EP2558650A1

EP2558650A1 - Anchoring element for a hydraulic engineering installation

Info

Publication number: EP2558650A1
Application number: EP11702938A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wolfgang Maier
Original assignee: Voith Patent GmbH
Current assignee: Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date: 2010-04-16
Filing date: 2011-02-03
Publication date: 2013-02-20
Anticipated expiration: 2031-02-03
Also published as: EP2558650B1; US20130101359A1; KR20130060192A; CA2796547A1; JP2013525629A; DE102010015533B3; JP5630929B2; WO2011128006A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an anchoring element for a hydraulic engineering installation having at least one ballast weight for weighting purposes and is characterized in that the anchoring element comprises a plurality of shear-protection elements which are arranged movably on lateral guides in the anchoring element such that, when the anchoring element is deposited on the bottom of a body of water, the shear-protection elements bear down on the bottom of the body of water under their own weight when in contact with said bottom and move individually along the respective lateral guide until the anchoring element assumes a position of equilibrium.

Description

Anchoring element for a hydraulic system

The invention relates to an anchoring element for a hydraulic system, in particular a mooring block or a gravity foundation for a

Offshore power generation plant or a centering and guidance aid for a monopile foundation and a well at the riverbed.

To form a permanent anchor point at the bottom of the water, a weight is typically sunk, from which a connecting chain is guided to an anchor buoy. Reference is made by way of example to US 2008/0112759 AI. From this document go down to the bottom of the water lattice baskets that are filled with rocks. As an alternative, there is the

Possibility of forming mooring blocks in the form of standardized concrete parts. A mooring block must have a high weight in order to serve as a safe anchor point. For the formation of anchoring elements for offshore installations, this leads to the need to use special installation vessels with a sufficient crane capacity to heavyweight

Secure anchoring elements to place. To improve the durability of mooring blocks was by the

JP 61046791 A use the bottom side, in the bottom of the

Water body burying peaks proposed on a mooring block. This approach requires a relatively soft sediment at the bottom of the water. A deposit of such a mooring block on rocky ground can lead to a reduced anchor effect. Therefore, it becomes more adequate to provide

Safety reserves usually increases the weight of such anchoring elements, but this complicates the installation work.

A corresponding problem arises for gravity foundations of offshore energy generation plants. For the construction of wind turbines a sea location is referenced by way of example to DE 10 2005 006 988 AI. Furthermore, appropriate, secured by the intrinsic gravity foundations for fully submersible tidal power plants known. Even in this case, a rocky surface leads to particularly heavy

Foundation elements to move the plant by wave and

Safely exclude flow forces.

If a pile foundation (monopile) is used for the foundation of a rocky body of water as an alternative to a gravity foundation, anchoring elements serve to center the hole to be made for the pile foundation and to secure the immediate footing of the foundation - for this reference is made to EP 1 988 219 AI. Also for this

Application heavy anchoring elements are placed on the bottom of the river.

The invention has for its object to provide an anchoring element for a hydraulic system that by its own gravity on the

Body of water is heavy, with the ballast weight used being low relative to the shear load limit loads, allowing for installation with a simplified ship's craft. The anchoring element should be particularly suitable for stony and rocky surfaces and are characterized by a long service life and by design and manufacturing simplicity. The object underlying the invention is solved by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

To improve on known anchoring elements that utilize a load weight for securing, the inventors have recognized that in side guides in Anchoring element movably arranged shear securing elements, which after settling on the river bottom in the bumps of the

Wedge the ground, significantly increase the resilience of the anchoring element against lateral forces. The ones used for this

Thrust securing elements move only because of their

Own weight. Accordingly, the side guides transmit lateral forces, but leave each individual one of the thrust securing elements a translational degree of freedom, so that the thrust securing elements can extend without contact to the body of water without additional Aktorik.

Each of the thrust securing elements will occupy a certain equilibrium position when depositing the anchoring element on the bottom of the water. High loads on the anchoring element, in particular lateral forces, can lead to the movement of the entire anchoring element, without the individual contact points of the shear securing elements are significantly changed on the riverbed, i. the anchoring element clings as it were with the freely movable extendable Schubsicherungselementen in the relief of the substrate. In the simplest case, the thrust securing elements are positively closed too

Recesses created in the body of the anchoring element, so that the

Walls of the recesses the side guides for the

Represent thrust securing elements. For a preferred embodiment, the recesses are formed as passage openings in the anchoring element, so that the thrust securing elements can be inserted from above into the passage openings and a suitable fall-out protection, for example in the form of a flange-shaped widened cross-section in the head area,

include. When lowering the anchoring element, the

Shock securing elements then held by the fall-out and at the same time stand beyond the bottom portion of the anchoring element. at Grundüberührung load the Schubsicherungselemente then with their

Dead weight on the bottom of the water and continue until the entire anchoring element reaches its respective equilibrium position. For an advantageous embodiment, the side guides are formed in the contact area to the thrust securing elements in the form of seawater-resistant plain bearings. For this purpose, the side guides themselves and / or passing with the side guides in contact parts of the thrust securing elements are covered with a suitable plain bearing material. For this purpose, in particular the known from the application for stern tubes material combinations in question. A particularly hard-soft pairing has proven to be particularly durable. That is, one of the contact surfaces is covered with a high-strength polymer, such as Orkot®, while the mating surface of a hard material, such as

Stainless steel, exists. By such trained Schubsicherungselemente the essential part of the anchoring element and the

Shock securing elements are made of a concrete material. Fiber concrete is particularly suitable for reasons of strength. By the above-mentioned measure a direct, mutual sliding of the concrete components is avoided. Thus, the wall of the receptacles in the anchoring element can be covered with said plain bearing material, while the thrust securing elements are in the form of steel tubes, which are poured to increase the dead weight with concrete.

For an alternative design, the side guides for the

Thrust securing elements in the form of spaced plates, such as steel, created with through holes, are guided by the thrust securing elements. Particularly advantageously, the thrust securing elements are provided with different cross sections, which are adapted to the dimensioning of the passage openings, that the thrust securing elements are secured against falling out. For a further alternative embodiment, the thrust securing elements are immediately adjacent to each other and have positive contact surfaces, which serve to realize the side guides and allow mutual sliding respectively adjacent thrust securing elements in the direction of free movement provided translational direction. For such a design, it is particularly conceivable to form the thrust securing elements as a matching dimensioned cuboid, which are surrounded by a frame-shaped element, which leads the thrust securing elements laterally against each other. The arrangement is supplemented by a fall protection.

The anchoring element according to the invention can for a first embodiment when stored on a body of water on at least three

Shock securing elements are available. The other elements are freely movable, that is they are not led to an end stop and thus do not take on the weight of the anchoring element. However, due to their intrinsic gravity, they press on an assigned contact point on the bottom of the river and, via the respective lateral guide, absorb the transverse forces acting on the anchoring element.

Alternatively, it is possible to support the anchoring element on another separate component. In the simplest case, this is the load-receiving frame of the anchoring element itself. For further development, the vertical loads are intercepted at support points on which lifting devices for leveling the anchoring element are provided. Such

Embodiment may in particular for the realization of a gravity foundation with an anchoring element according to the invention for establishing a

Serve offshore power generation plant. Accordingly, a centering and guiding aid for securing a hole in the riverbed or to create a monopile foundation can be realized by means of an anchoring element according to the invention.

Hereinafter, the invention will be described with reference to embodiments in

In connection with figure representations explained in more detail, in which in

The following is shown:

Figures la and lb show a cross-sectional view of an inventive

Anchoring element before and after settling on the bottom of the river.

Figures 2a and 2b show an embodiment variant of an inventive

Anchoring element in a representation corresponding to the figures la and lb.

Figures 3a and 3b show another, alternatively designed

Anchoring element in cross-section before and after weaning.

FIG. 4 shows a gravity foundation for an offshore

Energy generation plant with an anchoring element according to the invention in partial sectional view.

FIG. 5 shows a centering and guiding aid for a monopile

Foundation with an inventive

Anchoring element in cross-sectional view.

FIG. 1 a shows a cross-sectional view of an anchoring element 1 according to the invention, which comprises a block-shaped concrete block 11 as ballast weight 2.

Shown is the lowering of a chain 10, which at the side Fastening 9.1, 9.2 is supported. An anchoring element designed in this way is preferably used as a mooring block.

In the concrete block 11, which is preferably designed to accommodate high loads of fiber concrete, recesses are 4.1 - 4.11 for receiving

Thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11 created. The recesses 4.1-4.11 are preferably arranged in the form of a matrix and, for the present embodiment, in the form of passage openings which extend from the top side 38 of the concrete block to the bottom area 39. In this case, the longitudinal axes of the recesses 4.1 - 4.11 are substantially vertical to the bottom surface 39 provided as a standing surface. Alternatively, a certain angle of attack is conceivable, which however is chosen to be steep and preferably <45 ° and particularly preferably <20 °, so that the thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11 overcome the frictional forces in the side guides and extend out of the recesses 4.1 - 4.11 due to their own weight in the intended for lowering orientation.

The thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11 are present in a cylindrical shape and run to a point. Furthermore, they have in the head area on a stop 7, in the form of a relative to the cross section of the recesses 4.1 - 4.11

oversized collar is created and forms a fall out.

As side guides 5 for the Schubsicherungselemerite 3.1 - 3.11 are each the walls of the recesses 4.1 - 4.11, which are positively applied to the lateral surface of the thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11.

In addition, the walls 12 are preferably covered with a plain bearing material 6. This is exemplified by the recesses 4.1 for the

Shove securing element 3.1 shown. The plain bearing material 6 serves the frictional forces between the side guide 5 and the thrust securing element 3.1 - 3.11 to the extent that the weight of the

Thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11 sufficient to extend out of the recess 4.1 - 4.11. In addition, in a constant movement of the

Anchoring element 1 under varying flow conditions or due to wave movements of the abrasion on the thrust securing element 3.1 - 3.11 or on the walls 12 of the recesses 4.1 - 4.11 be reduced.

Figure lb shows the situation after the placement of the anchoring element 1 on the bottom of the water 8. Here, the concrete block 11 rests at the support points 37.1, 37.2 on the bottom of the water 8. In general, at least three support points are present, which is not shown in the schematically simplified cross-sectional view. For the present embodiment, the anchoring element 1 is not supported directly on the thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11. However, these are either in contact with the body of water 8 or are in a final position and are held by the fall-out. The latter case applies to the thrust securing element 3.6. The additional thrust securing elements 3.1-3.5, 3.8-3.11 load with their own weight on the body of water 8 and take an individual position depending on the distance between the bottom portion 29 of the concrete block 11 and the

River bottom 8 a. So they follow the profile profile of the body of water 8 and engage in recesses so that the forces acting on the anchoring element 1 forces do not lead to a shift of the contact points. It is only possible that the concrete block 11 at high shear forces a

Nick movement, which leads to a certain movement of the

Thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11 along the associated side guides 5 leads, without the contact of the Schubsicherungselemente 3.1 - 3.11 is lost at the water body 8 itself. Figures 2a and 2b show a Ausgestaltungsternternative the anchoring element 1 in cross-sectional view before and after settling on the body of water 8. The Schubsicherungselemente 3.1 - 3.7 shown schematically to form the side guide 5 in through holes in a first guide plate 13 and a second guide plate 15, the held parallel to each other, held. The first guide plate 13 and the second guide plate 15 are laterally in the concrete blocks 11.1, 11.2

cast in, which form the essential part of the load weight 2. The arrangement is covered by a cover plate 20, which corresponds to the first guide plate 13 and the second guide plate 15 from a

corrosion-resistant, sufficiently solid material is formed.

For example, these components can be applied as steel plates or as components made of fiber concrete.

For the thrust securing element 3.1 is exemplarily a lower

Through opening 14 in the first guide plate 13 and an aligned upper through opening 16 in the second guide plate 15 applied.

As a result, the thrust securing element 3.1 is guided laterally at a steep angle, preferably <20 ° and particularly preferably substantially perpendicular to the setting direction. In this case, the narrower applied lower cylinder cross-section 17 of the thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11 engages through the lower passage opening 14. However, this is too narrow for the widened, upper cylinder portion 18, whereby a fall-out 36 is realized. The upper cylinder section 18 fits through the further applied upper through opening 16 and is sufficient for the fully extended rest position shown in FIG

Thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11 beyond the second guide plate 15 addition. The projecting part forming a head 19 is rounded, so that when the thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11 are fully retracted, a gentle Sliding the head 19 is ensured on the inside of the overlying cover plate 20.

FIG. 2 b shows the situation of the one deposited on the bottom of the river 8

Anchoring element 1 of Figure 2a. It is evident that the

Sliding elements 3.1 and 3.6 the vertical loads of the

Receive anchoring element 1. Shown are the assigned ones

Support points 37.1, 37.2. A third one necessary for a safe standing

Support point is not shown in the simplified cross-sectional view. The load-receiving thrust securing elements 3.1 and 3.6 are then in each case in the region of its head 19 on the inside of the cover plate 20 at. Lateral forces are at the lower passage opening 14 in the first guide plate 13 and the upper passage opening 16 in the second guide plate 15th

initiated. In the case shown, the additional thrust securing elements 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7 load with their own weight on the body of water 8 and

mediate on the respective side guides 5 in the case of a transverse movement of the anchoring element 1 restraining forces.

Figures 3a and 3b outline a further embodiment of the invention.

The concrete blocks 11.1, 11.2 and the cover plate 20 form part of an upwardly closed frame 40 for precisely fitting

Slide securing elements 3.1 - 3.6. These are designed so that each individual thrust securing element 3.1 - 3.6. a contact surface 21.1, 21.2, 21.3 to an adjacent element which allows a positive sliding in the direction provided for the extension direction, in this case the vertical. For the illustrated embodiment, the thrust securing elements are 3.1 - 3.6 than

cuboid concrete blocks selected. These can be used for abrasion protection with a sliding bearing material, which is not shown in the figure sketch. The individual, initially held by means of a fall-out protection 36 on the cover plate 20 Schubert shear securing elements 3.1 - 3.6 drive at ground contact after discontinuation of the anchoring element 1 on the body of water 8 in

Dependence of the bumps present on the spot. It is apparent that the thrust securing elements 3.1 and 3.5 are guided directly to the cover plate 20 and as a result supporting the anchoring element 1 supporting. The remaining thrust securing elements 3.2 - 3.4 and 3.6 are in one

Intermediate position, each with its own weight on the

The body of water 8 is loaded and the relative position required for this purpose relative to the respectively adjacent thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.6 is effected by sliding along the contact surfaces 21.1 - 21.3. This is the on the

Gewässergrund 8 adapted topology of the base contact points of

Sliding elements 3.1 - 3.6 with the thrust forces on the

Anchoring element 1 can be safely trapped on the side guide 5.

FIG. 4 shows a further development of the invention in the form of a

Gravity foundation 22 for an offshore power plant to which a wind turbine or, as shown here, a tidal turbine can be placed. Shown is a nacelle 27 with a thereto

circulating water turbine 28 and an adjoining

Tower adapter 26 which is placed on the coupling element 25 on the foundation-side support structure 24. According to the invention, the gravity foundation 22 comprises an anchoring element 1 with recesses 4.1 - 4.8 arranged vertically movable

Slide securing elements 3.1 - 3.8. These drive at the filing of the

Gravity foundations 22 on the body of water 8 while maintaining the ground contact and thus form the adapted bottom portion 39 of

Gravity Foundations 22. The gravity foundation is leveled by the lifting devices 23.1 and 23.3, which support the weight force of the gravity foundation 22. Accordingly, the vertically freely movable thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.8 capture a substantial portion of the lateral forces acting on the gravity foundation 22 during operation of the system.

For a further design alternative, the stability of the

Gravity foundations 22 are increased by the fact that a cement mixture to another via a feed channel 35 for filling cavities

Creation step is supplied. For this embodiment serve the

Thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.8 of the initial stability protection at the

Installation until the cement paste has finally hardened. FIG. 5 shows a centering and guiding aid 30 for a bore, for example for forming a monopile foundation. Shown is again a

Foundation element, with a concrete block 11, which serves as a ballast weight 2 and at the same time as a support component. According to the invention arranged on the concrete block 11 thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.8 are applied by means of their own weight in the recesses 4.1 - 4.8 vertically freely movable. These in turn serve to adapt to the course of the body of water 8. After leveling by the lifting devices 23.1, 23.2 can be lowered by the guide tube 31, a drill pipe 32 centered with the drill head 33 in a borehole 34.

Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following claims. It is particularly conceivable, the side guides 5 for the thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11 create so that they extend in an angular position to the setting direction. Furthermore, it is possible to

Define thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11 in different groups, the by their extension direction and by their weight or their extension length or with respect to the design of the Kontaktberei ^' chs to

Distinguish waterbed. Furthermore, the entire outer surface of the anchoring element 1 can be covered with thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11, wherein only a part of the thrust securing elements 3.1 - 3.11 in

Dependence of the deposit direction in contact with the river bottom 8 occurs. As a result, the anchoring element 1 can be placed independently of the direction of the body of water 8, which simplifies the installation.

Anchoring element

ballast weight

Thrust protection element

recess

cornering

plain bearing material

attack

body of water

fastener

Chain

concrete block

wall

first guide plate

lower passage opening second guide plate

upper passage opening lower cylinder section upper cylinder section

head

Cover plate bearing surface

Gravity Foundation

hoist

support structure

coupling element

tower adapter

nacelle water turbine

Offshore power generation plant

Centering and guide assistance

guide tube

drill pipe

wellhead

well

feed

Drop-out safety

support point

top

floor area

frame

Claims

claims

Anchoring element (1) for a hydraulic system with

at least one ballast weight (2) for weighting;

characterized in that

the anchoring element (1) comprises a plurality of thrust securing elements (3.1 - 3.11), which are movably arranged on side guides (5) in the anchoring element (1), so that during the deposition of the

Anchoring element on a body of water (8) the

Thrust securing elements (3.1 - 3.11) on ground contact due to their own weight on the water bottom (8) and weighed individually along the respective side guide (5) move until the

Anchoring element (1) assumes an equilibrium position.

Anchoring element according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the thrust securing elements (3.1 - 3.11) within a

Recess (4.1 - 4.11) in the anchoring element (1) is arranged and the walls (12) of the recesses (4.1 - 4.11) form the side guides (5).

Anchoring element according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the side guides (5) and / or with the

Side guides (5) coming into contact parts of the thrust securing elements (3.1 - 3.11) with a sliding bearing material (6) are occupied.

Anchoring element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least a part of the thrust securing elements (3.1 - 3.11) are in immediate lateral contact with each other, wherein the individual thrust securing elements (3.1 - 3.11) can slide against each other and the side guide (5) through the mutual contact surfaces adjacent to adjacent thrust securing elements (3.1 - 3.11) is effected.

Anchoring element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thrust securing elements (3.1 - 3.11) are secured against falling out of the anchoring element (1).

Anchoring element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring element (1) is at least partially made of fiber concrete.

Anchoring element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchoring element (1) comprises a lifting device (23.1, 23.2) for leveling after settling on the body of water (8).

Hydraulic system with an anchoring element according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydraulic system as

Gravity foundation (22) for an offshore power plant (29) or as a mooring block or as a centering and guiding aid (30) for creating a monopile foundation or for a hole on a body of water (8).