EP2557449B1 - Optical member for three-dimensional video image display and three-dimensional video image display device - Google Patents

Optical member for three-dimensional video image display and three-dimensional video image display device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2557449B1
EP2557449B1 EP11765886.4A EP11765886A EP2557449B1 EP 2557449 B1 EP2557449 B1 EP 2557449B1 EP 11765886 A EP11765886 A EP 11765886A EP 2557449 B1 EP2557449 B1 EP 2557449B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
polarization
polarizing
areas
modulation
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EP11765886.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2557449A4 (en
EP2557449A1 (en
Inventor
Masaru Segawa
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JVCKenwood Corp
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JVCKenwood Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
    • G02B30/25—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using polarisation techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/18—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing
    • G03B35/26—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous viewing using polarised or coloured light separating different viewpoint images
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/324—Colour aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H04N13/337—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using polarisation multiplexing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a 3D image display optical member and a 3D image display device.
  • a 3D image display device including an image generating unit for displaying an image for left eye and an image for right eye on different areas and a polarizing-axis control plate that emits linearly-polarized lights whose polarizing axes of polarized lights incident on two different areas intersect with each other at right angles or circularly-polarized lights whose polarizing axes are rotated in opposite directions (see Patent Documents 1 to 5).
  • Moiré is also called “interference fringes” and means a striped pattern that is visually produced under condition of superimposing multiple repetitive regular patterns, due to shifts in cycle among these patterns.
  • a 3D image display device includes: an image generating unit having an area for generating an image for right eye, an area for generating an image for left eye, pixels with red color filters, pixels with green color filters, pixels with blue color filters and image generating area shading parts provided with black matrixes as lattice-like black patterns among respective color filter areas to prevent color mixing among adjacent red, green and blue pixels and also shade light from a back light thereby improving contrast of an image; and a polarizing-axis control plate having first polarization areas for transmitting the image for right eye, second polarization areas for transmitting the image for left eye after rotating it at a right angle to the polarizing axis and polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts for reducing the occurrence of crosstalk.
  • a glass substrate is arranged to retain the polarizing-axis control plate.
  • These shading parts are separated from each other at a constant distance by this glass substrate. Therefore, from an observer, the image generating area shading parts and the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts in front of the observer appear to overlap each other and do not appear to be separated from each other. Therefore, no moire is produced. However, if the observer observes a device's area far from the front area, the image generating area shading parts and the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts appear as if they were separated from each other. That is, moiré is observed since a shift is produced between the pitches in appearance.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a 3D image display optical member and a 3D image display device both of which can reduce the occurrence of moire.
  • the first 3D image display optical member of the present invention comprises the features defined in independent claim 1.
  • the second 3D image display optical member of the present invention comprises the features defined in independent claim 2.
  • the third 3D image display optical member of the present invention comprises the features defined in independent claim 3.
  • the fourth 3D image display optical member of the present invention comprises the features defined in independent claim 4.
  • the 3D image display device of the present invention comprises the features defined in independent claim 5.
  • the 3D image display optical member and the 3D image display device of the present invention it is possible to reduce the occurrence of moire.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1.
  • the 3D image display device 100 includes a light source 120, an image display unit 130 and a polarizing-axis control plate (3D image display optical member) 180, in order illustrated in Fig. 1 . They are accommodated in a not-shown casing.
  • the image display unit 130 includes a polarizing plate (linearly-polarized light generating unit) 150, an image generating unit 160 and a polarizing plate 170.
  • a polarizing plate linearly-polarized light generating unit
  • an image generating unit 160 and a polarizing plate 170.
  • an observer observes a stereoscopic image displayed on the 3D image display device 100 from a direction of arrow X1 of Fig. 1 (from the right side of the polarizing-axis control plate 180).
  • the light source 120 which is arranged in the innermost side of the 3D image display device 100 when seen from the observer, is a reflection type polarizing plate provided to effectively utilize white unpolarized light or light from the light source transmits light under condition of using the 3D image display device 100 (referred to as "usage state of the 3D image display device 100" below).
  • This polarizing plate transmits light identical to a direction for the polarizing plate 150 and also reflects the other light components for return. Then, the so-reflected light components are reflected in a backlight unit for emission, further polarized by the reflection type polarizing plate and emitted toward a surface of the polarizing plate 150.
  • a surface illuminant is adopted as the light source 120 in the embodiment 1, it may be replaced with a combination of a point light source with a condenser lens instead.
  • a Fresnel lens sheet is available as the condenser lens.
  • the polarizing plate 150 is located on one side of the image generating unit 160, facing the light source 120.
  • the polarizing plate 150 has a transmission axis and an absorption axis intersecting with the transmission axis at right angles.
  • the polarizing plate transmits, of the unpolarized light, a light component having a polarizing axis parallel to the transmission axis and cuts off a light component having a polarizing axis parallel to the absorption axis.
  • the polarizing axis means a vibration direction of electrical field in the light.
  • the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 150 is 45-degree inclined in the upper right or lower left to the horizontal direction on condition that an observer sees the 3D image display device 100, as shown with arrow Y1 of Fig. 1 . Accordingly, the light emitted from the polarizing plate 150 becomes linearly-polarized light having an inclination of 45-degree to the horizontal direction.
  • the image generating unit 160 includes pixels corresponding to red light, green light and blue light, respectively. Further, the image generating unit 160 has right-eye image generating areas 162 each composed of a plurality of pixels and left-eye image generating areas 164 each composed of a plurality of different pixels from those of the right-eye image generating areas 162.
  • the image generating unit 160 such as liquid crystal display elements, serves to optically modulate incident light on the basis of image signals inputted from the outside.
  • the right-eye image generating areas 162 and the left-eye image generating areas 164 are areas obtained by segmentalizing the image generating unit 160 in the horizontal direction, as shown in Fig. 1 . Multiple right-eye image generating areas 162 and multiple left-eye image generating areas 164 are arranged in the vertical direction, alternately.
  • an image for right eye and an image for left eye are generated in the right-eye image generating areas 162 and the left-eye image generating areas 164 of the image generating unit 160 respectively by a right-eye image signal and a left-eye image signal supplied from the outside.
  • the incident light is optically modulated on the basis of the right-eye image signal, so that image light for a right-eye image (referred to as "right-eye image light" for short, below) is emitted from the right-eye image generating areas 162.
  • the incident light is optically modulated on the basis of the left-eye image signals, so that image light for a left-eye image (referred to as "left-eye image light" for short, below) is emitted from the left-eye image generating areas 164.
  • left-eye image light image light for a left-eye image
  • respective polarizing axes are rotated in image light's areas optically-modulated based on the image signals.
  • shading parts called “black matrixes” are arranged to reduce color mixture among red light, green light and blue light
  • image generating area shading parts 163 as band-like black stripes are formed at respective boundaries between the right-eye image generating areas 162 and the left-eye image generating areas 164, horizontally.
  • the polarizing plate 170 is located on one side of the image generating unit 160, facing the observer.
  • this polarizing plate 170 transmits a polarization component of these light components, which has its polarizing axis parallel to the transmission axis, and also cuts off a polarization component having its pluralizing axis parallel to the absorption axis.
  • the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 170 is 45-degree inclined in the upper left and lower right directions to the horizontal direction on condition that the observer sees the 3D image display device 100, as shown with arrow Y2 of Fig. 1 . Accordingly, the light emitted from the polarizing plate 170 becomes linearly-polarized light intersecting with the light emitted from the polarizing plate 150 at right angles and also having an inclination of 45-degree to the horizontal direction.
  • the direction of the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 170 generally identical to the directions of the polarizing axes of the right-eye image light and the left-eye image light emitted from the image generating unit 160, it is possible to improve the brightness of the 3D image display device 100.
  • the polarizing-axis control plate 180 includes a substrate 184, first polarization areas 181 and second polarization areas 182 both formed on the substrate 184.
  • the positions and sizes of the first polarization areas 181 and the second polarization areas 182 correspond to the positions and sizes of the right-eye image generating areas 162 and the left-eye image generating areas 164 of the image generation part 160 respectively, as shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the right-eye image light penetrating through the right-eye image generating areas 162 enters the first polarization areas 181, while the left-eye image light penetrating through the left-eye image generating areas 164 enters the second polarization areas 182.
  • the first polarization area 181 rotates the polarizing axis of the incident right-eye image light to a direction perpendicular to the polarizing axis of the left-eye image light incident on the second polarization area 182 by 90-degrees.
  • the second polarization area 182 transmits the incident left-eye image light as it is without rotating its polarizing axis. Therefore, the polarizing axis of the right-eye image light penetrating through the first polarization area 181 and the polarizing axis of the left-eye image light penetrating through the second polarization area 182 directionally intersect with each other at right angles, as shown with arrows Y3, Y4 of Fig. 1 . Note that, in Fig.
  • the arrows Y3, Y4 shown in the first polarization areas 181 and the second polarization areas 182 of the polarizing-axis control plate 180 represent respective directions of the polarizing axes of the polarized lights passing through respective polarization areas.
  • a plate member made of e.g. low-birefringence transparent glass, low-birefringence resin, etc. or a film member having low birefringence so as not to change the direction of a polarizing axis of incident image light.
  • a half wavelength plate made from birefringent material, having a nature of rotating the direction of a polarizing axis of incident right-eye image light by 90-degrees.
  • the second polarization area 181 there is adopted means of direct transmitting the light without anything on the substrate 184, for the purpose of allowing the incident left-eye image light to be transmitted as it is without changing the direction of its polarizing axis.
  • the polarizing-axis control plate 180 is provided, on its surface facing the image display unit 130, with a strip-shaped polarizing-axis control plate area shading part 183 on one side of the plate 180 facing the image display unit 130, at each boundary between the first polarization area 181 and the second polarization area 182.
  • a strip-shaped polarizing-axis control plate area shading part 183 on one side of the plate 180 facing the image display unit 130, at each boundary between the first polarization area 181 and the second polarization area 182.
  • polarizing-axis control plate 180 in another form of the polarizing-axis control plate 180, as shown in Fig. 2 , there may be adopted a structure including the substrate 184 and the second polarization areas 182 formed on the substrate 184.
  • the above 3D image display device 100 may include a diffusion plate that is arranged on one side of the polarizing-axis control plate 180 facing the observer (on the right side of the polarizing-axis control plate 180 in Fig. 1 ) to diffuse the right-eye image light and the left-eye image light penetrating through the first polarization areas 181 and the second polarization areas 182 to at least one, horizontal direction or vertical direction.
  • a diffusion plate there is used, for instance, either a lenticular lens sheet having a plurality of vault-shaped convex lenses (cylindrical lenses) stretched in the horizontal or vertical direction or a lens array sheet having a plurality of convex lenses arranged in a plane.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the usage state of the 3D image display device 100.
  • an observer 500 views the right-eye image light and the left-eye image light projected from the 3D image display device 100 while putting on polarizing glasses 200.
  • a right-eye image transmission part 232 of the polarizing glasses 200 is located in a position corresponding to a right eye 512 of the observer 500, while a left-eye image transmission part 234 is located in a position corresponding to a left eye 514.
  • the right-eye image transmission part 232 and the left-eye image transmission part 234 are polarizing lenses whose transmission axes are different in direction from each other and which are fixed on a frame of the polarizing glasses 200.
  • the right-eye image transmission part 232 is a polarizing plate whose transmission axis has the same orientation as the right-eye image light penetrating through the first polarization areas 181 and whose absorption axis has an orientation perpendicular to the above transmission axis.
  • the left-eye image transmission part 234 is a polarizing plate whose transmission axis has the same orientation as the left-eye image light penetrating through the second polarization areas 182 and whose absorption axis has an orientation perpendicular to the above transmission axis.
  • polarizing glasses on which a polarization film obtained by uniaxial-drawing a film impregnated with dichroic dye is applied.
  • the observer 500 When viewing the stereoscopic image through the 3D image display device 100, the observer 500 observes the 3D image display device 100 while putting on the polarizing glasses 200 within the emitting range of the right-eye image light penetrating through the first polarization areas 181 and the left-eye image light penetrating through the second polarization areas 182. As a result, the observer can observe only a right-eye image contained in the right-eye image light left by an observer's right eye 512 and observe only a left-eye image contained in the left-eye image light left by an observer's left eye 514. Thus, the observer 500 can recognize these right-eye image and left-eye image in the form of a stereoscopic image.
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a part of the image generating unit 160.
  • the right-eye image generating area 162 and the left-eye image generating area 164 are respectively divided into a plurality of tiny cells in the horizontal direction.
  • Each of these cells constitutes a pixel 360 as a minimum unit, to be optically modulated by an image signal applied from the outside.
  • Each pixel 360 is provided with red, green and blue color filters indicative of three primary colors, providing a red indicating pixel 361, a green indicating pixel 362 and a blue indicating pixel 363, respectively.
  • the red display pixel 361 the green display pixel 362 and the blue display pixel 363 are arranged in this order repeatedly, in the horizontal direction.
  • the image generating area shading part 163 in the form of a black stripe as part of the black matrixes is formed at the boundary part of respective pixels including each boundary between the right-eye image generating area 162 and the left-eye image generating area 164 of the image generating unit 160.
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view illustrating one example of respective sections of the image generating unit 160 and the polarizing-axis control plate 180 in case that neither the image generating area shading part 163 nor the polarizing-axis control plate area shading part 183 is formed.
  • the polarizing-axis control plate 180 is arranged in front of the image generating unit 160 so that the first polarization areas 181 are located ahead of the right-eye image generating areas 162 respectively, while the second polarization areas 182 are located ahead of the left-eye image generating areas 164 respectively.
  • the right-eye image light is emitted from the right-eye image generating area 162. Then, the emitted right-eye image light enters the first polarization area 181 where the vibrating direction of polarization is rotated 90-degrees and thereafter, the right-eye image light reaches the observer 500.
  • the left-eye image light is emitted from the left-eye image generating area 164. Then, the emitted left-eye image light penetrates through the second polarization area 182 and reaches the observer 500.
  • the right-eye image light emitted from the right-eye image generating areas 162 enters the first polarization area 181, while the left-eye image light emitted from the left-eye image generating areas 164 enters the second polarization area 182.
  • the incident light turns to an image captured by the right-eye image transmission part 232 of the observer 500 since the vibrating direction of polarization is rotated 90-degrees.
  • this image is not different from the original right-image image, there is a possibility of causing a problem that the image captured by the observer 500 blurs and the stereoscopic effect becomes unclear, etc.
  • the right-eye image generating areas 162 and the left-eye image generating areas 164 are arranged densely (reduced in width) in order to obtain a clear image.
  • the general first polarization areas 181 and the general second polarization areas 182 are microscopically linear-shaped with each width of approx. 200 ⁇ m, it is very difficult to precisely arrange them at the positioning level of "ten-odd ⁇ m" allowing a displacement of less than 5 %.
  • both the right-eye image light emitted from the right-eye image generating areas 162 and the left-eye image light emitted from the left-eye image generating areas 164 are not parallel lights completely, there is a case that, for example, part of left-eye image light emitted from the vicinity of an upper end of the left-eye image generating area 164 shown in Fig. 5 enters the first polarization area 181 (arrow 10 shown in Fig. 5 ).
  • the left-eye image light emitted from the left-eye image generating area 164 once enters the second polarization area 182 and subsequently enters the first polarization area 181 (arrow 11 shown in Fig. 5 ).
  • This phenomenon is generally called "crosstalk phenomenon".
  • the vibrating direction of polarization of the left-eye image light shown with arrow 11 will be rotated within the range of 0 to 90-degrees. For instance, if it is rotated 45-degrees, the left-eye image light will pass through the right-eye image transmission part 232 and the left-eye image transmission part 234 with light of 50% each.
  • the 3D image display device 100 in accordance with the embodiment 1 includes the polarizing-axis control plate 180 equipped with the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183.
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view illustrating one example of respective sections of the image generating unit 160 and the polarizing-axis control plate 180 included in the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1.
  • the right-eye image generating areas 162 and the left-eye image generating areas 164 are juxtaposed to each other alternately. Further, the image generating area shading part 163 as a black stripe is formed at the boundary between the right-eye image generating area 162 and the left-eye image generating area 164 of the image generating unit 160.
  • the stripe-shaped polarizing-axis control plate area shading part 183 for reducing crosstalk is formed at the boundary between the second polarization area 182 and the first polarization area 181.
  • the image generating area shading parts 163 and the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 are formed by means of printing techniques, photolithographic method, etc. using ultraviolet curing resin or thermosetting resin with the addition of black dye. Normally, the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 are formed so as to be black stripes. Here, there are relief printing, lithography, intaglio printing, mimeograph printing, screen-stencil, offset printing, etc. available for the printing techniques.
  • the observer 500 when viewing the stereoscopic image through the 3D image display device 100, the observer 500 observes the 3D image display device 100 while putting on the polarizing glasses 200 within the emitting range of the right-eye image light penetrating through the first polarization areas 181 and the left-eye image light penetrating through the second polarization areas 182.
  • the observer can observe only a right-eye image contained in the right-eye image light left by an observer's right eye and observe only a left-eye image contained in the left-eye image light left by an observer's left eye.
  • the observer 500 can recognize these right-eye image and left-eye image in the form of a stereoscopic image.
  • a single black stripe is multi-segmentalized into a variety of linear patterns to reduce the occurrence of moire.
  • the linear patterns obtained by multi-segmentalizing the black stripe there are straight lines multi-segmentalized in the vertical direction and aggregation of (rectangular, circular, oblong, polygonal) dots arranged at regular intervals in the horizontal direction.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the image generating unit 160 used for the experiment for investigating the change of moire and the change of light transmission rate.
  • Fig. 7 shows one example of dimensions of the image generating unit 160 included in the 3D image display device 100 having a 61cm (24-inch screen).
  • the right-eye image generating area 162 and the left-eye image generating area 164 of the image generating unit 160 are respectively divided into a plurality of tiny cells in the horizontal direction, so that each of these cells provides any of the red display pixel 361, the green display pixel 362 and the blue display pixel 363. Further, at respective boundaries among the red display pixel 361, the green display pixel 362, and the blue display pixel 363, interpixel shading parts 165 as the black stripes are formed to extend in the vertical direction.
  • the red display pixel 361, the green display pixel 362 and the blue display pixel 363 are 0.06 (mm) each, the interval of the interpixel shading parts 165 adjoining in the horizontal direction is 0.06 (mm).
  • the interval of the interpixel shading parts 165 adjoining in the vertical direction is 0.105 (mm).
  • the red display pixel 361, the green display pixel 362 and the blue display pixel 363 are respectively formed with the interpixel shading parts 165 as the black stripes extending in the oblique direction.
  • the interval of the pixel shading parts 165 adjoining in the oblique direction is 0.06 (mm).
  • the image generating area shading part 163 formed at the boundary between the right-eye image generating area 162 and the left-eye image generating area 164 of the image generating unit 160 has a linewidth of 0.04 (mm).
  • Figs. 8(a) to 8(e) are views showing comparative and experimental examples of linear pattern of the polarizing-axis control plate shading parts 183 in the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 8(a) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction, at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), as the comparative example.
  • Fig. 8(b) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 where respective circles each having a diameter of 0.05 (mm) are arranged regularly in each line, obliquely and horizontally.
  • the horizontal pitch of circles is 0.06 (mm)
  • the vertical pitch is 0.04 (mm).
  • Fig. 8(c) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 where squares of 0.10 (mm) per side are arranged at regular intervals of 0.032 (mm) in each line, in the horizontal direction.
  • Fig. 8(c) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 where squares of 0.10 (mm) per side are arranged at regular intervals of 0.032 (mm) in each line, in the horizontal direction.
  • FIG. 8(d) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 where each line is composed of two straight lines each having a width of 0.049 (mm), extending in the horizontal direction. The interval between two straight lines is 0.032 (mm).
  • Fig. 8(e) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 where each line is composed of three lines in total: two straight lines each having a width of 0.032 (mm) and a single straight line having a width of 0.034 (mm) and interposed between the straight lines in pairs.
  • respective intervals between two adjoining straight lines are 0.016 (mm) each.
  • Figs. 9(a) to 9(e) are views showing experimental examples of linear patterns of the polarizing-axis control plate shading parts 183 in the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 9(a) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising elliptical oblique lines each having a width of 0.035 mm arranged regularly at the pitch of 0.10 (mm) in the horizontal direction.
  • each of the elliptical lines has a projection length of 0.235 (mm) to the horizontal direction.
  • Fig. 9(a) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising elliptical oblique lines each having a width of 0.035 mm arranged regularly at the pitch of 0.10 (mm) in the horizontal direction.
  • each of the elliptical lines has a projection length of
  • FIG. 9(b) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising elliptical lines each having a longitudinal length of 0.135 mm arranged regularly at the pitch of 0.14 (mm) in the horizontal direction.
  • respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm)
  • each line comprising elliptical lines each having a longitudinal length of 0.135 mm arranged regularly at the pitch of 0.14 (mm) in the horizontal direction.
  • FIG. 9(c) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising rectangular oblique lines of 0.035 (mm) per side arranged regularly at the pitch of 0.13 (mm) in the horizontal direction.
  • each of the elliptical lines has a projection length of 0.235 (mm) to the horizontal direction.
  • FIG. 9(d) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising respective pairs of three circles: one great circle having a diameter of 0.095 (mm) and two small circles each having a diameter of 0.035 (mm), the respective pairs of circles being arranged regularly at the pitch of 0.10 (mm) so that the adjoining pairs are oppositely-arranged in the vertical direction alternately.
  • the horizontal interval between two small circles is 0.06 (mm).
  • FIG. 9(e) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.130 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising respective graphic symbols arranged regularly at the pitch of 0.06 (mm) in the horizontal direction.
  • Each graphic symbol is formed by an integration of a single line having a width of 0.05 (mm) with circles each having a diameter of 0.05 (mm) on both sides of the single line in the vertical direction, the single line and the circles being arranged so as to partially overlap each other along the single line.
  • the center-to-center distance between two circles is 0.08 (mm).
  • Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the results of evaluating moiré and light transmission rates about comparative example and experimental examples shown in Figs. 8(a) to 8(e) and Figs. 9(a) to 9(e) .
  • the evaluated values of moiré range are from 0 to 5. Also suppose that, on condition of viewing moire at the front, oblique and vertical observing positions, the smaller the evaluated value gets, the more the moire is difficult to be observed, and the larger the evaluated value gets, the more the moire becomes clear as well.
  • the light transmission rates were obtained by measuring respective transparent plates with the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 with the use of a total-light flux transmittance meter (HR-100 made by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co. Ltd.), and the synthetic judgment was performed based on the sum of evaluated values of moire and the light transmission rate.
  • the synthetic judgment was represented by "O”. If the sum of evaluated values of moiré exceeds 3 and is less than or equal to 5, the synthetic judgment was represented by " ⁇ ”. If the sum of evaluated values of moire exceeds 5 and less than or equal to 7, the synthetic judgment was represented by " ⁇ ". If the sum of evaluated values of moire exceeds 7 and less than or equal to 10, the synthetic judgment was represented by "x”. If the sum of evaluated values of moire exceeds 10, the synthetic judgment was represented by " ⁇ ".
  • the experimental example 2-5 enables the screen to be increased in brightness in comparison with the comparative example and has a greater effect of reducing the occurrence of moire.
  • the optical random nature is produced by changing the linear pattern profiles of the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 to reduce an interference between the image generating area shading parts 163 and the interpixel shading parts 165, it is possible to improve the light transmission rate and reduce the occurrence of moire.
  • Figs. 11 (a) to 11(e) are views showing experimental examples of linear patterns of the polarizing-axis control plate shading parts 183 in the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 11(a) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.160 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising respective circles each having a diameter of 0.06 (mm) arranged regularly in the oblique and horizontal directions.
  • the horizontal pitch of circles is 0.08 (mm)
  • the vertical pitch is 0.05 (mm).
  • 11(b) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.190 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising respective circles each having a diameter of 0.07 (mm) arranged regularly in the oblique and horizontal directions.
  • the horizontal pitch of circles is 0.09 (mm)
  • the vertical pitch is 0.06 (mm).
  • 11(c) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where lines having a width of 0.130 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising three straight lines each having a width of 0.03 (mm), extending in the horizontal direction.
  • the intervals between two lines are 0.02 (mm) respectively.
  • 11(d) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where lines having a width of 0.138 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising five straight lines each having a width of 0.018 (mm), extending in the horizontal direction.
  • all of intervals between two adjoining lines are 0.012 (mm) respectively.
  • 11(e) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where lines having a width of 0.133 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising seven straight lines each having a width of 0.013 (mm), extending in the horizontal direction.
  • all of intervals between two adjoining lines are 0.007 (mm) respectively.
  • Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the results of evaluating moire and light transmission rates about the comparative example shown in Fig. 8(a) and the experimental examples shown in Fig. 11 . Note that the evaluated values of moire and the light transmission rates are similar to the evaluated values of moire and the light transmission rates shown in Fig. 10 , respectively.
  • the sum of evaluated values of moiré is sufficiently lowered and the light transmission rate is sufficiently elevated so as to be sustainable for practical use in the experimental example 1-1 adopting the arrangement of successive circles each having a diameter less than 0.06 (mm), which is smaller than either of the interval between the adjoining image generating area shading parts 163 and the interval between the adjoining interpixel shading parts 165.
  • the evaluated values of oblique moiré in the experimental examples 1-1, 3-2 and 3-3 are “2", “3” and "4" respectively
  • the evaluated value of oblique moiré in the experimental example 2-5 represents a remarkably-small value of "1".
  • a single straight line having a width of 0.05 (mm) interferes the continuity of circles in the oblique direction to enhance the optical random nature, so that the interference between the image generating area shading parts 163 and the interpixel shading parts 165 is reduced.
  • the polarizing-axis control plate area shading part 183 of the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1 is formed so as to contain a plurality of circles each having a diameter smaller than either of the interval between the adjoining image generating area shading parts 163 and the interval between the adjoining interpixel shading parts 165, it is possible to improve the light transmission rate and reduce the occurrence of moire.
  • the polarizing-axis control plate area shading part 183 of the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1 is formed so as to contain a plurality of straight lines each having a linewidth smaller than the linewidth of the image generating area shading part 163, it is possible to improve the light transmission rate and reduce the occurrence of moiré.
  • Figs. 13(a) to (c) are views showing experimental examples of linear patterns of the polarizing-axis control plate shading parts 183 in the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 13(a) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising successive graphic symbols arranged regularly at the pitch of 0.05 (mm) in the horizontal direction, each graphic symbols comprising a single line having a width of 0.05 (mm) and circles arranged on both sides of the single line in the vertical direction and each having a diameter of 0.035 (mm).
  • Fig. 13(a) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising successive graphic symbols arranged regularly at the pitch of 0.05 (mm) in the horizontal direction, each graphic symbols comprising a single line having a width of 0.05 (mm) and circles arranged on both sides of the single line in the vertical
  • FIG. 13(b) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.130 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising successive rectangular holes, 0.03 (mm) on a side each, arranged regularly at the pitch of 0.06 (mm) in the horizontal direction.
  • Fig. 13(c) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.140 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising successive rectangular holes arranged at random, 0.035 (mm) on a side each.
  • the random arrangement means that the rectangular holes are outlined on the black background, at the rate of 25% per unit area.
  • Fig. 14 is a diagram showing the results of evaluating moire and light transmission rates about the comparative example shown in Fig. 8(a) and the experimental examples shown in Fig. 13 . Note that the evaluated values of moiré and the light transmission rates are similar to the evaluated values of moire and the light transmission rates shown in Fig. 10 , respectively.
  • the sum of evaluated values of moiré in the experimental example 5-2 represents a remarkably-small value of "2.5", allowing the occurrence of moiré to be further reduced in comparison with the experimental example 2-5.
  • the light transmission rate represents a large value of "63", so that the brightness of the screen is further increased in comparison with the experimental example 2-5.
  • the polarizing-axis control plate area shading part 183 of the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1 is formed so as to contain at least one straight line having a width smaller than either of the interval between the adjoining image generating area shading parts 163 and the interval between the adjoining interpixel shading parts 165 and a plurality of circles arranged along the straight line on the boundary's side and each formed with a diameter smaller than either of the interval between the adjoining image generating area shading parts 163 and the interval between the adjoining interpixel shading parts 165, the optical random nature is produced to reduce interferences with the image generating area shading parts 163 and the interpixel shading parts 165. Thus, it is possible to improve the light transmission rate and reduce the occurrence of moire.
  • Figs. 15(a) to 15(e) are views showing experimental examples of the linear patterns of the polarizing-axis control plate shading parts 183 in the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 15(a) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each line comprising successive rectangles arranged in respective lines regularly in the vertical and horizontal directions, the rectangle being 0.1 (mm) on each horizontal side and 0.135 (mm) on each vertical side.
  • the interval between the adjoining rectangles is 0.05 (mm).
  • 15(b) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each rectangle in each line being shifted from a vertically-adjoining rectangle by only 0.015 (mm) in the horizontal direction, the rectangle being 0.1 (mm) on each horizontal side and 0.135 (mm) on each vertical side.
  • the interval between the adjoining rectangles is 0.05 (mm).
  • 15(c) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each rectangle in each line being shifted from a vertically-adjoining rectangle by only 0.03 (mm) in the horizontal direction, the rectangle being 0.1 (mm) on each horizontal side and 0.135 (mm) on each vertical side.
  • the interval between the adjoining rectangles is 0.05 (mm).
  • 15(d) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each rectangle in each line being shifted from a vertically-adjoining rectangle by only 0.05 (mm) in the horizontal direction, the rectangle being 0.1 (mm) on each horizontal side and 0.135 (mm) on each vertical side.
  • the interval between the adjoining rectangles is 0.05 (mm).
  • 15(e) shows the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 constructed by the linear pattern where respective lines each having a width of 0.135 (mm) are arranged parallel to one another in the horizontal direction at the pitch of 0.27 (mm), each rectangle in each line being shifted from a vertically-adjoining rectangle by only 0.075 (mm) in the horizontal direction, the rectangle being 0.1 (mm) on each horizontal side and 0.135 (mm) on each vertical side.
  • the interval between the adjoining rectangles is 0.05 (mm).
  • Fig. 16 is a diagram showing the results of evaluating moire and light transmission rates about the comparative example shown in Fig. 8(a) and the experimental examples shown in Fig. 15 . Note that the evaluated values of moire and the light transmission rates are similar to the evaluated values of moire and the light transmission rates shown in Fig. 10 , respectively.
  • Fig. 17 is a diagram showing the results of crosstalk ratios with respect to each view angle about the comparative example shown in Fig. 8(a) , the experimental example 1-1 shown in Fig. 8(b) and the experimental example 5-2 shown in Fig. 13 (a) .
  • Fig. 1 although the embodiment 1 has been described while providing the illustration of both the right-eye image generating areas 162 and the left-eye image generating areas 164 in the form of horizontally-segmentalized areas in the image generating unit 160, they may be comprised of vertically-segmentalized areas in the image generating unit 160, as shown in Fig. 18 . Then, it is necessary to modify the drive circuit for the image generating unit 160 and also change the compartmental direction between the first polarization areas 181 and the second polarization areas 182 to a vertical direction.
  • the right-eye image generating areas 162 and the left-eye image generating areas 164 of the image generating unit 160 may be formed in a lattice manner by compartmentalizing the unit 160 vertically and horizontally, as shown in Fig. 19 .
  • the polarizing-axis control plate 180 has to be formed in a lattice manner, corresponding to the image generating unit 160.
  • the embodiment 1 has been illustrated by an example of the 3D image display device 100 having a 61cm (24-inch screen), the screen size of the invention is not limited to only this size. For instance, also in the 3D image display device 100 having a 94cm (37-inch screen), it is possible to improve the optical transmission ratio and reduce the occurrence of moire similarly.
  • the invention has been described by an example of the 3D image display device 100 where when right-eye image light and left-eye image light enter the first polarization areas 181 and the second polarization areas 182 respectively, the polarizing-axis control plate 180 emits the incident right-eye image light and the incident left-eye image light in the form of linearly-polarized lights having polarizing axes at right angles to each other.
  • the present invention is not limited to only this device.
  • the embodiment 2 will be described by an example of a 3D image display device 102 where when right-eye image light and left-eye image light enter the first polarization areas 181 and the second polarization areas 182 respectively, a polarizing-axis control plate emits the incident right-eye image light and the incident left-eye image light in the form of circularly-polarized lights whose polarizing axes are rotated in opposite directions to each other.
  • Fig. 21 is an exploded perspective view of the 3D image display device 101 of the embodiment 2.
  • the 3D image display device 101 includes a polarizing-axis control plate 185 in place of the polarizing-axis control plate 180 of the 3D image display device 100.
  • This polarizing-axis control plate 185 includes a substrate 184 and first polarization areas 186 and second polarization areas 187 both formed on the substrate 185.
  • the position and size of the first polarization areas 186 and the second polarization areas 187 correspond to the position and size of the right-eye image generating areas 162 and the left-eye image generating areas 164 of the image generation part 160 respectively, as similar to the position and size of the first polarization areas 181 and the second polarization areas 182 of the above polarizing-axis control plate 180. Therefore, in the usage state of the 3D image display device 101, the right-eye image light penetrating through the right-eye image generating areas 162 enters the first polarization areas 186, while the left-eye image light penetrating through the left-eye image generating areas 164 enters the second polarization areas 187.
  • the first polarization area 186 emits the incident right-eye image light in the form of right-handed circularly-polarized light
  • the second polarization areas 187 emits the incident left-eye image light in the form of left-handed circularly-polarized light.
  • arrows Y5, Y6 of the polarizing-axis control plate 185 designate respective rotating directions of the polarized lights penetrating through this polarizing-axis control plate 185.
  • the first polarization areas 186 there are used, for example, quarter wavelength plates having optical axes extending in the horizontal direction.
  • the second polarization areas 187 there are used, for example, quarter wavelength plates having optical axes extending in the vertical direction.
  • the first polarization area 186 and the second polarization area 187 are respectively divided into a plurality of tiny cells in the horizontal direction, similarly to the first polarization area 181 and the second polarization area 187 of the above polarizing-axis control plate 180.
  • the observer 500 When viewing the 3D image display device 101 equipped with the polarizing-axis control plate 185, the observer 500 puts on polarizing glasses having quarter wavelength plates and polarizing lenses arranged in respective positions corresponding to the right eye 512 and the left eye 514 respectively.
  • the quarter wavelength plate arranged in the position corresponding to the right eye 512 of the observer 500 has an optical axis extending in horizontal direction
  • the quarter wavelength plate arranged in the position corresponding to the left eye 514 of the observer 500 has an optical axis extending in vertical direction.
  • the polarizing lens arranged in the position corresponding to the right eye 512 of the observer 500 and the polarizing lens arranged in the position corresponding to the left eye 514 of the observer 500 have their transmission axes extending 45-degrees oblique right together when viewed from the observer 500 and their absorption axes intersecting with the transmission axes at right angles.
  • the circularly-polarized light when circularly-polarized light whose polarizing axis is rotated right-handed in a view from the observer 500 enters the polarizing glass corresponding to the right eye 512 of the observer 500, the circularly-polarized light is converted to linearly-polarized light of 45-degrees oblique right by the above quarter wavelength plate having its optical axis extending in the horizontal direction and thereafter, the resultant polarized light penetrates through the above polarizing lens into the right eye 512 of the observer 500.
  • the observer can observe only a right-eye image contained in the right-eye image light left by the observer's right eye 512 and observe only a left-eye image contained in the left-eye image light left by the observer's left eye 514.
  • the observer 500 can recognize these right-eye image and left-eye image in the form of a stereoscopic image.
  • the 3D image display device 101 of the embodiment 2 since it includes the first polarization areas 181, the second polarization areas 182 and the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 each arranged at the boundary between the first polarization area 181 and the second polarization area 182, respective areas of different optical transmission ratios appear at random, so that moiré between the image generating area shading parts 163 and the interpixel shading parts 165 is reduced in contrast between moires' black portions and white portions, allowing the occurrence of moiré to be reduced.
  • the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1 is constructed so that the first polarization area 181 and the second polarization area 182 of the polarizing-axis control plate 180 coincide with the right-eye image generating area 162 and the left-eye image generating area 164 of the image generation part 160 in terms of their positions and sizes, the invention is not limited to only this arrangement.
  • the embodiment 3 will be described by an example of a 3D image display device 102 where the polarizing-axis control plate 180 is arranged so that the positions and sizes of the first polarization area 181 and the second polarization areas 182 correspond to the positions and sizes of the right-eye image generating area 162 and the left-eye image generating area 164 of the image generation part 160, depending on a distance from the device up to the position of an observer.
  • Fig. 22 is a constitutional view showing the constitution of the 3D image display device 102 of the embodiment 3. Note that, in the 3D image display device 102 shown in of the embodiment 3, elements identical to those of the 3D image display device 100 of Fig. 1 are indicated with the same reference numerals respectively, and their descriptions are eliminated in what follows.
  • the 3D image display device 102 includes a polarizing-axis control plate 190 in place of the polarizing-axis control plate 180 of the 3D image display device 100.
  • the polarizing-axis control plate 190 includes the substrate 184 (not shown), first polarization areas 191 and second polarization areas 192 both formed on the substrate 185 (both not shown) and polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 193 each arranged at the boundary between the first polarization area 191 and the second polarization area 192.
  • the polarizing-axis control plate area shading part 193 has the same constitution as the polarizing-axis control plate area shading part 183 included in the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1.
  • the first polarization areas 191, the second polarization areas 192 and the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 193 of the polarizing-axis control plate 190 are arranged so that the image generating area shading parts 163 and the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 193 overlap each other in a view from the observer.
  • the image generating area shading parts and the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts appear to overlap each other.
  • the observer performs the observation in a position closer to or further from the 3D image display device 102 than the position P the image generating area shading parts and the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts will appear to be shifted from each other.
  • the 3D image display device 102 of the embodiment 3 it includes the first polarization areas 181, the second polarization areas 182 and the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183 each arranged at the boundary between the first polarization area 181 and the second polarization area 182, as similar to the 3D image display device 100 of the embodiment 1.
  • respective areas of different optical transmission ratios appear at random, so that moire between the image generating area shading parts 163 and the interpixel shading parts 165 is reduced in contrast between moires' black portions and white portions, allowing the occurrence of moiré to be reduced.
  • the polarizing-axis control plate area shading parts 183, 193 may be formed by a variety of techniques, such as photolithography method.
  • Figs. 23 illustrated one example of ink flow when adopting the segmentation pattern of the experimental example 1-1.
  • Fig. 23(A) is an enlarged view of dots of Fig. 8(b) , showing the design status.
  • Fig. 23(B) is an enlarged view of dots formed under the condition of Fig. 23(A) actually.
  • Fig. 23(B) in case of printing with the use of the linear pattern of the experimental example 1-1 shown in Fig. 23(A) , the dots are connected with each other, so that spaces centrally located in a dot row are occupied by ink.
  • the polarizing-axis control plate area shading part 183 is not printed uniformly since the connected part resulting from the ink flow has a film thickness smaller than that of a dot part. Accordingly, the optical random nature of transmissive light is maintained to bring about a similar effect.

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US20130027773A1 (en) 2013-01-31
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