EP2559040B1 - Elektrische schaltvorrichtung mit ultraschnellem betätigungsmechanismus und hybridschalter mit einer derartigen vorrichtung - Google Patents

Elektrische schaltvorrichtung mit ultraschnellem betätigungsmechanismus und hybridschalter mit einer derartigen vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2559040B1
EP2559040B1 EP10721182.3A EP10721182A EP2559040B1 EP 2559040 B1 EP2559040 B1 EP 2559040B1 EP 10721182 A EP10721182 A EP 10721182A EP 2559040 B1 EP2559040 B1 EP 2559040B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
mobile
magnetic
switching device
intended
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Active
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EP10721182.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2559040A1 (de
Inventor
Julien Bach
Cédric BRICQUET
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/222—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electrodynamic repulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switching device with ultra-fast actuating mechanism for opening electrical contacts.
  • the mechanism includes an electrodynamic actuator having a propulsion coil associated with a conductive disk.
  • a fixed contact cooperates in the closed position with a movable contact, said electrical contacts being brought into the open position by repulsion of the conductive disk during the supply of the propulsion coil.
  • a return device is provided for generating a closing force to hold said electrical contacts in the closed position.
  • Means for engaging the movable contact in the open position comprise a magnetic yoke having an attraction coil for providing a pulling force of a magnetic moving armature. Said armature is intended to be driven in displacement by the movable contact to be in contact with the fixed magnetic yoke.
  • the invention also relates to a hybrid switch having in parallel a mechanical opening means and an electrical opening means.
  • the switching device comprises a contactor unit 20 having a fixed contact 21 cooperating with a movable contact 22 carried by a contact carrier support 23.
  • the electrical contacts are respectively connected to the electrical terminals of an external electrical circuit to be switched.
  • the command to open and close contacts in other words the movement of the moving contact is actuated by an actuating mechanism.
  • the goal sought by such devices is the opening and closing ultra fast contacts.
  • the electrodynamic actuator 10 comprises a so-called propulsion coil 12 associated with a conductive disk 11. Said disk is arranged in closed position facing and at a short distance from a face of the winding of the propulsion coil 12.
  • the propulsion coil 12 is either fixed relative to the frame 7 of the device, or carried by a wear compensation system 14 of contacts.
  • the compensation system may comprise, for example, a foam, an elastomer or a spring.
  • the switching device comprises a return device 5 of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 in the closed position of said electrical contacts 21, 22, said device generating a closing force F1.
  • the drive coil 12 is traversed by an electric current and generates a magnetic field that produces an electromagnetic repulsion force Fp that pushes the conductive disk 11 in a direction parallel to its axis of revolution Y.
  • the displacement of the disk conductor 11 concomitantly causes the displacement of the contact carrier support 23 and the movable contact 22 and thus the opening of the electrical contacts of the switching device.
  • This type of mechanism is used for its simplicity of implementation as well as for its low cost.
  • Another very effective solution is to place a second coil in place of the conductive disk.
  • the repulsion forces created by the two coils are then used together for ultra-fast displacement of the moving contact via the second voice coil.
  • the two coils are then configured to create opposing electromagnetic repulsion forces.
  • Each coil generates a magnetic field that produces a force of electromagnetic repulsion that tends to repel the other coil.
  • the voice coil Under the combined effect of the two repulsive forces, the voice coil will move slightly less rapidly but has other advantages.
  • the main advantage of this kind of device is that it can create repulsion forces independent of the propulsion current waveform as is the case of a conventional Thomson effect thruster.
  • the currents do not have to be induced by generating an eddy current in a secondary such as a massive disk for the repulsion force to be expressed. All these types of device can be used on an electromechanical breaker with ultra fast opening thus allowing a very strong limitation of the short-circuit currents.
  • the double coil device can be used in asymmetrical form or with coils of various shapes. It can also be complicated in terms of its electronic control. More sophisticated electronics provide access to more advanced features that allow better control of the device. In particular, it is possible to manage the moving travel of the voice coil which can be slowed down or accelerated in one direction or the other.
  • This variation of the slowdowns / accelerations can be obtained either by the control of the repulsion force in view of the return force, or by a combination of this first control with a separate control of the currents when it is a question of a propulsion. with two coils
  • Means for maintaining the open position of the contacts can also be envisaged. These holding or hooking means generate a force holding the contact holder support 23 and the movable contact 22 in an open position of the electrical contacts of the switching device.
  • the attachment means may be of the electromagnetic type as described in a patent of the applicant FR2867304 . As shown on the Figure 2B maintaining the open position of the contacts 21, 22 is obtained by virtue of an additional electromagnetic attraction force.
  • Fastening means 30 of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position then comprise a magnetic mobile armature 31 intended to collaborate by attraction with a magnetic yoke 32 during the excitation of an attraction coil 33.
  • the frame mobile magnetic 31 is mechanically connected to the movable assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22.
  • a rigid and non-deformable rod connects the mobile assembly conductive disk 11 - support door -contact 23 - movable contact 22 to the movable magnetic armature 31. Any displacement of said assembly then concurrently causes the displacement of the magnetic mobile armature 31 and vice versa.
  • These electromagnetic coupling means have the disadvantage of weighing down all the means propelled by the propulsion coil, a weighting of the moving parts against the opening speed.
  • the attachment means can also be mechanical type using for example a lock.
  • the attachment means When the attachment means are mechanical, they may have the disadvantage of generating additional friction.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide a switching device comprising a high-speed actuating mechanism and effective magnetic coupling means.
  • the movable contact of the electrical switching device according to the invention is carried by a contact holder support comprising drive means intended to collaborate, during the movement of the movable contact, with the magnetic moving armature. Contacting said drive means with the magnetic moving armature causes its movement towards the magnetic yoke.
  • the contact carrier is secured to the conductive disk, the drive means of the assembly being positioned on the conductive disk.
  • the drive means are intended to come into contact with the magnetic moving armature to drive it in motion when the distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact is at least greater than 50% of a total distance d opening said contacts.
  • the attachment means comprise holding means intended to hold the movable disk conductive assembly - contact carrier support - movable contact in the open position, the attraction force being applied mobile assembly audit via the holding means.
  • the holding means comprise an ergo which collaborates with a location on the contact-holder support to prohibit a return to the closed position of the movable disk conductive assembly - contact carrier support - moving contact.
  • the attraction force provided by the magnetic yoke attraction coil is of greater intensity than the closing force provided by the return device
  • the magnetic moving armature comprises a magnetic disk intended to be disposed in open position opposite and at a short distance from one face of the attraction coil and in contact with the magnetic yoke.
  • the invention relates to a hybrid cut-off switch comprising in parallel a mechanical opening means and an electrical opening means.
  • the mechanical opening means consists of an electrical switching device as defined above.
  • the electrical switching device 1 with an ultra-fast electric contact opening mechanism 21, 22 comprises an electrodynamic release 10.
  • Said trigger comprises a propulsion coil 12 associated with a conductive disk 11.
  • said conductive disk is arranged in the closed position opposite and at a short distance from a face of the winding of the drive coil 12.
  • the conductive disk 11 is preferably in contact with the face of the winding of the propulsion coil 12.
  • the outer diameter of the conductive disk 11 is at least equal to the outer diameter of the propulsion coil 12.
  • the axes of revolution Y of the drive coil 12 and the conductive disk 11 are merged or aligned.
  • the propulsion coil 12 is connected to the frame 7 via a wear compensation system 14.
  • the wear compensation system 14 keeps the conductive disc 11 propelled, in the closed position, by closer possible to the propulsion coil 12 and whatever the state of wear of the electrical contacts.
  • Said trigger comprises a contactor block 20 having a fixed contact 21 cooperating with a movable contact 22.
  • the movable contact 22 is connected to the conductive disk 11 by means of a contact carrier support 23.
  • any translational movement of the conductive disk 11 along its axis of revolution Y is integrally transmitted to the movable contact 22 which moves along the same axis.
  • Said release comprises a return device 5 for generating a closing force F1 to maintain said electrical contacts 21, 22 in the closed position.
  • the return device 5 preferably comprises a helical spring. As shown on FIGS. 3A to 3C this spring tends to compress at the moment of opening of the electrical contacts 21, 22.
  • the closing force F1 is then a compressive force applying to the mobile assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - contact mobile 22.
  • Said trigger comprises hooking means 30 of the movable contact 22 in the open position.
  • Said hooking means are intended to hold the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 movable contact 22 in an open position of the electrical contacts 21, 22.
  • the means fastening means 30 comprise a fixed magnetic yoke 32 having an attraction coil 33 intended to be electrically powered to provide an electromagnetic attraction force Fa.
  • the attachment means 30 further comprise a magnetic movable armature 31 intended to come into contact with the fixed magnetic yoke 32.
  • the magnetic mobile armature 31 is driven in displacement by the movable contact 22 in movement, the drive of said armature being direct or indirect.
  • the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 is intended to drive in displacement the magnetic mobile armature 31.
  • the magnetic yoke 32 has an annular shape.
  • the attraction coil 33 is positioned inside the open ring.
  • the magnetic mobile armature 31 comprises a magnetic disk intended to come collaborate with the magnetic yoke 32 to close the open ring.
  • the fixed magnetic yoke 32 associated with the magnetic mobile armature 31 thus forms a magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic field lines generated by the attraction coil 33 are looped in the magnetic circuit through the air gaps present at the contact areas between said yoke and said armature.
  • the magnetic attraction force Fa supplied by said attraction coil 33 is intended to maintain the magnetic mobile armature 31 and the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position.
  • the magnetic attraction force Fa provided by the attraction coil 33 of the magnetic yoke 32 opposes the closing force F1 supplied by the return device 5.
  • the gripping force Fa is of intensity greater than a closing force F1 provided by the return device 5 in the closed position.
  • the attachment means 30 comprise holding means 9 intended to hold the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position.
  • the holding means 9 comprise an ergo which collaborates with a location on the contact holder support 23 to prohibit a return to the closed position of said moving assembly
  • the magnetic attraction force Fa supplied is also intended to attract the magnetic mobile armature 31 in position against the magnetic yoke 32.
  • the magnetic attraction force Fa supplied by the attraction coil 33 promotes and the movement of the magnetic mobile armature 31 and can cause its displacement before the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 comes into contact with said armature to cause its displacement.
  • said electrical contacts 21, 22 are brought into the open position by repulsion of the conductive disk 11 during the supply of the propulsion coil 12. Indeed, when the propulsion coil 12 is traversed by an electric current, the latter generates a magnetic field which produces an electromagnetic repulsion force Fp.
  • the electrical pulse is delivered by a particularly pulsed energy source which may consist of a previously charged capacitor.
  • the repulsive force Fp pushes the conductive disc 11 in a direction parallel to its axis of revolution Y.
  • the displacement of the conductive disc 11 concomitantly causes the displacement of the contact carrier support 23 and the movable contact 22. Said moving contact leaves the closing position.
  • the intensity of the repulsive force Fp is much greater than the intensity of the closing force F1 exerted by the resilient means of the return device 5 whatever the position of the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 (Fp »F1).
  • the separation of the electrical contacts 21, 22 is thus operated with a minimum mass to be displaced.
  • the acceleration of the movable assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 is maximum.
  • the displacement of the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 is completely independent of that of the magnetic mobile armature 31. Said assembly performs indeed a free race during which the movable contact 22 moves to the open position.
  • the term "free stroke” is thus understood to mean that the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 moves without causing the displacement of the magnetic mobile armature 31.
  • a second phase of operation begins when the distance between the movable contact 22 and the fixed contact 21 is sufficient. Said displacement of the movable contact 22 is considered sufficient when the distance or the distance between the movable contact 22 and the fixed contact 21 makes it possible to provide an electrical break.
  • the contact carrier support 23 connected to the movable contact 22 comprises drive means which come into contact with the magnetic mobile armature 31 to drive it in displacement.
  • the drive in displacement of the armature mobile magnetic 31 starts when the support carrier 23 has moved so that the distance between the movable contact 22 and the fixed contact 21 is at least greater than 50% of a total distance of opening of the electrical contacts 21, 22.
  • the contact carrier support 23 being integral with the conductive disk 11, the drive means are positioned on the conductive disk 11 to come into direct contact with a surface of the magnetic disk of the magnetic mobile armature 31. Due to the accumulation of kinetic energy of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22, a shock between the drive means and said movable magnetic armature 31 causes the displacement of said armature against the magnetic yoke 32.
  • the respective masses of the mobile assembly conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 and the magnetic moving armature are substantially equal.
  • the electrically energized attraction coil 33 provides an attractive force Fa.
  • the attraction force Fa is applied to the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 via the holding means 9 of the clipping means 30.
  • the positioning of the magnetic movable armature 31 against the magnetic yoke 32 makes it possible to retain the movable assembly of the conductive disk 11 - support contact holder 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position against the closing force F1.
  • the magnetic mobile armature 31 then remains attached to the magnetic yoke 32 and then prevents the return to the closed position of the movable contact 22. As shown in FIG.
  • the holding means 9 secured to the movable magnetic armature 31 hold the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 in the open position.
  • the propulsion coil 12 is no longer powered and the propulsion force Fp is then zero.
  • Said electrical contacts 21, 22 are held in the open position by the attachment means 30 exerting an electromagnetic attraction force Fa.
  • Said electromagnetic attraction force Fa is of greater intensity than the closing force F1 exerted by the elastic means of the return device 5 in the closed position (Fa »F1).
  • the attraction coil 33 is no longer powered, the attraction force Fa is then zero.
  • the movable contact 22 can then come into contact with the fixed contact 21 under the effect of the closing force F1.
  • the movable conductive disk assembly 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 returns to its closed position and the electrical contacts 21, 22 are thus closed again.
  • the switching device regains a stable state of closure.
  • the magnetic mobile armature 31 begins a slow movement during the first phase of operation.
  • the attraction coil 33 of the magnetic yoke 32 is energized and operates an attraction of the magnetic moving armature.
  • This magnetic mobile armature 31 subsequently receives the kinetic energy accumulated by the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22 at the moment of impact and continues its stroke until contact with the magnetic yoke 32.
  • the switching device of the invention makes it possible to reduce the mass of the moving elements propelled by the propulsive force. Indeed, at the beginning of the movement of the movable conductive disk 11 - contact carrier support 23 - movable contact 22, the attachment means 30 not yet secured to said moving assembly do not tend to slow the opening of the mobile contact 22.
  • the invention relates to a hybrid switch.
  • the hybrid switch has a mechanical opening means 1 connected in parallel to an electrical opening means 100 said static.
  • the mechanical opening means 1 consists of a device electrical switching as defined above.
  • the electrical opening means 100 is intended to ensure a very fast electronic shutdown and thus be an extremely limiting opening means.
  • the energy of the breaking circuit is mainly absorbed in at least one varistor 101.
  • the static opening means 100 has a low heat dissipation capacity in nominal operation. This problem inherent in the operation of a static opening means makes it necessary to couple said opening means to another type of breaking means, such as, in particular, mechanical breaking means 1.
  • the static electric opening means 100 is that of a high-speed static circuit breaker as described in a patent of the applicant FR2651915 .
  • the purpose of the so-called hybrid cutoff is to eliminate the disadvantages of the static opening means 100 while retaining their advantages.
  • the electrical contacts 21, 22 in the closed position of the mechanical opening means 1 ensure the passage of the current in normal regime.
  • the electrical contacts 21, 22 open quickly enough to transfer the current to the circuit of the static opening means 100 which then takes care of the power cut and the energy absorption of the short circuit. -circuit in the varistor 101.

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  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Elektrische Schalteinrichtung mit ultraschnellem Antriebsmechanismus zur Abschaltung elektrischer Kontakte (21, 22), welche Einrichtung
    - einen elektrodynamischen Auslöser (10) mit einer Antriebsspule (12), welche einer Leiterscheibe (11) zugeordnet ist,
    - einen feststehenden Kontakt (21), der in der Einschaltstellung mit einem beweglichen Kontakt (22) zusammenwirkt, welche Kontakte (21, 22) nach Beaufschlagung der Antriebsspule (12) mit einer elektrischen Spannung durch Abstoßung der Leiterscheibe (11) in die Ausschaltstellung verbracht werden,
    - eine Rückstellvorrichtung (5), die dazu dient, eine Schließkraft (F1) zu erzeugen, um die genannten elektrischen Kontakte (21, 22) in der Einschaltstellung zu halten, sowie
    - Haltemittel (30) zum Halten des beweglichen Kontakts (22) in der Ausschaltstellung umfasst, welche Haltemittel ein magnetisches Rückschlusseisen (32) mit einer Anziehungsspule (33) zur Erzeugung einer, auf einen beweglichen Magnetanker (31) wirkenden Anziehungskraft (Fa) umfassen, wobei der Magnetanker dazu dient, durch den beweglichen Kontakt (22) verschoben und auf diese Weise gegen das feststehende magnetische Rückschlusseisen (32) geführt zu werden,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche Kontakt (22) der Schalteinrichtung auf einem Kontaktträgerhalter (23) angeordnet ist, an dem Mitnehmermittel ausgebildet sind, die dazu dienen, im Verlauf der Verschiebung des beweglichen Kontakts (22) mit dem beweglichen Magnetanker (31) zusammenzuwirken, wobei die Kontaktgabe zwischen den genannten Mitnehmermitteln und dem beweglichen Magnetanker (31) die Verschiebung des Ankers in Richtung des magnetischen Rückschlusseisens (32) bewirkt.
  2. Elektrische Schalteinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kontaktträgerhalter (23) mit der Leiterscheibe (11) verbunden ist und die auf die Anordnung wirkenden Mitnehmermittel auf der Leiterscheibe (11) angeordnet sind.
  3. Elektrische Schalteinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mitnehmermittel dazu dienen, gegen den beweglichen Magnetanker (31) geführt zu werden, um diesen zu verschieben, wenn der Abstand zwischen dem beweglichen Kontakt (22) und dem feststehenden Kontakt (21) mindestens den halben Wert eines Gesamt-Ausschaltabstands zwischen den Kontakten übersteigt.
  4. Elektrische Schalteinrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haltemittel (30) Rückhalteelemente (9) umfassen, die dazu dienen, die aus Leiterscheibe (11), Kontaktträgerhalter (23) und beweglichem Kontakt (22) bestehende bewegliche Anordnung in der Ausschaltstellung zu halten, wobei die Anziehungskraft (Fa) über die Rückhaltemittel (9) auf die genannte bewegliche Anordnung wirkt.
  5. Elektrische Schalteinrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rückhalteelemente (9) einen Vorsprung umfassen, der mit einem am Kontaktträgerhalter (23) ausgebildeten Absatz zusammenwirkt, um ein Rückkehren der aus Leiterscheibe (11), Kontaktträgerhalter (23) und beweglichem Kontakt (22) bestehenden beweglichen Anordnung in die Einschaltstellung zu verhindern.
  6. Elektrische Schalteinrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die von der dem magnetischen Rückschlusseisen (32) zugeordneten Anziehungsspule (33) erzeugte Anziehungskraft (Fa) größer ist als die von der Rückstellvorrichtung (5) ausgeübte Schließkraft (F1).
  7. Elektrische Schalteinrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche Magnetanker (31) eine Magnetscheibe umfasst, die dazu dient, in der Ausschaltstellung in geringem Abstand gegenüber einer Seite der Anziehungsspule (33) sowie in Kontakt mit dem magnetischen Rückschlusseisen (32) positioniert zu werden.
  8. Hybridschalter (100) mit einem mechanischen Abschaltmittel und einem parallel dazu angeordneten elektrischen Abschaltmittel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mechanische Abschaltmittel als elektrische Schalteinrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 7 ausgebildet ist.
EP10721182.3A 2010-04-15 2010-04-15 Elektrische schaltvorrichtung mit ultraschnellem betätigungsmechanismus und hybridschalter mit einer derartigen vorrichtung Active EP2559040B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FR2010/000304 WO2011128516A1 (fr) 2010-04-15 2010-04-15 Dispositif de commutation electrique a mecanisme d'actionnement ultra-rapide et interrupteur hybride comprenant un tel dispositif

Publications (2)

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EP2559040A1 EP2559040A1 (de) 2013-02-20
EP2559040B1 true EP2559040B1 (de) 2015-04-08

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US (1) US8686814B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2559040B1 (de)
CN (1) CN102947908B (de)
CA (1) CA2794131C (de)
ES (1) ES2541357T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2011128516A1 (de)

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CA2794131C (fr) 2016-01-05
US8686814B2 (en) 2014-04-01
CN102947908A (zh) 2013-02-27
EP2559040A1 (de) 2013-02-20
ES2541357T3 (es) 2015-07-17
CN102947908B (zh) 2015-11-25
CA2794131A1 (fr) 2011-10-20
WO2011128516A1 (fr) 2011-10-20
US20130027158A1 (en) 2013-01-31

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