EP2566906B1 - Polyisocyanate prepolymers and use thereof - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to Polyisocyanatprepolymere, characterized in that they contain polyether carbonate as the synthesis component, their preparation and their use as isocyanate component in 1- and 2-component systems for paints, adhesives and sealants.

Isocyanate-functional prepolymers are used in many technical fields, in particular for the bonding and coating of substrates and in sealants. Both moisture-curing 1-component systems and 2-component systems are used, polyols and / or polyamines being frequently used as reactants for the isocyanate-containing prepolymers.

Moisture-curing paints, adhesives and sealants and their preparation belong to the general state of the art and are widely described in the literature. All prepolymers containing isocyanate groups, which are not stored under complete exclusion of moisture, lose isocyanate groups over time due to reaction with atmospheric moisture. Temperature stress promotes this process significantly. On the surface, this reaction proceeds rapidly, the diffusion into the interior of z. As moldings, foaming paint films or adhesive and sealant layers can take long periods. As long as this reaction takes place, the molecular weight or the crosslinking density increases, correspondingly, the physical properties change.

Particularly in the area of paints and adhesives, the fastest possible complete conversion of the free isocyanate groups of the prepolymer with atmospheric moisture is desirable in order to obtain the finished use properties at an early stage. Nevertheless, a very good shelf life of the prepolymer must be given. To accelerate the curing process, the formulations are often external catalysts such. As organic tin compounds (dibutyltin dilaurate) or aminic accelerator (Dimorpholinodiethylether) added. However, these catalysts can adversely affect the storage stability under temperature load, in particular of prepolymers based on reactive aromatic isocyanates, as well as the property profile of the adhesive. There has therefore been no lack of attempts, isocyanate-containing prepolymers higher To provide reactivity, which have a high reactivity to moisture without the addition of external catalysts. Such prepolymers are often based on polyether or polyester polyols containing nitrogen atoms. These products are preferably used in one-part, moisture-curing foam applications.

The DE OS 1922626 and the EP-A 796 880 describe processes for the preparation of storage-stable, moisture-fast one-component polyurethane-based one-component systems. These are solvent- and plasticizer-containing formulations which can be used as binders in one-component coating systems.

Moisture-curing adhesive compositions are described, for example, in WO-A 95/10555 . DE OS 102 37 649 . DE OS 103 04 153 . EP-A 1 072 620 . WO-A 00/44803 . WO-A 2009000405 , In this case, in order to accelerate the curing, some polyamine-containing polyethers are used as synthesis components or catalysts based on morpholine derivatives.

According to the WO 2009/119454 polyurethanes are produced instead of the prepolymers according to the present invention according to the present application. In Examples 1 to 3, the polyurethanes are reacted from MDI, a PO / CO ₂ copolymer and a diol from chain extender in a molar ratio of 3: 1: 2.1. As a result, the resulting polyurethane is OH-functional due to the OH excess. In addition, this prepolymer is not used as a two-component system in the context of the present invention.

Also the WO 2007/082665 does not disclose a two-component system in the sense of the present invention. Instead, polyurethane-urea solutions are generated, not reactive-curing systems.

According to WO 2007/082655 also no two-component reactive systems are disclosed, but aqueous polyurethane dispersions, whereby the presently claimed invention already significantly differs from the disclosure of this publication.

From the EP 1 803 757 the production of thermoplastic polyurethane is known, which is then processed in an injection molding machine to form parts. Accordingly, these are not two-component curing systems in the context of the present invention.

In example 7 of the WO 1988/006577 NCO-containing prepolymers are produced by reaction of an OH-functional polyurethane with MDI. The OH-functional polyurethane is in turn generated by reacting a polyethercarbonate polyol of ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide and CO ₂ . According to this publication, it is also provided that the work-up of the OH-functional polyurethane according to Example 3 is carried out via a distillation step in which a significant amount of ethylene carbonate is removed. Therefore, the resulting OH-functional polyurethane will contain no more carbonate groups at all. Thus, the NCO-containing prepolymers known from this publication are not those which have a polyethercarbonate polyol backbone. In addition, the use of known from these known prepolymers in the claimed manner, that is in two-component curing systems, not disclosed.

Out EP 0 496 204 the production of a cellular polyurethane elastomer is known as a molded body. A two-component curing system according to the present invention, however, is not described.

In US 4,463,141 Example 2 describes the preparation of a thermoplastic polyurethane. However, this is not a two-component curing system in the sense of the presently claimed invention.

Out EP 1 707 586 the production of thermoplastic polyurethanes based on polyethercarbonate diols is known. The use of polyisocyanate mixtures with a polyethercarbonate polyol backbone in two-component curing systems, however, is not described.

In EP 0 292 772 discloses a process for producing OH-functional thermoplastic polyurethanes based on polyethercarbonate diols. Thus, the substances described here are not just polyisocyanate mixtures, ie NCO-terminated prepolymers. As a result, the two-component curing systems claimed according to the invention, in which the abovementioned polyisocyanate mixtures are used, are likewise unknown.

From the older one WO 2010/115567 For example, according to its subsequent publication, a microcellular polyurethane polymer is known which is produced from an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer with a polyethercarbonate polyol as the synthesis component of the formula (I), a second polymer and with a chain extender. However, it does not describe the use of the abovementioned prepolymer in two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealants.

There is a continuing need for alternative or improved isocyanate-functional prepolymers for the above uses. As prepolymers in adhesives, coating compositions or sealants, the prepolymers should fulfill the requirements of the respective application properties as well as possible.

It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide isocyanate-functional prepolymers having improved properties, in particular faster drying, when used as an adhesive, sealant or in coating applications.

Surprisingly, it has been found that isocyanate-functional prepolymers which contain polyether carbonate polyols as the synthesis component achieve this object. Further objects of the invention are isocyanate-functional prepolymers, their preparation and their use in adhesives, sealants and in coating applications.

The polyethercarbonate polyol preferably has an average OH functionality (average number of OH groups per molecule) of 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4, particularly preferably 2 to 3 and very particularly preferably 2.

The polyethercarbonate polyol preferably has a content of carbonate groups (calculated as CO 2) of at least 1% by weight, preferably of at least 5% by weight, particularly preferably of at least 10% by weight and very particularly preferably of 15 to 30% by weight. %.

The polyethercarbonate polyol preferably has a number average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000, preferably 500 to 5000, more preferably 750 to 4000 and most preferably 1000 to 3500, measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography).

Suitable polyethercarbonate polyols are obtainable, for example, by addition of carbon dioxide and alkylene oxides onto H-functional starter substances using multimetal cyanide catalysts, which are also referred to as DMC catalysts, for example according to WO 2008/013731 , Although the possibility of the general usability of the polyether carbonates in polyurethane foams, elastomers, coatings, sealants and adhesives is mentioned there, no statements are made about the expected effects on the properties of the resulting products.

The preparation of the polyether carbonate is usually carried out by catalytic addition of alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide to H-functional starter substances.

As alkylene oxides, it is possible to use pure alkylene oxides, mixtures of alkylene oxides or mixtures of oxides of industrially available raffinate streams. In general, alkylene oxides having 2 to 24 carbon atoms can be used for the process according to the invention. Examples which may be mentioned are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1-butene oxide, 2,3-butene oxide, 1-pentenoxide, 1-hexene oxide, 1-octene oxide, 1-decene oxide, butadiene monoxide, isoprene monoxide, cyclopentene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, styrene oxide and mesitylene oxide. In particular, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and styrene oxide are particularly preferably propylene oxide and styrene oxide and most preferably used propylene oxide.

To prepare the polyethercarbonate polyols used in the present invention, alkylene oxides and carbon dioxide are attached to H-functional starter substances. As suitable starting substances, all compounds with active for the alkoxylation H atoms can be used. For the alkoxyation, active groups having active H atoms are -OH, -NH, -SH and -CO ₂ H, preferably -OH and -NH and more preferably -OH.

Suitable starter substances include, for example, water, polyhydric alcohols, polyhydric amines, polyhydric thiols, polyhydric amino alcohols, polyhydric thio alcohols, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyester ether polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyethyleneimines, polyether amines (eg so-called Jeffamine® from Huntsman, such as, for example, US Pat. D-230, D-400, D-2000, T-403, T-3000, T-5000 or corresponding BASF products, such as polyetheramine D230, D400, D200, T403, T5000), polytetrahydrofurans (e.g. PolyTHF® from BASF, such as, for example, PolyTHF® 250, 650S, 1000, 1000S, 1400, 1800, 2000), polytetrahydrofuranamines (BASF product polytetrahydrofuranamine 1700), polyether thiols and polyacrylate polyols. In a particular embodiment may be used as starter substances castor oil, the mono- or diglyceride of ricinoleic acid or monoglycerides of fatty acids. Furthermore, it is possible to use chemically modified mono-, di- and / or triglycerides of fatty acids or C1-C24-alkyl fatty acid esters in which chemically an average of at least 2 OH groups have been introduced per molecule. Examples include commercial products such as Lupranol Balance® (BASF AG), Merginol® types (Hobum Oleochemicals GmbH), Sovermol® types (Cognis Germany GmbH & Co. KG) and SoyolTM types (Fa USSC Co.).

As starter substances all compounds mentioned are used either as individual substances or as mixtures of at least 2 of the compounds mentioned.

Polyhydric alcohols suitable as starter substances are, for example, dihydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,4-butenediol, 1,4-butynediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol , Methylpentanediols, such as. For example, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol; 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, bis (hydroxymethyl) -cyclohexanes, such as 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, such as. For example, polyethylene glycol 400, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycols; trihydric alcohols, such as. Trimethylolpropane, glycerin, trishydroxyethyl isocyanurate, castor oil; tetrahydric alcohols, such as. Pentaerythritol; Polyalcohols, such as. As sorbitol, hexitol, sucrose, starch, starch hydrolysates, cellulose, cellulose hydrolysates, hydroxy-functionalized fats and oils, especially castor oil. All modification products of these alcohols mentioned with different amounts of ε-caprolactone are also suitable as starter substances. Particularly suitable dihydric alcohols are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol into consideration. Alcohols of the general formula HO (CH ₂ ) x-OH, where x is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20, are preferred. Examples of these are ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol and dodecane-1,12-diol. Further preferred is neopentyl glycol.

Alcohols having functionalities of 2-6, either as a single substance or as a mixture of at least 2 of the alcohols mentioned, are used in particular as starter substances for the preparation according to the invention of polyethercarbonate polyols. Di- and / or trifunctional alcohols are preferably used as starter substances.

The starter substances may also be selected from the substance class of the polyether polyols , in particular those having a molecular weight Mn in the range from 100 to 4000 g / mol (GPC). At least 2-functional, preferably 2- to 6-functional, particularly preferably 2 to 4-functional polyether polyols are used as the polyether polyols. Preference is given to polyether polyols which are composed of repeating ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units, preferably with a proportion of 35 to 100% propylene oxide units, more preferably with a proportion of 50 to 100% propylene oxide units. These may be random copolymers, gradient copolymers, alternating or block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Suitable polyether polyols composed of repeating propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide units are, for example, the Desmophen®, Acclaim®, Arcol®, Baycoll®, Bayfill®, Bayflex® Baygal®, PET® and polyether polyols the Bayer MaterialScience AG, such as Desmophen® 3600Z, Desmophen® 1900U, Acclaim® Polyol 2200, Acclaim® Polyol 4000I, Arcol® Polyol 1004, Arcol® Polyol 1010, Arcol® Polyol 1030, Arcol® Polyol 1070, Baycoll® BD 1110, Bayfill® VPPU 0789, Baygal® K55, PET® 1004, Polyether® S180. Further suitable homo-polyethylene oxides are, for example, the Pluriol® E grades from BASF AG, suitable homopolypropylene oxides are, for example, the Pluriol® P grades from BASF AG, suitable mixed copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are, for example, Pluronic® PE or Pluriol® RPE Brands of BASF AG.

The starter substances can also be selected from the substance class of the polyester polyols , in particular those having a molecular weight Mn in the range from 200 to 4500 g / mol (GPC). Polyester polyols used are at least difunctional polyesters. Polyester polyols preferably consist of alternating acid and alcohol units. As acid components z. For example, succinic acid, maleic acid, adipic acid, phthalic anhydride, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid or mixtures of said acids and / or anhydrides. As alcohol components z. Ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, diethylene glycol, Dipropylene glycol or mixtures of the alcohols mentioned used. If divalent or polyhydric polyether polyols are used as the alcohol component, polyester polyethers are obtained which can likewise serve as starter substances for the preparation of the polyether carbonate polyols. Preference is given to using polyether polyols having Mn = 150 to 2000 g / mol (GPC) for the preparation of the polyester ether polyols.

Furthermore, polycarbonate diols can be used as starter substances , in particular those having a molecular weight Mn in the range from 150 to 4500 g / mol (GPC), which are prepared, for example, by reacting phosgene, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or diphenyl carbonate and difunctional alcohols or polyester polyols or polyether polyols. Examples of polycarbonates can be found, for. B. in the EP-A 1359177 , For example, the Desmophen® C grades of Bayer MaterialScience AG can be used as polycarbonate diols, such as, for. Desmophen® C 1100 or Desmophen® C 2200.

In a further embodiment of the invention, polyether carbonate polyols can be used as starter substances. In particular, polyether carbonate polyols are used according to the process described here. These polyether carbonate polyols used as starter substances are prepared beforehand in a separate reaction step.

Water, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, castor oil, sorbitol and polyetherpolyols, composed of repeating polyalkylene oxide units, are preferably used as H-functional starter substances. Particularly preferred are diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 2 to 3-functional polyether polyols composed of propylene oxide or of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide. The polyether polyols preferably have a molecular weight Mn in the range of 62 to 4500 g / mol (GPC) and a functionality of 2 to 4 and in particular a molecular weight Mn in the range of 62 to 3000 g / mol (GPC) and a functionality of 2 to 3 The preferred starter substances are used either as a single substance or as a mixture of at least 2 of the substances mentioned. The polyether carbonate polyols are prepared by catalytic addition of carbon dioxide and alkylene oxides onto starter substances having H atoms active for the alkoxylation.

The double metal cyanide catalysts used for the preparation of the polyethercarbonate polyols preferably have the general formula (IV) M1a [M2 (CN) b (A) c] d .fM1gXn.h (H2O) .el L (IV) where M1 is a metal ion selected from the group containing Zn2 +, Fe2 +, Co3 +, Ni2 +, Mn2 +, Co2 +, Sn2 +, Pb2 +, Mo4 +, Mo6 +, Al3 +, V4 +, V5 +, Sr2 +, W4 +, W6 +, Cr2 +, Cr3 +, Cd2 +, M2, a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Fe2 +, Fe3 +, Co2 +, Co3 +, Mn2 +, Mn3 +, V4 +, V5 +, Cr2 +, Cr3 +, Rh3 +, Ru2 +, Ir3 + and M1 and M2 are the same or different, A is an anion selected from the group consisting of halide, hydroxide, sulfate , Carbonate, cyanide, thiocyanate, isocyanate, cyanate, carboxylate, oxalate or nitrate, X is an anion selected from the group comprising halide, hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, cyanide, thiocyanate, isocyanate, cyanate, carboxylate, oxalate or nitrate, L a water-miscible ligand selected from the group comprising alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, polyethers, esters, Har n, amides, nitriles, and sulfides, as well as a, b, c, d, g and n are selected so that the electroneutrality of the compound is ensured, and e the coordination number of the ligand, f is a fractional or integer greater than or equal to 0 h, a fractional or integer greater than or equal to 0.

The suitable for the preparation of the polyether carbonates DMC catalysts are known in principle from the prior art (see, for example US-A 3 404 109 . US-A 3,829,505 . US-A 3,941,849 and US Pat. No. 5,158,922 ). Preferably used are improved, highly active DMC catalysts, the z. In US Pat. No. 5,470,813 . EP-A 700 949 . EP-A 743 093 . EP-A 761 708 . WO 97/40086 . WO 98/16310 and WO 00/47649 are described. These have an extraordinarily high activity and allow the preparation of polyether polyols at very low catalyst concentrations (25 ppm or less), so that a separation of the catalyst from the finished product is no longer required in general. A typical example is the in EP-A 700 949 described highly active DMC catalysts containing a double metal cyanide compound (eg zinc hexacyanocobaltate (III)) and an organic complex ligand (eg tert-butanol) or a polyether having a number average molecular weight greater than 500 g / mol (GPC).

The catalyst is usually in an amount of less than 1 wt .-%, preferably in an amount of less than 0.5 wt .-%, more preferably in an amount of less than 500 ppm and in particular in an amount of less than 100 ppm, respectively used on the weight of the polyethercarbonate polyol.

The polyether carbonate polyols are prepared in a pressure reactor. The dosage of one or more alkylene oxides and of the carbon dioxide is carried out after the optional drying of a starter substance or the mixture of several starter substances and the addition of the DMC catalyst and the / the additive (s), before or after drying as a solid or in the form of a suspension be added. The metering of one or more alkylene oxides and the carbon dioxide can in principle take place in different ways. The start of dosing can be carried out from the vacuum or at a previously selected form. The admission pressure is preferably set by introducing an inert gas such as, for example, nitrogen, the pressure being set between 10 mbar to 5 bar, preferably 100 mbar to 3 bar and preferably 500 mbar to 2 bar.

The dosage of one or more alkylene oxides and the carbon dioxide can be carried out simultaneously or sequentially, wherein the total amount of carbon dioxide can be added all at once or metered over the reaction time. Preferably, a dosage of carbon dioxide takes place. The dosage of one or more alkylene oxides is carried out simultaneously or sequentially to the carbon dioxide dosage. If several alkylene oxides are used for the synthesis of the polyether carbonate polyols, then their metered addition can be carried out simultaneously or sequentially via separate dosages or via one or more dosages, with at least two alkylene oxides being metered in as a mixture. By way of the method of metering the alkylene oxides and the carbon dioxide, it is possible to synthesize random, alternating, blocky or gradient polyethercarbonate polyols.

Preferably, an excess of carbon dioxide is used, in particular the amount of carbon dioxide is determined by the total pressure under reaction conditions. Due to the inertness of carbon dioxide, an excess of carbon dioxide is an advantage. It has been found that the reaction at 60 to 150 ° C, preferably at 70 to 140 ° C, more preferably at 80 to 130 ° C and pressures of 0 to 100 bar, preferably 1 to 90 bar and more preferably from 3 to 80 bar produces the polyethercarbonate polyols. At temperatures below 60 ° C, the reaction stops. At temperatures above 150 ° C, the amount of unwanted by-products increases sharply.

The polyether carbonates are structural component of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers of the invention. The polyether carbonates are used either alone or in combination with other polyol components. Other polyol components include polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyetherester polyols, and other polyols previously referred to above in the description of the polyethercarbonated polyols. However, in the preparation of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers according to the invention, higher molecular weights for the other polyol components than those mentioned above are also possible. Also suitable polyether polyols include those containing tertiary amino groups. Such tertiary amino groups can be obtained by suitable selection of the starter component be incorporated in the preparation of the polyether. Suitable examples are ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, isophoronediamine, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, triethanolamine, 2,3-diaminotoluene, 2,4-diaminotoluene, etc. These tertiary amino groups increase the reactivity of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers to atmospheric moisture and others as internal catalysts Reactants, such. As polyols.

Suitable isocyanate components for the preparation of the isocyanate prepolymers according to the invention are the customary, commercially available aliphatic, araliphatic and aromatic di- and polyisocyanates. These include monomeric and polymeric isocyanates having isocyanate functionality of on average at least 2, preferably 2 to 6, more preferably 2 to 5 and most preferably 2 to 4. Specifically mentioned are monomeric diisocyanates (functionality = 2), for example aliphatic isocyanates such , For example, 1,4-butane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate and triisocyanatononane; cycloaliphaitsche isocyanates, such as. Isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane; araliphatic isocyanates, such as. B. p-xylylene diisocyanate and tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate and aromatic isocyanate e, such as. B. 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene and mixtures of these isomers, 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane and mixtures of these isomers. Also suitable are polyisocyanates based on said monomeric diisocyanates with isocyanate functionalities> 2. Such polyisocyanates are generally free of monomeric diisocyanates or contain these only in very small amounts of <1 wt .-%, preferably <0.5 wt .-% and particularly preferably <0.3 wt .-%. These polyisocyanates are urethane groups, biuret groups, isocyanurate groups, iminooxadiazinedione groups, uretdione groups and / or allophanate groups, isocyanate-functional compounds.

In the preparation of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers of the invention, the respective polyisocyanate components are usually introduced in molar excess in a reaction vessel and at temperatures in the range of 20 to 160 ° C, preferably 40 to 140 ° C, the polyol components either as a mixture or added sequentially. A possibly occurring exothermic is expediently by cooling so intercepted that the reaction between the isocyanate groups of the isocyanate components with the hydroxyl groups of the hydroxyl components proceeds at a constant temperature. The reaction is complete when the desired isocyanate contents or viscosities of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers of the invention are reached. In the case of the use of monomeric diisocyanates, any residual amounts of these isocyanates must be removed following the urethane reaction, for example by distillation or extraction to produce products with residual monomer contents of <1 wt .-%, preferably <0.5 wt .-% and particularly preferably <0.3 wt .-% to obtain. In the case of the use of polyisocyanates for the preparation of the prepolymers of the invention, removal of excess residual monomers is no longer required after the urethane reaction, because polyisocyanates already have residual monomer content in the required range of <0.5 wt .-%.

The reaction components are preferably used in the proportions that the properties of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers described above, in particular the viscosity, the isocyanate content and the functionality are achieved.

The resulting isocyanate-functional prepolymers of the invention are suitable without further additives for use as one-component moisture-curing coatings, adhesives and sealants. Furthermore, the isocyanate-functional prepolymers of the invention are suitable for use as two-component curing coatings, adhesives and sealants. For this purpose, commercially available polyols and / or polyamines are used as the reactants. Such polyols and / or polyamines have previously been described. In addition, as further polyols solvent-free and solvent-containing polyacrylate, as z. B. under the trade name Desmophen® A of the Viverso GmbH, Bitterfeld, are available. Furthermore, aspartic acid esters can be used as reactants for the isocyanate-functional prepolymers according to the invention. This particular kind of polyamines are products with reduced reactivity of the secondary amino groups. This makes it possible to formulate two-component systems with a reasonable potlife in the range of 10 to 60 minutes, which is not possible due to the high reactivity of conventional primary or secondary amino-containing compounds. Examples of suitable aspartic acid esters are, for. Desmophen® NH 1220, Desmophen® NH 1420, Desmophen® NH 1520 and Desmophen® NH 1521 from Bayer MaterialScience AG

The choice of suitable polyols and / or polyamines and of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers of the invention is generally carried out in such a way that the optimum product properties for the particular application result.

Examples Example 1:

A mixture of 106.56 g of a polyether carbonate diol based on propylene oxide, carbon dioxide and 1,8-octanediol with a content of 24.3% by weight of incorporated carbon dioxide and an OH number of 60.8 mg KOH / g and 106, 56 g of a Polypropylenoxidpolyethers based on 1,2-diaminoethane having an OH number of 60 mg KOH / g is placed in a 1 liter four-necked flask and stirred for 1 hour at 120 ° C under a vacuum of 20 mbar. It is then cooled to 70 ° C. The polyol mixture obtained is within about 30 minutes of a mixture of 200.32 g of a polyisocyanate based on diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with an NCO content of 31.5 wt .-%, a content of 2,2'-MDI of 2 , 3%, a content of 2,4'-MDI of 12.6% and a content of 4,4'-MDI of 42.4%, and a viscosity of 90 mPas at 25 ° C and 85.96 g of a Polyisocyanates based on MDI with an NCO content of 32.5 wt .-%, a content of 2,4'-MDI of 32.2%, a content of 4,4'-MDI of 49.9% and a content added to 2,2'-MDI of 7.3% and a viscosity of 21 mPas (25 ° C). Then, using a possibly occurring exothermic reaction to 80 ° C is heated. It is stirred at 80 ° C until the isocyanate content is constant. Subsequently, 0.3 g of isophthaloyl chloride in 0.3 g of a polyisocyanate based on MDI with an NCO content of 33.5%, a content of 2,4'-MDI of 60.0%, a content of 4.4 ' MDI of 38.5% and a content of 2,2'-MDI of 0.8% and a viscosity of 12 mPas (25 ° C) was added. The result is a brownish colored polyisocyanate mixture having an NCO content of 16.2 wt .-%, a viscosity of 7290 mPas (23 ° C) and an average isocyanate functionality of about 2.8.

Example 2:

238 g of a Polyethercarbonatdiols based on propylene oxide, carbon dioxide and 1,8-octanediol with a content of 24.3 wt .-% of incorporated carbon dioxide and an OH number of 60.8 mg KOH / g are placed in a 1 liter four-necked flask and Stirred for 1 hour at 120 ° C under a vacuum of 20 mbar. It is then cooled to 70 ° C. The polyol obtained is within about 30 minutes to 262 g of a polyisocyanate based on MDI with an NCO content of 33.5%, a content of 2,4'-MDI of 60.0%, a content of 4.4 'MDI of 38.5% and a content of 2,2'-MDI of 0.8% and a viscosity of 12 mPas (25 ° C) added. Then, using a possibly occurring exothermic reaction to 80 ° C is heated. It is stirred at 80 ° C until the isocyanate content is constant. The result is a brownish colored polyisocyanate mixture having an NCO content of 15.4 wt .-%, a viscosity of 980 mPas (23 ° C) and an average isocyanate functionality of about 2.0.

Example 3: (comparison)

A mixture of 107.25 g of a polyetherdiol based on propylene oxide having an OH number of 56 mg KOH / g and 107.25 g of a polypropylene oxide polyether based on 1,2-diaminoethane having an OH number of 60 mg KOH / g placed in a 1 liter four-necked flask and stirred for 1 hour at 120 ° C under a vacuum of 20 mbar. It is then cooled to 70 ° C. The resulting polyol mixture is within about 30 minutes of a mixture of 199.38 g of a polyisocyanate based on diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) having an NCO content of 31.5 wt .-%, a content of 2,2'-MDI of 2 , 3%, a content of 2,4'-MDI of 12.6% and a content of 4,4'-MDI of 42.4%, and a viscosity of 90 mPas at 25 ° C and 85.54 g of a Polyisocyanates based on MDI with an NCO content of 32.5 wt .-%, a content of 2,4'-MDI of 32.2%, a content of 4,4'-MDI of 49.9% and a content added to 2,2'-MDI of 7.3% and a viscosity of 21 mPas (25 ° C). Then, using a possibly occurring exothermic reaction to 80 ° C is heated. It is stirred at 80 ° C until the isocyanate content is constant. Subsequently, 0.29 g of isophthaloyl chloride in 0.29 g of a polyisocyanate based on MDI with an NCO content of 33.5%, a content of 2,4'-MDI of 60.0%, a content of 4.4 ' MDI of 38.5% and a content of 2,2'-MDI of 0.8% and a viscosity of 12 mPas (25 ° C) was added. The result is a brownish colored polyisocyanate mixture having an NCO content of 16.2 wt .-%, a viscosity of 7320 mPas (23 ° C) and an average isocyanate functionality of about 2.8.

Example 4: (comparison)

240 g of a polyether diol based on propylene oxide having an OH number of 56 mg KOH / g are placed in a 1 liter four-necked flask and stirred for 1 hour at 120 ° C under a vacuum of 20 mbar. It is then cooled to 70 ° C. The polyol obtained is within about 30 minutes to 260 g of a polyisocyanate based on MDI with an NCO content of 33.5%, a content of 2,4'-MDI of 60.0%, a content of 4,4'-MDI of 38.5% and a content of 2,2'-MDI of 0.8% and a viscosity of 12 mPas (25 ° C) added. Then, using a possibly occurring exothermic reaction to 80 ° C is heated. It is stirred at 80 ° C until the isocyanate content is constant. The result is a brownish colored polyisocyanate mixture having an NCO content of 15.5 wt .-%, a viscosity of 965 mPas (23 ° C) and an average isocyanate functionality of about 2.0.

Application tests: 1. Testing the reactivity as a reactive adhesive.

As a comparison of the reactivity, the film formation time (FBZ, dry-hard time) and film drying times (FTZ, set-to-touch time) according to ASTM D 5895 in the linear Drying Recorder_ and the viscosity at 25 ° C (rotary viscometer with coaxial cylinders, DIN 53019 ). Further, the storage stability at 70 ° C was measured in terms of viscosity increase over time. The polyisocyanate mixture is said to be storage stable when the viscosity has less than doubled within 14 days of storage at 70 ° C. Example no. Viscosity [mPas] at 23 ° C FBZ [min] FTZ [min] Storage stable within 14d at 70 ° C 1 7290 47 78 Yes 3 ( comparison) 7320 65 105 Yes

The polyisocyanate mixture according to the invention according to Example 1 has a comparable with Example 3 (comparative) viscosity and storage stability. The reactivity of the polyisocyanate mixture according to the invention according to Example 1, which is reflected in short film formation and film drying times, but is significantly higher than the reactivity of the comparative example.

2. Testing as a coating agent

Each 100 g of prepolymer of Examples 2 and 4 were combined at room temperature with a mixture of 63.5 g of Jeffamin® SD 2001 (Huntsman, USA) and 23.5 g of Ethacure® 100 (DETDA, Albemarle, USA) (NCO / NH = 1.1: 1.0). With a 150 micron doctor blade corresponding films were then applied to a glass plate. The properties of the coatings are summarized in Table 2. Prepolymer example 2 4 ( comparison ) Non-tacky film after [min] 3 4 Shore hardness D: DIN 53505 After 1d 48 46 After 2d 53 50 After 7d 55 52 Elongation at break ISO EN 527 [%] 418 420 Tensile strength ISO EN 527 [MPa] 18.9 18.5

The polyisocyanate 2 based on a polyethercarbonate polyol according to the invention, in combination with polyamines, gives a coating which dries very quickly, has a high hardness, a good elongation at break and a high tensile strength. The non-inventive polyisocyanate 4 based on a carbonate-free polyether provides in combination with polyamines a coating which also has a comparable good elongation at break and tensile strength, the drying time to tack-free film is longer and the film hardness is lower than the polyisocyanate of Example 2 according to the invention.

Claims (13)

1. Two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealing materials obtainable by reaction of

   (i) polyisocyanate prepolymers containing polyether carbonate polyols as starting component with

   (ii) at least one component selected from the group of the polyols and polyamines.
2. Two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealing materials according to claim 1, characterised in that the polyether carbonate polyols are obtainable by addition of carbon dioxide and alkylene oxides to H-functional starter substances using multimetal cyanide catalysts (DMC catalysts).
3. Two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealing materials according to claim 1, characterised in that the polyisocyanate prepolymers containing polyether carbonate polyols as starting component contain only aromatic isocyanates.
4. Two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealing materials according to claim 1, characterised in that the polyisocyanate prepolymers containing polyether carbonate polyols as starting component contain only aliphatic isocyanates.
5. Two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealing materials according to claim 1, characterised in that the polyisocyanate prepolymers containing polyether carbonate polyols as starting component contain only cycloaliphatic isocyanates.
6. Two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealing materials according to claim 1, characterised in that the polyisocyanate prepolymers containing polyether carbonate polyols as starting component contain mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates.
7. Two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealing materials according to claim 1, characterised in that the polyisocyanate prepolymers containing polyether carbonate polyols as starting component contain mixtures of aromatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanates.
8. Two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealing materials according to claim 1, characterised in that the polyisocyanate prepolymers containing polyether carbonate polyols as starting component contain mixtures of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanates.
9. Two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealing materials according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the polyisocyanate prepolymers containing polyether carbonate polyols as starting component have isocyanate contents of from 3 to 30 wt.% and isocyanate functionalities of ≥ 2.
10. Two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealing materials according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the polyisocyanate prepolymers containing polyether carbonate polyols as starting component have isocyanate contents of from 5 to 25 wt.% and isocyanate functionalities of ≥ 2.
11. Two-component curing coatings, adhesives or sealing materials according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that polyacrylate polyols or aspartic acid esters are used as component (ii).
12. Use of polyisocyanate prepolymers containing polyether carbonate polyols as starting component in coating compositions, surface-coating compositions, in adhesives or in sealing materials.
13. Use of polyisocyanate prepolymers containing polyether carbonate polyols as starting component for use as a one-component moisture-curing coating, adhesive or sealing material.