EP2571006B1 - Système de surveillance pour bateau - Google Patents

Système de surveillance pour bateau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2571006B1
EP2571006B1 EP12184469.0A EP12184469A EP2571006B1 EP 2571006 B1 EP2571006 B1 EP 2571006B1 EP 12184469 A EP12184469 A EP 12184469A EP 2571006 B1 EP2571006 B1 EP 2571006B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
ais
commercial aircraft
traffic data
shipping traffic
radio signals
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EP12184469.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2571006A1 (fr
Inventor
Simon Plass
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G3/00—Traffic control systems for marine craft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a monitoring system for monitoring vessels of shipping traffic, comprising AIS ship-to-ship units and / or AIS ship receiving units for transmitting and / or receiving AIS radio signals containing vessel traffic data of shipping traffic.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing such a monitoring system and to a method for monitoring the shipping traffic for this purpose.
  • AIS Automatic Identification System
  • the AIS transmits alternately on two channels in the VHF maritime radio range, namely on one to 168.975 MHz and on the other to 162.025 MHz.
  • the transmission of the individual AIS ship data takes place in fixed time frames, the assignment of which is coordinated independently by the respective participants becomes (so-called SOTDMA: Self-Organizing Time Division Multiple Access).
  • SOTDMA Self-Organizing Time Division Multiple Access
  • AIS radio range is approximately 40 to 60 km from ship to ship, which is a little more than normal visibility at sea. Coastal stations can cover a radius of up to 100 km due to their higher position. Due to the limited range and the SOTDMA transmission protocol used, ships that can see and receive each other form an AIS radio cell within which the participants can transmit and receive without collision.
  • the AIS is merely a local radio system that provides sufficient data for a ship on the high seas, but is not suitable for the worldwide survey of increasing shipping traffic.
  • a timely collection of the worldwide AIS shipping data would be of great interest, in particular to counteract illegal activities on the high seas.
  • a reception area with a diameter of approximately 5,000 km Due to the extremely high altitude of a satellite, a reception area with a diameter of approximately 5,000 km is generated. Since the AIS as local Radio system independently organized into individual radio cells, all of which transmit on the same frequency bands, it comes with such a large reception radius for receiving a plurality of radio cells with identical transmission frequencies. The AIS radio signals of the various AIS radio cells are thus superimposed on the receiver, which makes normal data processing impossible. Rather, the received radio signal must be processed consuming and computationally intensive in order to determine the individual AIS radio signals from the superimposed AIS radio signals can. With such a large reception area, however, this is no longer possible on the satellite alone, so that the signal processing on the earth's surface must be carried out in large data centers.
  • the AIS radio signals are severely disturbed by the atmosphere when they are received on the satellite, which significantly affects the signal quality and thus reduces the number of receivable and evaluable AIS radio signals.
  • conventional airliners are equipped with corresponding AIS transmitting units and / or AIS receiving units, which can then receive on their flight to their respective destinations the AIS radio signals emitted by the ships or also corresponding AIS radio signals using the Send out transmission units.
  • conventional commercial aircraft usually have a much lower altitude than communication satellites, the possible reception range is much smaller and is approximately up to 350 km. This ultimately leads to fewer AIS radio cells can be received simultaneously, which reduces the superposition of the individual AIS radio signals and thus reduces the cost of signal processing after receiving the radio signals.
  • the reception quality is increased due to the lower altitude of the commercial aircraft.
  • the reception rate can be increased due to the smaller reception area.
  • AIS radio cells are still covered by a single AIS flight reception unit or AIS transmission unit, since the commercial aircraft usually have a cruising altitude of several thousand meters (usually between 8 and 12 km).
  • the number of AIS radio cells that can be received in this case is sufficient to be able to derive a corresponding situation image.
  • the inventors have recognized that with a sufficient number of equipped commercial aircraft almost complete monitoring of the busy international shipping routes is possible because on the one hand most shipping routes are covered by the routes of the commercial aircraft and on the other hand due to the high volume of flights always a certain number of airliners in the air, ensuring the reception of AIS radio signals.
  • AIS signal processing units are arranged on the respective commercial aircraft, which are set up for determining AIS radio signals from superimposed AIS radio signals of different AIS ship transceivers. Because of the lower altitude of the aircraft compared to the satellite and fewer SOTDMA cells are received, resulting in a lower superposition of the AIS radio signals from the individual cells result. Because of this, the signal processing or signal processing is much simpler, so that this would already be feasible on board the commercial aircraft. With the aid of an AIS signal processing unit, it is thus possible to calculate the individual AIS radio signals from the superimposed AIS radio signals of the different cells already during the flight of the airliner, and thus to base their further use.
  • an AIS data processing unit is provided on the commercial aircraft, which is set up to extract the vessel traffic data contained in the AIS radio signals.
  • the received shipping traffic data from the AIS radio signals can already be determined during the flight of the airliner, so that they can be used for further use.
  • the shipping traffic data may now be forwarded to a ground station as AIS radio signals are sent back to the ships or transmitted to the ships using other communication and radio systems.
  • an AIS data memory for storing received shipping traffic data is provided on the commercial aircraft, in order to collect the received shipping traffic data, for example in the event of a lack of contact with a ground station.
  • the AIS data memory can either store the AIS radio signals in raw format or store the vessel traffic data already extracted from the AIS radio signals as data records. Also, from other aircraft forwarded shipping traffic data can be stored in this data store for further use.
  • the AIS receiving units are designed such that they generate a time stamp when receiving shipping traffic data, which is then stored together with the vessel traffic data in the AIS data memory.
  • the vessel traffic data of the temporal aspect in particular the age of the corresponding data, are taken into account.
  • the commercial aircraft have a communication unit which is used to transmit received and / or deposited Ship traffic data is set up at a receiving station directly or by using intermediate stations.
  • a communication unit may be different from the AIS transmitting and / or receiving units in order to forward, for example, received shipping traffic data to other ships, aircraft, satellites or ground stations directly or using intermediate stations.
  • vessel traffic data received by means of the AIS receiving unit on the commercial aircraft can also be transmitted to the ships by means of these already existing communication means, so that it is not absolutely necessary to have an AIS transmitting unit on the commercial aircraft.
  • the communication units other than the AIS are also adapted to receive vessel traffic data from a transmitting station in order, for example, to receive vessel traffic data from other aircraft, satellites or ground stations.
  • This shipping traffic data which receives a commercial aircraft via the communication unit can then be sent, for example, using the AIS transmission units to the ships of shipping in the transmission range of the AIS transmission unit of the airliner, which the situation and situation awareness of the individual ships within the reception area on the own reception and transmission horizon increased.
  • the AIS transmission units or AIS reception units or additional AIS transmitters and receivers already arranged on the commercial aircraft are used as communication means for communication with other stations such as commercial aircraft or satellites.
  • the already equipped with AIS satellites can be used as intermediate stations to exchange information about AIS between the aircraft and the satellites.
  • a real-time AIS signal monitoring can be performed, such as by means of a ground station receiving the corresponding data , a worldwide awareness of the shipping traffic can be determined.
  • the current AIS satellite systems offer only a daily contact several times, with the number of actually receivable vessel traffic data is greatly reduced due to the overlapping signal problems.
  • the object is also achieved with a method for producing a monitoring system of the above by arranging AIS receiver units and / or AIS transmitter units on commercial aircraft.
  • FIG. 1 shows an AIS aircraft unit 1, as it can be used for arrangement on a commercial aircraft to form the monitoring system.
  • the AIS aircraft unit 1 has an AIS transmission unit 2 and an AIS reception unit 3.
  • the AIS transmission unit 2 and the AIS reception unit 3 are set up in such a way that they can transmit and receive AIS radio signals.
  • the AIS aircraft unit 1 further has a signal processing unit 4, which is connected to the AIS receiving unit 3.
  • the AIS signal processing unit 4 is configured to process the superimposed AIS radio signals received by the AIS receiving unit 3 in such a way as to disperse the superimposed radio signals of different AIS radio cells.
  • the superimposed radio signals can be determined individually, whereby the reception rate is substantially increased.
  • the AIS signal processing unit 4 is further contacted with an AIS data processing unit 5 which receives as input the AIS radio signals processed by the AIS signal processing unit 4.
  • the AIS data processing unit 5 of the AIS aircraft unit 1 now extracts the vessel traffic data contained in the received AIS radio signals from the Ships was sent out.
  • This received vessel traffic data can now be sent out again via the AIS transmission unit 2 to the ships located in the transmission and reception area of the AIS aircraft unit 1, so as to increase the situational awareness of the ships, since a much larger transmitting and receiving area for the ships set up becomes.
  • the extracted vessel traffic data may also be fed into an AIS data store 6, advantageously along with a receive timestamp to hold it for later use.
  • the AIS aircraft unit 1 also has a communication unit 7 different from the AIS radio system, so as to forward the received or deposited shipping traffic data to other aircraft or ground stations directly or by using intermediate stations such as satellites or other flying objects.
  • vessel traffic data of other aircraft from other transmission and reception areas can also be received via this communication unit 7, so that a common transmission and / or reception area, which is composed of the individual transmission and reception areas of the respective AIS transmission units and / or AIS Receiving units is formed.
  • the airliner arrives in the reception area of a ground station, it is for example quite advantageous if the vessel traffic data stored in the data memory 6 are now transmitted via the communication unit 7 to the ground station, so that a complete picture of the world-wide ship traffic can be established over time ,
  • FIG. 2 shows the operation of the monitoring system according to the invention.
  • Commercial aircraft 21 and 22 are each equipped with an AIS aircraft unit 1, as in FIG. 1 shown.
  • Each of these commercial aircraft 21 and 22 forms with the aid of this AIS aircraft unit 1 a transmitting and / or Reception area 21a, 22a, within each of which AIS radio signals from ships 23a, 23b, 24a, 24b received and corresponding signals can be sent to this.
  • a plurality of AIS transmission units and / or AIS reception units are provided which are used on a multiplicity of commercial aircraft to form a common transmission and / or reception area which consists of individual transmission and / or reception areas of the respective AIS transmission units and / or or AIS receiving units are arranged.
  • the individual transmission and / or reception areas 21a and 22a of the respective commercial aircraft 21 and 22 thus form a common transmission and / or reception area for transmitting and receiving AIS radio signals when the commercial aircraft fly on their predetermined trajectories in the aviation space in the direction of their destinations ,
  • the vessel traffic data determined by the commercial aircraft 21 and 22 can be exchanged with each other via a first communication link 25, so that, for example, the commercial aircraft 22 receives vessel traffic data of the ships 23a, 23b of the transmitting and / or receiving area 21a.
  • the airliner 22 may then provide these vessel traffic data to the vessels 24a, 24b of the transmit and / or receive area 22a formed by the airliner 22 via the AIS radio signals so that the ships 24a and 24b receive information about the vessels 23a and 23b, although they are located in another radio cell and outside the radio range of the AIS.
  • the communication link 25 is a direct communication link between the two commercial aircraft 21 and 22. It is also conceivable, however, a communication link 26, which takes place via a satellite connection.
  • the airliner 21 transmits each of the vessel traffic data received, either directly via the AIS radio signals or indirectly via other commercial aircraft 22, to this ground station 27, so that there is a worldwide situation picture of the Ships and shipping can be built. This is done by way of example via the communication link 28.
  • a satellite communication 26 is used for the communication with the ground station 27, so that 27 data can be transmitted to them outside the reach of the ground station.
  • FIG. 3 finally shows the operation of the monitoring system according to the invention in a commercial aircraft 31, which can receive at least two AIS radio cells 32 and 33.
  • the participants of the first radio cell 32 are two ships 32a and 32b, while the participants of the second radio cell are two ships 33a and 33b.
  • the participants of the radio cells 32 and 33 can not see each other and neither receive nor detect their corresponding transmitted AIS radio signals.
  • the airliner 31 may receive more than one radio cell, such as in FIG FIG. 3 represented by the reception of the two radio cells 32 and 33. Since, however, the subscribers of the respective radio cells transmit on the same frequency band, corresponding signal superimpositions arise upon receipt by the aircraft 31, since the subscribers of the respective radio cell 32 and 33 transmit on the same frequency bands. Therefore, the radio signal received by the airliner 31 must first be processed by signal technology in order to be able to individually determine the individual AIS radio signals emitted by the individual subscribers of the radio cells 32 and 33.
  • the vessel traffic data of the subscribers 32a, 32b, 33a and 33b can be extracted from the AIS radio signals and thus stand of further use available.
  • the airliner 31 can now transmit AIS radio signals to the transmission and / or reception area 34 on its own, so that the subscribers of the first radio cell 32 can receive vessel traffic data of the subscribers of the second radio cell 33, although they do not receive them under normal circumstances could.
  • the participants of the second radio cell 33 the vessel traffic data of the participants of the radio cell 32 received from the airliner 31.
  • the vessel traffic data to be sent to the ships are also transmitted via alternative communication links, so that, for example, the AIS flight transmitting unit can be saved on the satellite.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Système de surveillance destiné à surveiller des navires d'un trafic maritime, lesquels
    - comprennent des unités d'émission de navire AIS destinées à émettre des signaux radioélectriques AIS qui contiennent des données du trafic maritime, dans lequel une pluralité d'unités de réception AIS (3) sont prévues, lesquelles sont disposées sur des avions de ligne (21, 22, 31) de telle sorte qu'au moins une partie des signaux radioélectriques AIS émis par les unités d'émission de navire AIS du trafic maritime peuvent être reçus par au moins l'une des unités de réception AIS (3) disposées sur un avion de ligne (21, 22, 31), et/ou
    - comprennent des unités de réception de navire AIS destinées à recevoir des signaux radioélectriques AIS qui contiennent des données du trafic maritime, dans lequel une pluralité d'unités d'émission AIS (2) sont prévues, lesquelles sont disposées sur des avions de ligne (21, 22, 31) de telle sorte que les signaux radioélectriques AIS émis par au moins l'une des unités d'émission AIS (2) disposées sur un avion de ligne (21, 22, 31) peuvent être reçus par au moins une partie des unités de réception de navire AIS du trafic maritime,
    lorsque les avions de ligne (21, 22, 31) volent en direction de leurs destinations dans l'espace aérien.
  2. Système de surveillance selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que dans au moins un avion de ligne (21, 22, 31) est prévue une unité de traitement de signaux AIS (4) qui est conçue pour déterminer des signaux radioélectriques AIS à partir de signaux radioélectriques AIS superposés reçus de différentes cellules radioélectriques AIS (32, 33), qui ont été reçus par l'unité de réception AIS (3) disposée sur l'avion de ligne.
  3. Système de surveillance selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que dans au moins un avion de ligne est prévue une unité de traitement de données AIS (5) qui est conçue pour extraire les données de trafic maritime contenues dans les signaux radioélectriques AIS qui ont été reçus par l'unité de réception AIS disposée sur l'avion de ligne.
  4. Système de surveillance selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans au moins un avion de ligne est prévue une mémoire de données AIS (6) destinée à enregistrer des données de trafic maritime reçues.
  5. Système de surveillance selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'unité de réception AIS disposée sur l'avion de ligne est conçue pour générer une estampille temporelle lors de la réception des données de trafic maritime, et la mémoire de données AIS est en outre conçue pour enregistrer l'estampille temporelle générée conjointement avec les données de trafic maritime correspondantes.
  6. Système de surveillance selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans au moins un avion de ligne est prévue une unité de communication (7) qui est conçue pour transmettre des données de trafic maritime à une station réceptrice directement ou en utilisant des stations intermédiaires et/ou qui est conçue pour recevoir des données de trafic maritime en provenance d'une station émettrice.
  7. Système de surveillance selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les stations intermédiaires, émettrice et/ou réceptrice sont une station de contrôle terrestre (27) servant à la surveillance du trafic maritime, d'autres avions de ligne se trouvant dans l'espace aérien et comprenant une unité de communication et/ou des satellites.
  8. Système de surveillance selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les unités d'émission AIS dans les avions de ligne sont conçues pour émettre des signaux radioélectriques AIS qui contiennent au moins les données de trafic maritime reçues et/ou enregistrées dans l'avion de ligne respectif.
  9. Procédé de production d'un système de surveillance selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par l'agencement d'unités de réception AIS et/ou d'unités d'émission AIS sur des avions de ligne.
  10. Procédé de surveillance de navires d'un trafic maritime, lesquels
    - peuvent émettre des signaux radioélectriques AIS contenant des données de trafic maritime au moyen d'unités d'émission de navire AIS disposées sur les navires, avec réception de signaux radioélectriques AIS contenant des données de trafic maritime qui ont été émis par au moins une partie des unités d'émission de navire AIS du trafic maritime, au moyen d'au moins une unité de réception AIS disposée sur au moins un avion de ligne et/ou
    - peuvent recevoir des signaux radioélectriques AIS contenant des données de trafic maritime au moyen d'unités de réception de navire AIS disposées sur les navires, avec émission de signaux radioélectriques AIS contenant des données de trafic maritime qui peuvent être reçus par au moins une partie des unités de réception de navire AIS du trafic maritime, au moyen d'au moins une unité d'émission AIS disposée sur au moins un avion de ligne,
    lorsque ledit au moins un avion de ligne vole en direction de sa destination dans l'espace aérien.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par la mise en mémoire des données de trafic maritime reçues dans une mémoire de données AIS disposée sur l'avion de ligne et la retransmission des données de trafic maritime mises en mémoire au moyen d'une unité de communication disposée sur l'avion de ligne à une station réceptrice lorsque la station réceptrice est à portée radioélectrique de l'unité de communication.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé par la réception de données de trafic maritime qui ont été émises par une station émettrice, au moyen d'une unité de communication disposée sur l'avion de ligne, et l'émission de signaux radioélectriques AIS qui contiennent au moins ces données de trafic maritime reçues par la station émettrice, au moyen de l'unité d'émission AIS disposée sur l'avion de ligne.
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé par la réception de signaux radioélectriques AIS contenant des données de trafic maritime d'une première cellule radioélectrique AIS (32) au moyen de l'unité de réception AIS disposée sur ledit au moins un avion de ligne et l'émission des données de trafic maritime de la première cellule radioélectrique AIS (32) vers des navires d'au moins une deuxième cellule radioélectrique AIS (33).
EP12184469.0A 2011-09-14 2012-09-14 Système de surveillance pour bateau Active EP2571006B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011113152.7A DE102011113152B4 (de) 2011-09-14 2011-09-14 Schiffsüberwachungssystem

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2571006A1 EP2571006A1 (fr) 2013-03-20
EP2571006B1 true EP2571006B1 (fr) 2019-08-14

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Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012110384B4 (de) 2012-10-30 2019-11-28 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. AIS-Überwachungssystem
DE102012110540B4 (de) 2012-11-05 2017-02-09 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. AIS-Schiffstransceiver
DE102012110541B4 (de) 2012-11-05 2016-01-21 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. AIS-Schiffstransceiver
DE102012110947B4 (de) 2012-11-14 2014-10-09 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. AIS-Empfangsvorrichtung
DE102015112570B4 (de) 2014-08-06 2016-11-10 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren zum Senden und Empfangen von AIS-Funksignalen
RU2637069C2 (ru) * 2015-11-02 2017-11-29 Илья Николаевич Шаповалов Информационная система мониторинга и обнаружения событий между транспортными средствами либо между транспортными средствами и стационарными, плавучими или наземными объектами и комплексами с помощью удаленного наблюдения
DE102019109632B3 (de) 2019-04-11 2020-07-09 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Verfahren, Kommunikationssystem, Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung zur funkbasierten Übertragung von Kommunikationsdaten

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US8254913B2 (en) 2005-08-18 2012-08-28 Smartsky Networks LLC Terrestrial based high speed data communications mesh network
US20080086267A1 (en) 2006-05-30 2008-04-10 John Stolte Space based network for detection and monitoring of global maritime shipping using automatic identification system
FR2962867B1 (fr) 2010-07-13 2012-08-17 Thales Sa Systeme permettant d'augmenter la couverture, l'information et la robustesse des dispositifs d'identification automatique de navires.

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Publication number Publication date
EP2571006A1 (fr) 2013-03-20
DE102011113152B4 (de) 2018-09-20
DE102011113152A1 (de) 2013-03-14

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