EP2559040B1 - Electrical switching device having an ultrafast actuation mechanism and hybrid switch comprising such a device - Google Patents

Electrical switching device having an ultrafast actuation mechanism and hybrid switch comprising such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2559040B1
EP2559040B1 EP10721182.3A EP10721182A EP2559040B1 EP 2559040 B1 EP2559040 B1 EP 2559040B1 EP 10721182 A EP10721182 A EP 10721182A EP 2559040 B1 EP2559040 B1 EP 2559040B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
mobile
magnetic
switching device
intended
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EP10721182.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2559040A1 (en
Inventor
Julien Bach
Cédric BRICQUET
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2559040A1 publication Critical patent/EP2559040A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switching device with ultra-fast actuating mechanism for opening electrical contacts.
  • the mechanism includes an electrodynamic actuator having a propulsion coil associated with a conductive disk.
  • a fixed contact cooperates in the closed position with a movable contact, said electrical contacts being brought into the open position by repulsion of the conductive disk during the supply of the propulsion coil.
  • a return device is provided for generating a closing force to hold said electrical contacts in the closed position.
  • Means for engaging the movable contact in the open position comprise a magnetic yoke having an attraction coil for providing a pulling force of a magnetic moving armature. Said armature is intended to be driven in displacement by the movable contact to be in contact with the fixed magnetic yoke.
  • the invention also relates to a hybrid switch having in parallel a mechanical opening means and an electrical opening means.
  • the switching device comprises a contactor unit 20 having a fixed contact 21 cooperating with a movable contact 22 carried by a contact carrier support 23.
  • the electrical contacts are respectively connected to the electrical terminals of an external electrical circuit to be switched.
  • the command to open and close contacts in other words the movement of the moving contact is actuated by an actuating mechanism.
  • the goal sought by such devices is the opening and closing ultra fast contacts.
  • the electrodynamic actuator 10 comprises a so-called propulsion coil 12 associated with a conductive disk 11. Said disk is arranged in closed position facing and at a short distance from a face of the winding of the propulsion coil 12.
  • the propulsion coil 12 is either fixed relative to the frame 7 of the device, or carried by a wear compensation system 14 of contacts.
  • the compensation system may comprise, for example, a foam, an elastomer or a spring.
  • the switching device comprises a return device 5 of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 in the closed position of said electrical contacts 21, 22, said device generating a closing force F1.
  • the drive coil 12 is traversed by an electric current and generates a magnetic field that produces an electromagnetic repulsion force Fp that pushes the conductive disk 11 in a direction parallel to its axis of revolution Y.
  • the displacement of the disk conductor 11 concomitantly causes the displacement of the contact carrier support 23 and the movable contact 22 and thus the opening of the electrical contacts of the switching device.
  • This type of mechanism is used for its simplicity of implementation as well as for its low cost.
  • Another very effective solution is to place a second coil in place of the conductive disk.
  • the repulsion forces created by the two coils are then used together for ultra-fast displacement of the moving contact via the second voice coil.
  • the two coils are then configured to create opposing electromagnetic repulsion forces.
  • Each coil generates a magnetic field that produces a force of electromagnetic repulsion that tends to repel the other coil.
  • the voice coil Under the combined effect of the two repulsive forces, the voice coil will move slightly less rapidly but has other advantages.
  • the main advantage of this kind of device is that it can create repulsion forces independent of the propulsion current waveform as is the case of a conventional Thomson effect thruster.
  • the currents do not have to be induced by generating an eddy current in a secondary such as a massive disk for the repulsion force to be expressed. All these types of device can be used on an electromechanical breaker with ultra fast opening thus allowing a very strong limitation of the short-circuit currents.
  • the double coil device can be used in asymmetrical form or with coils of various shapes. It can also be complicated in terms of its electronic control. More sophisticated electronics provide access to more advanced features that allow better control of the device. In particular, it is possible to manage the moving travel of the voice coil which can be slowed down or accelerated in one direction or the other.
  • This variation of the slowdowns / accelerations can be obtained either by the control of the repulsion force in view of the return force, or by a combination of this first control with a separate control of the currents when it is a question of a propulsion. with two coils
  • Means for maintaining the open position of the contacts can also be envisaged. These holding or hooking means generate a force holding the contact holder support 23 and the movable contact 22 in an open position of the electrical contacts of the switching device.
  • the attachment means may be of the electromagnetic type as described in a patent of the applicant FR2867304 . As shown on the Figure 2B maintaining the open position of the contacts 21, 22 is obtained by virtue of an additional electromagnetic attraction force.
  • Fastening means 30 of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position then comprise a magnetic mobile armature 31 intended to collaborate by attraction with a magnetic yoke 32 during the excitation of an attraction coil 33.
  • the frame mobile magnetic 31 is mechanically connected to the movable assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22.
  • a rigid and non-deformable rod connects the mobile assembly conductive disk 11 - support door -contact 23 - movable contact 22 to the movable magnetic armature 31. Any displacement of said assembly then concurrently causes the displacement of the magnetic mobile armature 31 and vice versa.
  • These electromagnetic coupling means have the disadvantage of weighing down all the means propelled by the propulsion coil, a weighting of the moving parts against the opening speed.
  • the attachment means can also be mechanical type using for example a lock.
  • the attachment means When the attachment means are mechanical, they may have the disadvantage of generating additional friction.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide a switching device comprising a high-speed actuating mechanism and effective magnetic coupling means.
  • the movable contact of the electrical switching device according to the invention is carried by a contact holder support comprising drive means intended to collaborate, during the movement of the movable contact, with the magnetic moving armature. Contacting said drive means with the magnetic moving armature causes its movement towards the magnetic yoke.
  • the contact carrier is secured to the conductive disk, the drive means of the assembly being positioned on the conductive disk.
  • the drive means are intended to come into contact with the magnetic moving armature to drive it in motion when the distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact is at least greater than 50% of a total distance d opening said contacts.
  • the attachment means comprise holding means intended to hold the movable disk conductive assembly - contact carrier support - movable contact in the open position, the attraction force being applied mobile assembly audit via the holding means.
  • the holding means comprise an ergo which collaborates with a location on the contact-holder support to prohibit a return to the closed position of the movable disk conductive assembly - contact carrier support - moving contact.
  • the attraction force provided by the magnetic yoke attraction coil is of greater intensity than the closing force provided by the return device
  • the magnetic moving armature comprises a magnetic disk intended to be disposed in open position opposite and at a short distance from one face of the attraction coil and in contact with the magnetic yoke.
  • the invention relates to a hybrid cut-off switch comprising in parallel a mechanical opening means and an electrical opening means.
  • the mechanical opening means consists of an electrical switching device as defined above.
  • the electrical switching device 1 with an ultra-fast electric contact opening mechanism 21, 22 comprises an electrodynamic release 10.
  • Said trigger comprises a propulsion coil 12 associated with a conductive disk 11.
  • said conductive disk is arranged in the closed position opposite and at a short distance from a face of the winding of the drive coil 12.
  • the conductive disk 11 is preferably in contact with the face of the winding of the propulsion coil 12.
  • the outer diameter of the conductive disk 11 is at least equal to the outer diameter of the propulsion coil 12.
  • the axes of revolution Y of the drive coil 12 and the conductive disk 11 are merged or aligned.
  • the propulsion coil 12 is connected to the frame 7 via a wear compensation system 14.
  • the wear compensation system 14 keeps the conductive disc 11 propelled, in the closed position, by closer possible to the propulsion coil 12 and whatever the state of wear of the electrical contacts.
  • Said trigger comprises a contactor block 20 having a fixed contact 21 cooperating with a movable contact 22.
  • the movable contact 22 is connected to the conductive disk 11 by means of a contact carrier support 23.
  • any translational movement of the conductive disk 11 along its axis of revolution Y is integrally transmitted to the movable contact 22 which moves along the same axis.
  • Said release comprises a return device 5 for generating a closing force F1 to maintain said electrical contacts 21, 22 in the closed position.
  • the return device 5 preferably comprises a helical spring. As shown on FIGS. 3A to 3C this spring tends to compress at the moment of opening of the electrical contacts 21, 22.
  • the closing force F1 is then a compressive force applying to the mobile assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - contact mobile 22.
  • Said trigger comprises hooking means 30 of the movable contact 22 in the open position.
  • Said hooking means are intended to hold the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 movable contact 22 in an open position of the electrical contacts 21, 22.
  • the means fastening means 30 comprise a fixed magnetic yoke 32 having an attraction coil 33 intended to be electrically powered to provide an electromagnetic attraction force Fa.
  • the attachment means 30 further comprise a magnetic movable armature 31 intended to come into contact with the fixed magnetic yoke 32.
  • the magnetic mobile armature 31 is driven in displacement by the movable contact 22 in movement, the drive of said armature being direct or indirect.
  • the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 is intended to drive in displacement the magnetic mobile armature 31.
  • the magnetic yoke 32 has an annular shape.
  • the attraction coil 33 is positioned inside the open ring.
  • the magnetic mobile armature 31 comprises a magnetic disk intended to come collaborate with the magnetic yoke 32 to close the open ring.
  • the fixed magnetic yoke 32 associated with the magnetic mobile armature 31 thus forms a magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic field lines generated by the attraction coil 33 are looped in the magnetic circuit through the air gaps present at the contact areas between said yoke and said armature.
  • the magnetic attraction force Fa supplied by said attraction coil 33 is intended to maintain the magnetic mobile armature 31 and the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position.
  • the magnetic attraction force Fa provided by the attraction coil 33 of the magnetic yoke 32 opposes the closing force F1 supplied by the return device 5.
  • the gripping force Fa is of intensity greater than a closing force F1 provided by the return device 5 in the closed position.
  • the attachment means 30 comprise holding means 9 intended to hold the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position.
  • the holding means 9 comprise an ergo which collaborates with a location on the contact holder support 23 to prohibit a return to the closed position of said moving assembly
  • the magnetic attraction force Fa supplied is also intended to attract the magnetic mobile armature 31 in position against the magnetic yoke 32.
  • the magnetic attraction force Fa supplied by the attraction coil 33 promotes and the movement of the magnetic mobile armature 31 and can cause its displacement before the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 comes into contact with said armature to cause its displacement.
  • said electrical contacts 21, 22 are brought into the open position by repulsion of the conductive disk 11 during the supply of the propulsion coil 12. Indeed, when the propulsion coil 12 is traversed by an electric current, the latter generates a magnetic field which produces an electromagnetic repulsion force Fp.
  • the electrical pulse is delivered by a particularly pulsed energy source which may consist of a previously charged capacitor.
  • the repulsive force Fp pushes the conductive disc 11 in a direction parallel to its axis of revolution Y.
  • the displacement of the conductive disc 11 concomitantly causes the displacement of the contact carrier support 23 and the movable contact 22. Said moving contact leaves the closing position.
  • the intensity of the repulsive force Fp is much greater than the intensity of the closing force F1 exerted by the resilient means of the return device 5 whatever the position of the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 (Fp »F1).
  • the separation of the electrical contacts 21, 22 is thus operated with a minimum mass to be displaced.
  • the acceleration of the movable assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 is maximum.
  • the displacement of the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 is completely independent of that of the magnetic mobile armature 31. Said assembly performs indeed a free race during which the movable contact 22 moves to the open position.
  • the term "free stroke” is thus understood to mean that the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 moves without causing the displacement of the magnetic mobile armature 31.
  • a second phase of operation begins when the distance between the movable contact 22 and the fixed contact 21 is sufficient. Said displacement of the movable contact 22 is considered sufficient when the distance or the distance between the movable contact 22 and the fixed contact 21 makes it possible to provide an electrical break.
  • the contact carrier support 23 connected to the movable contact 22 comprises drive means which come into contact with the magnetic mobile armature 31 to drive it in displacement.
  • the drive in displacement of the armature mobile magnetic 31 starts when the support carrier 23 has moved so that the distance between the movable contact 22 and the fixed contact 21 is at least greater than 50% of a total distance of opening of the electrical contacts 21, 22.
  • the contact carrier support 23 being integral with the conductive disk 11, the drive means are positioned on the conductive disk 11 to come into direct contact with a surface of the magnetic disk of the magnetic mobile armature 31. Due to the accumulation of kinetic energy of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22, a shock between the drive means and said movable magnetic armature 31 causes the displacement of said armature against the magnetic yoke 32.
  • the respective masses of the mobile assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 and the magnetic moving armature are substantially equal.
  • the electrically energized attraction coil 33 provides an attractive force Fa.
  • the attraction force Fa is applied to the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 via the holding means 9 of the clipping means 30.
  • the positioning of the magnetic movable armature 31 against the magnetic yoke 32 makes it possible to retain the movable assembly of the conductive disk 11 - support contact holder 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position against the closing force F1.
  • the magnetic mobile armature 31 then remains attached to the magnetic yoke 32 and then prevents the return to the closed position of the movable contact 22. As shown in FIG.
  • the holding means 9 secured to the movable magnetic armature 31 hold the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position.
  • the propulsion coil 12 is no longer powered and the propulsion force Fp is then zero.
  • Said electrical contacts 21, 22 are held in the open position by the attachment means 30 exerting an electromagnetic attraction force Fa.
  • Said electromagnetic attraction force Fa is of greater intensity than the closing force F1 exerted by the elastic means of the return device 5 in the closed position (Fa »F1).
  • the attraction coil 33 is no longer powered, the attraction force Fa is then zero.
  • the movable contact 22 can then come into contact with the fixed contact 21 under the effect of the closing force F1.
  • the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 returns to its closed position and the electrical contacts 21, 22 are thus closed again.
  • the switching device regains a stable state of closure.
  • the magnetic mobile armature 31 begins a slow movement during the first phase of operation.
  • the attraction coil 33 of the magnetic yoke 32 is energized and operates an attraction of the magnetic moving armature.
  • This magnetic mobile armature 31 subsequently receives the kinetic energy accumulated by the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 at the moment of impact and continues its stroke until contact with the magnetic yoke 32.
  • the switching device of the invention makes it possible to reduce the mass of the moving elements propelled by the propulsive force. Indeed, at the beginning of the movement of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22, the attachment means 30 not yet secured to said moving assembly do not tend to slow the opening of the mobile contact 22.
  • the invention relates to a hybrid switch.
  • the hybrid switch has a mechanical opening means 1 connected in parallel to an electrical opening means 100 said static.
  • the mechanical opening means 1 consists of a device electrical switching as defined above.
  • the electrical opening means 100 is intended to ensure a very fast electronic shutdown and thus be an extremely limiting opening means.
  • the energy of the breaking circuit is mainly absorbed in at least one varistor 101.
  • the static opening means 100 has a low heat dissipation capacity in nominal operation. This problem inherent in the operation of a static opening means makes it necessary to couple said opening means to another type of breaking means, such as, in particular, mechanical breaking means 1.
  • the static electric opening means 100 is that of a high-speed static circuit breaker as described in a patent of the applicant FR2651915 .
  • the purpose of the so-called hybrid cutoff is to eliminate the disadvantages of the static opening means 100 while retaining their advantages.
  • the electrical contacts 21, 22 in the closed position of the mechanical opening means 1 ensure the passage of the current in normal regime.
  • the electrical contacts 21, 22 open quickly enough to transfer the current to the circuit of the static opening means 100 which then takes care of the power cut and the energy absorption of the short circuit. -circuit in the varistor 101.

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Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention est relative à un dispositif de commutation électrique à mécanisme d'actionnement ultra-rapide d'ouverture de contacts électriques. Le mécanisme comprend un déclencheur électrodynamique ayant une bobine de propulsion associée à un disque conducteur. Un contact fixe coopère en position de fermeture avec un contact mobile, lesdits contacts électriques étant amenés en position d'ouverture par répulsion du disque conducteur lors de l'alimentation de la bobine de propulsion. Un dispositif de rappel est destiné à générer une force de fermeture pour maintenir lesdits contacts électriques en position de fermeture. Des moyens d'accrochage du contact mobile dans la position d'ouverture comportent une culasse magnétique ayant une bobine d'attraction destinée à fournir une force d'attraction d'une armature mobile magnétique. Ladite armature est destinée à être entraînée en déplacement par le contact mobile pour se placer en contact avec la culasse magnétique fixe.The invention relates to an electrical switching device with ultra-fast actuating mechanism for opening electrical contacts. The mechanism includes an electrodynamic actuator having a propulsion coil associated with a conductive disk. A fixed contact cooperates in the closed position with a movable contact, said electrical contacts being brought into the open position by repulsion of the conductive disk during the supply of the propulsion coil. A return device is provided for generating a closing force to hold said electrical contacts in the closed position. Means for engaging the movable contact in the open position comprise a magnetic yoke having an attraction coil for providing a pulling force of a magnetic moving armature. Said armature is intended to be driven in displacement by the movable contact to be in contact with the fixed magnetic yoke.

L'invention est aussi relative à un interrupteur à coupure hybride comportant en parallèle un moyen d'ouverture mécanique et un moyen d'ouverture électrique.The invention also relates to a hybrid switch having in parallel a mechanical opening means and an electrical opening means.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART

L'utilisation de mécanisme d'actionnement ultra-rapide d'ouverture ou de fermeture des contacts d'un dispositif de commutation est décrit notamment dans les demandes de brevet ( FR-A-2815611 , US2002/0044403 A1 , WO03/056586 A1 , US 4 272 661 A1 ).The use of an ultra-fast actuating mechanism for opening or closing the contacts of a switching device is described in particular in patent applications ( FR-A-2815611 , US2002 / 0044403 A1 , WO03 / 056586 A1 , US 4,272,661 A1 ).

De manière connue, comme représentée sur la figure 1, le dispositif de commutation comprend un bloc contacteur 20 ayant un contact fixe 21 coopérant avec dun contact mobile 22 porté par un support porte-contact 23. Les contacts électriques sont connectés respectivement aux bornes électriques d'un circuit électrique externe à commuter. La commande d'ouverture et de fermeture des contacts, autrement dit le mouvement du contact mobile est actionné par un mécanisme d'actionnement.In known manner, as represented on the figure 1 , the switching device comprises a contactor unit 20 having a fixed contact 21 cooperating with a movable contact 22 carried by a contact carrier support 23. The electrical contacts are respectively connected to the electrical terminals of an external electrical circuit to be switched. The command to open and close contacts, in other words the movement of the moving contact is actuated by an actuating mechanism.

Le but recherché par de tels dispositifs est l'ouverture et la fermeture ultra rapide des contacts.The goal sought by such devices is the opening and closing ultra fast contacts.

Certaines solutions proposent des mécanismes d'actionnement ayant un déclencheur électrodynamique à effet Thomson classique. Comme représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, le déclencheur électrodynamique 10 comprend une bobine dite de propulsion 12 associée à un disque conducteur 11. Ledit disque est disposé en position de fermeture en regard et à faible distance d'une face du bobinage de la bobine de propulsion 12. La bobine de propulsion 12 est soit fixe par rapport au bâti 7 du dispositif, soit portée par un système de compensation d'usure 14 de contacts. Le système de compensation peut comporter par exemple une mousse, un élastomère ou un ressort.Some solutions provide actuating mechanisms having a conventional Thomson effect electrodynamic actuator. As shown on figures 1 and 2 , the electrodynamic actuator 10 comprises a so-called propulsion coil 12 associated with a conductive disk 11. Said disk is arranged in closed position facing and at a short distance from a face of the winding of the propulsion coil 12. The propulsion coil 12 is either fixed relative to the frame 7 of the device, or carried by a wear compensation system 14 of contacts. The compensation system may comprise, for example, a foam, an elastomer or a spring.

Le dispositif de commutation comprend un dispositif de rappel 5 de l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 en position de fermeture desdits contacts électriques 21, 22, ledit dispositif générant une force de fermeture F1.The switching device comprises a return device 5 of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 in the closed position of said electrical contacts 21, 22, said device generating a closing force F1.

Pour ouvrir les contacts, la bobine de propulsion 12 est parcourue par un courant électrique et génère un champ magnétique qui produit une force de répulsion électromagnétique Fp qui repousse le disque conducteur 11 suivant une direction parallèle à son axe de révolution Y. Le déplacement du disque conducteur 11 provoque de manière concomitante le déplacement du support porte-contact 23 et du contact mobile 22 et donc l'ouverture des contacts électriques du dispositif de commutation. Ce type de mécanisme est utilisé pour sa simplicité de mise en oeuvre ainsi que pour son faible coût de revient.To open the contacts, the drive coil 12 is traversed by an electric current and generates a magnetic field that produces an electromagnetic repulsion force Fp that pushes the conductive disk 11 in a direction parallel to its axis of revolution Y. The displacement of the disk conductor 11 concomitantly causes the displacement of the contact carrier support 23 and the movable contact 22 and thus the opening of the electrical contacts of the switching device. This type of mechanism is used for its simplicity of implementation as well as for its low cost.

Une autre solution très efficace, non représentée, consiste à placer une deuxième bobine à la place du disque conducteur. On utilise alors conjointement les forces de répulsion créées par les deux bobines pour un déplacement ultra-rapide du contact mobile via la seconde bobine mobile. Les deux bobines sont alors configurées de manière à créer des forces de répulsion électromagnétiques opposées. Chaque bobine génère un champ magnétique qui produit une force de répulsion électromagnétique qui tend à repousser l'autre bobine. Sous l'effet combiné des deux forces de répulsion, la bobine mobile va se déplacer légèrement moins rapidement mais présente d'autres avantages. L'avantage principal de ce genre de dispositif est que l'on peut créer des forces de répulsion indépendante de la forme d'onde du courant de propulsion comme c'est le cas d'un propulseur à effet Thomson classique. Les courants n'ont pas à être induits par génération d'un courant de Foucault dans un secondaire tel qu'un disque massif pour que la force de répulsion s'exprime. Tous ces types de dispositif peuvent être utilisés sur un disjoncteur électromécanique à ouverture ultra rapide permettant ainsi une limitation très forte des courants de court-circuit. En outre, le dispositif à double bobine peut être utilisé sous forme asymétrique ou avec des bobines de formes diverses. Il peut être aussi complexifié au niveau de sa commande électronique. Une électronique plus sophistiquée donne accès à des fonctionnalités plus évoluées qui permettent de mieux contrôler le dispositif. On peut notamment gérer la course de déplacement de la bobine mobile qui peut être ralentie ou accélérée dans un sens comme dans l'autre. Cette variation des ralentissements/accélérations peut être obtenue soit par le contrôle de la force de répulsion au vue de la force de rappel, soit par une combinaison de ce premier contrôle avec un pilotage séparé des courants lorsqu'il s'agit d'une propulsion à deux bobinesAnother very effective solution, not shown, is to place a second coil in place of the conductive disk. The repulsion forces created by the two coils are then used together for ultra-fast displacement of the moving contact via the second voice coil. The two coils are then configured to create opposing electromagnetic repulsion forces. Each coil generates a magnetic field that produces a force of electromagnetic repulsion that tends to repel the other coil. Under the combined effect of the two repulsive forces, the voice coil will move slightly less rapidly but has other advantages. The main advantage of this kind of device is that it can create repulsion forces independent of the propulsion current waveform as is the case of a conventional Thomson effect thruster. The currents do not have to be induced by generating an eddy current in a secondary such as a massive disk for the repulsion force to be expressed. All these types of device can be used on an electromechanical breaker with ultra fast opening thus allowing a very strong limitation of the short-circuit currents. In addition, the double coil device can be used in asymmetrical form or with coils of various shapes. It can also be complicated in terms of its electronic control. More sophisticated electronics provide access to more advanced features that allow better control of the device. In particular, it is possible to manage the moving travel of the voice coil which can be slowed down or accelerated in one direction or the other. This variation of the slowdowns / accelerations can be obtained either by the control of the repulsion force in view of the return force, or by a combination of this first control with a separate control of the currents when it is a question of a propulsion. with two coils

On peut aussi envisager des moyens de maintien en position d'ouverture des contacts. Ces moyens de maintien ou d'accrochage génèrent une force retenant le support porte-contact 23 et le contact mobile 22 dans une position d'ouverture des contacts électriques du dispositif de commutation.Means for maintaining the open position of the contacts can also be envisaged. These holding or hooking means generate a force holding the contact holder support 23 and the movable contact 22 in an open position of the electrical contacts of the switching device.

Les moyens d'accrochage peuvent être de type électromagnétique tel que décrit dans un brevet de la demanderesse FR2867304 . Comme représenté sur la figure 2B, le maintien en position d'ouverture des contacts 21, 22 est obtenu grâce à une force de d'attraction électromagnétique supplémentaire. Des moyens d'accrochage 30 de l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 dans la position d'ouverture, comportent alors une armature mobile magnétique 31 destinée à collaborer par attraction avec une culasse magnétique 32 lors de l'excitation d'une bobine d'attraction 33. L'armature mobile magnétique 31 est liée mécaniquement à l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22. A titre d'exemple de réalisation, une tige rigide et non déformable relie l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 à l'armature mobile magnétique 31. Tout déplacement dudit ensemble entraine alors concomitamment le déplacement de l'armature mobile magnétique 31 et vice versa. Ces moyens d'accrochage électromagnétiques présentent l'inconvénient d'alourdir l'ensemble des moyens propulsés par la bobine de propulsion, un alourdissement des pièces en mouvement allant à l'encontre de la vitesse d'ouverture.The attachment means may be of the electromagnetic type as described in a patent of the applicant FR2867304 . As shown on the Figure 2B maintaining the open position of the contacts 21, 22 is obtained by virtue of an additional electromagnetic attraction force. Fastening means 30 of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position, then comprise a magnetic mobile armature 31 intended to collaborate by attraction with a magnetic yoke 32 during the excitation of an attraction coil 33. The frame mobile magnetic 31 is mechanically connected to the movable assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22. As an exemplary embodiment, a rigid and non-deformable rod connects the mobile assembly conductive disk 11 - support door -contact 23 - movable contact 22 to the movable magnetic armature 31. Any displacement of said assembly then concurrently causes the displacement of the magnetic mobile armature 31 and vice versa. These electromagnetic coupling means have the disadvantage of weighing down all the means propelled by the propulsion coil, a weighting of the moving parts against the opening speed.

Les moyens d'accrochage peuvent aussi être de type mécanique en utilisant par exemple un verrou. Lorsque les moyens d'accrochage sont mécaniques, ils peuvent présenter l'inconvénient de générer un frottement additionnel.The attachment means can also be mechanical type using for example a lock. When the attachment means are mechanical, they may have the disadvantage of generating additional friction.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

L'invention vise donc à remédier aux inconvénients de l'état de la technique, de manière à proposer un dispositif de commutation comportant un mécanisme d'actionnement ultra-rapide et des moyens d'accrochage magnétique efficaces.The invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide a switching device comprising a high-speed actuating mechanism and effective magnetic coupling means.

Le contact mobile du dispositif de commutation électrique selon l'invention est porté par un support porte-contact comportant des moyens d'entrainement destinés à venir collaborer, en cours du déplacement du contact mobile, avec l'armature mobile magnétique. La mise en contact desdits moyens d'entrainement avec l'armature mobile magnétique entraine son déplacement en direction de la culasse magnétique.The movable contact of the electrical switching device according to the invention is carried by a contact holder support comprising drive means intended to collaborate, during the movement of the movable contact, with the magnetic moving armature. Contacting said drive means with the magnetic moving armature causes its movement towards the magnetic yoke.

Selon un mode de développement de l'invention, le support porte-contact est solidaire du disque conducteur, Les moyens d'entrainement de l'ensemble étant positionnés sur le disque conducteur.According to a development mode of the invention, the contact carrier is secured to the conductive disk, the drive means of the assembly being positioned on the conductive disk.

De préférence, les moyens d'entrainement sont destinés à venir en contact avec l'armature mobile magnétique pour l'entrainer en mouvement lorsque la distance entre le contact mobile et le contact fixe est au moins supérieure à 50% d'une distance totale d'ouverture desdits contacts.Preferably, the drive means are intended to come into contact with the magnetic moving armature to drive it in motion when the distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact is at least greater than 50% of a total distance d opening said contacts.

Selon un mode de développement de l'invention, les moyens d'accrochage comportent des moyens de maintien destinés à maintenir l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur - support porte-contact - contact mobile en position d'ouverture, la force d'attraction étant appliquée audit ensemble mobile via les moyens de maintien.According to a development mode of the invention, the attachment means comprise holding means intended to hold the movable disk conductive assembly - contact carrier support - movable contact in the open position, the attraction force being applied mobile assembly audit via the holding means.

Avantageusement, les moyens de maintien comportent un ergo qui vient collaborer avec un emplacement aménagé sur le support porte-contact pour interdire un retour en position de fermeture de l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur - support porte-contact - contact mobile.Advantageously, the holding means comprise an ergo which collaborates with a location on the contact-holder support to prohibit a return to the closed position of the movable disk conductive assembly - contact carrier support - moving contact.

De préférence, la force d'attraction fournie par la bobine d'attraction de la culasse magnétique est d'intensité supérieure à la force de fermeture fournie par le dispositif de rappel,Preferably, the attraction force provided by the magnetic yoke attraction coil is of greater intensity than the closing force provided by the return device,

De préférence, l'armature mobile magnétique comporte un disque magnétique destiné à être disposé en position d'ouverture en regard et à faible distance d'une face de la bobine d'attraction et en contact avec la culasse magnétique.Preferably, the magnetic moving armature comprises a magnetic disk intended to be disposed in open position opposite and at a short distance from one face of the attraction coil and in contact with the magnetic yoke.

L'invention est relative à un interrupteur à coupure hybride comportant en parallèle un moyen d'ouverture mécanique et un moyen d'ouverture électrique. Le moyen d'ouverture mécanique est constitué d'un dispositif de commutation électrique tel que défini ci-dessus.The invention relates to a hybrid cut-off switch comprising in parallel a mechanical opening means and an electrical opening means. The mechanical opening means consists of an electrical switching device as defined above.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre d'un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et représenté aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • Les figures 1A et 1B représentent des vues schématiques en coupe de dispositifs de commutation selon l'état de l'art.
  • Les figures 2A et 2B représentent des vues schématiques en coupe d'un dispositif de commutation connu incluant un accrochage magnétique ;
  • La figure 3A représente une vue schématique en coupe d'un dispositif de commutation selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention en position fermée;
  • La figure 3B représente une vue schématique en coupe du dispositif selon la figure 3A en cours d'ouverture ;
  • La figure 3C représente une vue schématique en coupe du dispositif selon la figure 3A en position ouverte ;
  • La figure 4 représente une vue schématique d'un interrupteur hybride selon l'invention.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of a particular embodiment of the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, and represented in the accompanying drawings in which:
  • The Figures 1A and 1B represent schematic sectional views of switching devices according to the state of the art.
  • The Figures 2A and 2B are schematic sectional views of a known switching device including magnetic latching;
  • The figure 3A is a schematic sectional view of a switching device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in the closed position;
  • The figure 3B represents a schematic sectional view of the device according to the figure 3A in the process of opening;
  • The figure 3C represents a schematic sectional view of the device according to the figure 3A in open position;
  • The figure 4 represents a schematic view of a hybrid switch according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention tel que représenté sur les figures 3A à 3C, le dispositif de commutation électrique 1 à mécanisme d'actionnement ultra-rapide d'ouverture de contacts électriques 21, 22 comprend un déclencheur électrodynamique 10.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention as represented on the FIGS. 3A to 3C , the electrical switching device 1 with an ultra-fast electric contact opening mechanism 21, 22 comprises an electrodynamic release 10.

Ledit déclencheur comprend une bobine de propulsion 12 associée à un disque conducteur 11. Comme représenté sur la figure 3A, ledit disque conducteur est disposé en position de fermeture en regard et à faible distance d'une face du bobinage de la bobine de propulsion 12. En position de fermeture des contacts électriques 21, 22, le disque conducteur 11 est de préférence au contact avec la face du bobinage de la bobine de propulsion 12. Dans un exemple de réalisation, le diamètre extérieur du disque conducteur 11 est au moins égal au diamètre extérieur de la bobine de propulsion 12.Said trigger comprises a propulsion coil 12 associated with a conductive disk 11. As shown in FIG. figure 3A said conductive disk is arranged in the closed position opposite and at a short distance from a face of the winding of the drive coil 12. In the closed position of the electrical contacts 21, 22, the conductive disk 11 is preferably in contact with the face of the winding of the propulsion coil 12. In an exemplary embodiment, the outer diameter of the conductive disk 11 is at least equal to the outer diameter of the propulsion coil 12.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, les axes de révolution Y de la bobine de propulsion 12 et du disque conducteur 11 sont confondus ou alignés.According to a particular embodiment, the axes of revolution Y of the drive coil 12 and the conductive disk 11 are merged or aligned.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, la bobine de propulsion 12 est reliée au bâti 7 via un système de compensation d'usure 14. Le système de compensation d'usure 14 permet de maintenir le disque conducteur 11 propulsé, en position de fermeture, le plus rapproché possible de la bobine de propulsion 12 et ce quelque soit l'état d'usure des contacts électriques.According to a particular embodiment, the propulsion coil 12 is connected to the frame 7 via a wear compensation system 14. The wear compensation system 14 keeps the conductive disc 11 propelled, in the closed position, by closer possible to the propulsion coil 12 and whatever the state of wear of the electrical contacts.

Ledit déclencheur comprend un bloc contacteur 20 ayant un contact fixe 21 coopérant avec un contact mobile 22. Le contact mobile 22 est relié au disque conducteur 11 par l'intermédiaire d'un support porte-contact 23. Ainsi, tout mouvement en translation du disque conducteur 11 suivant son axe de révolution Y est intégralement transmis au contact mobile 22 qui se déplace suivant le même axe.Said trigger comprises a contactor block 20 having a fixed contact 21 cooperating with a movable contact 22. The movable contact 22 is connected to the conductive disk 11 by means of a contact carrier support 23. Thus, any translational movement of the conductive disk 11 along its axis of revolution Y is integrally transmitted to the movable contact 22 which moves along the same axis.

Ledit déclencheur comprend un dispositif de rappel 5 destiné à générer une force de fermeture F1 pour maintenir lesdits contacts électriques 21, 22 en position de fermeture. Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, le dispositif de rappel 5 comporte de préférence un ressort hélicoïdal. Comme représenté sur les figures 3A à 3C, ce ressort tend à se compresser au moment de l'ouverture des contacts électriques 21, 22. La force de fermeture F1 est alors une force de compression s'appliquant sur l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22.Said release comprises a return device 5 for generating a closing force F1 to maintain said electrical contacts 21, 22 in the closed position. According to a particular embodiment, the return device 5 preferably comprises a helical spring. As shown on FIGS. 3A to 3C this spring tends to compress at the moment of opening of the electrical contacts 21, 22. The closing force F1 is then a compressive force applying to the mobile assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - contact mobile 22.

Ledit déclencheur comprend des moyens d'accrochage 30 du contact mobile 22 dans la position d'ouverture. Lesdits moyens d'accrochage sont destinés à maintenir l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 contact mobile 22 dans une position d'ouverture des contacts électriques 21, 22. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens d'accrochage 30 comportent une culasse magnétique 32 fixe ayant une bobine d'attraction 33 destinée à être alimentée électriquement pour fournir une force électromagnétique d'attraction Fa.Said trigger comprises hooking means 30 of the movable contact 22 in the open position. Said hooking means are intended to hold the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 movable contact 22 in an open position of the electrical contacts 21, 22. According to one embodiment of the invention, the means fastening means 30 comprise a fixed magnetic yoke 32 having an attraction coil 33 intended to be electrically powered to provide an electromagnetic attraction force Fa.

Les moyens d'accrochage 30 comportent en outre une armature mobile magnétique 31 destinée à venir se placer en contact avec la culasse magnétique 32 fixe. L'armature mobile magnétique 31 est entraînée en déplacement par le contact mobile 22 en mouvement, l'entrainement de ladite armature étant directe ou indirecte. Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 est destiné à entraîner en déplacement l'armature mobile magnétique 31.The attachment means 30 further comprise a magnetic movable armature 31 intended to come into contact with the fixed magnetic yoke 32. The magnetic mobile armature 31 is driven in displacement by the movable contact 22 in movement, the drive of said armature being direct or indirect. According to a particular embodiment, the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 is intended to drive in displacement the magnetic mobile armature 31.

A titre d'exemple de réalisation, la culasse magnétique 32 a une forme annulaire. La bobine d'attraction 33 est positionnée à l'intérieur de l'anneau ouvert. L'armature mobile magnétique 31 comporte un disque magnétique destiné à venir collaborer avec la culasse magnétique 32 afin de refermer l'anneau ouvert. La culasse magnétique 32 fixe associée à l'armature mobile magnétique 31 forme ainsi un circuit magnétique. Les lignes de champ magnétique générées par la bobine d'attraction 33 viennent se reboucler dans le circuit magnétique en traversant les entrefers présents au niveau des zones de contacts entre ladite culasse et ladite armature.As an exemplary embodiment, the magnetic yoke 32 has an annular shape. The attraction coil 33 is positioned inside the open ring. The magnetic mobile armature 31 comprises a magnetic disk intended to come collaborate with the magnetic yoke 32 to close the open ring. The fixed magnetic yoke 32 associated with the magnetic mobile armature 31 thus forms a magnetic circuit. The magnetic field lines generated by the attraction coil 33 are looped in the magnetic circuit through the air gaps present at the contact areas between said yoke and said armature.

Selon un mode préférentiel de fonctionnement de l'invention, la force électromagnétique d'attraction Fa fournie par ladite bobine d'attraction 33 est destinée à maintenir l'armature mobile magnétique 31 et l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23- contact mobile 22 en position d'ouverture. La force électromagnétique d'attraction Fa fournie par la bobine d'attraction 33 de la culasse magnétique 32 s'oppose à la force de fermeture F1 fournie par le dispositif de rappel 5. En outre, la force d'accrochage Fa est d'intensité supérieure à une force de fermeture F1 fournie par le dispositif de rappel 5 en position de fermeture. Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention tel que représenté sur les figures 3A, 3B et 3C, les moyens d'accrochage 30 comportent des moyens de maintien 9 destinés à maintenir l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 en position d'ouverture. A titre d'exemple de réalisation, les moyens de maintien 9 comportent un ergo qui vient collaborer avec un emplacement aménagé sur le support porte-contact 23 pour interdire un retour en position de fermeture dudit l'ensemble mobileAccording to a preferred mode of operation of the invention, the magnetic attraction force Fa supplied by said attraction coil 33 is intended to maintain the magnetic mobile armature 31 and the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position. The magnetic attraction force Fa provided by the attraction coil 33 of the magnetic yoke 32 opposes the closing force F1 supplied by the return device 5. In addition, the gripping force Fa is of intensity greater than a closing force F1 provided by the return device 5 in the closed position. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention as represented on the Figures 3A, 3B and 3C , the attachment means 30 comprise holding means 9 intended to hold the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position. As an exemplary embodiment, the holding means 9 comprise an ergo which collaborates with a location on the contact holder support 23 to prohibit a return to the closed position of said moving assembly

Selon un mode particulier de fonctionnement, la force électromagnétique d'attraction Fa fournie est aussi destinée à attirer l'armature mobile magnétique 31 en position contre la culasse magnétique 32. La force électromagnétique d'attraction Fa fournie par la bobine d'attraction 33 favorise ainsi le déplacement de l'armature mobile magnétique 31 et peut entrainer son déplacement avant que l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 vienne en contact avec ladite armature pour provoquer son déplacement.According to a particular mode of operation, the magnetic attraction force Fa supplied is also intended to attract the magnetic mobile armature 31 in position against the magnetic yoke 32. The magnetic attraction force Fa supplied by the attraction coil 33 promotes and the movement of the magnetic mobile armature 31 and can cause its displacement before the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 comes into contact with said armature to cause its displacement.

Dans une première phase de fonctionnement préférentiel du dispositif de commutation, lesdits contacts électriques 21, 22 sont amenés en position ouverte par répulsion du disque conducteur 11 lors de l'alimentation de la bobine de propulsion 12. En effet, lorsque la bobine de propulsion 12 est parcourue par un courant électrique, cette dernière génère un champ magnétique qui produit une force de répulsion électromagnétique Fp. A titre d'exemple de réalisation, l'impulsion électrique est délivrée par une source d'énergie en particulier impulsionelle qui peut être constituée d'un condensateur préalablement chargé. La force de répulsion Fp repousse le disque conducteur 11 suivant une direction parallèle à son axe de révolution Y. Le déplacement du disque conducteur 11 provoque de manière concomitante le déplacement du support porte-contact 23 et du contact mobile 22. Ledit contact mobile quitte la position de fermeture. L'intensité de la force de répulsion Fp est largement supérieure à l'intensité de la force de fermeture F1 exercées par les moyens élastiques du dispositif de rappel 5 quelque soit la position de l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 (Fp » F1). La séparation des contacts électriques 21, 22 est ainsi opérée avec une masse minimale à déplacer. L'accélération de l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 est maximale. Au cours de cette première phase de fonctionnement, le déplacement de l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 est entièrement indépendant de celui de l'armature mobile magnétique 31. Ledit ensemble effectue en effet une course libre au cours de laquelle le contact mobile 22 se déplace vers la position d'ouverture. On entend ainsi par « course libre » le fait que l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 se déplace sans provoquer le déplacement de l'armature mobile magnétique 31.In a first phase of preferential operation of the switching device, said electrical contacts 21, 22 are brought into the open position by repulsion of the conductive disk 11 during the supply of the propulsion coil 12. Indeed, when the propulsion coil 12 is traversed by an electric current, the latter generates a magnetic field which produces an electromagnetic repulsion force Fp. As an exemplary embodiment, the electrical pulse is delivered by a particularly pulsed energy source which may consist of a previously charged capacitor. The repulsive force Fp pushes the conductive disc 11 in a direction parallel to its axis of revolution Y. The displacement of the conductive disc 11 concomitantly causes the displacement of the contact carrier support 23 and the movable contact 22. Said moving contact leaves the closing position. The intensity of the repulsive force Fp is much greater than the intensity of the closing force F1 exerted by the resilient means of the return device 5 whatever the position of the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 (Fp »F1). The separation of the electrical contacts 21, 22 is thus operated with a minimum mass to be displaced. The acceleration of the movable assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 is maximum. During this first phase of operation, the displacement of the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 is completely independent of that of the magnetic mobile armature 31. Said assembly performs indeed a free race during which the movable contact 22 moves to the open position. The term "free stroke" is thus understood to mean that the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 moves without causing the displacement of the magnetic mobile armature 31.

Une seconde phase de fonctionnement débute lorsque la distance entre le contact mobile 22 et le contact fixe 21 est suffisante. Ledit déplacement du contact mobile 22 est considéré comme suffisant lorsque la distance ou l'écartement entre le contact mobile 22 et le contact fixe 21 permet d'assurer une coupure électrique. A ce stade de fonctionnement, le support porte-contact 23 lié au contact mobile 22 comporte des moyens d'entrainement qui viennent en contact avec l'armature mobile magnétique 31 pour l'entrainer en déplacement.A second phase of operation begins when the distance between the movable contact 22 and the fixed contact 21 is sufficient. Said displacement of the movable contact 22 is considered sufficient when the distance or the distance between the movable contact 22 and the fixed contact 21 makes it possible to provide an electrical break. At this stage of operation, the contact carrier support 23 connected to the movable contact 22 comprises drive means which come into contact with the magnetic mobile armature 31 to drive it in displacement.

A titre d'exemple de réalisation, l'entrainement en déplacement de l'armature mobile magnétique 31 démarre lorsque le support porte-contact 23 s'est déplacé de manière à ce que la distance entre le contact mobile 22 et le contact fixe 21 soit au moins supérieure à 50% d'une distance totale d'ouverture des contacts électriques 21, 22.As an exemplary embodiment, the drive in displacement of the armature mobile magnetic 31 starts when the support carrier 23 has moved so that the distance between the movable contact 22 and the fixed contact 21 is at least greater than 50% of a total distance of opening of the electrical contacts 21, 22.

A titre d'exemple de réalisation, le support porte-contact 23 étant solidaire du disque conducteur 11, les moyens d'entrainement sont positionnés sur le disque conducteur 11 pour venir directement en contact avec une surface du disque magnétique de l'armature mobile magnétique 31. Du fait de l'accumulation d'énergie cinétique de l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22, un choc entre les moyens d'entrainement et ladite armature mobile magnétique 31 provoque le déplacement de ladite armature contre la culasse magnétique 32. A titre d'exemple de réalisation, les masses respectives de l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 et de l'armature mobile magnétique sont sensiblement égales. Compte tenu de cet équilibre des masses, le choc entre lesdits moyens d'entrainement et ladite armature provoque d'une part une très forte accélération de l'armature mobile magnétique 31 et d'autre part un très fort ralentissement de l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22.As an exemplary embodiment, the contact carrier support 23 being integral with the conductive disk 11, the drive means are positioned on the conductive disk 11 to come into direct contact with a surface of the magnetic disk of the magnetic mobile armature 31. Due to the accumulation of kinetic energy of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22, a shock between the drive means and said movable magnetic armature 31 causes the displacement of said armature against the magnetic yoke 32. As an example of embodiment, the respective masses of the mobile assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 and the magnetic moving armature are substantially equal. Given this balance of masses, the impact between said drive means and said armature causes on the one hand a very strong acceleration of the magnetic mobile armature 31 and on the other hand a very strong slowdown of the mobile disk assembly conductor 11 - contact carrier 23 - movable contact 22.

Dans une troisième phase de fonctionnement, la bobine d'attraction 33 alimentée électriquement fournit une force d'attraction Fa. La force d'attraction Fa est appliquée à l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 via les moyens de maintien 9 des moyens d'accrochages 30. Ainsi, à la fin de la seconde phase de fonctionnement, le positionnement de l'armature mobile magnétique 31 contre la culasse magnétique 32 permet de retenir l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 en position d'ouverture contre la force de fermeture F1. Tant que la bobine d'attraction 33 est alimentée, l'armature mobile magnétique 31 reste alors accrochée à la culasse magnétique 32 et empêche alors le retour en position de fermeture du contact mobile 22. Comme représenté sur la figure 3C, les moyens de maintien 9 solidaires de l'armature mobile magnétique 31 maintiennent l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 en position d'ouverture. En outre, au cours de cette troisième phase, la bobine de propulsion 12 n'est plus alimentée et la force de propulsion Fp est alors nulle. Lesdits contacts électriques 21, 22 sont maintenus en position d'ouverture grâce aux moyens d'accrochage 30 exerçant une force électromagnétique d'attraction Fa. Ladite force électromagnétique d'attraction Fa est d'intensité supérieure à la force de fermeture F1 exercée par les moyens élastiques du dispositif de rappel 5 en position de fermeture (Fa » F1).In a third phase of operation, the electrically energized attraction coil 33 provides an attractive force Fa. The attraction force Fa is applied to the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 via the holding means 9 of the clipping means 30. Thus, at the end of the second phase of operation, the positioning of the magnetic movable armature 31 against the magnetic yoke 32 makes it possible to retain the movable assembly of the conductive disk 11 - support contact holder 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position against the closing force F1. As long as the attraction coil 33 is energized, the magnetic mobile armature 31 then remains attached to the magnetic yoke 32 and then prevents the return to the closed position of the movable contact 22. As shown in FIG. figure 3C , the holding means 9 secured to the movable magnetic armature 31 hold the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position. In addition, during this third phase, the propulsion coil 12 is no longer powered and the propulsion force Fp is then zero. Said electrical contacts 21, 22 are held in the open position by the attachment means 30 exerting an electromagnetic attraction force Fa. Said electromagnetic attraction force Fa is of greater intensity than the closing force F1 exerted by the elastic means of the return device 5 in the closed position (Fa »F1).

Dans une quatrième phase de fonctionnement, la bobine de d'attraction 33 n'est plus alimentée, la force d'attraction Fa est alors nulle. Le contact mobile 22 peut alors revenir en contact avec le contact fixe 21 sous l'effet de la force de fermeture F1. L'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 retrouve sa position de fermeture et les contacts électriques 21, 22 sont donc à nouveau fermés. Le dispositif de commutation retrouve un état stable de fermeture.In a fourth phase of operation, the attraction coil 33 is no longer powered, the attraction force Fa is then zero. The movable contact 22 can then come into contact with the fixed contact 21 under the effect of the closing force F1. The movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 returns to its closed position and the electrical contacts 21, 22 are thus closed again. The switching device regains a stable state of closure.

Selon un mode particulier de fonctionnement du dispositif de commutation, l'armature mobile magnétique 31 débute un lent déplacement au cours de la première phase de fonctionnement. La bobine d'attraction 33 de la culasse magnétique 32 est alimentée et opère une attraction de l'armature mobile magnétique. Cette armature mobile magnétique 31 reçoit ultérieure l'énergie cinétique accumulé par l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22 au moment du choc et poursuit sa course jusqu'au contact avec la culasse magnétique 32.According to a particular mode of operation of the switching device, the magnetic mobile armature 31 begins a slow movement during the first phase of operation. The attraction coil 33 of the magnetic yoke 32 is energized and operates an attraction of the magnetic moving armature. This magnetic mobile armature 31 subsequently receives the kinetic energy accumulated by the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 at the moment of impact and continues its stroke until contact with the magnetic yoke 32.

Avantageusement, le dispositif de commutation de l'invention permet de réduire la masse des éléments mobiles propulsés par la force de propulsion. En effet, au commencement du mouvement de l'ensemble mobile disque conducteur 11 - support porte-contact 23 - contact mobile 22, les moyens d'accrochage 30 n'étant pas encore solidaires dudit ensemble mobile ne tendent pas à ralentir l'ouverture du contact mobile 22.Advantageously, the switching device of the invention makes it possible to reduce the mass of the moving elements propelled by the propulsive force. Indeed, at the beginning of the movement of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22, the attachment means 30 not yet secured to said moving assembly do not tend to slow the opening of the mobile contact 22.

Comme représenté sur la figure 4, l'invention concerne un interrupteur à coupure hybride. L'interrupteur de coupure hybride comporte un moyen d'ouverture mécanique 1 connecté en parallèle à un moyen d'ouverture électrique 100 dit statique. Le moyen d'ouverture mécanique 1 est constitué d'un dispositif de commutation électrique tel que défini ci-dessus.As shown on the figure 4 the invention relates to a hybrid switch. The hybrid switch has a mechanical opening means 1 connected in parallel to an electrical opening means 100 said static. The mechanical opening means 1 consists of a device electrical switching as defined above.

Le moyen d'ouverture électrique 100 est destiné à assurer une coupure électronique très rapide et être ainsi un moyen d'ouverture extrêmement limiteur. L'énergie du circuit de coupure est principalement absorbée dans au moins une varistance 101. Le moyen d'ouverture statique 100 présente cependant une faible capacité de dissipation thermique en fonctionnement nominal. Ce problème inhérent au fonctionnement d'un moyen d'ouverture statique oblige de coupler ledit moyen d'ouverture à d'autre type de moyen de coupure tel que notamment des moyens de coupure mécanique 1.The electrical opening means 100 is intended to ensure a very fast electronic shutdown and thus be an extremely limiting opening means. The energy of the breaking circuit is mainly absorbed in at least one varistor 101. The static opening means 100, however, has a low heat dissipation capacity in nominal operation. This problem inherent in the operation of a static opening means makes it necessary to couple said opening means to another type of breaking means, such as, in particular, mechanical breaking means 1.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation l'invention, le moyen d'ouverture électrique statique 100 est celui d'un disjoncteur statique ultra-rapide tel que décrit dans un brevet de la demanderesse FR2651915 .According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the static electric opening means 100 is that of a high-speed static circuit breaker as described in a patent of the applicant FR2651915 .

Ainsi, l'objectif de la coupure dite hybride est d'éliminer les inconvénients des moyens d'ouverture statique 100 tout en conservant leurs avantages. Ainsi, les contacts électriques 21, 22 en position de fermeture du moyen d'ouverture mécanique 1 assurent le passage du courant en régime normal. En cas de détection de défaut électrique, les contacts électriques 21, 22 s'ouvrent suffisamment rapidement pour transférer le courant sur le circuit des moyens d'ouverture statique 100 qui prend alors en charge la coupure électrique et l'absorption d'énergie du court-circuit dans la varistance 101.Thus, the purpose of the so-called hybrid cutoff is to eliminate the disadvantages of the static opening means 100 while retaining their advantages. Thus, the electrical contacts 21, 22 in the closed position of the mechanical opening means 1 ensure the passage of the current in normal regime. In the event of an electrical fault detection, the electrical contacts 21, 22 open quickly enough to transfer the current to the circuit of the static opening means 100 which then takes care of the power cut and the energy absorption of the short circuit. -circuit in the varistor 101.

Claims (8)

  1. Electrical switching device having an ultrafast actuating mechanism for opening electrical contacts (21, 22) comprising:
    - an electrodynamic trip (10) comprising a propulsion coil (12) associated with a conductive disc (11),
    - a fixed contact (21) cooperating in the closed position with a mobile contact (22), said electrical contacts (21, 22) being brought into the open position by repulsion of conductive disc (11) upon the powering of the propulsion coil (12),
    - a return device (5) intended to generate a closure force (F1) to keep said electrical contacts (21, 22) in the closed position,
    - means (30) for catching the mobile contact (22) in the open position, said means comprising a magnetic yoke (32) having an attraction coil (33) intended to supply an attraction force (Fa) to a magnetic mobile keeper (31), said keeper being intended to be driven in displacement by the mobile contact (22) to be placed in contact with the fixed magnetic yoke (32),
    the device being characterised in that the mobile contact (22) is borne by a contact-holding support (23) comprising driving means intended to come to collaborate, during the displacement of the mobile contact (22), with the magnetic mobile keeper (31), the placing of said driving means in contact with the magnetic mobile keeper (31) driving its displacement towards the magnetic yoke (32).
  2. Electrical switching device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the contact-holding support (23) is secured to the conductive disc (11), the driving means of the assembly being positioned on the conductive disc (11).
  3. Electrical switching device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the driving means are intended to come into contact with the magnetic mobile keeper (31) to drive its movement when the distance between the mobile contact (22) and the fixed contact (21) is at least greater than 50% of a total distance of opening of said contacts.
  4. Electrical switching device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the catching means (30) comprise holding means (9) intended to keep the mobile conductive disc (11) - contact-holding support (23) - mobile contact (22) assembly in the open position, the attraction force (Fa) being applied to said mobile assembly via the holding means (9).
  5. Electrical switching device according to Claim 4, characterised in that the holding means (9) comprise a snug which comes to collaborate with a position formed on the contact-holding support (23) to prevent the mobile conductive disc (11) - contact-holding support (23) - mobile contact (22) assembly from returning to the closed position.
  6. Electrical switching device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the attraction force (Fa) supplied by the attraction coil (33) of the magnetic yoke (32) has an intensity greater than the closure force (F1) supplied by the return device (5).
  7. Electrical switching device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the magnetic mobile keeper (31) comprises a magnetic disc intended to be arranged in the open position facing and at a short distance from a face of the attraction coil (33) and in contact with the magnetic yoke (32).
  8. Hybrid breaking switch (100) comprising, in parallel, a mechanical opening means and an electrical opening means, characterised in that the mechanical opening means consists of an electrical switching device (1) according to any one of the preceding Claims 1 to 7.
EP10721182.3A 2010-04-15 2010-04-15 Electrical switching device having an ultrafast actuation mechanism and hybrid switch comprising such a device Active EP2559040B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/FR2010/000304 WO2011128516A1 (en) 2010-04-15 2010-04-15 Electrical switching device having an ultrafast actuation mechanism and hybrid switch comprising such a device

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EP2559040B1 true EP2559040B1 (en) 2015-04-08

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CA2794131C (en) 2016-01-05
WO2011128516A1 (en) 2011-10-20
EP2559040A1 (en) 2013-02-20
US20130027158A1 (en) 2013-01-31
CN102947908B (en) 2015-11-25
ES2541357T3 (en) 2015-07-17
CA2794131A1 (en) 2011-10-20
CN102947908A (en) 2013-02-27
US8686814B2 (en) 2014-04-01

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