 | 2000-10-19 | Moeller Gmbh | Short circuiter |
| DE10261838A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-22 | Siemens Ag | Arrangement for arc protection of a busbar arrangement |
| FR2980301B1 (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2014-06-20 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | ELECTRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT WITH PYROTECHNIC ACTUATOR |
| DE102013113222A1 (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-03 | Eaton Industries Austria Gmbh | CONTROL CABINET WITH A COOLING CONNECTOR PLATE FOR CONNECTING MULTIPLE POWER BUSHES |
| US9419413B2 (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-08-16 | Eaton Corporation | Arc management system for an electrical enclosure assembly |
| CA2976059C (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2020-12-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arc fault resistant electric equipment |
| US10332704B2 (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2019-06-25 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Devices, systems, and methods for protection of switchgear against electrical arcs |
-
2018
- 2018-04-17 DE DE102018109016.1A patent/DE102018109016A1/en active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-04-10 EP EP19168537.9A patent/EP3557708A1/en active Pending
- 2019-04-15 AU AU2019202584A patent/AU2019202584B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3557708A1 (en) | 2019-10-23 |
| AU2019202584A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
| DE102018109016A1 (en) | 2019-10-17 |
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