EP2541562A1 - Electromagnet and locking unit with same - Google Patents

Abstract

The electromagnet (10) has an anchor (12) which is movably mounted in armature chamber (13). An anchor rod (16) is rigidly connected to armature. A return element (21) is provided on outer side of electrical conducting wire carrying coil (11). A resetting device (20) is positioned in outside of the armature chamber. The armature is moved along axial direction, when the current is applied against the force of a return spring (40). An independent claim is included for locking device.

Description

The invention relates to an electromagnet or a locking unit with electromagnet, wherein the electromagnet is a coil of electric current conducting wire-carrying coil and a movably mounted in an armature space Anchor, wherein the armature when energized against the force of a return spring is movable.

From the prior art is the European patent application 2 033 859 known. Here, a locking device for a shaft of a steering system of a vehicle with an electromagnet is described, in which a blocking element, which is actuated by electromagnets, is acted upon in such a way that the shaft can be secured releasably releasably on a vehicle-fixed component. There are proposed energy storage for automatic locking of the shaft in case of malfunction of the steering system, these energy storage are designed as coil springs.

The redundant design with (at least) two energy stores results in high reliability and reliability of the entire locking device or the electromagnet. The solutions according to the prior art require a corresponding design, since the provided return springs claim corresponding volume of construction and may also be arranged spatially spaced from each other, so as not to interfere with each other. It should be noted that the similar design of this energy storage inherently carries the risk that a mechanical overload, which has destroyed a first spring, possibly also destroyed the second spring. Such an arrangement is therefore not suitable in special stress situations to provide a sufficiently high level of safety, in particular when the overload is prolonged and similar and therefore has already destroyed a first return spring.

The object of the present invention is to improve the state of the art.

This object is achieved in that it is assumed by an electromagnet as described above, which is particularly suitable for a locking device, wherein the electromagnet in addition to the mechanically acting return spring has a magnetically acting return device.

The invention further proposes a redundant embodiment of the return mechanisms or energy storage and combines the mechanically acting return spring with a magnetically acting return device. Due to the redundant design (optionally, of course, several magnetically acting restoring devices can be combined alone or with a mechanically acting return spring), a higher level of reliability is achieved because in the failure of a return spring nor the return device is present, or vice versa, the return spring is still used if malfunctions should occur in the magnetically acting reset device. The fact that the mechanisms of action of the two return arrangements (return spring or return device) are fundamentally different - one works due to the mechanically acting resilient property of a return spring, the magnetically acting restoring device takes advantage of attractive or repulsive magnetic forces - does not necessarily lead to high stress or destruction in case of overload both return mechanisms. If necessary, a high switching frequency mechanically loads a return spring mechanically considerably, whereas the magnetically acting reset device is hardly loaded! As a result, a significant improvement in the reliability of the electromagnet according to the invention on the one hand, but also the equipped with the electromagnet locking devices on the other hand is achieved.

An essential aspect of the invention is that in a suitable magnetic or magnetizable Materials or components are combined. In this case, on the one hand permanent magnets together with permanent magnets, on the other hand, but also permanent magnets together with ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials used. Also, a coupling of each ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials is possible with each other.

A preferred embodiment of the electromagnet provides that the direction of action of the return spring and the effective direction of the return device are rectified after switching off the current flowing through the coil electric current. This embodiment leads to an addition of the restoring forces and thus substantially improves the function of the restoring device. In addition, it is thus also guaranteed that if one of the two systems fails, for example failure of the mechanically acting return arrangement, its function can be taken over by the magnetically acting return arrangement. This redundancy in the system also improves its operational reliability and reduces the probability of failure.

In an embodiment which is regarded as advantageous, it is provided that the restoring spring and the restoring device form or represent redundant energy stores which are charged with energy in the energized position of the electromagnet. After switching off the power, the energization or the release of energy from the energy storage causes an automatic movement of the armature and possibly carried by the armature or moving elements in a previously defined reset position.

In a variant of the invention it is provided that the restoring device of a fixed to the electromagnet with respect to the movable armature return element and a moving on the armature or moved by the armature with the first return element cooperating second return element is formed. The restoring elements are preferably formed ferromagnetic, ferromagnetic or permanent magnetic.

Of course, a combination of permanent magnet restoring elements with resetting elements formed from ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials is also possible. If one of the reset elements is made available, for example, by a permanent magnet and the restoring element cooperating with this is formed from a ferromagnetic material, then the attraction force of the permanent magnet causes a movement of the ferromagnetic restoring element. The same applies if the fixed restoring element is formed from ferromagnetic material, while the movable return element is designed as a permanent magnet. In this case, each of the equipped with the corresponding return element part of the return device is moved by the magnetic forces.

In a further variant, the clever arrangement of the poles or restoring elements is used to ensure the movement of the restoring elements. The movement is realized in this case due to the repulsion or attraction forces of the magnets used and of the armature or the elements arranged thereon.

As low is considered when the first and second return element are arranged in opposition or opposition to each other. In order to effect the movement of the armature in the reset position after switching off the electromagnet, in this case the orientation of the poles is chosen so that they have either the same or an opposite orientation in the first and second return element. By acting on the electromagnet first and second return element and thus the poles are shifted relative to each other. After falling of the electromagnet, the movement of the Anchor either by the repulsion forces of the same or the attraction of different poles.

With regard to the arrangement of the return elements results in a variety of ways. In a preferred embodiment it is provided that at least one of the return elements, but preferably both, are arranged in or on the armature space or within the coil. Such an arrangement realizes easy installation of the electromagnet. At the same time, it is possible for the magnetic return elements used to use the same components for guiding their magnetic field lines, which also conduct the magnetic field when the coil is energized. It should be noted that under certain circumstances, the magnetic field lines in the energized and non-energized state just run the other way around.

In addition to the arrangement on or in the armature space or within the coil of course there is also the possibility that the restoring elements are provided outside the coil or the armature space. The restoring elements can in this case be provided, for example, in a space traversed by the armature or an element arranged there by the armature. While one of the return elements is arranged stationary, the other return element is movable, in particular formed or arranged movable due to the movement of the armature. During a movement of the armature, the first return element is thus moved relative to the second return element. In this case, in particular when using combinations of permanent magnets and ferromagnetic materials several positioning options are conceivable. On the one hand, the permanent-magnetic restoring element can be made stationary and, on the other hand, the restoring element formed of the ferromagnetic material can be designed to be movable. Equally possible and includes the arrangement of a movable permanent-magnet reset element and in contrast, a fixed, that is, stationary arranged return element made of a ferromagnetic material.

In the abovementioned arrangements of the restoring elements, in a further variant, it is additionally possible to arrange the second restoring element seated on the armature rod on the outside of the spool, in particular surrounding it annularly. The polarity (N - S) is, for example, parallel (axially) to the direction of movement of the armature. In this case, it is also provided that one of the restoring elements is formed by the magnetic core itself, while the second restoring elements is provided on the armature or on the anchor rod and interacts with the first restoring element formed by the magnetic core. It can be provided that the magnetic core is formed from a soft magnetic or ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material.

In the fallen state of the electromagnet or the coil, the magnetic system of the magnetic return device dominates the magnetic circuit, which is completely superimposed by the action of the current flowing coil when the solenoid is turned on, that is attracted. A particular advantage consists in the fact that the magnetic core is so used twice, namely on the one hand to guide the magnetic field lines when the coil current and the formation of the return element as part of the magnetically acting return device.

If an arrangement of the second restoring element is provided on the outside of the coil, then this can be arranged surrounding the coil in particular annularly. Alternatively, the arrangement of magnetic or magnetizable material sections or ring segments can be provided.

Alternatively, there is the possibility, or it is considered favorable, if the second return element on the inside of the coil, that is in the armature space, is provided. For this purpose, it can come to an interaction with the first armature arranged at the return element. By shifting or displacement of the return elements in the coil or the armature space, the construction dimension of the electromagnet can be substantially reduced, but the function provided according to the invention is fully retained. Also in the aforementioned embodiment, there is the possibility that the second return element is annular and is arranged on the inside of the coil in the armature space. The annular return element encloses the armature, which carries the first return element. This is due to the mobility of the armature in the armature space also movable and positioned relative to the second return element.

In a development of the electromagnet according to the invention which is regarded as favorable, provision is made for the armature to carry or move an anchor rod protruding from the armature space. This anchor rod favorably carries the first return element, while the second return element is fixedly arranged in a space or region surrounding the protruding anchor rod. By movement of the anchor rod mediates over the armature then a relative movement of the first to the second restoring element is achieved, which then allows a displacement of the anchor rod in the return position when the electromagnet is re-energized.

The electromagnet according to the invention has to guide the magnetic field generated by the coil when current is applied to a magnetic core, which consists of preferably soft magnetic or ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetischem material. This magnetic core has a penetration opening in the region of the armature space for the anchor or the anchor rod on. It is regarded as advantageous in this context if the environmental edge of the penetration opening forms the second restoring element, or carries it. In this case, the property of the soft magnetic, that is made of ferromagnetic material existing magnetic core can be exploited. Due to ferromagnetic properties, there is an interaction of the second return element, formed from the magnetic core and the first return element, for example, formed from a arranged on the armature or the anchor rod permanent magnet, which then causes the return of the electromagnet after the end of the current application.

In addition to the possibility that the environmental edge of the penetration opening forms the second return element, of course, the environmental edge of the penetration opening may carry the second return element, as provided in particular in a preferred embodiment of the invention. Here, the second return element, for example in the form of a permanent magnet or the like is used at the edge of the environment. The second return element may be formed or inserted or arranged in the form of a ring magnet or an arrangement of one or more magnetic elements or segments at the penetration opening or the environmental edge.

The invention equally includes a locking device for the releasable fixing of a first component relative to a second component. The two components are movable relative to each other in an unlocked position of the locking device. After detachable fixing of the first component relative to the second component, this mobility is no longer given. At least one component carries an electromagnet as described above. This electromagnet is arranged in or on the first component. The anchor rod or an actuated by the anchor or the anchor rod locking element, for example, a locking rod, a locking element such as a pawl or the like cooperates in the locking position with the second component. This interaction takes place in particular form-fitting. That is, a locking element or the like, for example, engages in a corresponding receptacle on the second component and thereby causes the locking.

In a preferred embodiment of the locking device, this is used in a steering system. The invention thus comprises the locking device as described above for a steering system or a steering system, which is equipped with such a locking device or is able to cooperate with this. The steering system is preferably provided as a steering system of a vehicle. The locking device makes it possible to detachably connect a movable, in particular rotatable, shaft of the steering system, which represents a first component in the sense of the invention, to the vehicle or to a second component firmly connected to the vehicle. Here, a positive engagement of the locking device or on parts of the locking device is provided with the second component. By this definition, a determination of the first component takes place automatically on the second component. The determination can cause a complete blocking of the mobility of the first component relative to the second component. Alternatively, there is also the possibility that the mobility or the range of motion of the first component relative to the second component of the steering system is limited by the engagement of the locking device, but not completely prevented. Here, for example, the steering movement of the steering system can be restricted or by unlocking the locking device an additional movement space of the steering system are released.

Fig. 1a, 1b

in einer seitlichen Schnittdarstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Elektromagneten im abgefallenen (stromlosen) Zustand (Fig. 1a) beziehungsweise in angezogener (strombeaufschlagter) Stellung (Fig. 1b)

Fig. 2 bis 11

bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Elektromagneten jeweils in seitlicher Schnittdarstellung

In the drawings, the invention is shown schematically in embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1a, 1b

in a side sectional view of the electromagnet according to the invention in the fallen (de-energized) state ( Fig. 1a ) or in attracted (current-charged) position ( Fig. 1b )

Fig. 2 to 11

preferred embodiments of the electromagnet according to the invention in each case in a sectional side view

In the figures, the same or corresponding elements are denoted by the same reference numerals and therefore, if not appropriate, will not be described again.

Fig. 1a shows an electromagnet 10 according to the invention. The structure of the electromagnet 10 is well known. A yoke-like or cup-shaped magnetic core 17 carries the coil 11, which receives the windings of electric current flowable wire. The magnetic core encloses at least partially, as well as the coil 11, the armature space 13, in which an armature 12 is mounted longitudinally or axially movable. The magnetic core 17 is formed in several parts, for assembly purposes, the cup-shaped base body 17/1 is closed by a cover part 17/2. The cover part 17/2 also simultaneously carries the penetration opening 18, through which in the embodiment shown here at least a part of the armature 12 protrudes, wherein the armature 12 carries on its side facing away from the coil, the anchor rod 16. By the movement of the armature 12 and the anchor 12 rigidly connected to the anchor rod 16 further functions are achieved. It is of course also possible that the armature 12 or the anchor rod 16 on a, in particular with the armature 12 or the anchor rod 16 is not rigidly connected ("flying") element continues to act.

The in Fig. 1a shown solenoid 10 is shown in the de-energized state. This means that the armature 12 has been moved to a locking position to the left due to the restoring spring 40 inherent restoring force. The return spring 40 is located on the armature space floor 13/1 and is in the armature space floor 13/1 a. The air gap 13/2 is overcome upon application of the coil 11 with current from the armature 12 and closed until the armature surface 12/1 rests on the armature space floor 13/1 or on the disc 50 disposed thereon or touches it.

In addition to the return spring 40, the electromagnet 10 or the electromagnet 10 containing or having locking device 30 has a magnetically acting further return device 20. This return device 20 is in the embodiment according to Fig. 1a outside the armature space 13 of the electromagnet 10 is arranged. The return device 20 is formed here with a first return element 21 and a second return element 22. While the first restoring element 21 is arranged stationary in a first component 31 of the locking device 30, the second restoring element 22 is movable relative to the first restoring element 21 on the anchor rod 16 and, due to the movement of the armature 12, can be displaced relative to the first restoring element 21 , The anchor rod 16 is a part of a first component 31 of a locking device 30. The second component 32 is in Fig. 1a also shown. This has a recess 34 into which engage a projecting part of the anchor rod 16 and thus can cause the lock.

In the embodiment of Fig. 1a is the first, fixed return element 21 formed of a ferromagnetic material. The second, sitting on the anchor rod return element 22 is formed by a permanent magnet. The ferromagnetic material constituting the first return element 21 may, after the magnetic field of the electromagnet 10 is scraped off, interact with the second return element 22 constituted by or formed by a permanent magnet. That is, the ferromagnetic material attracts the movable permanent magnet and thereby moves the armature. As a result, the magnetically acting restoring device 20 is actuated and a locking of the first component 31 and the second component 32 is performed. The restoring or locking movement of the restoring device 20 is supplemented by the return spring 40, which likewise causes a similar movement of the armature 12 and the adjoining armature rod 16 in the axial direction 100. The return spring 40 is inserted in the armature space floor 13/1 or at the yoke of the electromagnet 10 and is supported on the armature 12 from. During operation of the electromagnet 10, the return spring 40 is fully inserted into the armature chamber floor 13/1 and thereby tensioned. After dropping the armature 12, the relaxation of the return spring 40 leads to a displacement of the armature 12 in the axial direction 100 in a return or locking position. There are thus a total of two systems, one due to the return spring 40, mechanically movable and another, due to the magnetically acting return device 20, magnetically acting system available.

This results in a redundancy or a synergy effect of the two systems, the proper locking or function of the return device 20 ensured. The operational area of in Fig. 1a The use of electromagnets 10 is not limited to use in a locking device 30. Conceivable is the use in other, regarded as advantageous and inexpensive devices in which a provision or shipment of elements is provided in a reset position as soon as a drop of the armature 12 from the electromagnet 10 takes place. It is conceivable, for example, the use in security systems in which there is a shutdown of systems due to the mechanical or magnetic reset, which is necessary if, for example, a power failure or the like occurs.

The restoring elements 21, 22 are arranged outside the coil 11 or the armature space 13. The polarity of the second restoring element 22 is in this case arranged so that the south pole is oriented in the axial direction (relative to the movement 100) facing the armature space 13 or the coil 11, while the north pole is at the end facing away from the coil 11 or the armature space 13 of the permanent magnet is arranged. It is clear that the arrangement of the poles can of course be the other way around, of course, both variants are part of the invention.

In the de-energized state of the electromagnet 10 is formed between the bottom of the armature space 13 and the armature 12 due to the displacement of the armature 12, a gap or air gap 13/2. At the bottom of the armature space 13 also a disc 50 is provided from non-magnetizable material. This prevents the armature 12 in the de-energized state due to the magnetization of the magnetic core 17 in the in Fig. 1b shown position remains, for example, when the magnetization of the magnetic core 17 and the magnetic force applied here is greater than that Restoring force of return spring 40 and return device 20. This may for example be the case when the return spring 40 fails and a return movement can only be realized by the function of the magnetic return device 20. If a complete tightening and displacement of the armature 12 had taken place here on the magnetic core 17, there would be the possibility that a return to the reset position is no longer possible solely due to the magnetically acting return device 20. The disc 50 may also be formed as an O-ring or the like. In addition to the separation, an attenuation of the armature movement can also be achieved via the disk or the ring, in particular when the disk or the ring is designed to be elastic, for example as a plate or disk spring or from an elastic material. The disk 50 preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, particularly preferably between 0.1 and 0.2 mm.

Fig. 1b shows the related to in Fig. 1a described electromagnet 10 in the energized state. Here, the armature 12 is moved in the armature space 13 and the return spring 40 tensioned. Simultaneously with the displacement of the armature 12, a displacement of the anchor rod 16 in the axial direction 101 takes place. It comes due to the movement of the armature 12 to unlock the locking device 30, the projection or the anchor rod 16 is removed from the recess 34 in the second component 32 and release this. Due to the displacement of the armature 12, there is also a displacement of the second restoring element 22 provided on the anchor rod 16 relative to the first restoring element 21. This increases the restoring force.

The restoring forces that occur are thus lower than the magnetic force applied by the electromagnet 10, a displacement of the armature 12 causing. Only after the end of the Current application of the electromagnet 10, the return device 20 is brought into the locking position, this being realized due to the restoring force of the return spring 40 together with the restoring force of the permanent magnet.

Fig. 2 shows a further preferred embodiment of the electromagnet 10 according to the invention. Here, the elements of the electromagnet 10 substantially correspond to those in connection with the Fig. 1a and 1b described elements. In contrast to the aforementioned figures, a first restoring element 21, which is provided fixedly in the locking device 30 or the restoring device 20, is formed by a permanent magnet which is polarized axially (all axial notches relate to the effective direction 100 of the restoring spring 40 or device 20) On the anchor rod 16, a second return element 22 is provided, which is formed of a ferromagnetic material.

It follows that the second restoring element 22 or the ferromagnetic material forming this is attracted by the permanent magnet which forms the first restoring element 21. When a current is applied to the electromagnet 10, the armature 12 or the anchor rod 16 and thus the second restoring element 22 are displaced relative to the first restoring element 21. Due to the ferromagnetic properties, the second return element 22, after the end of the current application of the electromagnet 10 tends to migrate into the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, that is, the second return element 22 is attracted by the permanent magnet and the armature 12 thus spent in the locking position. When energized with electromagnet, the applied magnetic force outweighs the attraction of the permanent magnet, so that a displacement of the armature 12 is possible. By switching off the current outweighs the magnetic force of Permanent magnet of the return element 21, so that there is a displacement of the armature 12 in the locking position. This is supported or supplemented by the restoring force of the return spring 40. The system shown or the proposed reset arrangements are designed so that they can replace one of the arrangements in case of failure and so the functionality of the electromagnet 10 shown or the thus acted upon locking device 30 is maintained.

In Fig. 3 is another possible concept of the electromagnet 10 of the invention realized. Here, first and second restoring elements 21, 22 are formed by axially polarized permanent magnets. Fig. 3 shows the energized state of the electromagnet. In the de-energized state, the pole arrangement of the two return elements 21, 22 would be such that the dissimilar poles face each other in the radial direction and thus attract. This position is energetically preferred and corresponds to the "off" state of the realized by the magnetic return device energy storage. By applying a current to the electromagnet 10, the second return element 22 is shifted relative to the first return element 21 to the right. This results in a shift of the poles of the permanent magnets, which leads to a repulsive force. At the same time, the attracting poles of the permanent magnets are separated by the movement of the armature 12. If the electromagnet 10 is brought into a de-energized state, the repulsion of the poles of the same direction as well as the attraction of the counter-rotating poles causes a displacement of the armature 12 in the axial direction, so that the locking device 30 is brought into the reset position of the restoring device 20. Also in the embodiment of Fig. 3 is in the solenoid 10 and the magnetic core 17, a return spring 40 is provided which exerts a mechanical restoring force on the armature 12, as soon as the energization of the Electromagnet 10 ends. The return spring 40 thus supplements the magnetic action or provision of the two return elements 21,22 in the displacement of the armature 12 in the axial direction or can replace them.

In Fig. 3 is moved by movement of the armature 12, the second return element 22 relative to the first return element 21 and moved in the direction of the electromagnet 10 and the magnetic core 17, respectively. As a result, and due to the orientation of the permanent magnets of the return elements 21,22, after the end of the current application, the displacement of the anchor rod 16 is realized.

Another possible orientation of the return elements formed by permanent magnets 21,22 is in Fig. 4 shown. Here, both the stationary first return element 21 as well as the movable second return element 22 is formed by a permanent magnet. The structure shown here is almost identical to the structure after Fig. 3 , The two axially polarized permanent magnets, which may be formed, for example, as the anchor rod 16 completely surrounding ring magnets, in this case have an identical polar alignment of the polarity. That is, at which the coil 11 and the armature space 13 facing the end of the restoring elements 21,22 is in each case the magnetic north pole, while at the opposite end in the axial direction of the permanent magnet in each case the magnetic south poles are arranged. By a displacement of the armature 12 when current is applied (as in Fig. 4 shown) of the electromagnet 10, the permanent magnets are moved relative to each other, so that the same poles having ends of the permanent magnets are made almost congruent. This results in a repulsive force between the poles. This causes after the end of the current application of the electromagnet 10, the provision of the return device 20. In this case, the armature 12 and the anchor rod 16 carrying the second return element 22 is moved in the axial direction, so that the ends of the permanent magnets carrying the magnetic south poles are displaced relative to one another. The movement of the armature 12 is supported again by the also in the embodiment of Fig. 4 provided return spring 40, which causes a loading of the armature 12 in the opposite direction of the magnetic force of the electromagnet 10. The extent of the displacement and thus the amount of applied restoring force is also influenced by the thickness d of the disc 50. The thickness d is also chosen to be greater than the width of the gap S between the magnetic core 17 and armature 12. This prevents the formation of a competing magnetic field, which could possibly cause even after the end of the current application of the electromagnet 10, the armature 12 is not from Magnetic core 17 drops, in particular from the armature space floor 13/1, since the effective magnetic field between armature 12 and magnetic core 17 is stronger than the restoring force of the return device 20th

In Fig. 5 another possible embodiment of the electromagnet 10 according to the invention is shown. This has an overall shorter design than the previously described embodiments. This is achieved in that the restoring elements 21, 22 are laid into the interior of the armature space 13. In this case, the armature 12 has at its end 52 facing the armature space bottom 13/1 or at the bottom of the yoke, in particular, the movable second restoring element 22, which is formed in particular from ring magnets. It is designed as a permanent magnet and axially polarized. In the magnetic core 17, that is arranged in the armature space floor 13/1, there is the first return element 21, which is arranged stationarily in the device. This is also designed as a permanent magnet and axially polarized. Concentric with the return elements 21, 22 formed as ring magnets, the return spring 40 is arranged in particular in the center. For this purpose, the magnetic core 17 has a corresponding Recording on, in which a part of the spring coils is inserted. The armature space floor 13/1 thus forms a pin on which the return spring 40 is placed. The return spring 40, as well as the return elements 21,22, additionally assume the function of an energy storage. This energy storage is loaded upon displacement of the armature 12 due to electromagnetic loading. The stored energy may be released after the end of the loading of the electromagnet 10 and used to spend the armature 12 in a reset position.

The return elements 21,22 are also in the embodiment of Fig. 5 formed by permanent magnets. The polarity of the magnets is oriented such that the magnetic north pole of the first restoring element 21, which is arranged in the yoke bottom or armature space bottom 13/1 of the electromagnet 10, the magnetic north pole of the second restoring element 22, which is inserted in the armature 12, opposite. This results in a magnetic repulsion of the two return elements 21,22. This is overcome by the magnetic force of the electromagnet 10 when current is applied. However, if the application of current ends, the repulsive force of the two permanent magnets causes the magnets to diverge, resulting in a movement of the armature 12. This movement causes a return of the armature 12. The movement of the armature 12 is limited by a provided in a subsequent to the actual electromagnet 10 component 31 shoulder or a stop 35. The adjoining the anchor 12 anchor rod 16 carries a locking element which engages in a corresponding recess of a second component 32 (not shown) and causes the locking. Supported or replaced in case of failure of the return device 20, the reset function of the permanent magnets by the also provided return spring 40, which is inserted into the armature chamber floor 13/1. An admission of the electromagnet 10 in this case causes a voltage of the return spring. After the end of the loading, the stored energy in the return spring 40 is released and also causes an axial movement of the armature 12 from the armature space floor 13/1 away in the locking or return position.

In the Fig. 6 will, unlike in Fig. 5 shown device, the first return element 21 formed by the magnetic core 17 of the electromagnet. This consists of a ferromagnetic material, which is magnetized by the magnetic core 17 inserted, preferably annular permanent magnet 53. The permanent magnet 53, which may optionally also be regarded as the first return element 21, is located radially outside the coil 11 in the exemplary embodiment shown here.

This magnetization, due to the magnetic polarity of the permanent magnet 53 used, causes it to repel the second return element 22 which (as in FIG Fig. 5 ) is inserted in the armature 12 and the magnetic core 17 comes. After the end of the current application of the electromagnet 10, the magnetization of the magnetic core 17 remains and thus there is an axial displacement of the armature 12, which thereby moved out of the position of the armature space floor 13/1, so that between the end 52 of the armature and the Anchor space bottom 13/1 forms an air gap 13/2. The movement of the armature 12 in the axial direction from the armature space floor 13/1 away, is also in the embodiment of Fig. 6 limited by the shoulder 35 which is provided in the first component 31. The provided on the armature space bottom 13/1 disc 50 is made of a non-magnetizable material and prevents complete contact or sticking of the armature 12 to the magnetic core 17. Also prevented by the disc 50, an adhesion of the armature 12 to the magnetic core 17 after the end of the current application.

Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of the electromagnet 10. Here, the return device 20 is completely arranged in the coil 11. The first return element 21 is in this case formed by a stationary fixed to the coil 11 associated permanent magnet. The second return element 22 is arranged relative to the first return element 21 movable on the armature 12 and consists in the embodiment of a ferromagnetic material. The second return element 12 is formed in the manner of an armature 12 circumferential flange or ring. Between the first and second restoring element 21, 22, a gap providing a minimal gap clearance is formed, so that an additional guidance for the armature 12 in the armature space 13 results here. By the movement of the armature 12 upon activation of the electromagnet 10, the armature and thus the second return element 22 is moved relative to the first return element. Due to the formation of a ferromagnetic material, the second return member 22 has a tendency to move into the magnetic field of the permanent member constituting the first return member 21. This movement occurs after the end of the current application of the electromagnet whose electromagnetic field or the magnetic force applied thereby, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet initially predominates. After the end of the loading thus takes place a displacement of the armature 12 in the axial direction of the armature space floor 13/1 away. The movement is realized on the one hand by the interaction of the first and second return element 21,22, on the other hand by the action of the return spring 40, which is arranged in the armature space floor 13/1 and 13 and facing the armature chamber floor 13/1 on the armature End 52 of the armature 12 is supported. Of course, the embodiment of the return spring 40 shown in the embodiments does not remain limited to the illustrated shape and operation. Alternatively, the return spring 40 may also be formed by suitable elastic elements. Furthermore, there is also the possibility that the spring is received in the armature 12 and is supported on the bottom of the jamb or the armature space bottom 13/1. It is also conceivable integration of spring, elastic element and disc 50. The same can be achieved by using a (spiral) spring as the return spring 40, which still something in the compressed state extends into the air gap 13/2, whereby the distance function by the compressed spring is perceived and thus the task of the disc has been integrated. This also makes it possible to dispense with the disc 50. In addition, the spacing of armature 12 and magnetic core 17 can also be realized solely by a spring / elastic element formed of a non-magnetized material. The return spring 40 may also be formed as a disc or plate spring, which bears against the Jochbeziehungsweise anchor chamber floor 13/1, or is partially received in this. By the displacement of the armature 12 upon application of the electromagnet 10, the return spring 40 is biased and this bias causes after current application and dropping of the armature from the magnetic core 17 of the electromagnet 10, a displacement of the armature 12 in the axial direction. The magnetic return device 20 and the return spring 40 act in the same directions and complement or replace each other.

In Fig. 8 the return device 20 is formed from two permanent magnets. These are also arranged in the armature space 13 and formed as annular magnets. As an alternative to the annular design of the restoring elements 21, 22 described in connection with the present invention, it goes without saying that there is also the possibility that these are designed as ring segments, rods or the like or the like, that is, do not constitute continuous elements.

The return device 20 is in Fig. 8 also moved into the interior of the electromagnet 10 and the coil 11, which in turn causes the shorter design of the entire electromagnet 10 and the associated locking device 30. As already related to the Fig. 4 described, the two permanent magnets of the return elements 21,22 on a rectified magnetic polarity. By tightening the armature 12 in the direction of the armature space floor 13/1, there is thus a superposition of the same poles, resulting in a repulsive force results. Upon termination of the application of the electromagnet, this repulsive force is greater than the magnetic force of the electromagnet 10 and there is a movement of the armature 12 due to the repulsion of the poles. This is supported by the attraction of the oppositely oriented magnetic poles, which inevitably results with corresponding further displacement of the armature 12. This in Fig. 8 Embodiment shown first draws the necessary kinetic energy from the repulsive effect of similar magnetic poles. The arrangement is chosen so that when tightened these magnets are in opposition to each other, ie north pole opposite the north pole and south pole opposite south pole. However, the invention also encompasses another pole sequence, namely such that, for example, seen from left to right, the first restoring element has the poling NS, but the second restoring element has the poling SN. The geometric arrangement of the two return elements 21,22 is then selected so that in the fallen state of the south pole of the first restoring element is just in opposition, so opposite the north pole of the other restoring element. This state corresponds to the lowest energy level, by energizing the coil by mechanical displacement of a deposit of energy in this magnetic return device. Analogously, the relative position of the ring magnets or restoring elements on the armature or in the armature space 13 then changes.

In the in Fig. 9 illustrated embodiment, the second, movable return element 22 is formed by a arranged at the front end of the armature 12 annular or cylindrical permanent magnet. As a first, fixed return element 21 in the embodiment, a used in the (one-piece) magnetic core 17 ring magnet is used, which comes into operative connection with the second return element 22 and 10 causes a provision of the armature 12 and the anchor rod 16 after the end of the current application of the electromagnet. The first return element 21 is arranged at a penetration opening 18 of the magnetic core 17 and forms the surrounding edge 19 of this penetration opening 18. The front end of the armature 12, which in particular carries the anchor rod 16, is arranged in the penetration opening 18.

In Fig. 9 the permanent magnet forming the first restoring element 21 has a polarity aligned radially with respect to the direction of movement 100 of the armature 12. The polarity of the second return element 22, which is provided on the armature 12, in contrast, has an axially aligned with the direction of movement of the armature 12 polarity. By displacement of the armature 12 in the axial direction, upon application of the electromagnet 10, there is a superposition of same polarity in the first and second restoring element 21,22, resulting in a repulsive force results. Due to the guidance of the armature 12 in the penetration opening 18, this repulsive force is converted into an axial movement of the armature 12 when the electromagnetic load drops. Added to this is the attraction of differently oriented magnetic poles, which additionally favors the armature movement.

In Fig. 10 is one with the in Fig. 9 comparable embodiment of the electromagnet 10 according to the invention shown. Again, the penetration opening 18 in the magnetic core 17th formed by the first, fixedly arranged return element 21. This is provided by an annular, inserted into the penetration opening 18 axially polarized permanent magnet available. The two poles of the permanent magnet are aligned axially with respect to the direction of movement of the armature 12. In contrast, the second, movable return element 22 is provided on the armature 12 and is provided by a corresponding magnetized or designed as a permanent magnet region of the armature 12 available. Alternatively, of course, there is also the possibility that the armature 12 in the region passing through the penetration opening 18 has an annular permanent magnet which provides the second restoring element 22. In any case, the polarity of the first return element 21 is aligned identically to the polarity of the second return element 22. It thus comes with displacement of the armature in the axial direction (during the tightening movement) to a superposition of the same pole, resulting in a repulsive force that forms and in turn leads to the displacement of the armature 12 at the end of the application of the electromagnet. At the same time it is provided that the first return element causes a bias voltage of the electromagnet 10.

It is clear that even here the same arrangement of the poles in the axial direction is not the only variant for realizing the invention. It is also possible to reverse the pole sequence, for example, on the return element of the armature or the penetration opening, which then consequentially changes the axial position of the magnetic return element 22 on the armature. In the in Fig. 10 shown variant, the poles of the same are opposite each other in the attracted (energized) position. In the inverted alternative (axial order of the poles of the first and second return element is different), the arrangement is then chosen so that in the fallen position the dissimilar Poles just opposite each other. In this case, the second return element 22 would be arranged on the armature 12 farther to the right, such that, for example, the N pole in the tightened position opposes the N pole of the first return element 21 and the S pole of the second return element adjoins it on the right side in the direction of the return spring 40 connects.

At the anchor room floor 13/1 also has the in Fig. 10 illustrated device on a disk 50. Their thickness d is usually between 1/10 mm and 2/10 mm. The thickness d is chosen to be greater than the gap formed between the environmental edge 19 and the armature 12. It can thus be prevented that the armature space bottom 13/1 will permanently adhere to the armature 12.

At the same time, the dimensioning of the magnetic resistance across the disk 50 is greater than over the gap between the armature 12 and the environmental edge 19th

In Fig. 11 the first fixed restoring element 21 is provided by the soft-magnetic magnetic core 17, while the second restoring element 22 movable relative to the first restoring element 21 is provided on the armature 12. Upon actuation of the electromagnet 10, the armature 12 is displaced in the armature space 13 and in this case the second restoring element 22 is drawn into the armature space 13. The magnetic core 17 is formed in the embodiment of a ferromagnetic material and is magnetized by the formed due to the current applied to the coil 11 magnetic field. It then comes to a formation of poling, which cause in interaction with the magnetic poles of the second restoring element 22, a displacement of the armature 12, at the end of the application of the electromagnet 10. The magnetization of the magnetic core 17 disappears after the magnetic field has dropped Electromagnet 10. There is a displacement of the second restoring element 22, so that a function of the locking device 30, which is formed by the anchor rod 16, is ensured. The magnetic field generated by the current-loaded coil 11, or the magnetic force is stronger than the magnetic field / the magnetic force of the magnetically acting return device 20. In the in Fig. 11 Shown embodiment, a disc 50 is disposed on the armature space floor 13/1. This in Fig. 11 The resulting magnetic forces are under certain circumstances low, which is why it is favorable that a lifting with less force is possible through the disc 50 shown. It should be noted that the holding force when passing through the air gap 13/2 increase exponentially and at the end, just before the anchor rests on the anchor chamber floor 13/1, can reach very high values. The use of the disc 50, which typically may have a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 0.1 mm, greatly facilitates the functionality.

Furthermore, the invention also includes the following thoughts. In the prior art, it has hitherto been known to use two identically acting, redundant reset devices (in the prior art, for example, springs). The further idea according to the invention now proposes that at least two, in particular a plurality, of redundant return devices be used, but which are based on different mechanisms of action. It is essential in the reset devices to be used that they have a suitable energy storage from which results in a falling force of the magnetic field of the electromagnet force to ensure a safe switching state of the armature. In addition to the already described principles of action of a spring and a magnetic system, this can also be for example inductive or capacitive arrangements, as well as the energy content from a hydraulic or pneumatic system. For example, the pressure level of the hydraulic or pneumatic system can serve as an additional return device. It follows that not only a redundant security measure is realized, but also the principles of action are different and so overall higher reliability and availability of provided with a suitably equipped electromagnet device relationship backup device and the like exists. The invention therefore additionally comprises the ancillary aspect that an electromagnet is proposed, wherein the electromagnet comprises a coil of electric current conducting wire carrying coil and an armature movably mounted in the armature space, the armature is a current application against the force of a first return device movable and the solenoid has a second reset device in addition to the first reset device, and the operations of the first and second reset devices are different.

The claims now filed with the application and later are without prejudice to the attainment of further protection.

If, on closer examination, in particular also of the relevant prior art, it appears that one or the other feature is beneficial for the purpose of the invention, but not crucial, it is of course already desired to have a formulation which is such a feature , in particular in the main claim, no longer having. Such a sub-combination is also covered by the disclosure of this application.

It is further noted that those described in the various embodiments and shown in the figures Embodiments and variants of the invention can be combined with each other as desired. Here, one or more features are arbitrarily interchangeable. These feature combinations are also disclosed with.

The references cited in the dependent claims indicate the further development of the subject matter of the main claim by the features of the respective subclaim. However, these are not to be understood as a waiver of obtaining independent, objective protection for the features of the dependent claims.

Features which have been disclosed only in the description, or even individual features of claims comprising a plurality of features, can be taken over at any time as essential to the invention for delimitation from the prior art in the independent claims, even then if such features have been mentioned in connection with other features or achieve particularly favorable results in connection with other features.

Claims (15)

Electromagnet, in particular for a locking device, wherein the electromagnet a coil of electric current conducting wire carrying coil (11) and in an armature space (13) movably mounted armature (12), wherein the armature (12) when energized against the force of a Return spring (40) is movable, characterized in that the electromagnet (10) in addition to the mechanically acting return spring (40) has a magnetically acting return device (20). Electromagnet according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective direction of the return spring (40) and the direction of action of the return device (20) are rectified after switching off the electrical current through the coil (11). Electromagnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the return spring (40) and the return device (20) redundant energy storage form, which are loaded in the energized position of the electromagnet (10) with energy and after switching off the current therefrom, an automatic movement of the armature (12) and optionally one of the armature (12) carried or moved element is provided. Electromagnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the restoring device (20) is formed by a on the electromagnet (10) with respect to the movable armature (12) fixed, preferably ferro-, ferri- or permanent magnetic, first return element (21) and a on the armature (12) mitbewegenden, or by the armature (12) moving, with the first return element (21) cooperating, preferably ferro-, ferri- or permanent-magnetic second return element (22). Electromagnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and second return element (21, 22) are arranged in opposition or opposition to each other, in particular wherein at least one, preferably both return elements (21, 22) in or on the armature space (13) or is disposed within the coil (11) is / are and / or at least one, preferably both, return elements (21, 22) outside the coil (11) on the electromagnet (10) is arranged / are. Electromagnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second return element (22) on the outer side (14) of the coil (11), this is arranged in particular surrounding annular. Electromagnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second return element (22) on the inside (15) of the coil (11), in the armature space (13), in particular annularly arranged and the armature (12) encloses. Electromagnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the armature (12) carries or moves out of an armature space (13) projecting anchor rod (16). Electromagnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor rod (16) carries the first return element (21). Electromagnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for guiding the magnetic field generated by the coil (11) when current is applied, a magnetic core (17) of preferably soft magnetic material is provided, and the magnetic core (17) in the region of the armature space (13 ) has a penetration opening (18) for the armature (12) or the anchor rod (16). Electromagnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the environmental edge (19) of the penetration opening (18) forms the second return element (22). Electromagnet according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the environmental edge (19) of the penetration opening (18) carries the second return element. Locking device (30) for the releasable fixing of a first component (31) relative to a second component (32), wherein the two components (31, 32) in one Unlocking position of the locking device (30) are movable relative to each other and at least one component (31, 32) carries an electromagnet (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electromagnet (10) on the first component (31) is arranged and the anchor rod ( 16) or one of the armature (12) or the anchor rod (16) operable latch, for example, a locking rod, a locking element or the like in the locking position, in particular a form-fitting manner with the second component (32) cooperates. Locking device (30) according to claim 13 for a steering system or steering system with a locking device (30) according to claim 13, wherein by the locking device (30) a movable, in particular rotatable shaft, as the first component of the steering system of a vehicle form-fitting releasable with a vehicle-fixed, second Component (32) can be fixed. Electromagnet, in particular for a locking device, wherein the electromagnet comprises a coil of electric current conducting wire-carrying coil and an armature movably mounted in an armature armature, wherein the armature when energized against the force of a first return device is movable, characterized in that the electromagnet ( 10) has a second return device in addition to the first return device and the modes of operation of the first and second return device differ.

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