EP2565257A1 - Fire-resistant hydraulic oil - Google Patents
Fire-resistant hydraulic oil Download PDFInfo
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- EP2565257A1 EP2565257A1 EP10850795A EP10850795A EP2565257A1 EP 2565257 A1 EP2565257 A1 EP 2565257A1 EP 10850795 A EP10850795 A EP 10850795A EP 10850795 A EP10850795 A EP 10850795A EP 2565257 A1 EP2565257 A1 EP 2565257A1
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- flame
- phosphate
- retardant
- hydraulic oil
- lubricating base
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/2805—Esters used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
- C10M2207/2825—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/285—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
- C10M2207/2855—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new type of flame-retardant hydraulic oil which is impervious to fire and has heat and oxidation stability to lengthen a life, contributing to social development and stability.
- a hydraulic oil which contributes to dealing with a risk of fire is referred to as a flame-retardant hydraulic oil and is classified as follows in Table 1, according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards ISO classification system.
- ISO International Organization for Standardization
- a flame-retardant hydraulic oil collectively refers to products which cause small flames, does not allow a fire to quickly spread, and is self-extinguishable when a fire breaks out.
- An aspect of the present invention provides a flame-retardant hydraulic oil which is fire resistant, inexpensive, does not need to be handled in a special environment, and has a long life.
- a flame-retardant hydraulic oil prepared by mixing 25 to 97 % by weight (wt%) of a petroleum lubricating base oil, 1 to 20 wt% of a phosphorus or halogen flame-retardant additive, 1 to 35 wt% of an ester compound, and 0.05 to 20 wt% of a performance enhancer.
- the petroleum lubricating base oil may include most refined petroleum lubricating base oils provided domestically and internationally, wherein a petroleum lubricating base oil having a dynamic viscosity of 5 to 1,000 millimeters/second (mm 2 /sec) at 40 °C and a paraffin content of 50 to 90 wt% is preferably used since petroleum lubricating base oils having excessively high or excessively low viscosity may cause a problem in operation.
- a petroleum lubricating base oil having a dynamic viscosity of 5 to 1,000 millimeters/second (mm 2 /sec) at 40 °C and a paraffin content of 50 to 90 wt% is preferably used since petroleum lubricating base oils having excessively high or excessively low viscosity may cause a problem in operation.
- the flame-retardant additive used for the flame-retardant hydraulic oil may include phosphorus or halogen flame-retardant additives, wherein a compound including both phosphorus and halogen additives further enhances flame retardancy.
- the flame-retardant additive is obtained by introducing phosphorus and a halogen, which are flame retardant, into an aryl or allyl group and is selected from the group consisting of tricresyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tris( ⁇ -chloroethyl) phosphate, tris( ⁇ -chloropropyl) phosphate, tris(dichloropropyl) phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate and tributoxyethyl phosphate.
- the ester compound used for the flame-retardant hydraulic oil may include at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Formulas 1 to 3: where R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each represent a C1 to C2 alkyl group, and R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and each represent a C6 to C22 saturated or unsaturated alkyl group; where R 1 represents a C1 to C2 alkyl group, and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and each represent a C6 to C22 saturated or unsaturated alkyl group; and where n is an integer from 2 to 12, and R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each represent a C2 to C 18 alkyl group.
- Formulas 1 to 3 where R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each represent a C1 to C2 alkyl group, and R 3 and R 4 are the same or different and each represent a C6 to C22 saturated or unsaturated alkyl group; where n is an integer from 2 to
- the ester compound may include polyol esters disclosed by the inventor of the present invention in KR Patent Registration No. 88842, No. 169565 and No. 0201759 and may include at least one of dibasic esters, such as adipates, azelates, sebacates and phthalates.
- the hydraulic oil is inexpensive, does not need to be handled in a special environment and has excellent flame retardancy by adding the phosphorus or halogen flame-retardant additive to the petroleum lubricating base oil.
- the phosphorus or halogen flame-retardant additive is not properly mixed into the petroleum lubricating base oil, but the present invention solves such a problem by adding the ester compound.
- the performance enhancer includes an antioxidant, an anti-load and anti-abrasive additive, a viscosity enhancer, an anticorrosive agent and an antifoaming agent.
- the antioxidant may include metal salts of phenylnaphthylamine, phenyl, and phosphate ester and be used in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt%.
- the anti-load and anti-abrasive additive is preferably amine salts of phosphate ester neutralized and represented by Formula 4, has a synergy effect in combination with metal salts of phosphate ester, allyl phosphate ester and a sulfide as additives, and is added in an amount of 0.05 to 7.0 wt%: where R represents hydrogen or a C1 to C10 alkyl or aryl hydrocarbon compound, X represents hydrogen or C1 to C4 hydrocarbon, and n is an integer from 1 to 10.
- the viscosity enhancer may include an olefin copolymer, polymethacrylate or the like, preferably polymethacrylate exhibiting excellent shear stability and less change in viscosity and having a molecular weight of 200,000 or less.
- a combination of a low molecular weight viscosity enhancer and a high molecular weight viscosity enhancer may improve low-temperature fluidity as well as viscosity index.
- the viscosity enhancer is added in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0 wt%.
- the anticorrosive agent or the antifoaming agent may be added, as necessary.
- a flame-retardant hydraulic oil according to the present invention is safe from a fire, inexpensive, does not need to be handled in a special environment, and has a long life.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating occurrences of sludge in examples of the present invention and comparative examples after an oxidation stability test.
- Ester compounds used to prepare mixed flame-retardant hydraulic oils according to the present invention were prepared as listed in Table 3 and may be used independently or as mixtures.
- Table 3 Type I (self-manufactured ester)
- Type II commercially available ester
- Appearance KS M 2106
- KS M 2106 2.5 or lower 2.5 or lower Total acid number (mg KOH/g) 3.0 or lower 2.0 or lower Dynamic viscosity (40°C), mm 2 /sec) 20 to 120 10 to 250 Flash point (open type, °C) 250 or higher 200 or higher
- Flame-retardant additives were prepared as illustrated in Table 4, wherein raw materials having a purity of 80% or higher were used for stability of the hydraulic oils.
- Table 4 Flame-retardant additive A Tricresyl phosphate Flame-retardant additive B Tributyl phosphate Flame-retardant additive C Tris( ⁇ -chloroethyl) phosphate Flame-retardant additive D Tris( ⁇ -chloropropyl) phosphate Flame-retardant additive E Tris(dichloropropyl) phosphate Flame-retardant additive F Trioctyl phosphate Flame-retardant additive G Triphenyl phosphate Flame-retardant additive H Octyl diphenyl phosphate Flame-retardant additive I Tris(isopropylphenyl)phosphate) Flame-retardant additive J Tributoxyethyl phosphate
- the lubricating base oils and the flame-retardant additives listed in Tables 2, 3 and 4 were added to suitable amounts of performance enhancers, thereby preparing hydraulic oils as illustrated in Tables 5 and 6.
- content is expressed as percent by weight (wt%).
- Example 1 Example 2
- Example 3 Example 4
- Example 5 Example 6
- Example 7 Petroleum lubricating base oil A 20.0 40.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil C 65.0 30.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil E 60.0 20.0 40.0 70.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil G 40.0 40.0 10.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil I 10.0 25.0 40.0 Self-manufactured ester 1 5.0 10.0 10.0 Commercially available ester 2 3.0 5.0 30.0 Flame-retardant additive A 2.0 2.0 5.0 Flame-retardant additive B 5.0 3.0 Flame-retardant additive C 1.0 Flame-retardant additive D 10.0 Flame-retardant additive E 3.0 Flame-retardant additive F 10.0 Flame-retardant additive G 10.0 Flame-retardant additive H 2.0 5.0 Flame-retardant additive I 5.0 Flame-retardant additive J 10.0 Antioxidant 1.0 0.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 2.0 0.5 Anti-abrasive additive 1.0 0.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Viscos
- Example 8 Example 9
- Example 10 Example 11
- Example 12 Example 13
- the hydraulic oils were generalized in accordance with the International Standards Organization Viscosity Grade (ISO VG).
- Oxidation stability was evaluated by the rotating bomb oxidation test, ASTM D 2272, while abrasion resistance was evaluated by the shell 4-ball test.
- flame retardancy was evaluated by the hot manifold test, MIL-F-7100 Fed 6053, in which a sample was dropped on a manifold at a temperature of 374 °C and identified whether to ignite, and by a sprayed fire test, by which a sample is accessed as flame retardant when the sample has an oxygen demand of 50% or higher necessary to catch fire when sprayed.
- Example 7 Dynamic viscosity (ISO VG) 32 32 46 46 68 68 100 Flash point (°C) 250 250 250 260 270 270 300 Pour point (°C) -30.0 -30.0 -25.0 -25.0 -25.0 -20.0 Oxidation stability (RBOT, min) 500 400 400 500 350 400 500 Abrasion resistance (Scar ⁇ mm) 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.35 Flame retardancy Hot Manifold test Extinguished immediately after ignition Sprayed fire test Oxygen demand: 50 - 55 % Table 8 Test categories Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14 Dynamic viscosity (ISO VG) 46 46 68 68 68 100 100 Flash point (°C) 250 260 250 270 270 280 280 Pour point (°C) -25.0 -25.0 -25.0 -25.0 -20.0 -20.0 Oxidation stability (RBOT, min) 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 500 350 400 500 Abrasion resistance (S
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating occurrences of sludge in examples of the present invention and comparative examples after an oxidation stability test.
- the flame-retardant hydraulic oils according to the examples of the present invention involve less discoloration and generate a small amount of sludge after being tested over a long period of time when compared to a petroleum hydraulic oil and a synthetic hydraulic oil.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a new type of flame-retardant hydraulic oil which is impervious to fire and has heat and oxidation stability to lengthen a life, contributing to social development and stability.
- As an increasing number of high-temperature and high-pressure devices are being used in a variety of industrial facilities, it is necessary to supply a lubricating oil, in particular, hydraulic oil which may actively contribute to addressing a risk of fire. A hydraulic oil which contributes to dealing with a risk of fire is referred to as a flame-retardant hydraulic oil and is classified as follows in Table 1, according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards ISO classification system.
- A flame-retardant hydraulic oil collectively refers to products which cause small flames, does not allow a fire to quickly spread, and is self-extinguishable when a fire breaks out.
- Various types of hydraulic oils are currently being developed and used, wherein petroleum hydraulic oils including mineral oils as lubricating base oils are mostly used. However, the petroleum, that is, mineral hydraulic oils are inappropriate for use at high-temperatures due to a great risk of fire. In contrast, the flame-retardant hydraulic oil is safe from a fire and is very expensive, for example, 3 to 10 times a price of petroleum oils and needs to be handled in a special environment, for example, for sealing and packing. Thus, many facilities use petroleum hydraulic oils in a dangerous environment in which exposure to a fire is prevalent.
- Therefore, a need exists for a new, inexpensive type of flame-retardant hydraulic oil that does not need to be handled in a special environment, and is usable for a long period of time.
- An aspect of the present invention provides a flame-retardant hydraulic oil which is fire resistant, inexpensive, does not need to be handled in a special environment, and has a long life.
- According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a flame-retardant hydraulic oil prepared by mixing 25 to 97 % by weight (wt%) of a petroleum lubricating base oil, 1 to 20 wt% of a phosphorus or halogen flame-retardant additive, 1 to 35 wt% of an ester compound, and 0.05 to 20 wt% of a performance enhancer.
- The petroleum lubricating base oil may include most refined petroleum lubricating base oils provided domestically and internationally, wherein a petroleum lubricating base oil having a dynamic viscosity of 5 to 1,000 millimeters/second (mm2/sec) at 40 °C and a paraffin content of 50 to 90 wt% is preferably used since petroleum lubricating base oils having excessively high or excessively low viscosity may cause a problem in operation.
- The flame-retardant additive used for the flame-retardant hydraulic oil may include phosphorus or halogen flame-retardant additives, wherein a compound including both phosphorus and halogen additives further enhances flame retardancy. The flame-retardant additive is obtained by introducing phosphorus and a halogen, which are flame retardant, into an aryl or allyl group and is selected from the group consisting of tricresyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(β-chloropropyl) phosphate, tris(dichloropropyl) phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate and tributoxyethyl phosphate.
- The ester compound used for the flame-retardant hydraulic oil may include at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Formulas 1 to 3:
- The ester compound may include polyol esters disclosed by the inventor of the present invention in KR Patent Registration No. 88842, No.
169565 0201759 - The hydraulic oil is inexpensive, does not need to be handled in a special environment and has excellent flame retardancy by adding the phosphorus or halogen flame-retardant additive to the petroleum lubricating base oil. Conventionally, the phosphorus or halogen flame-retardant additive is not properly mixed into the petroleum lubricating base oil, but the present invention solves such a problem by adding the ester compound.
- According to an aspect of the present invention, the performance enhancer includes an antioxidant, an anti-load and anti-abrasive additive, a viscosity enhancer, an anticorrosive agent and an antifoaming agent.
- The antioxidant may include metal salts of phenylnaphthylamine, phenyl, and phosphate ester and be used in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt%.
- The anti-load and anti-abrasive additive is preferably amine salts of phosphate ester neutralized and represented by Formula 4, has a synergy effect in combination with metal salts of phosphate ester, allyl phosphate ester and a sulfide as additives, and is added in an amount of 0.05 to 7.0 wt%:
- The viscosity enhancer may include an olefin copolymer, polymethacrylate or the like, preferably polymethacrylate exhibiting excellent shear stability and less change in viscosity and having a molecular weight of 200,000 or less. Here, a combination of a low molecular weight viscosity enhancer and a high molecular weight viscosity enhancer may improve low-temperature fluidity as well as viscosity index. The viscosity enhancer is added in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0 wt%.
- 0.01 to 2.0 wt% of the anticorrosive agent or the antifoaming agent may be added, as necessary.
- Although the foregoing additives are necessary for the lubricating oil composition, excessive amounts thereof may reduce flame retardancy or decrease in viscosity by shear, generation of dregs or discoloration of the oiling agent. Thus, it is needed to mix proper amounts of the base oil and the additives.
- A flame-retardant hydraulic oil according to the present invention is safe from a fire, inexpensive, does not need to be handled in a special environment, and has a long life.
-
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating occurrences of sludge in examples of the present invention and comparative examples after an oxidation stability test. - Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention.
- As a petroleum lubricating base oil, general lubricating base oils available from oil companies were used in view of a flash point, heat and oxidation stability, and impurities content as illustrated in Table 2.
Table 2 Dynamic viscosity (mm2/sec) Color (KS M 2106) Flash point (in open cup, °C) Hydrocarbon composition Cp CA Petroleum lubricating base oil A 15.0 ± 2.0 2.5 or lower 200 or higher 50 or higher 3 or lower Petroleum lubricating base oil B 20.0 ± 2.0 200 or higher Petroleum lubricating base oil C 30.0 ± 2.0 220 or higher Petroleum lubricating base oil D 35.0 ± 2.0 220 or higher Petroleum lubricating base oil F 50.0 ± 2.0 240 or higher Petroleum lubricating base oil H 100.0 ± 5.0 240 or higher Petroleum lubricating base oil G 120.0 ± 10.0 260 or higher Petroleum lubricating base oil H 200.0 ± 10.0 260 or higher Petroleum lubricating base oil I 480.0 ± 20.0 300 or higher Petroleum lubricating base oil J 1000.0 ± 100.0 300 or higher The closer to 0.0 CA is, the more appropriate. - Ester compounds used to prepare mixed flame-retardant hydraulic oils according to the present invention were prepared as listed in Table 3 and may be used independently or as mixtures.
Table 3 Type I (self-manufactured ester) Type II (commercially available ester) Appearance (KS M 2106) 2.5 or lower 2.5 or lower Total acid number (mg KOH/g) 3.0 or lower 2.0 or lower Dynamic viscosity (40°C), mm2/sec) 20 to 120 10 to 250 Flash point (open type, °C) 250 or higher 200 or higher - Flame-retardant additives were prepared as illustrated in Table 4, wherein raw materials having a purity of 80% or higher were used for stability of the hydraulic oils.
Table 4 Flame-retardant additive A Tricresyl phosphate Flame-retardant additive B Tributyl phosphate Flame-retardant additive C Tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate Flame-retardant additive D Tris(β-chloropropyl) phosphate Flame-retardant additive E Tris(dichloropropyl) phosphate Flame-retardant additive F Trioctyl phosphate Flame-retardant additive G Triphenyl phosphate Flame-retardant additive H Octyl diphenyl phosphate Flame-retardant additive I Tris(isopropylphenyl)phosphate) Flame-retardant additive J Tributoxyethyl phosphate - The lubricating base oils and the flame-retardant additives listed in Tables 2, 3 and 4 were added to suitable amounts of performance enhancers, thereby preparing hydraulic oils as illustrated in Tables 5 and 6. Here, content is expressed as percent by weight (wt%).
Table 5 Ingredients Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Petroleum lubricating base oil A 20.0 40.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil C 65.0 30.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil E 60.0 20.0 40.0 70.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil G 40.0 40.0 10.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil I 10.0 25.0 40.0 Self-manufactured ester 1 5.0 10.0 10.0 Commercially available ester 2 3.0 5.0 30.0 Flame-retardant additive A 2.0 2.0 5.0 Flame-retardant additive B 5.0 3.0 Flame-retardant additive C 1.0 Flame-retardant additive D 10.0 Flame-retardant additive E 3.0 Flame-retardant additive F 10.0 Flame-retardant additive G 10.0 Flame-retardant additive H 2.0 5.0 Flame-retardant additive I 5.0 Flame-retardant additive J 10.0 Antioxidant 1.0 0.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 2.0 0.5 Anti-abrasive additive 1.0 0.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Viscosity enhancer Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Antifoaming agent and etc. Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Table 6 Ingredients Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14 Petroleum lubricating base oil B 60.0 20.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil D 50.0 30.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil F 20.0 20.0 45.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil H 10.0 50.0 40.0 Petroleum lubricating base oil J 15.0 Self-manufactured ester 1 10.0 10.0 35.0 35.0 Commercially available ester 2 5.0 20.0 20.0 Flame-retardant additive A 5.0 15.0 5.0 15.0 Flame-retardant additive B 5.0 Flame-retardant additive C 10.0 5.0 Flame-retardant additive D 5.0 10.0 Flame-retardant additive E 5.0 Flame-retardant additive F 5.0 Flame-retardant additive G 5.0 20.0 Flame-retardant additive H 10.0 Flame-retardant additive I 5.0 Flame-retardant additive J 5.0 Antioxidant 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Anti-abrasive additive 2.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 Viscosity enhancer Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Antifoaming agent and etc. Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable Suitable - The hydraulic oils prepared as illustrated in Tables 5 and 6 were evaluated in terms of qualities, and results thereof are listed in Tables 7 and 8.
- The hydraulic oils were generalized in accordance with the International Standards Organization Viscosity Grade (ISO VG). Oxidation stability was evaluated by the rotating bomb oxidation test, ASTM D 2272, while abrasion resistance was evaluated by the shell 4-ball test. Further, flame retardancy was evaluated by the hot manifold test, MIL-F-7100 Fed 6053, in which a sample was dropped on a manifold at a temperature of 374 °C and identified whether to ignite, and by a sprayed fire test, by which a sample is accessed as flame retardant when the sample has an oxygen demand of 50% or higher necessary to catch fire when sprayed.
Table 7 Ingredients Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Dynamic viscosity (ISO VG) 32 32 46 46 68 68 100 Flash point (°C) 250 250 250 260 270 270 300 Pour point (°C) -30.0 -30.0 -25.0 -25.0 -25.0 -25.0 -20.0 Oxidation stability (RBOT, min) 500 400 400 500 350 400 500 Abrasion resistance (Scar ϕ mm) 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.35 Flame retardancy Hot Manifold test Extinguished immediately after ignition Sprayed fire test Oxygen demand: 50 - 55 % Table 8 Test categories Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14 Dynamic viscosity (ISO VG) 46 46 68 68 68 100 100 Flash point (°C) 250 260 250 270 270 280 280 Pour point (°C) -25.0 -25.0 -25.0 -25.0 -25.0 -20.0 -20.0 Oxidation stability (RBOT, min) 400 400 400 500 600 500 500 Abrasion resistance (Scar ϕ mm) 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.30 Flame retardancy Hot Manifold test Extinguished immediately after ignition Sprayed fire test Oxygen demand: 50 ∼ 55 % - When a hydraulic oil is subjected to the rotating bomb oxidation test, discoloration and a large amount of precipitate generally occur, and such a precipitate is identified to cause various faults when equipment operates.
-
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating occurrences of sludge in examples of the present invention and comparative examples after an oxidation stability test. - Referring to
FIG. 1 , the flame-retardant hydraulic oils according to the examples of the present invention involve less discoloration and generate a small amount of sludge after being tested over a long period of time when compared to a petroleum hydraulic oil and a synthetic hydraulic oil. - Although a few embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Instead, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
- A flame-retardant hydraulic oil prepared by mixing 25 to 97 % by weight (wt%) of a petroleum lubricating base oil; 1 to 20 wt% of a phosphorus or halogen flame-retardant additive, 1 to 35 wt% of an ester compound, and 0.05 to 20 wt% of at least one performance enhancer selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant, an anti-load and anti-abrasive additive, a viscosity enhancer, an anticorrosive agent and an antifoaming agent.
- The flame-retardant hydraulic oil of claim 1, wherein the petroleum lubricating base oil has a dynamic viscosity of 5 to 1000 millimeters squared/second (mm2/sec) at 40 °C and has a paraffin content of 50 to 90 wt%.
- The flame-retardant hydraulic oil of claim 1, wherein the phosphorus or halogen flame-retardant additive comprises a phosphorus and halogen-introduced aryl or allyl group.
- The flame-retardant hydraulic oil of claim 1, wherein the phosphorus or halogen flame-retardant additive comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of tricresyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(β-chloropropyl) phosphate, tris(dichloropropyl) phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate and tributoxyethyl phosphate.
- The flame-retardant hydraulic oil of claim 1, wherein the ester compound comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by Formulas 1 to 3:
- The flame-retardant hydraulic oil of claim 1, wherein the ester compound comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of adipates, azelates, sebacates and phthalates.
- The flame-retardant hydraulic oil of claim 1, wherein the anti-load and anti-abrasive additive comprises an amine salt compound of phosphate ester represented by Formula 4:
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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KR1020100038955A KR101147381B1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2010-04-27 | Flame retardant hydraulic oil composition |
PCT/KR2010/003368 WO2011136429A1 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2010-05-27 | Fire-resistant hydraulic oil |
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EP2565257A4 EP2565257A4 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
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KR (1) | KR101147381B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011136429A1 (en) |
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RU2547729C2 (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2015-04-10 | Дмитрий Сергеевич Колыбельский | Explosion- and fire-safe working fluid |
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US11649414B2 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2023-05-16 | Hanval Inc. | Synthetic vegetable oil and environmental-friendly flame-retardant hydraulic oil composition including the same, and preparation method thereof |
KR102156065B1 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2020-09-15 | 주식회사 한국발보린 | Method for non-catalytically preparing of glycerin esters and hydraulic oil compositions without washing process |
KR102217102B1 (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-02-23 | 주식회사 한국발보린 | Glycerin esters and environmental-friendly hydraulic oil compositions comprising same |
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KR100364853B1 (en) | 2000-11-06 | 2002-12-16 | 주식회사 한국하우톤 | Hydraulie fluid composition including compound of ester and mineral oil |
KR20070087870A (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-08-29 | 주식회사 한국하우톤 | Pro-circumstantial lubricatig oil |
KR20080020442A (en) * | 2006-08-30 | 2008-03-05 | 주식회사 한국하우톤 | Industrial incombustable press oil using vegitable oil, polyol ester and/or mineral oil |
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2010
- 2010-04-27 KR KR1020100038955A patent/KR101147381B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-05-27 WO PCT/KR2010/003368 patent/WO2011136429A1/en active Application Filing
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EP0237804A2 (en) * | 1986-02-19 | 1987-09-23 | Nippon Oil Co. Ltd. | Oil composition for manual transmission |
JPH11269480A (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 1999-10-05 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Flare-retardant hydraulic oil |
US20070027042A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-01 | Yasuyoshi Suzuki | Gear oil composition |
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RU2547729C2 (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2015-04-10 | Дмитрий Сергеевич Колыбельский | Explosion- and fire-safe working fluid |
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KR101147381B1 (en) | 2012-05-22 |
KR20110119322A (en) | 2011-11-02 |
WO2011136429A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
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