EP2567005A1

EP2567005A1 - Spinneret for spinning threads, spinning device for spinning threads and method for spinning threads

Info

Publication number: EP2567005A1
Application number: EP11722002A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Lüder GERKING
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-05-04
Filing date: 2011-05-04
Publication date: 2013-03-13
Also published as: US9388511B2; KR20130086946A; CN102959143A; RU2554733C2; BR112012028050A2; WO2011138056A1; DE102010019910A1; US20130217290A1; RU2012146912A; KR101540445B1; CN102959143B; CA2798078A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a spinneret for spinning threads from a spinning mass - in the form of a melt or solution of natural or synthetic origin - comprising a rotationally symmetrical spinneret inner part, which in the longitudinal direction thereof has a channel for feeding spinning mass to a spinneret tip part having at least one exit bore. The rotationally symmetrical spinneret inner part is surrounded at least partially by a rotationally symmetrical outer part, wherein in the longitudinal direction between the spinneret inner part and outer part an insulating chamber is formed, in which a gas, preferably air, is received in order to form an insulating gas layer. The invention further relates to a spinning device for spinning threads from a spinning mass, comprising a spinneret part and a gas nozzle part arranged at a distance from the spinneret part. A plurality of spinnerets according to the invention are inserted in the spinneret part and project from the spinneret part, facing the gas nozzle part, and the gas nozzle part comprises a plurality of gas nozzles associated with the spinnerets. The gas nozzles are designed as acceleration nozzles for a gas flow that is conducted through the respective gas nozzle and encompasses the monofilaments. Said spinnerets are used in a method for producing spunbonded materials or yarns from polymers of natural or synthetic origin, in order to build up said materials or yarns from extremely fine threads having an average thread diameter of less than 1 μm. The threads from the individual spinnerets can also be collected using conventional winding mechanisms to form yarns on bobbins.

Description

Spinneret for spinning threads, spinner for spinning threads and method for spinning threads

The invention relates to a spinneret for spinning filaments from a dope, according to the preamble of the independent device claim, a spinning device having a plurality of spinnerets and a method for spinning filaments, according to the preamble of the independent method claim.

The spinning of threads is generally done by longitudinally drawing a thread-forming mass from a spinneret, wherein the longitudinal drawing mechanically by acting on the threads forces by means such as winders, or aerodynamically by accompanying gas streams, mostly air streams, as in the spunbonding, to which also Pelting (Melt-blown) is performed. From a spinning opening thereby creates a thread of smaller diameter than that of the spinning hole, bore or hole. It is different in splice spinning, in which a plurality of yarns are formed by splicing the liquid, filament-forming stream of spinning mass from a spinning orifice, be it melts or solutions, as in US Pat

EP 1 192 301 or EP 1 358 369. This process, now often referred to as nanoval process, is characterized by the fact that, with simple equipment, more throughput per spinning bore is measured, e.g. in g / min, especially at finer threads is done, as quite 20, 50 can be produced up to a few hundred threads per hole. The threads are essentially endless and, depending on the driving style, have a certain size distribution of the thread diameters.

The splashing of the emerging spinning mass causing air currents after the "nanoval effect" come close to the spinning openings zoom. These are located in conically ending nipple-shaped spinnerets, which protrude from a spinneret plate, as described in EP 1 902 164 AI, and cool them, since the air generally a lower temperature than that in the spinneret, here also called spinning nipple, has flowing dope. This is disadvantageous especially for small throughputs to produce finer threads by splicing in as many fine threads. This disadvantage can be at least partially solved by heating the reaching of the spinnerets air, but this brings a higher energy consumption with it. Also, the individual spinnerets or nipples can be heated, in which case the apparatus required is increased.

The invention is therefore based on the object, a spinneret for the use of the known To provide a splice spinning process and an apparatus and method for spinning threads, with which it is possible to achieve finer threads in relation to the prior art with a simultaneously higher throughput and simple construction of the spinneret.

This object is achieved by a spinneret with the features of claim 1, by a device using a plurality of such spinnerets and a method having the features of claim 12.

The measures specified in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements are possible.

Characterized in that the rotationally symmetrical nozzle inner part with feed channel of the spinneret is at least partially surrounded by a rotationally symmetric outer part and between the nozzle inner and outer part in the longitudinal direction of the spinneret at least one insulating chamber is formed, in which a gas, preferably air, is accommodated to form an insulating gas layer, the heat loss of the spinning mass flowing in the feed channel is less at the air at least partially flowing around the spinning nipple. If the at least one insulating chamber is designed such that it is gas-tight to the outside, a vacuum instead of gas can also be formed in it. This means that the dope in the supply channel holds a higher temperature for a longer time and arrives at the outlet bore at a higher temperature, which has a positive effect on the viscosity of the dope flowing in the exit bore, ie the viscosity is lower than for a spinneret of the same dimensions without isolation chamber. Smaller viscosities lead to advantageous towards finer threads and greater throughput. Due to the fact that the spinning mass keeps its temperature longer in the insulated feed channel and arrives hotter at the at least one exit bore, the exit bore can be provided with a smaller diameter, which in principle makes possible finer threads. The nozzle inner part and the outer part may each be at least partially rotationally symmetrical, but other shapes are conceivable. The dope used may be polymers and solutions of synthetic and natural origin. Compared to the spinnerets, which are provided with heaters, there is the advantage of less design effort. Thus, according to the invention, fine threads of average thread diameter of less than 1 μm can be produced.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a plurality of outlet bores are arranged in the nozzle tip part, which are connected to the feed channel and from each of which a monofilament can be spinned out. By providing multiple exit holes, the throughput of dope can be increased, which in turn leads to an increase in temperature at the transition point between the supply bore and exit holes. As a result, a thinner monofilament can be spun out of each exit hole, which splits into finer threads. The exit holes or openings may be of the same shape and cross section, but they need not be, but may have different shapes and cross sections.

In an advantageous embodiment, the nozzle tip part has incorporated in its peripheral surface directional elements, which serve for the introduction of the monofilaments gas flowing around. It can they may be formed as flattened surface elements arranged over the circumference and / or as trough-shaped, groove-shaped or grave-shaped depressions tapering towards the tip. As a result, the air flows can be uniform and essentially laminar to all of the

Spinneret spun monofilaments are introduced.

A preferred embodiment is that the exit bores are directed outwardly at an acute angle against the center line of the spinning nipple, thereby avoiding that the liquid monofilaments spun out of the exit bores do not converge. The exit holes can also be curved outwards. The term "exit hole" does not mean that it always has to have a round cross-section. It can also be e.g. have an oval or polygonal, such as rectangular or square cross-section. The isolation chamber of the spinneret can in a simple

Are made by the fact that the rotationally symmetrical nozzle inner part has a lug, with the rotationally symmetrical, sleeve-shaped outer part can also engage at one end to form the likewise rotationally symmetrical, elongated isolation chamber when the spinneret with its provided on the outer part thread into a Bracket, eg a spinneret plate can be used. Preferably, directional elements can be provided on the spinning nozzle tip, which are formed such that the cross section of the nozzle tip part is polygonal, cross-shaped, cloverleaf-shaped or star-shaped.

In the spinning device according to the invention are a A plurality of spinnerets according to the invention are used in a spinneret part, wherein a gas nozzle part is arranged at a distance from the spinneret part and has a plurality of the spinnerets associated gas nozzles, which are designed as acceleration nozzles of a guided through the respective gas nozzle and the monofilament gas flow. With such a spinning device, a plurality of thin filaments formed by splicing a plurality of monofilaments can be produced, and by increasing the exit bores of the spinnerets, both the number of filaments and the fineness of the filaments can be increased. The gas nozzles are preferably rotationally symmetrical and are each associated with a spinneret, whereby the gas flow can flow evenly around the spun monofilaments, but it can also slot-shaped gas nozzles or Laval nozzles are provided, especially if the outlet holes are arranged in the nozzle tip part in a row.

In a preferred embodiment, the spinneret member has a plurality of rows of spinnerets and more preferably the spinnerets of one row are offset from the spinnerets of an adjacent row. As a result, spunbonded nonwovens of greater uniformity can be produced.

A further advantageous embodiment in its interior against heat losses of isolated spinnerets and their position to the downstream in the flow direction acceleration nozzles, eg in Laval nozzle form, is the rigid connection and thus defined positioning of the spinning nozzle center for acceleration center of gravity. This has the advantage that the exiting liquid textile jets are uniformly detected circumferentially by the gas, usually air jets, since in general the otherwise caused inequalities over the thread cross section are not desirable. Thus, larger spinal widths in a spinning device, often referred to as a spinneret, can also compensate for the different expansion between the warmer spinneret part and the subsequent gas nozzle part, so that the centers of the spun lines of the two parts producing the "nanoval effect" , always aligned: With several outflow openings in the spinneret whose center is taken in the spinning nozzle tip as the beginning of the spin line, unless special effects such as a twist to yarn formation in the acceleration nozzle to be caused, which is usually avoided in nonwovens.

According to the invention, in the method of spinning filaments from a dope by splicing from at least one spinneret, a monofilament is spun out which is accelerated from surrounding gas flow to splicing, the dope being fed through a feed channel for spinning through a gas cushion surrounding it isolated against heat loss. The advantages over the prior art process without isolation are similar to those described in connection with the spinneret.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, the dope conveyed in the feed channel is divided into a plurality of separate sub-streams, each of which is spun out as a monofilament and, by means of the accelerated gas flow, into a plurality of sub-streams. number of essentially endless threads are spliced.

In order to produce particularly fine threads of synthetic and natural polymers, such as polypropylene, polyester and other filament-forming textile materials, such as cellulosic solutions or those of PAN or aramids, the flowing spinning mass per outlet opening must be reduced, so that the necessary Formänderungsarbeit am liquid monofilament is increased.

But this means the risk of higher cooling, especially in the exposed area of the spinnerets, which precludes the splitting or bursting into a higher number of monofilaments. By providing multiple exit holes at the spinneret, i. the dope in the nozzle tip is divided into several streams, the flowing dope can be reduced per outlet bore and there is still no risk that in the feed channel, the spinning mass is cooled too much, since the throughput is increased in it and thus the temperature the exit holes is higher and the amount of dope in the feed channel no longer depends on the size of the exit hole alone, but on the number of exit holes and their size.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description. Show it

Fig. 1 shows a section through an inventive

Spinneret, Fig. 2 shows a section through a part of the device according to the invention with a plurality of spinnerets according to the embodiment of FIG. 1,

3 shows a partial section through a spinneret according to a further embodiment and a top view of the nozzle tip from below, a schematic simplified view of a spinneret according to a third embodiment of the invention,

2, in which the spinneret and the accelerating nozzle are connected to one another. FIG.

In Fig. 1, a spinneret 1 is shown according to a first embodiment. The spinneret urafasst a rotationally symmetrical nozzle inner part 2 and a rotationally symmetrical outer part 3, wherein the outer part 3 is sleeve-shaped and at one end has an external thread 6 and at the other end, ie the nozzle tip region, is cone-shaped. The inner part 2 comprises a pin-like region 2 ¹ with a cone-shaped end, which at the other end merges into a stepped projection 2 "with a larger diameter than the pin-like region 2 '. Onsymmetrische inner part 2 is penetrated in the longitudinal direction, ie in the axial direction of a supply channel 5, which is connected in the nozzle tip region with one or more outlet holes 7. The rotationally symmetrical outer part 3 can be screwed with its external thread together with the inner part in a holder (will be described below), wherein the stepped approach serves as a stop. The dimensions of the inner part 2 and the outer part 3 are dimensioned such that a hollow, elongated insulating chamber 4, which is filled with gas, generally air, is formed between the two. The outer part 3, ie the end of its cone, bears against the inner part 2 in the nozzle tip region in a sealed manner, the cone of the outer part 3 continuing with the conical end of the pin-like region of the inner part 2 and forming both the nozzle tip region. In Fig. 2, the device according to the invention is shown in which a plurality of self-contained spinnerets 1 or spin nipples is used to a spinneret assembly in a spinneret 9 and a spinneret plate, wherein the spinnerets 1 by means of the thread 6 on the outer part 3 in the Spinneret 9 are screwed and sealed on sloping surfaces 10 at the neck 2 "each spinneret 1 in the receiving bores of Spinndüsenteils 9 for textile material supply through the spinning nipple 11, since the inclined surfaces 10 when screwing against the spinneret

9 are pressed

The feed channels 5 of each spinneret 1 are connected to corresponding feed channels 11 which are formed in the spinneret part 9 and an overlying part 8 and which are connected to a not shown th distribution chamber are connected, is introduced into the spinning mass. Below the spinning nozzle part 9 with a space forming a space 13 there is arranged a gas nozzle plate 15, which has a plurality of acceleration nozzles 14, which can be designed as Laval nozzles, ie with a narrowing area and an abruptly or continuously expanding area. In this case, the nozzle plate 15 is arranged with respect to the spinnerets 1 such that the tips of the spinnerets 1 dip slightly into the acceleration nozzles 14 or lie slightly above the acceleration nozzles 14. Preferably, a plurality of rows of spinnerets 1 are provided in the spinneret 9, whereby adjacent rows may be offset from each other. For producing a spunbonded web, preferably several rows of spinnerets 1 of such a spinneret assembly are arranged transversely to the direction of travel of a delivery belt or a removal drum corresponding to the desired web width.

The space 13 between spinning nozzle part 9 and gas nozzle plate 15 serves to supply a gas, preferably air, which flows through the accelerating nozzles 14 according to the arrows 12. From the outlet bores 7 of the spinnerets becomes one

Monofilament 16 spun and after the nanoval process, the air flows around these monofilaments 16 and the lower portion of the spinneret 1 according to the arrows 12 in the space 13 with increasing speed to the accelerating nozzles 14, through which they

Room 13 leaves. The openings of the acceleration nozzles 14 are generally round, but may also be slot-shaped. They are convergent in the flow direction and may be formed in their cross-sections in the form of a convergent-divergent Laval nozzle, with abrupt ones as well Transitions are possible. The acceleration nozzles 14 coincide in their longitudinal axis with the longitudinal axis of the spinning nipple 1. As can be seen, the monofilament 16 splices into a plurality of due to the pressure conditions inside and outside the monofilament

Filaments 17, which can be stored in nonwoven fabric on a collection tape or a collecting drum or collected as yarns with conventional winding devices on spools.

Especially in the lower part of the spinning nipple 1 or the spinning nipple, the cooling effect of the air through the e.g. rotationally symmetrical flow directed toward the opening of the accelerating nozzles 14 with increasing air velocity. The air should be in an accelerating flow as soon as possible, substantially parallel to the liquid monofilament and be significantly greater than the thread speed. From this it follows at the same time that the cooling, especially of the nipple tip, is to be given great attention, because in the method used the thread count is primarily dependent on the temperature of the spinning mass and only then on the attacking air velocity, the splicing through causes the generation of shear stresses on the liquid flow. The cooling is through the supply channel 5 with the flowing fiber-forming

Spinnmasse surrounding air layers of the insulating chamber 4 is reduced. Since the heat loss of the spinning mass to the outside and thus the temperature difference between the upper region of the feed channel 5 and the outlet bore is lower, it arrives at a higher temperature at the outlet bores 7 of the respective spinneret 1. Since the temperature is higher, the viscosity is lower in most spinning masses and it can in each case more dope by the Zu- Run channels 5 and outlet holes 7 flow.

FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the spinneret according to the invention, which can likewise be used in a device according to FIG. 2. This spinneret 1 according to FIG. 3 differs from that according to FIG. 1 in that three outlet bores 7 are provided for spinning out three monofilaments and are connected to the supply channel 5. The arrangement of these outlet holes 7 is in the

View of the nozzle tip from the bottom in Fig. 3 right recognize. The arrangement of three outlet bores 7 is only mentioned here by way of example; it is also possible to provide more exit bores, also called capillaries, or only two. By

Arrangement of several outlet holes 7 in the nozzle tip, the throughput can be increased.

By way of example, the following dimensions for the nipple tip can be given, as they have proved favorable for threads around and under 1 μm in diameter: d 1 = diameter of the feed channel = 1.5 mm to 2 mm, d 2 = diameter of the capillary = 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm. The length of the outlet bore or the capillary is, for example, 1 mm to 2.4 mm. The length of the spinneret is of the order of 30 mm. All this information is only an example, other dimensions may be used depending on the specifications

As shown in Fig. 4, the outlet holes 7, in contrast to Fig. 3, in which they are arranged parallel to each other, be directed at an acute angle to the central axis of the nozzle 1 to the outside. As a result, there is a risk that the monofilaments spun out of the outlet bores 7 and after splicing the multifiles converge, avoided.

The outer surfaces of the nozzle tip between the holes 7 can for better approaching the air with the aim of uniform embrace the exiting

Monofilament be formed in the form of tapered to the tip flats or channel-shaped recesses. For this purpose, some "meat" is removed from the round cross section of the top.

In Fig. 5 the view of the nozzle tip from below in three different embodiments is shown, wherein Fig. 5a has a substantially triangular shape with flats, in Fig. 5b is a cross with four outlet holes shown, wherein between the legs of the cross, the trough-shaped Recess is visible. FIG. 5 c shows three outlet bores 7 which lie next to one another in a row or one behind the other.

For this embodiment according to FIG. 5c, an assignment of the nozzle tip of a spinneret 1 to a slot-shaped Laval nozzle 14 is shown in FIG. 6 in two side views.

Example:

In an arrangement according to FIG. 2 with several spinnerets 1 in nipple form, an embodiment according to FIG. 3 with three openings of diameter 0.25 mm was used. At a throughput of polypropylene of 1.5 g / min per port or exit bore with a melt flow rate MFI (Melt Flow Index, also called MFR) of 28 and 1200, measured in a standardized device according to ISO 1133 which indicates how many grams of a heated thermoplastic polymer in 10 min pressed under the action of a specified force through a nozzle, here for polypropylene at 230 ° C and 2.16 kg, resulted after splicing mean thread diameter, measured from 20 individual filaments in the microscope: 1 capillary of 0.25 mm diameter delivered at 1.5 g / min and MFI 28 a mean thread diameter of 1.1 pm with the smallest measured diameter of 0.8 pm, at MFI 1200 a mean thread diameter of 0.95 pm, smallest 0.4 pm. For three 0.25 mm diameter capillaries, thread diameters were 0.8 μm at MFI 28 and 0.7 μm at MFI 1200 at a throughput of 3 x 1.5 g / min, ie 4.5 g / min per spinneret , In Fig. 7, a spinnerette 1 in a nipple shape, which may have an embodiment according to Figures 1 and 3 to 6, shown, which is associated with an accelerating nozzle 20, for example Laval nozzle, corresponding to the accelerating nozzles 14 in Fig. 2 and Fig. 6 , As in Fig. 1, the spinneret 1 is substantially rotationally symmetrical and has in its center in the interior of the feed channel 5 for the textile material, which ends with the outflow opening or outlet bore 7 of the capillary. In the middle of it lies the acceleration or Laval nozzle 20, which ends in the flow direction of the accelerating gas after a constriction to a narrowest cross-section, ie, can expand abruptly or expand continuously. The

Laval nozzle 20 is part of a sleeve 21 which surrounds the spinneret 1 and can slide on this in a fit corresponding to the reference numeral 22. This serves to ensure that during spinning and cleaning the distance between capillary and lower

Laval nozzle surface can be changed (see also EP 1 902 164 AI). The sleeve 21, if omitted, be firmly connected to the spinneret 1, for example over a thread. Furthermore, the sleeve 21 may consist of manufacturing reasons of an upper and a lower part, which are interconnected at the reference numeral 23.

According to the purpose of the present invention, a cavity 24 is also provided between the sleeve 21 and the spinneret 1 for insulation by means of gas or air. Furthermore, insulating chambers 4 as shown in FIG. 1 can be provided in the spinning nipple. In the lower portion of the sleeve 21 above the Laval nozzle 20, gas holes 25 are incorporated, e.g. in four places, as shown in section A-A in Fig. 7. Through these gas openings, the gas or air can flow to the accelerating nozzle and in the textile monofilament the nanoval effect, i. the

Splicing the textile monofilament. In a spinning device according to FIG. 2, the lower part of the sleeve 21 rests on a plate 26 with openings for receiving the acceleration nozzles 20 provided in the lower part of the sleeve 21. The plate 26, together with the Laval nozzles 20, the gas nozzle plate 15 of FIG. 2, and a gas nozzle part, which can be raised and lowered, with the sleeve 21 moves on the spinneret 1 accordingly. to

2 prevents creeping flows of the accelerating gas out of the space 13 between the spinning nozzle part (9 in FIG. 2) and the gas nozzle part 26, 20 through annular gaps 27 between the acceleration nozzles 20 and the receiving plate 26 due to the higher pressure in the space 13 the environment of the spinning device in each case a seal 28 may be provided in the annular gap 27, which prevents the creep. The acceleration or

Laval nozzles 20 and the lower part of the sleeves 21 can each - in the drawing horizontally - in move the annular gaps 27.

Claims

claims

Spinneret for spinning filaments of a spinning mass with a rotationally symmetrical nozzle inner part, which has in its longitudinal direction a channel for the supply of dope to a nozzle tip part with at least one exit bore,

characterized in that the rotationally symmetrical nozzle inner part (2) is at least partially surrounded by a rotationally symmetrical outer part (3), wherein between the nozzle inner part (2) and outer part (3) in the longitudinal direction at least one insulating chamber (4) is formed, in which a gas, preferably air , is incorporated to form an insulating gas layer or in which an insulating vacuum is provided.

Spinneret according to claim 1, characterized in that in the nozzle tip part a plurality of outlet bores (7) is arranged, which are connected to the supply channel (5) and from each of which a monofilament (16) can be spinned.

Spinneret according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that in the peripheral surface of the tapered nozzle tip portion for the approach of the monofilaments (16) umströmendem gas directional elements are incorporated.

4. spinneret according to claim 3, characterized in that the directional elements as over the Um- arranged flattened Flächeneleraente arranged and / or designed as a trough to the tip, groove or trench-shaped depressions.

Spinneret according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the longitudinal axes of the outlet bores (7) to the longitudinal axis of the feed channel (5) are inclined outwards.

Spinneret according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rotationally symmetrical nozzle inner part (2) has a pin-like region (2 ') to which a projection

(2 ^{1 1} ) connects, wherein the rotationally symmetrical sleeve-like outer part (3) to form the likewise rotationally symmetrical at least one insulating chamber (4) the pin-like area

(2 ') surrounds and on the neck (2' ') is supported.

Spinneret according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cross section of the nozzle tip part is polygonal, cross-shaped, cloverleaf-shaped or star-shaped.

Spinneret according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the ratio of the diameter of the feed channel (5) to the diameter of the outlet bores (7) is between 2 and 12.

Spinning device for spinning threads of a spinning dope with a spinning nozzle part (9) and a gas nozzle part (15; 26, 20) arranged at a distance from the spinning nozzle part, wherein a plurality of spinnerets (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15 are inserted into the spinning nozzle part (9) 8 is inserted, from the spinneret part (9), the gas nozzle part (15; 26, 20), and wherein the gas nozzle part has a plurality of spinnerets (1) associated gas nozzles (14, 20), which are designed as acceleration nozzles of a guided through the respective gas nozzle and the monofilaments (16) comprising gas flow ,

Spinning device according to claim 9, characterized in that the gas nozzles (14, 20) are rotationally symmetrical or slot-shaped.

Spinning apparatus according to claim 9 or claim

10, characterized in that the spinning nozzle part (9) has a plurality of rows of spinnerets, wherein preferably the spinnerets (1) of a row are offset from those of the adjacent row.

Spinning device according to one of claims 9 to

11, characterized in that the gas nozzles (20) and the spinnerets (1) are interconnected, preferably by means of a spinneret each surrounding sleeve carrying the gas nozzle.

A method of spinning filaments from a dope by splicing a monofilament spun from at least one spinnerette (1), which is spliced from a accelerated gas stream surrounding the monofilament to splicing into a plurality of substantially endless filaments, the dope being bonded to Spinning over a supply channel (5) is passed, characterized in that the supply channel (5) of the spinneret (1) by a supply channel um- gas cushion or vacuum is isolated against heat loss.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that in the feed channel (5) funded dope is divided into at least two separate sub-streams, which are each spun as a monofilament and spliced by the accelerated gas flow in a plurality of substantially endless threads ,

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the monofilaments are spun at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of each spinneret enclosing direction component.

16. spunbond or yarn produced by the method according to any one of claims 13 to 15.