EP2561520A1 - Induktives bauelement mit variablen kerneigenschaften und verfahren zu deren einstellung - Google Patents
Induktives bauelement mit variablen kerneigenschaften und verfahren zu deren einstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2561520A1 EP2561520A1 EP11718285A EP11718285A EP2561520A1 EP 2561520 A1 EP2561520 A1 EP 2561520A1 EP 11718285 A EP11718285 A EP 11718285A EP 11718285 A EP11718285 A EP 11718285A EP 2561520 A1 EP2561520 A1 EP 2561520A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- core
- inductive component
- core part
- winding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
- H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/02—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions for non-linear operation
- H01F38/023—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions for non-linear operation of inductances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
- H01F2003/103—Magnetic circuits with permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
- H01F2003/106—Magnetic circuits using combinations of different magnetic materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to inductive components used in electronic and electrical assemblies in which power flows in the range of a few hundred watts to several or many kilowatts have to be processed, generally caching energy in the form of magnetic energy in inductive components he follows.
- inductive components such as a storage inductor
- the inductive components for the required size of the magnetic energy to be stored are designed appropriately, which is accomplished by selecting a suitable magnetic core material and its size.
- the entire geometry of the inductive component is essential in order to minimize leakage losses and also to meet the thermal and electrical properties, such as in terms of heat dissipation, electrical creepage distances, etc.
- the weight of the products plays a major role, such as in automotive applications, since with lower weight, a lower consumption can be achieved.
- relatively high switching frequencies are typically used, for example, up to 100 kilohertz or more for powers in the range of a few kilowatts, so that a total compact volume of a corresponding electronic assembly is achieved, in particular the inductive components have a large volume of construction compared to other electronic components.
- the inductive components corresponding electronic components represent essential components that determine efficiency and cost, it is important to make the functional behavior of the inductive components, such as storage chokes, and the like, so that for a required maximum power high efficiency even at significantly lower input power , about one-tenth of the maximum power or less, achieving an overall compact design and good thermal performance for the maximum power range.
- the present invention provides inductive components, such as storage chokes, and methods for adjusting the magnetic properties of these inductors, wherein "variability" of the magnetic properties is provided so as to increase the efficiency in operation of the inductor achieved in the respective service areas.
- variability of the core characteristics of the core can be specified such that a smaller inductance results in a higher inductance of the component, which results in a higher overall efficiency of a corresponding electronic subassembly.
- the clock frequency can be reduced accordingly, so that overall in the smaller power range lower switching losses and Ummagnetmaschineshnee contribute to higher efficiency.
- a desired adaptation of the magnetic properties can be effected, for example, by a suitable design of the magnetic permeability over the magnetic effective cross section of the core material at least in some core regions, so that different effective magnetic conductivities are effective at different magnetic field strengths and thus load currents Behavior revealed.
- This variability of the core behavior in the operation of the inductive component can be, for example, by the use of different magnetic core materials, by appropriately designed air gaps, by a suitable permanent bias or in a very dynamic manner by temporarily penetrating different materials into a core region or by a combination of any of these Possibilities are accomplished.
- an inductive component having a winding and a magnetic core, which has a first core part and a second core part.
- the first core part encloses at least a part of the outside of the winding and is constructed of a first magnetic material type, while the second core part is enclosed by the winding at least along a part of its magnetic longitudinal direction and at least in the part enclosed by the winding of one or more second constructed of magnetic material types, which differ from the first magnetic material type.
- the second core member may be provided as a center leg or "center wear" of the magnetic core, wherein the first core member more or less encloses the inductor winding, thereby providing a very compact design with low EMI and good thermal properties becomes.
- the first magnetic material species has a smaller magnetic permeability compared to the one or more second magnetic material species. That is, in this embodiment, the magnetic conductivity of the first core member is lower, so that a corresponding larger volume, such as more or less complete enclosure of the winding, can be provided, but without the magnetic behavior at small magnetic field strengths and thus load currents unfavorable to influence.
- the higher magnetic resistance of the first core part can then be effective at higher magnetic field strengths, so that saturation of the second core part with the higher magnetic conductivity is effectively suppressed.
- the magnetic material of the first core member is provided in the form of a ferrite material, which is generally more permeable than other low permeability materials, such as iron powder, nickel / iron powder composite materials, carbonylus materials, or other alloys, for example, under Use of cobalt, and the like.
- ferrite materials have desirable properties, such as thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, so that the first core member can be used as an efficient heat conductor for dissipating heat loss of the inductor to the outside.
- the winding is arranged as close as possible to the ferrite material or brought into mechanical contact with it when relatively small voltages, for example less than about 500 volts, and the like occur during operation of the inductive component.
- At least one of the one or more second magnetic material types comprises a permanently magnetized material.
- a permanently magnetized material a desired type of bias can be achieved, whereby a higher magnetization of the core material is achieved, for example, in applications in which a direct current of predetermined polarity with superimposed alternating current component, since a larger hub for the permissible magnetic induction of the core material in this mode of operation due to the bias is available.
- the permanently magnetized material may be introduced at any suitable position within the second core member, such as at a position external to the coil, to reduce corresponding magnetic losses in the permanently magnetized material.
- the permanently magnetized material is distributed over an extended area of the second core portion, which also reduces losses incurred.
- the permanently magnetized material is enclosed perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the second core part by a material which is not permanently magnetized.
- a bore can be provided in the second core part, in which the permanently magnetized material is introduced in the form of a permanent magnet. Therefore, in some embodiments, a particular efficient manner of fabrication results because, for example, the second core member can be made together with the first core member during a common manufacturing operation, for example, pressed, and then the permanent magnet is inserted as a second magnetic material into a suitable bore.
- the desired magnetic behavior of the core can be suitably adjusted by the type of permanently magnetized material, by its effective cross section in cooperation with the entire effective cross section of the second core part and in conjunction with the first core part, wherein, as explained above, also a suitable bias is achieved.
- the second core part has an end face and is placed with this end face on the first core part.
- the first core part and the second core part can be manufactured as separate components, so that two different materials can be used efficiently without requiring a complicated manufacturing process.
- the separately fabricated second core part also results in a very efficient assembly of the inductive component, for example because the winding can be arranged more efficiently with respect to the first core part, even in the presence of certain manufacturing tolerances for the winding, so that a desired minimum distance of the winding from the first Core part or a direct mechanical contact at least with some surface areas of first core part is possible.
- the second core part can then be easily inserted into the winding and placed on the first core part.
- the mechanical fixation can then be done by means of potting compound and the like.
- the magnetic permeability varies in a cross section perpendicular to the magnetic longitudinal direction of the core.
- the variable "series resistance" of the magnetic core i. the first core part and the second core part, which are made of different materials, provided a further variability perpendicular to the magnetic propagation direction. This can be done, for example, as stated above with respect to the permanently magnetized material, by providing magnetic properties which vary in cross section over at least a partial length of the second core part.
- the second core part is manufactured separately, there is a high degree of flexibility in the integration of various core materials in a variable manner perpendicular to the magnetic longitudinal direction.
- suitable cavities or recesses may be provided, which are subsequently filled with a suitable material or with a plurality of materials.
- a plurality of discrete portions of the second core portion may be provided, which are then interconnected by other pieces of material, these pieces of material, in conjunction with a suitable shape of the end faces of the respective core portions, leading to the desired variable critical permeability in the radial direction.
- the sections of material disposed between the individual core sections may be considered as "air gaps" containing, for example, a material with lower magnetic permeability or with a diamagnetic behavior and the like. In this way, the mechanical stability of the second core part is ensured and it is also possible to set a desired thermal behavior in addition to the suitable magnetic behavior.
- only a single "air gap" is provided by about at least one of the end faces of the second core part is formed so that adjusts a variable gap width in the radial direction.
- the inductive component represents a storage choke, which can thus be designed for a desired maximum power and also shows a very efficient behavior with corresponding powers from zero to the desired maximum power. That is, with the above-mentioned technical measures, storage chokes with a construction volume of a few 10 cubic centimeters for a maximum power of a few hundred watts and more can be made up to arbitrarily larger construction volumes for powers of a few kilowatts and significantly higher, with frequencies for clocked circuit components in the range of a few hundred hertz to about one megahertz or more are applicable.
- an inductive device having a winding and a magnetic core partially enclosed by the winding.
- the magnetic core has a magnetic permeability that varies perpendicular to the magnetic longitudinal direction.
- the inductive component according to the invention thus has a locally different magnetic resistance, i. the magnetic permeability varies in a cross-sectional area which is perpendicular to the magnetic field propagation, so that a corresponding overall behavior of the component results depending on the magnetic field generated during operation and the induced induction in the core material. For example, at low currents and thus at small magnetic fields, a region within the cross section of the core is effective, which has the higher magnetic permeability, so that a desired higher inductance for the inductive component results in this operating region.
- the profile of the inductance of the device as a function of the load current can be adjusted so that even at lower power levels due to the larger inductance can achieve an overall higher efficiency.
- the core has at least one core part in which magnetic materials with different magnetic permeability are provided.
- corresponding areas for example in the form of recesses, bores and the like, can be provided in a suitable core material, which are then filled with one or more different materials in order to produce the permeability of the core that varies in the lateral direction.
- the core has one or more gaps with variable gap width.
- the one or more gaps may be provided as "air gaps", ie, they may be filled with material having a very low relative permeability, or one or more of these gaps may be filled with low permeability material to thereby vary in the radial direction set magnetic resistance in the desired shape.
- a core center part enclosed by the winding is provided with an end face which is placed on a second core part of the magnetic core.
- the central core part and the second core part can thus be produced as separate components, which results in the possibility, for example, of efficiently introducing suitable materials into the central core part in such a way that the desired variability of the magnetic permeability is achieved.
- measures may be provided, as also described above.
- the core part has a cavity which can be filled with material for adjusting the magnetic properties.
- material for adjusting the magnetic properties for example, suitable materials in powder form, as curable materials of suitable initial viscosity, and the like can be filled into the cavity, such as in the production of a separate core part, so that realize a variety of different magnetic properties of the core for an otherwise predetermined configuration of the core to let.
- the core is designed so that the filling of a desired material into the cavity can also take place after the assembly of the inductive component.
- suitable "connection areas" are provided, so that after assembly, for example after the casting of the individual component components, and the like, a further adaptation of the magnetic properties can take place.
- a suitable adaptation to an electronic module can be realized during any phase after the actual production of the inductive component, wherein in some embodiments, a corresponding adjustment can also take place within the electronic circuit, so that even a "dynamic" adaptation of the magnetic Properties is possible.
- the degree of dynamics for the adjustability of the magnetic properties depends on the given circuit periphery. For example, an initially desired lower inductance may be appropriately increased in the circuit by introducing a suitable magnetic material into the cavity. When providing a plurality of cavities and a stepwise adjustment of the inductance over time can be done. As stated in the introduction, there are many applications in which a change in the energy flows to be processed occurs over time, so that an appropriate adaptation may allow even higher efficiency for the future operation of the electronic component.
- inverters for solar systems it may be advantageous to initially design the inductance to a higher maximum power and, once the aging begins, the inductance to a higher one or more times To set value, so as to take into account the decreasing maximum power of the solar modules.
- the one or more initial cavities are provided in the form of gaps having a nearly identical gap spacing over the entire cross-sectional area so that well-defined and low leakage inductance values are achieved.
- the adaptation of the inductance is then carried out by filling one or more of the cavities by a suitable material, wherein the favorable cross-sectional shape, ie about the constant gap width further contributes to very low leakage inductance values.
- a method for adjusting the inductance of an inductive component includes the step of providing a magnetic core of the inductor and generating a variable magnetic permeability in the magnetic core by providing at least two different magnetic core materials and / or by providing a gap having a varying gap width.
- the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to vary the magnetic permeability, the variability occurring along the magnetic longitudinal direction and / or along the radial direction, that is to say perpendicular to the magnetic longitudinal direction.
- the magnetic permeability is varied dynamically by changing the magnetic properties of at least a portion of the core during or after assembly.
- the provision of at least two different core materials includes placing an end surface of a first core member on a second core member, wherein the first and second core members are constructed of different types of magnetic materials. In this way, a high degree of flexibility can be achieved in the adjustment of the magnetic properties of the core, while still providing a moderately low wall in the production of the individual core parts is obtained.
- a core member may be provided as a desired molding to provide the properties of noise immunity, dissipation heat dissipation, corrosion resistance, and the like, while the second core member may be made of suitable material and optionally is provided with desired additional materials in the form of inserts and the like, wherein the overall simpler configuration of this core part also enables efficient production.
- almost closed cores may be provided in which the components for the "outer shell" are made of, for example, ferrite material, so that high corrosion resistance is achieved in addition to the aforementioned favorable magnetic shielding effects and good thermal conductivity, while an internal Core part is made of suitable iron materials, alloys, and the like, which would usually require a special corrosion protection when exposed to certain environmental conditions.
- FIG. 1 a and 1 b show schematically cross-sectional views of an inductive component during different assembly phases, wherein a central core part is provided as a separate component, which is constructed of a different magnetic material compared to other core parts,
- FIGS. 1a and 1b schematically represent cross-sectional views of various core middle limbs or "middle jaws" of an inductive component of FIGS. 1a and 1b, wherein additional measures are taken to adjust the overall properties of the inductive component
- 1 i and 1j is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of an inductive component in
- 1 k schematically shows a cross-sectional view of a part of a magnetic core in which a material is introduced in a middle limb, for instance in the form of a permanent magnet, and the like, in order to set the desired magnetic properties
- Fig. 11 schematically, e.g. a current waveform of a storage choke or the magnetic
- Fig. 1 m and 1 n show a cross-sectional view and a plan view of a core part, wherein a
- Cavity is provided, which can be filled with material during a suitable phase during assembly or after assembly for setting the desired magnetic properties
- Fig. 2a shows schematically a cross section of an inductive component, wherein in a
- Core area one or more air gaps are provided with variable gap width, and
- Fig. 2b and 2c show schematically the course of the inductance as a function of the current for different variants with chamfered distributed air gap.
- FIG. 1a schematically shows an inductive component 100 which is provided, for example, in the form of a storage choke.
- the device 100 has in the assembly phase shown a winding 1 10, which is constructed according to the desired electrical and magnetic properties.
- the winding 110 represents the winding of a storage choke designed for relatively high currents, so that a moderately large copper cross-section of the winding 110 is provided with a relatively small number of individual windings.
- the winding 1 10 is formed in the form of a cantilevered winding, so that can be dispensed with about a bobbin. In this way, the number of required individual components of the device 100 can be reduced, wherein at the same time, if appropriate, can improve the electrical and thermal properties.
- the winding 110 is arranged in a core part 140 of a magnetic core 120 of the component 100, wherein this can be accomplished during assembly so that optionally one or more outer surfaces, such as an outer surface 1 11 of the winding 1 10 in close proximity to an inner surface of the Core part 140 is arranged.
- a conductor piece having a relatively large area 1 1 1 serving as a lead to the turns of the winding 110 may be provided, which is adjacent to or in contact with a complementary surface in the core portion 140, so that when directly Tem contact or even with a corresponding thin Eisenisolier für a good thermal connection of the winding 110 results in the core member 140.
- the core member 140 is constructed of a suitable magnetic material 141, such as a ferrite material, which, given the desired overall shape of the core member 140, provides the desired magnetic permeability and also has the desired magnetic behavior with respect to the required operating frequency range.
- the core part 140 is designed such that the winding 10 is almost completely enclosed, so that the core part 140 also serves as a "housing" for accommodating the winding 110. With this measure it is possible not only to achieve the desired magnetic properties To also minimize magnetic interference outside the device 100.
- the outer surface of the core part 140 serves as an efficient cooling surface, with further passive and non-conductive features as needed
- the outer surface of the core member 140 may be appropriately patterned as needed so that the resulting increased surface area allows for improved heat dissipation surface of the device 100 in the form of a ferrite may not require further measures in terms of corrosion resistance, even if the device 100 is used in electronic assemblies that are exposed to demanding environmental conditions, such as in the form of assemblies that are used outdoors. For example, many inverters are built for photovoltaic systems for outdoor use, so that a sufficient corrosion protection of appropriate inductive components must be guaranteed.
- a further core part 130 is provided, which is constructed of a desired magnetic material 131, which differs from the material 141.
- the core portion 130 or at least a portion thereof, may be constructed of a low permeability material, such as iron powder, an iron / nickel alloy, or other suitable materials that can thus be efficiently integrated into the core 120 to provide a desired match of overall core properties.
- a low permeability material such as iron powder, an iron / nickel alloy, or other suitable materials that can thus be efficiently integrated into the core 120 to provide a desired match of overall core properties.
- reliable corrosion protection is still provided because the core part 140 together with another core part, which is described below with reference to Fig. 1 b, serves as an efficient housing.
- the core parts 140 and 130 can therefore be efficiently manufactured by any suitable method, for example, be pressed, and be subsequently assembled during assembly, wherein the winding 110 can be arranged with better thermal contact with the core part 140, even if certain manufacturing tolerances occur, since the core part 130 is to be introduced into the winding 110 only subsequently or is introduced together with the winding.
- different versions of the core part 130 can be provided, as also shown below, so that various separate characteristics are available for a basic configuration of the inductive component 100, without the production of the other component components, such as the winding 110, of the core part 10, and other core parts, thereby being influenced. In this way, a high degree of flexibility results in the adaptation of the component 100 to various circuit topographies without, for example, changing the external dimensions of the device 100.
- the core part 130 is then inserted into the winding 110 and thus placed with an end face 130s on a corresponding surface 140s of the core part 140.
- the two surfaces 130s and 140s are in mechanical contact, so that an efficient magnetic coupling of the parts 130 and 140 is achieved.
- the core portion 130 is not necessarily constructed entirely of the same material, but other materials may be provided locally to provide, for example, an "air gap" and / or to set certain magnetic properties, such as biasing. and the like, as explained below.
- Fig. 1b schematically shows the inductive component 100 in a more advanced phase of the assembly process.
- the core member 130 is inserted into the coil 1 10 and rests on the core member 140, so that in the illustrated embodiment, a portion of the core member 130, designated as 132, in a longitudinal direction L, also referred to as the magnetic longitudinal direction is surrounded by the winding 1 10.
- a core part 150 is provided which serves approximately as a cover for the core part 140 and thus completes the magnetic circuit of the core 120.
- an air gap 101 may be provided between the core member 130 and the core member 150 by making a dimension of the core member 130 smaller along the magnetic longitudinal direction L than a corresponding dimension of the core member 140.
- terminal portions 12 and 12 are 113 of the winding 1 10 led out "laterally", ie they are led out through recesses in the core part 140, wherein in other embodiments, one or both terminal portions 112, 113 may be led out through the core part 150.
- a potting material in Inside of the volume defined by the core parts 140 and 150, which is used for the mechanical fixing of the individual components. th of the device 100 and for integrity in terms of chemical and other influences.
- FIG. 1c schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of the core member 130 according to an embodiment in which a plurality of gaps 132a, 132b are provided to define the magnetic properties of the core member 130 and thus the entire core 120 shown in FIG. 1b.
- both the gap 132a and the gap 132b have a constant gap width, which may be different for the gaps 132a, 132b as needed.
- the gaps 132a, 132b are filled with a suitable material, such as a low permeability material, a material that is substantially non-magnetic, but has, for example, a high thermal conductivity, and the like.
- individual sections of the core part 130 may be provided in the form of material pieces of the material 131 which are mechanically connected to respective pieces of material corresponding to the gaps 132a, 132b.
- the individual components of the core part 130 can be used during assembly in the core part 140 of Fig. 1 a and are then mechanically fixed accordingly during the pouring.
- core member 130 can be manufactured independently of other core members, there is a high degree of flexibility in selecting suitable materials and in the geometric configuration of gaps 132a, 132b. If appropriate biasing is desired, one of the gaps 132a, 132b or both gaps may be filled with a permanently magnetized material.
- the core member 130 thus has a substantially non-varying magnetic permeability perpendicular to the magnetic longitudinal direction L, since both the geometrical dimensions of the gaps 132a, 132b and their respective materials are uniform across the cross-section are.
- Fig. 1d shows a similar arrangement of the middle limb 130, with the "slits" 132A, 132B realized at the respective end regions of the leg 30.
- the slits 132A, 132B are both geometrically and similar in material, so that the behavior results, as it has also been previously described with reference to Fig. 1 a.
- FIG. 1e schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of the core member 130 according to an embodiment in which an air gap 132 is provided having a varying gap width in a transverse direction Q, as indicated by A and B. That is, in the illustrated embodiment, at least one end face 132s is provided as an oblique surface, so that upon subsequent assembly in cooperation with another core member, such as the core member 150 of FIG. 1b, the air gap 132 with the variable gap side is formed.
- the magnetic permeability ie the magnetic conductivity for the given magnetic Lengthwise L across the cross-section Q variable, since due to the smaller gap width A, a much lower magnetic resistance is caused than by the gap width B.
- variable gap width can be produced by any configuration of the end face 132s if it has a conical shape, and the like. It should also be noted that, if necessary, a suitable piece of material may be provided to fill the gap 132 accordingly.
- Fig. 1f schematically shows such an embodiment in which approximately both end portions of the leg lead to a variable gap width which is largest at the edges and minimum in the middle.
- this configuration is shown as a truncated cone-like arrangement.
- Fig. 1g shows schematically the core part 130 in an embodiment in which a plurality of gaps
- 132a, 132c are provided, wherein one or more of the gaps 132a, ..., 132c a in
- Transverse direction Q have variable gap width. In this way, for example, an efficient distribution of an air gap within the core part 130 can take place, whereby also a desired lateral change of the magnetic permeability reaches, if for instance all gaps
- 132a 132c have a varying gap width.
- the gaps 132a, ..., 132c are filled with any suitable material having the required magnetic, thermal and mechanical properties. If necessary, different materials may be used so that a high degree of flexibility is achieved in the adjustment and adjustment of the desired final magnetic properties of the inductive component. In this case as well, the separate production of the core part 130 does not require any elaborate production methods, yet a large number of different parts 130 can be provided, so that also many different versions of the complete inductive component based on the same base components without high Production costs can be produced.
- Fig. 1 h shows schematically further embodiments of the leg 130, wherein a mixture of different gap shapes is applied. That is, different gap geometries can be used in combination with identical or different filling materials in order to set the desired core properties efficiently.
- the gap 132b is provided as a truncated cone, wherein a "Füllmateria is provided at the truncated cone center, which is different from the material 131.
- a uniform gap 132a provided with a suitable material, so for example, the global magnetic resistance is dictated by the gaps 132b and 132a and the materials used therein, while achieving a desired modulation across the cross-section through the cone shape of the gap 132b.
- Other gaps 132c of suitable shape may also be provided so that flexibility in adjusting the overall magnetic properties may be further enhanced.
- FIG. 1 i schematically shows a top view of the inductive component 100 according to a further embodiment, in which the core 120 has a core part 140 a enclosing the winding 10 in conjunction with a separate core part 130 a.
- the same criteria apply as previously explained with reference to the core parts 140 and 130.
- dimensions b, b2 of about 80 and 73 cm are used by way of example, while the winding 110 is designed for currents up to 150 amperes as a self-supporting coil.
- Corresponding dimensions of the winding 110 of the core part 130a are provided as d1 at 6.6 cm and d2 at 4.3 cm. However, these values are only exemplary values and can be adapted to other specifications at any time.
- FIG. 1j schematically shows the component 100 in a cross-sectional view, wherein the core 20 has a further core part 140b, which completely encloses the winding 110 with the exception of the connection regions 112, 11 with the core part 140a, wherein in the core part 140b another separate core part 130b is used. That is, instead of a "housing” and a "lid", as shown in Fig.
- both the core portion 140a and the core portion 140b are formed as a "housing" in the illustrated embodiment
- the middle leg of the core 120 is provided in the form of the two core parts 130a, 130b, in other versions also a single separate core part is used
- Columns 132a, 132b which contain a permanently excited magnetic material, for example, so that a desired biasing of the core 120 is achieved
- the two gaps 132a, 132b lie outside the winding 110, so that corresponding losses in and through the magnet remain low ,
- 1f and 1g goes for the inductor 100 in FIGS.
- a component volume of about 100 cm 3 wherein a maximum current of 150 amps is used as a basis.
- a number of turns of 1 1 results in a magnetic In production of about 600 mT, while the maximum field strength reaches 6000 amperes per meter.
- the materials of the core 130 are selected so that an inductance of about 65 ⁇ sets at the maximum current.
- FIG. 1 k schematically illustrates the inductor 100 according to further illustrative embodiments, wherein the core 120 includes the core portions 140 and 150 to enclose the coil 110.
- the central core part 130 is provided, which in one embodiment is designed as a separate and thus attached core part, as described above, while in other embodiments the core part 130, i. H. Areas 131 thereof, constitute a part of the core part 140 and are thus constructed of the same material.
- a material 135 is provided in the core part 130 serving as a magnetic core material and whose magnetic properties are different from those of the material 131.
- the material 135 represents a permanent magnet, i. H. a permanent magnetic material, and thus to achieve a bias in the core 130.
- the inclusion of the material 35 in the material 131 of the core part 130 results in an efficient possibility of adjusting the overall properties of the core 120 by also selecting its dimension within the core part 130 in addition to the type of material.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows a current profile or the course of the field strength in the inductive component 100 when a clocked operation is present, wherein a DC component or a DC component of the magnetic field always has the same polarity or direction. Due to this DC magnetization, designated HO, the overlying AC component, i. H. the rising and falling edges of the current or the magnetic field so limited that the permissible magnetic induction in the core material is not exceeded. Therefore, with a high DC component occurring, only a small stroke results when passing through the respective hysteresis curve of the core material.
- a corresponding biasing as shown for example in the embodiments in Fig. 1g and in Fig.
- 1 h in the form of permanent magnets can be with appropriate adjustment of the magnetic field direction of the permanent magnets, such as the column 132a, 132b in Fig. 1g or the material 135 in Figure 1k, achieve a reduction in the DC component or even a "pole reversal" of the HO component, so that a much larger range is available for the magnetization of the core by the AC component.
- FIG. 1 m schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of the core member 130 according to embodiments in which a cavity 136 is provided in the material 131 that is configured to collapse with a desired material at least partially during any assembly phase or can be refilled during operation.
- a connection region 136a, 136b is provided, via which a material 137, for example in the form of a powder, a viscous material, and the like can be supplied.
- the connection regions 136a, 136b are designed such that a coupling to a supply line can take place at least during assembly, so that the material 137 can be introduced into the cavity 136.
- appropriate projections may optionally be provided with corresponding lead pieces, which are still accessible during the desired assembly phase or continue to be accessible even after final assembly.
- connection regions 136a, 136b are designed to receive the material 137 in a controllable manner and possibly to lead it out.
- the cavity 136 in the region of the material 131 can be provided as a gap with a constant gap width, with a change in the total permeability of the magnetic core by introducing the material 137 in the desired manner.
- fine tuning of the magnetic properties by introducing material 137 may be accomplished after final assembly.
- the cavity 136 may also be accessible in the installed state, so that a "dynamic" adaptation of the magnetic properties can be achieved If, for example, a lower inductance is required in an operating phase of the inductive component, as generally higher load currents are to be expected can be carried out by removing material 137 from the cavity 136, which is contained there approximately in the form of powder material by introducing under suitable pressure, so that there is a reduction of the inductance.On the other hand, if a higher inductance is required, then material 137 The components required for this, for example a material reservoir in conjunction with a suitable supply, can be provided, for example, in the context of conventional electromechanical components, as are also required for forced cooling and the like ss too much effort arises.
- Mechanisms may also be provided in which the material 137 may be introduced only once, which may be done in the installed state using external or internal control pulses.
- a plurality of cavities 136 may be provided which controllably be selectively sensed with the material 137, so that a stepwise increase in the inductance is achieved.
- a suitable material can be selectively introduced into one of the cavities 136 by activation of a corresponding electromechanical component and optionally treated, so that the desired mechanical stability of the material 137 in the cavity 136 is achieved.
- temporarily higher temperatures may be generated for this purpose, and the like.
- the inductance of the "aging" of solar modules can be adjusted, so that first the electronic assembly is optimized for the initial maximum power and controlled in the chronological order of the corresponding state of the solar modules is adjusted.
- the dynamic behavior in the adaptation of the inductance can be correspondingly improved, for example, by efficiently supplying the material 137 and also removing it efficiently, the respective setting time being in the region of a few seconds or significantly can lie underneath.
- a suitable controller can set the inductance in the desired manner "dynamically", so that always a favorable for the respective operating mode efficiency is achieved.
- FIG. 2a shows schematically a cross-sectional view of an inductor 200 having a winding 210 and a core 220.
- the core 220 has a core portion 230 in which a plurality of air gaps 232a, 232e are provided which distribute the reduced magnetic permeability throughout the portions provide magnetic longitudinal L away. Further, at least some of the gaps 232a, ..., 232e have a gap width varying along the transverse direction Q, as indicated by a and b. In this way, a magnetic permeability of the core 220 varying in the transverse direction Q is generated, which in turn leads to different inductance values as a function of the magnetic field or of the load current.
- the permeability of the core 220 is essentially determined by the lower magnetic resistance achieved by a smaller gap width a, so that overall the effective inductance of the device 200 is relatively high.
- the higher magnetic resistance caused by the increasing gap width b becomes increasingly effective, so that then results in a reduced inductance.
- the material of the core part 230 is substantially equal to the remaining components of the core 220, which can be accomplished by making corresponding sections and arranging corresponding insert elements.
- the part 230 may also be based on a other magnetic material, as also previously explained with reference to the device 100.
- Fig. 2b shows schematically the course of the inductance as a function of the load current for a coil, which is operated up to several 100 watts. As shown, for a maximum load current of about 16 amps, an inductance of about 0.35 mH results, with the inductance then increasing nearly linearly with decreasing load current and decreasing at a load current of about 6 amps.
- Fig. 2c shows schematically the corresponding dependence of the inductance of the load current for a further embodiment, wherein the ratio of the inductors is less pronounced at very low load current and at very high load current, however, for a total larger maximum load current, a higher inductance is achieved.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE201010015410 DE102010015410A1 (de) | 2010-04-19 | 2010-04-19 | Induktives Bauelement mit variablen Kerneigenschaften und Verfahren zu deren Einstellung |
PCT/EP2011/001980 WO2011131341A1 (de) | 2010-04-19 | 2011-04-19 | Induktives bauelement mit variablen kerneigenschaften und verfahren zu deren einstellung |
Publications (2)
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EP2561520A1 true EP2561520A1 (de) | 2013-02-27 |
EP2561520B1 EP2561520B1 (de) | 2014-11-19 |
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EP11718285.7A Not-in-force EP2561520B1 (de) | 2010-04-19 | 2011-04-19 | Induktives bauelement mit variablen kerneigenschaften und verfahren zu deren einstellung |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP2561520B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102010015410A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2011131341A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9019062B2 (en) † | 2010-12-08 | 2015-04-28 | Epcos Ag | Inductive device with improved core properties |
DE102013208058B4 (de) * | 2013-05-02 | 2015-09-10 | Sts Spezial-Transformatoren-Stockach Gmbh & Co. Kg | Magnetisch vorgespannte Drossel |
EP2816572A1 (de) * | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-24 | ABB Research Ltd. | Induktor |
EP3961660A1 (de) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Induktives bauelement für einen wechselrichter und wechselrichter |
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JPS5970160A (ja) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-04-20 | Toshiba Corp | 突極回転電機の界磁極 |
CH678773A5 (de) * | 1988-02-11 | 1991-10-31 | Susanne Riedi Joks | |
DE10128527A1 (de) * | 2001-06-13 | 2002-12-19 | Lite On Electronics Inc | Induktor mit einer Vielzahl von Luftspalten |
DE10259117A1 (de) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-01 | Technische Universität Ilmenau Abteilung Forschungsförderung und Technologietransfer | Magnetisch kompensiertes induktives Bauelement |
JP2005260130A (ja) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-22 | Sumida Corporation | コア |
US6980077B1 (en) * | 2004-08-19 | 2005-12-27 | Coldwatt, Inc. | Composite magnetic core for switch-mode power converters |
JP4856890B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-28 | 2012-01-18 | スミダコーポレーション株式会社 | チョークコイル |
JP2007088340A (ja) * | 2005-09-26 | 2007-04-05 | Sumida Corporation | チョークコイル |
US20080074230A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Ford Motor Company | Variable permeability inductor cre structures |
-
2010
- 2010-04-19 DE DE201010015410 patent/DE102010015410A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-04-19 EP EP11718285.7A patent/EP2561520B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-04-19 WO PCT/EP2011/001980 patent/WO2011131341A1/de active Application Filing
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See references of WO2011131341A1 * |
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EP2561520B1 (de) | 2014-11-19 |
WO2011131341A1 (de) | 2011-10-27 |
DE102010015410A1 (de) | 2011-10-20 |
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