EP2544819A2 - Lewis-säure lösungen in sauerstoffdonorhaltigen lösemittel oder lösemittelgemisch - Google Patents
Lewis-säure lösungen in sauerstoffdonorhaltigen lösemittel oder lösemittelgemischInfo
- Publication number
- EP2544819A2 EP2544819A2 EP11708050A EP11708050A EP2544819A2 EP 2544819 A2 EP2544819 A2 EP 2544819A2 EP 11708050 A EP11708050 A EP 11708050A EP 11708050 A EP11708050 A EP 11708050A EP 2544819 A2 EP2544819 A2 EP 2544819A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- asymmetrically substituted
- solution according
- lewis acid
- hydrocarbons
- oxygen donor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
- B01J31/0204—Ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
- B01J31/28—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper
- B01J31/30—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/06—Boron halogen compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/10—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G9/00—Compounds of zinc
- C01G9/04—Halides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
- B01J2231/324—Cyclisations via conversion of C-C multiple to single or less multiple bonds, e.g. cycloadditions
- B01J2231/326—Diels-Alder or other [4+2] cycloadditions, e.g. hetero-analogues
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
- B01J2231/34—Other additions, e.g. Monsanto-type carbonylations, addition to 1,2-C=X or 1,2-C-X triplebonds, additions to 1,4-C=C-C=X or 1,4-C=-C-X triple bonds with X, e.g. O, S, NH/N
- B01J2231/341—1,2-additions, e.g. aldol or Knoevenagel condensations
- B01J2231/342—Aldol type reactions, i.e. nucleophilic addition of C-H acidic compounds, their R3Si- or metal complex analogues, to aldehydes or ketones
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4205—C-C cross-coupling, e.g. metal catalyzed or Friedel-Crafts type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/20—Complexes comprising metals of Group II (IIA or IIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/26—Zinc
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/30—Complexes comprising metals of Group III (IIIA or IIIB) as the central metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/84—Metals of the iron group
- B01J2531/842—Iron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/90—Catalytic systems characterized by the solvent or solvent system used
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2204—Organic complexes the ligands containing oxygen or sulfur as complexing atoms
- B01J31/2208—Oxygen, e.g. acetylacetonates
Definitions
- the invention relates to Lewis acid solutions in asymmetrically substituted ethers or in solvent mixtures containing asymmetrically substituted ethers and hydrocarbons, the preparation of the solutions according to the invention and the use of the solutions in the inorganic, organic and organometallic synthesis.
- the invention furthermore relates to solutions of the halide compounds of elements from the 8th and 13th group of the Periodic Table of the Elements in asymmetrically substituted ethers or in mixtures of asymmetrically substituted ethers and hydrocarbons.
- Lewis acids find numerous applications in the field of chemical synthesis. By adding Lewis acids, for example in Diels-Alder reactions, radical-mediated reactions, Friedel-Crafts alkylations or acylations or aldol reactions, the yield of a synthesis reaction can be increased and optionally the regio-, enantio- or diastereoselectivity of the corresponding reaction can be controlled ( Yamamoto, Lewis Acids in Organic Synthesis, Wiley-VCH, 2000, Volume 1 and 2, and citations therein).
- Lewis acids find applications in the preparation of organometallic compounds, elemental hydrogen compounds (EH X ), elemental hydrogen compounds, metal element hydrides, and complex metal hydrides, such as in the preparation of copper or organozinc compounds, alan (AIH 3 ), chloralanines (AIH X CI (3 -X )) zinc borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride (P. Knöchel, P. Jones in Organozinc Reagents (editors: LM Harwwod, CJ Moody), Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 1999, and citations therein; C. Eischenbroich, A.
- a further area of application is CC coupling reactions catalyzed by Lewis acids (M.Nakamura, S. Ito, K. Matsuo, E. Nakamura, Synlett., 2005, 11, 1794; A. Mariestner, G. Seidel, DE-A-10355169).
- Solid halogen-containing Lewis acids are usually extremely corrosive and hygroscopic. The problem is therefore the dosage of these solids in the chemical synthesis, since this must be done with exclusion of air and moisture. The adhesion of these compounds to the materials used is also problematic because it causes corrosion and wear.
- the Lewis acids are hydrolyzed on contact with water or atmospheric moisture to release hydrogen halide. The hydrolysis reduce the yield of the reactions, interfere with subsequent reactions, for example by reducing the stereoselectivity, and must be separated consuming. Another disadvantage is that the finely powdered solids can cause burns to the mucous membranes and respiratory tract of the staff.
- halogen-containing Lewis acids dissolve in diethyl ether in high concentrations.
- solubility of aluminum trichloride in diethyl ether at 25 ° C about 55 weight percent (wt .-%), of zinc dichloride, the solubility at 25 ° C is about 50 wt .-%.
- diethyl ether on an industrial scale is due to its low boiling point (34.6 ° C) and the associated high vapor pressure (443 mm Hg, 20 ° C), the low flash point (-40 ° C), the low ignition temperature (1 60 ° C) and the high explosiveness (lower explosion limit 1, 8%, upper explosion limit 48%) problematic.
- a further disadvantage is that diethyl ether is highly prone to the formation of highly explosive peroxides.
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- the solubility of halogen-containing Lewis acids is often low. Very large volumes must be used for a reaction which minimize the space-time yield and render the synthesis uneconomical. For example, the solubility of zinc dichloride at 25 ° C in THF is only about 20% by weight.
- Lewis acids form poorly soluble chelate complexes or decompose with solvents containing more than one donor atom.
- aluminum trichloride with 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1,2-DME) forms an insoluble complex of the composition [(1,2-DME) 3 Al] [CI] 3.
- Attempts to dissolve aluminum trichloride in diethoxymethane result in decomposition of the solvent to form ethoxychloromethane.
- 1,2-DME the solubility of zinc dichloride at 25 ° C is only about 1% by weight.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the object of the present invention is to provide concentrated solutions of Lewis acids in an aprotic, oxygen donor-containing solvent, or mixtures thereof with hydrocarbons, which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
- Another object of the invention is to provide solutions of Lewis acids in aprotic, oxygen donor-containing solvents, or mixtures thereof with hydrocarbons, in which these compounds are predominantly monomeric to a high percentage.
- Another object of the invention is to provide solutions of Lewis acids in oxygen donor-containing solvents, or their mixtures with hydrocarbons, which have poor miscibility with water.
- the object is surprisingly achieved by Lewis acids which are dissolved in aprotic, asymmetrically substituted, oxygen donor-containing solvents of the general formula I.
- R 1 R 2 and R 1 , R 2 u ntig each other H, or a functionalized or an unfunctionalized branched or unbranched alkyl, alkyloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl or a Aryloxy be used with 1 -12 C-atoms.
- R 1 H, R 2 ⁇ H.
- R 1 and R 2 are: H, methyl, methoxy, methylmethoxy, ethyl, ethoxy, methylethoxy, n-propyl, propoxy, methylpropoxy, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, terf- Butyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, n-heptyl, iso-heptyl, n -octyl, isooctyl, 2-ethyl-1-hexyl, 2,2,4- Trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, n-dodecyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, methylcyclohexyl, vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propen
- Lewis acids are also present in mixtures of solvents according to the invention with hydrocarbons, for example benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, cyclohexane, heptane, n-hexane, methylcyclohexane or cumene, preferably toluene , solve in high concentration.
- hydrocarbons for example benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, cyclohexane, heptane, n-hexane, methylcyclohexane or cumene, preferably toluene , solve in high concentration.
- aprotic, asymmetrically substituted, oxygen donor-containing solvents according to the invention or their mixtures with hydrocarbons are distinguished by excellent solubility for Lewis acids, in particular halogen-containing Lewis acids.
- Lewis acids within the meaning of the invention are molecules, salts or ions which can act as electron pair acceptor with respect to other particles to form a covalent bond.
- Preferred are halides of the 8th, 12th and 1 3rd group of the Periodic Table of the Elements, particularly preferred are the chlorides of boron, zinc and iron.
- the aprotic, asymmetrically substituted, oxygen donor-containing solvents according to the invention are also characterized by a higher boiling point compared with diethyl ether.
- the danger of forming an explosive atmosphere on an industrial scale is thus reduced.
- tetrahydro-2-methylfuran has a boiling point of 77 to 79 ° C.
- a further advantage of the solutions according to the invention of Lewis acids in aprotic, asymmetrically substituted, oxygen donor-containing solvents or in mixtures with hydrocarbons is that, for example, lithium halides or even magnesium halides are poorly soluble in these solvents.
- the solubility of lithium chloride in tetrahydro-2-m ethylfu ran at 25 ° C n u r 0, 05 mmol / g.
- the aprotic, asymmetrically substituted, oxygen donor-containing solvent or mixtures of inventive aprotic, asymmetrically substituted, oxygen donor-containing solvent with Coals of hydrogen are placed in a reactor.
- a Lewis acid is introduced either in one portion or in several portions or by continuous conveyance, for example via a screw conveyor with stirring. The mixture is then stirred until the required amount of Lewis acid is dissolved or until it has completely dissolved.
- a Lewis acid is initially charged and the aprotic, asymmetrically substituted, oxygen donor Lettele or their M ischung m with hydrocarbons - or separated from each other an aprotic, asymmetrically substituted, oxygen donor solvent and hydrocarbons - added and stirred until the desired amount of Lewis acid has dissolved or it has completely dissolved.
- undissolved solid content is separated by decantation, centrifugation or filtration.
- the process is preferably carried out at temperatures between -78 ° C and the boiling point of the solvent or the solvent mixture.
- the proportion of hydrocarbon in the product solution is preferably between 0.1% by weight and 70% by weight.
- the manipulations preferably take place in the absence of air in an inert gas atmosphere, preferably in an Ar or N 2 atmosphere.
- solutions according to the invention are suitable for use in synthetic chemistry, organic chemistry and organometallic chemistry, in particular for: - Lewis acid catalyzed reactions;
- the solvent is introduced into a reactor under an inert gas atmosphere.
- the addition of the Lewis acidic salt is carried out under stirring due to the exothermic nature of the dissolution process in portions under inert gas conditions at the indicated temperatures.
- Technical salts and solvents were used.
- the slightly cloudy solution is clear filtered.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010002811 | 2010-03-12 | ||
| PCT/EP2011/053788 WO2011110691A2 (de) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-03-14 | Lewis-säure lösungen in sauerstoffdonorhaltigen lösemittel oder lösemittelgemisch |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2544819A2 true EP2544819A2 (de) | 2013-01-16 |
Family
ID=44359823
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11708050A Ceased EP2544819A2 (de) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-03-14 | Lewis-säure lösungen in sauerstoffdonorhaltigen lösemittel oder lösemittelgemisch |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130142721A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2544819A2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN102939156A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102011005499A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2011110691A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2935420C (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2022-10-25 | Rockwood Lithium GmbH | Method for producing aprotic solutions that contain zinc bromide and lithium bromide |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1471056B1 (de) * | 2002-01-10 | 2012-07-11 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Verfahren zur herstellung einer kondensierten imidazolverbindung, reformatskyreagens in stabiler form und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
| DE10355169A1 (de) | 2003-11-26 | 2005-06-23 | Studiengesellschaft Kohle Mbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von substituierten Arylverbindungen |
| EP1902061B1 (de) * | 2005-07-01 | 2009-12-30 | Dr Reddy's Laboratories (Eu) Limited | Verfahren zur herstellung von diphosphin-ruthenium-diamin-komplexen |
| CN101300192B (zh) * | 2005-09-01 | 2014-10-15 | 凯密特尔有限责任公司 | 氢化铝锂溶液 |
| WO2009114313A2 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-17 | International Partnership For Microbicides | Methods for synthesizing antiviral compounds |
| CN101643439A (zh) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-10 | 浙江九洲药业股份有限公司 | 一种乙基甲基胺甲酰氯的制备方法 |
-
2011
- 2011-03-14 EP EP11708050A patent/EP2544819A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2011-03-14 US US13/634,327 patent/US20130142721A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-03-14 DE DE102011005499A patent/DE102011005499A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-03-14 WO PCT/EP2011/053788 patent/WO2011110691A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2011-03-14 CN CN2011800136044A patent/CN102939156A/zh active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2011110691A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20130142721A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
| DE102011005499A1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
| WO2011110691A3 (de) | 2011-11-10 |
| WO2011110691A2 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
| CN102939156A (zh) | 2013-02-20 |
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