EP2553402A1 - Capteur de débit massique et procédé de détermination de débit massique dans un tuyau - Google Patents

Capteur de débit massique et procédé de détermination de débit massique dans un tuyau

Info

Publication number
EP2553402A1
EP2553402A1 EP11714215A EP11714215A EP2553402A1 EP 2553402 A1 EP2553402 A1 EP 2553402A1 EP 11714215 A EP11714215 A EP 11714215A EP 11714215 A EP11714215 A EP 11714215A EP 2553402 A1 EP2553402 A1 EP 2553402A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass flow
wall
sensor
chamber
wall element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11714215A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Holger Neumann
Rajini Kumar Ramalingam
Manfred SÜßER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Original Assignee
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT filed Critical Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Publication of EP2553402A1 publication Critical patent/EP2553402A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/28—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow by drag-force, e.g. vane type or impact flowmeter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor for determining the mass flow of a fluid (mass flow sensor), a pipe, which is equipped with such a mass flow sensor, and a method for determining the mass flow of a fluid in a pipe.
  • JP 2005003535 A discloses an optical device for determining t ' the direction or velocity of a flow, which is based on the fact that an element, to which a glass fiber with an FBG sensor is applied, is deformed by the hydraulic pressure.
  • the disadvantage of this is that a significant hydraulic pressure is formed only in a liquid, so that the device is not suitable for the investigation of gas flows.
  • this device requires a deformable element, which is a major disadvantage, especially at high temperature changes, in which the material properties of this element change significantly, and at low temperatures, since there barely deformable materials exist.
  • the sensor is in the flow, resulting in a higher pressure loss compared to a smooth pipe or channel flow.
  • Another disadvantage is that the sensor detects the flow characteristic Karman vortex by means of an FBG sensor, so that it can not be distinguished whether the change in length of the flow meter due to the change in flow resistance or only due to a change in temperature.
  • JP 2007017337 A describes a device for determining the flow velocity, which is based on the measurement of the dynamic pressure, which presses on a wall element, wherein the FBG sensor is located in an airtight chamber.
  • a disadvantage of this is that the measuring arrangement must be flown, so that it is not suitable for the investigation of an internal flow and thus not readily as a mass flow sensor. Installation in a pipe would lead to a considerable pressure loss. Since the sensor is located in an airtight chamber, the temperature correction refers only to the temperature-dependent elongation of the glass fiber.
  • GB 2454613 A discloses a glass fiber with at least one FBG sensor which is introduced into the flow.
  • one or more flow-shaped elements in particular spheres or ellipsoids, are firmly connected to the glass fiber.
  • the device is a kind of string of pearls, which is introduced into the flow.
  • the disadvantage of this is that the reinforced glass fiber must be introduced into the flow, whereby an additional pressure loss is formed. Compared to a liquid flow number or size of the flow-shaped elements must be increased in a gas flow, whereby the pressure loss further increases.
  • a further disadvantage is that it can not be distinguished here as well whether the stretching of the glass fiber takes place due to the change of the flow resistance or a temperature change.
  • US 6, 408, 698 Bl discloses an electronic sensor which is inserted into the wall and determines the resulting forces of the flow via stretchable connections by means of an electronic sensor.
  • the disadvantage of this is that its signal changes due to electromagnetic fields, which requires a calibration of the sensor in the magnetic field in relation to the size and relative orientation of the sensor to the magnetic field.
  • Each individual sensor must be calibrated for its particular application in order to take into account manufacturing tolerances. Especially when used under cryogenic temperatures with externally impressed magnetic fields this calibration effort is considerable.
  • micro-resonators As well as the technically demanding coupling between microresonator and glass fiber result in each sensor being a unique specimen to be calibrated.
  • size of the microresonator is crucial in terms of signal quality.
  • US Pat. No. 7,168,311 B2 and US Pat. No. 6,426,796 B1 each disclose a sensor which is introduced into a wall and which detects the resulting forces of the flow via a deflection by means of an optical sensor by means of interferometry.
  • the disadvantage of this is that here, too, the mechanical stress of the rod to bend on the one tem depends on the body and on the other depends on the purity and structure of the material.
  • the interferometric measurement is based on the fact that a beam is emitted to a plate and the reflected beam causes interference with the emitted beam, wherein the plate is connected to the bar bending due to the wall shear stress.
  • the plate which receives the Wandschubspan-voltage, does not move parallel to the flow direction, but is correspondingly transverse. An incident beam on the underside of this plate is then no longer normally reflected (180 °), but experiences an angle deviating from 180 °. This behavior can only be ignored in an extremely small angular range, which considerably limits the range of application of the device in flows. Furthermore, this type of construction of the device makes the highest demands in terms of manufacturing tolerances.
  • the object of the present invention to provide a sensor for determining the mass flow of a fluid (mass flow sensor), a tube, which is equipped with such a mass flow sensor, and a method for determining the mass flow of a fluid in a pipe, the disadvantages mentioned and do not have limitations.
  • a mass flow sensor which operates reliably in the environment of strong electromagnetic fields, is suitable both for gases and for liquids even at very low temperatures, in particular in cryotechnology, and not in The mass flow must be introduced in order to avoid a pressure drop in the flow.
  • the purity or structure of the material selected for the ei ⁇ tual detection element in the mass flow sensor play no role in order to allow that as only as possible a prototype must be calibrated and this calibration is then applicable for each identical sensor.
  • a pipe, a pipe section, a channel or a channel piece which is equipped with such a mass flow sensor, be provided, which has means for flanging into a pipe or in a channel system.
  • a method for determining the mass flow of a fluid in a tube is provided, with which a change in length of a glass fiber can be clearly attributed to the change of a flow-mechanical property of the mass flow and length changes due to a temperature change of the mass flow or the environment can be excluded.
  • a sensor according to the invention for determining the mass flow of a fluid contains a movable wall element which can be inserted (integrated) into a section of a wall of a pipe or channel through which a mass flow flows.
  • the mobility of the wall element is given by the fact that one or more gaps are present between the wall element and the wall of the tube into which the wall element is inserted or integrated.
  • At the outside of the movable wall element facing away from the mass flow at least one expandable connection is provided in a chamber closed off from the surroundings.
  • a joint is said to be stretchable if a shear stress applied thereto produces a measurable strain.
  • the material used for this purpose may neither embrittle nor tear. As a result of this condition, for example, rubber is not suitable for use at cryogenic temperatures.
  • the at least one expandable connection is in each case attached both to the wall element and to a wall of the chamber and in each case clamped between the two attachment points.
  • each of the at least one stretchable connection is fixed to a wall of the chamber by means of a first tensioning device and to the movable wall element by means of a second tensioning device and clamped between the wall element and the wall of the chamber by means of a slight bias.
  • the at least one strain gauge is in each case mounted on that part of the at least one expandable connection which is clamped between the wall of the chamber and that of the movable wall element.
  • a plurality of expandable connections are provided, which are each provided with at least one strain gauge are each attached to a separate first clamping device on a wall of the chamber. In this way, the sensor works regardless of the direction of the mass flow.
  • At each of the at least one expandable connection at least one strain gauge is applied or applied to that part of the expansible connection which is clamped between the wall of the chamber and the wall element.
  • At least one temperature sensor is provided which is attached to a portion of the expansible connection which does not exist between the wall of the chamber and the transducer element. ment is clamped. Since this further portion of the expandable joint remains independent of a change in length which causes the shear stress of the fluid in the flow in the portion of the glass fiber clamped between the wall of the chamber and the wall member, it remains possible for at least one further strain gauge to be at least provide a temperature sensor and in this way to determine the temperature in the sealed chamber over the change in length of this portion of the expandable connection.
  • At least one glass fiber is used as a stretchable connection
  • at least one fiber Bragg grating sensor (FBG sensor) is provided as a strain gauge and applied or applied to the at least one glass fiber.
  • at least one further FBG sensor is mounted as a temperature sensor on the portion of the glass fiber which is not clamped between the wall of the chamber and the wall element.
  • Fiber Bragg gratings are optical interference filters inscribed in an optical waveguide so that wavelengths that are within a filter bandwidth are reflected. Thus, these grids are suitable as sensors for both strain and temperature, each based on a change in the reflected wavelength.
  • the pipe contains one or more openings (bores) connecting the inside of the pipe to the chamber , Through this at least one gap and / or the at least one opening, a part of the mass flow from the tube enters the chamber, whereby the same temperature prevails in the chamber as in the mass flow. In this way, the accuracy of the temperature measurement is significantly increased.
  • the invention further relates to a tube, which is understood as a piece of pipe, a channel or a channel piece, which with a provided mass flow sensor according to the invention.
  • the tube has means for flanging into a pipe or channel system.
  • the tube has one or more openings (holes) that connect the inside of the tube with the chamber.
  • the invention relates to a method for determining the mass flow in a pipe.
  • the tube is flowed through by a mass flow of a fluid which exerts a shear stress on the movable wall element.
  • the strength of this shear stress is preferably proportional to the size of the mass flow.
  • the shear stress calls for a change in the length of the one or more stretchable joints, i. the one or more glass fibers, which are clamped between the outside of the wall element facing away from the mass flow and a wall of the chamber.
  • the change in length of the stretchable connections is in each case detected by means of at least one FBG sensor, which is attached to or applied to the respective expandable connection. After a previous calibration, the size of the mass flow can be determined from this.
  • a preferably very small portion of the mass flow is introduced through the at least one gap between the wall member and the wall of the pipe and, if present, through at least one additional opening in the pipe into the chamber.
  • This ensures that the same temperature prevails in the chamber as in the mass flow, so that the temperature of the mass flow can be determined via a temperature sensor.
  • preference is given to the change in length of a further section of at least one glass fiber, which does not exist between a wall of the chamber and the wall element is clamped, by means of a mounted thereon strain gauge in the form of an FBG sensor determined. In this way, a proportion of the change in length of the one or more expandable compounds, ie glass fibers, which is due to a change in temperature and not on the effect of the shear stress, calculate out.
  • the invention has in particular the advantages mentioned below.
  • the mass flow sensor according to the invention is independent of the magnitude of the hydraulic pressure and therefore enables the determination of the mass flow in both liquid and in gas flows.
  • the mass flow sensor according to the invention there is no additional pressure loss compared to a pipe or channel flow, since the movable wall element which receives the shear stress of the flow is inserted into the wall of the pipe or pipe section.
  • the mass flow sensor according to the invention avoids pressure loss by avoiding any internals that could lead to additional pressure loss compared to a smooth pipe or channel flow. Rather, the movable wall element of the disclosure is merely moved by the wall shear stress, which occurs anyway in the pipe or channel. So here is not the back pressure, but the wall shear stress is the actual input for the determination of the size of the mass flow.
  • the mass flow sensor according to the invention provides information as to whether the length of glass fiber has actually changed as a result of the change in the flow resistance of the mass flow to be investigated and not also due to a temperature change. This information is provided by determining only the temperature with another FBG sensor. On the one hand, this also measures the absolute temperature of the flow of the mass flow and, secondly, the change in length due to the influence of temperature is clearly detected here, as a result of which the measurement results are obtained. are much more accurate.
  • the strain gauges are exposed directly to the flow temperature via gaps and / or openings, so that not only a correction of the temperature-dependent elongation of the glass fiber takes place, but also a correct measurement of the absolute temperature.
  • the measurement of the absolute temperature is necessary for the determination of the density of the fluid, which is needed to determine the size of the mass flow.
  • mass flow sensor according to the invention is independent of the properties of the materials used for this purpose.
  • the figure shows a section of a pipe 1 which is separated from a mass flow 2 from a fluid, i. a gas or a liquid is flowed through.
  • a movable wall element 3 which has an inside facing the mass flow 2 and an outside facing away from the mass flow 2.
  • a glass fiber as a stretchable connection 4 which has both a first fiber Bragg grating as a strain gauge 5 and a second fiber Bragg grating as a temperature sensor 6 attached ,
  • the first fiber Bragg grating as a strain gauge 5 is mounted on that part of the glass fiber as a stretchable connection 4, which is located between the first tensioning device 7 and the second tensioning device 8; while the second fiber Bragg grating is used as the temperature sensor 6 is mounted on a non-clamped portion of the glass fiber as a stretchable connection 4.
  • a small part of the mass flow 2 penetrates through the gap 11 between the movable wall element 3 and the remaining wall of the tube 1 and possibly also through additional holes 10 in the tube 1 in the sealed against the environment chamber 9, so that there the same temperature as prevails in the mass flow 2, which can be determined by a change in length of the corresponding portion of the glass fiber as a flexible connection 4 by means of the second fiber Bragg grating, which serves as a temperature sensor 6, the temperature of the mass flow 2.
  • the first fiber Bragg grating as a strain gauge 5 undergoes a change in length (contraction or dilation) due to the temperature change, which depends on the temperature of the mass flow 2 and / or due to the tensile force exerted by the wall element 3 on the glass fiber as a stretchable connection 4.
  • the tensile force is created by the shear stress (wall friction), which exerts the fluid of the mass flow 2 on the movable wall element 3.
  • the shear stress that the fluid exerts on the wall here depends proportionally on the mass flow 2.
  • the magnitude of the change in length of the first fiber Bragg grating as a strain gauge 5 due to the thermal contraction or thermal dilation can be determined by the value of the temperature, which was determined with the fiber Bragg grating, which serves as a temperature sensor 6, so that finally the traction and thus the height of the
  • the mass flow sensor according to the invention was constructed and installed by means of flanges in a tube. From a compressed gas cylinder, a nitrogen flow was generated. The mass flow change produced in this way caused a change in the wavelength of the light backscattered on the fiber Bragg grating. An assignment of measured wavelength change to determining mass flow is based on a still too successful calibration. If the fluid, temperature and pressure are known, the viscosity can simply be determined by a substance database for a person skilled in the art, so that the calibration must be carried out only once later. With known bias of the fiber, a sensor can later resort to this known calibration and does not need to be recalibrated.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un capteur destiné à déterminer le débit massique d'un fluide (capteur de débit massique), qui comprend un élément de paroi (3), pouvant être inséré dans une découpe aménagée dans une paroi d'un tuyau (1) qui est apte à être traversé par un courant (2), au moins une fente (11) restant entre ledit élément de paroi et la paroi du tuyau (1), et contre la face extérieure, opposée au courant (2), dudit élément de paroi (3), au moins une fibre de verre, servant de connexion expansible (4), étant disposée dans une chambre (9) fermée à son environnement extérieur, connexion qui est serrée entre l'élément de paroi (3) et une paroi de la chambre (9), au moins un capteur à réseau de Bragg sur fibre (capteur FBG), servant de dilatomètre (5), étant prévu sur la partie de la connexion expansible (4) qui est serrée entre la paroi de la chambre (9) et l'élément de paroi (3). L'invention porte en outre sur un procédé pour la détermination du débit massique (2) d'un fluide dans un tuyau (1), le fluide exerçant une contrainte de cisaillement sur un élément de paroi mobile (3), dont l'épaisseur dépend de l'importance du débit massique (2), au moyen de laquelle la longueur d'une connexion expansible (4), qui est serrée entre la face extérieure de l'élément de paroi (3) et une paroi de la chambre contiguë (9), se modifie, et la variation de longueur de la connexion expansible (4) est détectée à l'aide d'un dilatomètre (5) qui lui est rapporté, ce en conséquence de quoi la valeur du débit massique est déterminée. Pour éviter une perte de charge, le capteur de débit massique n'est pas inséré dans le courant, et convient à des gaz et des liquides, même à des températures basses, ainsi que dans l'environnement de champs électromagnétiques intenses. Un prototype ne doit être étalonné qu'une fois, et cet étalonnage est ultérieurement utilisable pour tous les capteurs de structure analogue.
EP11714215A 2010-03-26 2011-03-17 Capteur de débit massique et procédé de détermination de débit massique dans un tuyau Withdrawn EP2553402A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010012924A DE102010012924B4 (de) 2010-03-26 2010-03-26 Massenstromsensor und Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Massenstroms in einem Rohr
PCT/EP2011/001312 WO2011116899A1 (fr) 2010-03-26 2011-03-17 Capteur de débit massique et procédé de détermination de débit massique dans un tuyau

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2553402A1 true EP2553402A1 (fr) 2013-02-06

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11714215A Withdrawn EP2553402A1 (fr) 2010-03-26 2011-03-17 Capteur de débit massique et procédé de détermination de débit massique dans un tuyau

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8746079B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2553402A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010012924B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011116899A1 (fr)

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GB201207714D0 (en) * 2012-05-02 2012-06-13 Univ Heriot Watt Microwave cavity sensor
NO20140689A1 (no) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-04 Roxar Flow Measurement As Cutoff regulator
CN105352558B (zh) * 2015-10-22 2019-03-29 哈尔滨工业大学 一种井下光纤涡街流量计
CN106053877A (zh) * 2016-07-30 2016-10-26 无锡乐华自动化科技有限公司 一种流速传感器
CN110006496A (zh) * 2019-04-26 2019-07-12 南京溯极源电子科技有限公司 一种基于齿轮组的水流量测量装置及方法
CN110554211B (zh) * 2019-08-06 2022-07-26 清华-伯克利深圳学院筹备办公室 一种基于光微流微腔的流速计及测量方法
CN110864641A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2020-03-06 天津大学 一种海洋平台飞溅区光纤光栅应变传感器的防护装置
US11473275B2 (en) * 2020-06-01 2022-10-18 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Pipeline pressure testing accounting for measurement uncertainties

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102010012924A1 (de) 2011-09-29
WO2011116899A1 (fr) 2011-09-29
US20130014594A1 (en) 2013-01-17
US8746079B2 (en) 2014-06-10
DE102010012924B4 (de) 2013-03-28

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