JPS6146791A - Mooring concrete weight for marine moorings - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To secure such a weight as being strong in tensile force toward the side and hard to slip sideward, by installing a downward projection, which sticks in the seabed with its own weight of concrete, in a lower part of the concrete weight provided with a mooring rope setting part at its upper part. CONSTITUTION:A setting part of a mooring rope 2 is attached to an upper part of a concrete block 1 reaching to somewhere around 10m in length, width and height each, while plural downward piles 4 are installed in the lower part, respectively. This pile 4 should be made up in a form capable of sticking in the seabed with dead load of the concrete block 1. Thus, making full use of weight of the concrete block, the pipe is bitten in the seabed with its own weight, so that such a weight as being strong to tensile force to the side and hard to sideslide is securable.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a mooring concrete weight that is sunk into the seabed in order to moor a moored object floating on the sea, such as an offshore power plant, so that it does not flow.

Note that although the term "ocean" or "seafloor" is used here, this does not preclude application to freshwater.

<Prior Art> Conventionally, there are anchors with claws and concrete weights that are sunk to the seabed for mooring moored objects.

In the former case, gripping force is generated only when horizontal tension is applied while the claws are buried in soil. In the latter, Funkri-1
It is possible to stably obtain a gripping force equivalent to the weight of the dust in the water. In other words, if the force acting from the mooring line is a vertical force, the weight of the weight in the water will be the gripping force, and the gripping force for the horizontal force will be the weight multiplied by the coefficient of friction between the bottom of the weight and the seabed. Become. In order to further increase the gripping force of such a weight, it is possible to drive a pile into the weight and fix it to the seabed, but driving a pile at a depth of 300 m or more becomes difficult. Piling work also requires a large amount of cost even in shallow waters.

If you want to use a concrete weight permanently, you may need to drive piles and spend a lot of money, but if the mooring line connected to the weight breaks, there is usually no way to use the weight again. This is a difficult task as it requires connecting the mooring line to a sinker on the ocean floor. Therefore, it is considered appropriate to improve the performance of the weight without piling it as much as possible, and to discard the weight as the mooring line reaches its end of life.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> The immediate purpose of this invention is to construct a power plant that utilizes the temperature difference of seawater in the sea at a depth of 300 m or more, and to moor it so that it does not move when it is floating. Therefore, the goal is to develop an optimal anchor or concrete weight that can be sunk into the ocean floor.

As mentioned above, the anchor has good horizontal gripping force, but it is unsuitable because it has almost no vertical gripping force. However, concrete weights also have problems when used to moor expensive facilities such as offshore power plants. That is, while the vertical gripping force described above can be obtained relatively easily by using large concrete blocks, the horizontal gripping force required to prevent movement cannot be achieved in the same way. Horizontal gripping force is the frictional resistance between the bottom of the concrete block and the ocean floor, so even if a large concrete block is used to increase its own weight, the frictional resistance will not increase much because the area of its base has also increased. . Therefore, the length, width, and height are 10
Even if an offshore power plant is moored with a gigantic concrete weight of about 1.5 m in diameter, if the mooring cable is hit with an upward pulling blade, there is a high risk that the concrete weight will slide on the seabed.

〈Means for solving the problem〉 By analyzing the problem as above, the means to solve it came to light. That is, the purpose of this invention could not be achieved with the conventional anchors and concrete weights, so the focus was focused on a new mooring means that combines the advantages of both and has sufficient vertical and horizontal gripping force. In this way, the following three inventions were obtained.

(1) A concrete block having a mooring cable attachment part at the top and a plurality of downward facing piles or downward protrusions at the bottom, and the piles or protrusions are of a shape and size that can be pierced into the seabed by the weight of the concrete block. A weight for mooring marine moorings, characterized by:

(2) A concrete block having a mooring cable attachment part at the top and a plurality of downward facing piles at the bottom, the piles having a shape and size that can be pierced into the seabed by the weight of the concrete block, and from the hole in the side of the pile to the side. The concrete block has a built-in claw that can protrude toward the mooring cable, and a driving lever therefor, and the concrete block has a built-in operating cable that connects the lower end of the mooring cable, the claw, and the driving lever, and an embedded pipe that passes through the operating cable. Concrete weight for mooring marine moorings.

(3) A concrete block having a mooring cable attachment part at the top and a plurality of downward facing piles at the bottom, the piles having a shape and size that can be pierced into the seabed by the weight of the concrete block, and a pile near the tip of the pile. The concrete mass has a fluid outlet provided to promote sedimentation of the pile, and a fluid supply path in the pile core, and the concrete mass connects a compressed fluid receiving section from the ship and the receiving section and the fluid feeding path. A funclude weight for mooring a marine mooring object, characterized in that it is provided with respective branching paths.

The term "mooring line" here refers to anything in its raw form, including chains. Ropes made of twisted wires are less durable, so chains are usually used.

The piles or protrusions attached to the bottom of the concrete block are used depending on the condition of the seabed. If the seabed is of such soil that a pile can be inserted into it, stakes are used, and if the seabed is hard like bedrock, short protrusions are used. That's what I do.

The stake of invention (2) has a hollow part because it has a built-in claw and a drive lever that directs the claw outward, and the operating cable connected to the drive lever must also be passed through.

By connecting the upper end of the operating cable to the lower end of the mooring cable that is engaged with the attachment part on the top of the concrete block, and connecting the lower end of the operating cable to the claw drive lever, when the mooring cable is pulled up a little from the ship, the operating cable is also pulled up a little, and the claw is driven. A lever is activated to allow the claws to dig into the soil outside the mine. Since it is necessary to have a path for passing the operating cable inside the concrete block, when making the concrete block, embedded pipes are fixed at the required positions and concrete is cast.

Function> The first invention is basic, and although it is a concrete block, it has downward piles or downward protrusions that act like the claws of an anchor, and these are shaped and dimensioned so that they pierce the seabed under the weight of the concrete block. Since then, the horizontal gripping force has increased dramatically.

The second invention incorporates claws that protrude laterally into the pile stuck into the seabed, and when the mooring line is pulled up, the drive lever that is activated by the movement causes the claws to protrude outward from the hole in the side of the pile, and the pile is It dug into the soil around it further.

The third invention is to install a fluid spout near the tip of the pile, and to inject compressed fluid from the ship at high speed from the pile tip via the concrete block reception section, branch path, and feed path in the pile core to remove sediment on the seabed. This helps the pile to enter by loosening or blowing it away.

The soil quality and slope of the seabed are investigated in advance, so if the soil is soft, cylindrical or prismatic piles are used, and if necessary, fluid is injected from the tip of the pile to drive the pile deep into the seabed using its own weight. When the tip of the pile reaches the bedrock, the concrete
The entire weight of the F weight is concentrated at the tip of the pile, creating a large frictional resistance against horizontal force.

If the pile or protrusion does not reach the bedrock of the seabed and remains in soft soil, the weight of the entire concrete weight is
It joins the soft surface layer that supports the lower surface of the lump, and there is a risk of skidding, but because the stakes are stuck in, it prevents skidding like spiked shoes.

Since the force that pulls up the mooring line is directed diagonally upward, a conventional concrete weight would cause it to float and slide sideways. However, since the one with stakes of this invention does not slip, it can be used as a turning force. Even against this turning force, each pile stuck into the ocean floor cannot turn unless it pushes away the soil, creating a large resistance force.

If there is bedrock just below the thin layer of sand on the ocean floor, long piles are not necessary, so concrete piles with downward protrusions are used. As mentioned above, the entire weight of the concrete weight is concentrated at the tip of the downward protrusion, creating a large frictional resistance with the rock surface, and the tip of the protrusion gets caught in the unevenness of the rock, which has the effect of stopping lateral movement. In that sense, it would be even better if a soft material was inserted into the fixing part of the downward protrusion so that it would conform to the unevenness of the rock.

The overall design of the concrete weight depends on its intended use, but at the very least, the weight of the concrete mass underwater causes the piles or protrusions to pierce the seabed (either by penetrating the seabed surface soil and reaching the bedrock, or before reaching the bedrock). The material, shape, and dimensions of the stakes and protrusions must be such that they can be stopped.

It is not necessarily better to increase the number, but the weight of the concrete mass will be distributed accordingly. If it is too small, the effect will be reduced. If made of steel, it won't break easily, but it's more susceptible to corrosion than concrete.

As described above, it is necessary to design a concrete block that takes into account the purpose of the invention and the conditions of use, but in general, the concrete block is made of a steel frame or reinforced concrete, and the steel frame or reinforcing bars are often extended from inside to form the core of the pile or protrusion. It is desirable to wrap the steel material in concrete F to prevent it from coming into contact with seawater as much as possible. The design of the connection between piles and protrusions and the lower surface of the concrete block is particularly important, and requires a shape and construction method that avoids cracking and breakage due to stress concentration. This is because if it breaks, you will want to replace it with a conventional concrete weight.

〈Example〉 Figures 1 and 2 show examples of the present invention, in which a concrete mass reaching around IofrL in length, width and height has an attachment part 3 for a mooring cable 2 at the top, and a plurality of mooring cables 2 at the bottom. It has a downward facing pile. The mooring line λ is in this case a chain. A stake is a square rod with a pointed tip, and is made of steel or reinforced concrete. E is the seabed surface, and since the surface layer is soft, the lower part of the concrete mass L has sunk into the surface layer to some extent.

Since the shape of the downward facing pile is left to the designer, Figure 3 shows an example of a pile that is relatively easy to penetrate and difficult to pull out.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, protrusions k are distributed over the entire lower surface of the concrete mass l instead of piles.

This is an example in which the steel frame and reinforcing bars of the concrete mass, including the core of the protrusion, are organized and the concrete mass and the protrusion are formed simultaneously, but both may be formed and attached separately. For example, a flexible concrete plate with a wire mesh and a group of protrusions may be attached to the concrete mass/lower surface via a soft material such as rubber, so that the protrusion shafts can conform to the irregularities of the rock.

Figure 6 shows an example of how freely the design of the protrusion axis is possible.
This shows a cylindrical concrete block l with a group of protrusions arranged in a ring on the bottom surface.

Figures 7 to 9 show an example of a device having a claw j protruding laterally from the pile, where the claw j is a hole (in this case, a notch) on the side of the pile.
What is the side that is placed and staked? are on the same plane. When the operating cable 7 connected to the ring at the lower end of the mooring cable attached to the attachment part 3 on the upper part of the concrete block l is pulled up, the branch part of the cable 7 is connected to the drive lever l of the left and right pawls 5 of each pile rope (in this case, By pulling up the base of the claw and rotating it around the support shaft 1a, the tip of the claw S is projected outward. -Tan nail! Once protruded, there is no way to return it, so the operating cable 7 may be made of a relatively thin and strong steel wire, and may not be made of a corrosion-resistant material. In order to pass the operating cable 7 from the mooring cable to the inside of each pile, when forming the concrete block, the pipe is fixed at the required position, and the concrete is poured and cured.

The operating cable 7 is passed through the tube. In addition, the stake in this example is a cast product, with cutout holes 6 for claws provided on the left and right sides of the bottom.
Since it is a strong structure in which the upper end collar is connected to the concrete mass/inner steel frame, it has a corrosion-resistant life comparable to that of the mooring cable chain 2.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the third invention, in which the fluid outlet is 9, the fluid feed path in the pile core is 10-1, the compressed fluid receiving part on the concrete block side is //, and the fluid feed path is 10-1. 12 indicates a branching route connecting the supply route 10, 81 indicates a hose lowered into the sea from a ship at sea, and P indicates a pump that pumps seawater.

In theory, the pump P may be replaced with an air compressor.

It is preferable that the connection between the hose ■ and the fluid receiving part // can be removed by operations on board.

Although the embodiments of each invention have been shown above, the embodiments thereof can be varied and applied in a variety of ways depending on usage conditions and using well-known techniques of designers.

<Effects of the Invention> The present invention was developed as a means of mooring moored objects at sea, and as a result of research into conventional anchors and concrete roof quartets, both of them lacked performance, so a completely new mooring weight was developed. It is something.

Conventional anchors are weak when pulled upwards, and concrete brooks are weak when pulled sideways, no matter how heavy they are made. The concrete weight of this invention is made sufficiently heavy to be strong against upward pulling, and by utilizing its weight, it is equipped with a stake or protrusion that can pierce the seabed under its own weight, making it difficult to skid like a spiked shoe.

In addition, when a stake is attached, the stake has a built-in claw that can protrude laterally from a hole on the side and a drive lever for the claw, so that when the mooring line is pulled, the operating cable passed through the Funkley-Y block embedded pipe also moves. After the concrete weight sunk into the ocean floor pierces the pile as far as it can with its own weight, the mooring line is pulled up slightly to move the claw drive lever. It is possible to prevent the pile from escaping by allowing it to bite into the soil.

Furthermore, in the case of a concrete weight with a fluid spout at the end of the pile, the fluid sent from the pump on the ship is violently ejected to separate the earth and sand while the concrete weight sinks under its own weight, making it easy and reliable for the pile to enter. become.

The concrete weight of this invention has a low material cost relative to its weight, can be installed on the seabed by simply letting it sink, and can achieve the above-mentioned effects. This will make a considerable contribution to technological improvement.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 and 2 are an elevation view and a bottom view of an embodiment of the first invention, and Figure 3 is a
The figure is an elevation view of another embodiment in the form of piles, Figure 4.5 is an elevation view and bottom view of an embodiment with projections instead of piles, and Figure 6 is an elevation view of another embodiment. Fig. 7 is an explanatory elevational view of the second invention-embodiment, Fig. 8-9 is an enlarged elevational view and XX sectional view of the pile, and Fig. 10 is an explanatory elevational view of the first embodiment of the third invention. It is a diagram. l...Concrete block, 3...Mooring cable attachment part,
...Pile, --Protrusion,! ...Claw, j...Drive lever, 9...Fluid spout, IO...Fluid feed path, //
...Fluid receiving section, 12... Branch path.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A concrete block having a mooring cable attachment part at the top and a plurality of downward facing piles or downward protrusions at the bottom, where the piles or protrusions have a shape and size that can pierce the seabed under the weight of the concrete block. A concrete weight for mooring marine moorings, which is characterized by the following: (2) A concrete block having a mooring cable attachment part at the top and a plurality of downward facing piles at the bottom, the piles having a shape and size that can be pierced into the seabed by the weight of the concrete block, and holes in the sides of the piles. The concrete block has a built-in claw that can protrude laterally from the mooring cable, and a drive lever therefor, and the concrete block has a built-in operating cable that connects the lower end of the mooring cable, the claw, and the drive lever, and an embedded pipe that passes through the operating cable. Concrete weight for mooring marine moorings. (3) A concrete block having a mooring cable attachment part at the top and a plurality of downward facing piles at the bottom, the piles having a shape and size that can be pierced into the seabed by the weight of the concrete block, and near the tip of the pile. , a fluid spout provided to promote sedimentation of the pile, and a fluid supply path in the pile core, and the concrete mass has a compressed fluid receiving section from the ship, and the receiving section and the fluid feeding path. A concrete weight for mooring a marine mooring object, characterized in that it is provided with respective branch paths connecting the two.