EP2541072A2 - Control assembly and method for controlling multiple hydraulic consumers - Google Patents

Control assembly and method for controlling multiple hydraulic consumers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2541072A2
EP2541072A2 EP12170158A EP12170158A EP2541072A2 EP 2541072 A2 EP2541072 A2 EP 2541072A2 EP 12170158 A EP12170158 A EP 12170158A EP 12170158 A EP12170158 A EP 12170158A EP 2541072 A2 EP2541072 A2 EP 2541072A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
control
individual
arrangement according
compensators
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12170158A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2541072B1 (en
EP2541072A3 (en
Inventor
Jan Amrhein
Thomas Weickert
Uwe Neumann
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2541072A3 publication Critical patent/EP2541072A3/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B13/00Pumps specially modified to deliver fixed or variable measured quantities
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2225Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves
    • E02F9/2228Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves including an electronic controller
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2232Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
    • E02F9/2235Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps including an electronic controller
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2296Systems with a variable displacement pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F15B11/161Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load
    • F15B11/162Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load for giving priority to particular servomotors or users
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F15B11/161Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load
    • F15B11/163Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load for sharing the pump output equally amongst users or groups of users, e.g. using anti-saturation, pressure compensation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546Type of pump variable capacity
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F15B2211/3053In combination with a pressure compensating valve
    • F15B2211/3054In combination with a pressure compensating valve the pressure compensating valve is arranged between directional control valve and output member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/634Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of a valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/6346Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of input means, e.g. joystick position
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/65Methods of control of the load sensing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7052Single-acting output members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic control arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for controlling a plurality of hydraulic consumers.
  • hydraulic systems are used in which these consumers are supplied via a pump with adjustable delivery volume with pressure medium.
  • a metering orifice and a pressure compensator is provided, the latter may be upstream or downstream of the metering orifice.
  • the pressure compensator is connected downstream of the metering orifice.
  • LUDV systems represent a subset of the LS systems in which the highest load pressure of the hydraulic load is reported to a variable displacement and this is controlled so that in the pump line to a predetermined pressure difference above the highest load pressure lying pump pressure is applied.
  • LUDV control arrangement as for example in the DE 10 2005 033 222 A1 is described, the adjustment of the pressure medium volume flow to the respective consumer via adjustable inlet orifices, which in each case an individual pressure compensator is assigned, via which the pressure drop across the respective inlet orifice can be kept constant.
  • the individual pressure compensators are arranged downstream of the metering orifices and throttle the pressure medium volume flow between the metering orifice and the load to such an extent that the pressure after all inlet metering orifices is equal, preferably equal to or slightly above the highest load pressure.
  • the pump pressure is applied in the same way, so that the pressure difference changes in the same way at all orifices if at a deficiency of the pump pressure is lower.
  • the pressure medium volume flow distribution (flow divider principle) is maintained between the inlet orifices of the driven consumers.
  • variable displacement pump is actuated in dependence on the highest load pressure tapped via an LS line such that a pressure is established in the pump line which is above the highest pressure difference equivalent to the force of a control spring of a pump control valve Load pressure is.
  • EFM architecture Electronic Flow Matching
  • valves present for controlling the pressure medium volume flows are generally grouped together in a control block which is accommodated, for example, in the case of an excavator in the area of the superstructure.
  • the invention has for its object to reduce the device complexity for the realization of a hydraulic control system and to provide a simplified method for driving multiple consumers.
  • the hydraulic control arrangement is designed to supply pressure to a plurality of consumers with a variable displacement pump, via which pressure medium can be delivered to each consumer via an adjustable inlet orifice plate and an individual pressure compensator associated therewith.
  • the individual pressure compensators are acted upon in the opening direction by the pressure downstream of the respective inlet orifice plate.
  • According to the invention acts in the closing direction of each individual pressure compensator, a control pressure which is adjustable via a central control unit.
  • a conventional LUDV architecture to the effect that the respective individual pressure compensators are no longer acted upon in the closing direction with the highest load pressure of the consumer, but with a set via a control unit control pressure. It therefore eliminates the need to tap the LS pressure to the respective consumers and lead over a common LS channel in the control block to the individual pressure compensators.
  • a division of the control block into individual valve discs is possible, which can then be arranged decentralized to or near the consumers.
  • the decentralized arrangement has the advantage that the consumers can be supplied via a common high and low pressure line. Compared to a conventional LUDV architecture with a central control block, in which each consumer is at least supplied with its own high-pressure line, this represents a considerable saving in hydraulic lines.
  • With the elimination of the need to tap the LS pressure of the consumers it is also possible to use conventional LS Lines are omitted. Furthermore, there is no need to determine the highest of the LS pressures via a shuttle valve cascade.
  • the individual pressures in the closing direction acting on the control pressures are the same, so that the technical equipment and control engineering effort is further reduced. Due to the function of the individual pressure compensators, the same pressure results downstream of the inlet metering orifices due to the same control pressures. This is at least equal to the control pressure or larger. Since the pump pressure is present in front of each inlet orifice plate, the pressure drop at each of the inlet orifices is thus the same, resulting in the load pressure-independent flow distribution (LUDV).
  • LUDV load pressure-independent flow distribution
  • Opening cross-sections or these corresponding strokes are set to the individual pressure compensators in a known manner depending on the pressure drop across the respective pressure compensator.
  • a change in the load pressures or a change in the pressure downstream of the Zulaufmitblenden thus leads to a movement of the affected individual pressure compensators and thus to changed opening cross-sections.
  • the stroke of the individual pressure compensator is thus a measure of the load pressure assigned to it. If the individual pressure compensators are subjected to the same control pressure, the load pressures of a comparison of the strokes of the individual pressure compensators are comparable to one another in a particularly simple and advantageous manner.
  • the individual pressure balance of the load pressure highest consumer has the largest opening cross section and the corresponding stroke and is characterized by this identifiable.
  • control pressure is adjusted such that this individual pressure compensator is set to a desired opening position below its maximum opening cross-section and the individual pressure compensators of the lower-load consumer are set to a smaller opening cross-section. In this way it is prevented that the load pressure highest consumer associated individual pressure balance is completely open and thus a control function is no longer possible. It may also be necessary to adjust the flow rate of the pump via the control unit accordingly.
  • the control arrangement according to the invention can be implemented particularly simply if the adjustment of the control pressure takes place via pressure reducing valves, by means of which the pressure regulated by the variable displacement pump upstream of the inlet metering orifice can be reduced to the predetermined control pressure.
  • the pressure drop across the inlet orifices can be directly preset via the control unit and the pressure reducing valves it controls.
  • the pressure drop across the inlet orifice plates is greater, the lower the control pressure is, or the more the pressure regulated by the variable displacement pump is throttled by the pressure reducing valves.
  • the pressure reducing valves are electrically or electro-hydraulically adjustable via the control unit. For example, by increasing a magnetic force of an electromagnetically actuated pressure reducing valve, the pressure drop across the pressure reducing valve or via the associated inlet orifice plate can be increased.
  • the adjustment of the control pressure in dependence on the stroke of the load pressure highest consumer associated with individual pressure compensator is adjusted so that the stroke or, in other words, the opening cross section of the individual pressure compensator does not reach its maximum value, but is just below it.
  • the advantage of the solution according to the invention becomes particularly clear: Instead of the conventional determination of the highest load pressure on device technically complex LS lines and a shuttle valve cascade or expensive pressure sensors, the necessary control pressure on the control unit in dependence of the device technology easier to be determined stroke of the individual pressure compensator set with the largest opening cross section.
  • the adjustment of the control pressure is preferably carried out as a function of the stroke of the load pressure highest consumer associated with individual pressure compensator.
  • the individual pressure compensators can be designed with a displacement transducer which is inexpensive compared to the conventional means for determining the load pressure discussed.
  • control pressure is set in the individual pressure compensators associated with this priority consumers such that the pressure difference across the associated inlet orifice at Substantial remains substantially constant, so that a sufficient pressure medium supply of the priority consumer is guaranteed.
  • control arrangement is implemented as a decentralized solution, in which the individual pressure compensators, the pressure reducing valves and the inlet metering orifices are arranged decentrally in the region of the respective consumer. In this way, the device-technical effort for tubing - as explained above - significantly reduce.
  • variable displacement pump is preferably designed with an electro-proportional swivel angle control, so that it is adjustable in dependence on a signal of a control device, such as a joystick, and thus eliminates the need to tap the highest load pressure of the consumer and lead to the pump regulator.
  • control arrangement according to the invention can be realized particularly advantageously in mobile hydraulics, for example in working cylinders of a mobile implement, for example an excavator.
  • a method according to the invention serves to control a plurality of hydraulic consumers, each of which is in pressure fluid communication with a variable displacement pump via an individual pressure compensator and an inlet metering orifice.
  • the individual pressure compensators are in the opening direction of a pressure downstream of the associated inlet orifices and in the closing direction of a control pressure applied.
  • the control pressure is set via a control unit.
  • the inventive method thus solves the conventional use of a LS-pressure for a LUDV method.
  • the "substitution" of the LS pressure to be determined by the suitably adjustable control pressure according to the invention opens up the possibility, compared to the prior art, of creating considerably less expensive control arrangements in terms of the apparatus.
  • the substitution implies that the need for LS lines and a cascade of shuttle valves for determining a highest of the LS pressures is eliminated.
  • by eliminating the shuttle valve cascade is a division of a conventional central control block into individual decentralized valve discs, which can be arranged at or near the consumers, made possible with advantage. Via the decentralized arrangement, the consumers can be supplied in sequence via a common high and low pressure line.
  • each consumer when using a conventional LS-pressure-based LUDV method with a central control block, each consumer must be supplied with their own high-pressure line.
  • decentralized valve discs would also be possible using a conventional LS-pressure-based method, but the shuttle valve cascade would then be spatially distributed to the individual consumers, which would represent a significant piping expense.
  • the determination of the highest load pressure could alternatively be made in a known manner with the help of electronic pressure sensors with high accuracy.
  • Opening cross-sections or these corresponding strokes are set to the individual pressure compensators in a known manner depending on the pressure drop across the respective pressure compensator.
  • a change in the load pressure situation or a change in the pressure downstream of the Zulaufmessblenden thus leads to a movement of the individual pressure compensator affected by the change and thus to the changed opening cross-section.
  • the control pressures, which are applied to the individual pressure compensators the same, so that the opening cross-sections as a measure of the load pressures of the individual pressure compensators on particularly simple and advantageous manner are comparable to each other.
  • the suitable value of the control pressure is preferably set via the control unit as a function of the opening cross sections or strokes of the individual pressure compensators.
  • the method according to the invention preferably has a step "determining opening cross sections of the individual pressure compensators" before setting the control pressure.
  • the individual pressure balance of the load pressure highest consumer has the largest opening cross-section or the corresponding stroke and is thus identifiable over this.
  • the adjustment of the control pressure via the control unit then takes place particularly preferably as a function of that individual pressure balance which has the largest of the opening cross sections or the stroke corresponding thereto.
  • the method according to the invention preferably has a step "determining a largest of the opening cross-sections".
  • the method according to the invention preferably has a step "determining a deviation of the largest of the opening cross-sections from a desired value". The step "setting the control pressure via the control unit” then takes place as a function of the determined deviation from the setpoint.
  • the step "determination of opening cross sections of the individual pressure compensators" is carried out in a particularly simple and advantageous manner by determining strokes of the individual pressure compensators via position transducers.
  • the step "setting of the control pressure via the control unit” preferably takes place via pressure reducing valves controlled by the control unit. These throttle a pump pressure established by the pump to the control pressure.
  • the control is preferably the same for all pressure reducing valves and in such a way that the opening cross section of the most open individual pressure compensator is adjusted to the desired value.
  • the individual pressure compensator of the consumer is adjusted via the central control unit, wherein the control pressure is adjusted such that the individual pressure compensator associated with the load pressure highest consumer is set to an opening cross section which is below the maximum Opening cross section is.
  • priority consumers can be excluded from the control concept by the control pressure of this priority consumer is selected so that always a predetermined pressure difference at the associated inlet orifice plate and thus a sufficient pressure medium supply is ensured.
  • FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic schematic diagram of a mobile implement, in the present case an excavator 1, the superstructure 2 is rotatably mounted on a chassis 6 via a slewing gear 4.
  • the upper carriage 2 carries a boom 8, on which a handle 10 is articulated with a spoon 12.
  • the excavator 1 has a hydraulic drive, wherein the actuation of the slewing gear 4 is hydraulically.
  • the operation of the spoon 12, the handle 10 and the boom 8 via a respective hydraulic cylinder 14, 16 and 18.
  • the pressure medium supply of the hydraulic consumers via a variable displacement pump 20 and a control valve assembly, which is explained in more detail below.
  • variable displacement pump 20 The control of the variable displacement pump 20 and some of the control valves of the control valve assembly via a central control unit 22, which in the illustration according to FIG. 1 is highlighted for clarity, but is integrated in the superstructure or the like.
  • control valve assemblies 24, 26, 28 associated with each consumer are not arranged in a control block but close to the respective hydraulic consumers, for example the hydraulic cylinders 14, 16, 18.
  • FIG. 2 The basic concept of the control arrangement of the mobile working device according to FIG. 1 is based FIG. 2 explained.
  • some consumers of the mobile working device for example the hydraulic cylinder 14 of the spoon 12 and the hydraulic cylinder 16 for actuating the handle 10, are shown.
  • the cylinder for the boom and the hydraulic motors of the chassis and slewing are not shown for simplicity.
  • the pressure medium supply via the variable displacement pump 20, the delivery volume is set by a pump controller 30.
  • a pump controller 30 This allows for example via an electro-proportional swivel angle control a continuous and reproducible adjustment of the delivery volume of the pump.
  • the operation of such a pump controller is, for example, in the aforementioned DE 10 2007 029 358 A1 explained.
  • the control signal is given via pilot control devices 34, 36, which are adjusted in a conventional manner by means of joysticks 38, 40 from the driver, the adjustment of the joysticks 38, 40 in the illustrated embodiment, to actuate the spoon 12 and the stem 10 ,
  • the flow rate Q of the pump is set so that the set via the joysticks 38, 40 pressure medium requirement is met and thus the consumers are operated at the speed provided by the driver.
  • variable displacement pump 20 sucks pressure medium from a tank T and conveys this via its pressure port P into a supply line 42, which branches off to the consumers 14, 16. In this supply line 42, the pump pressure pp is applied.
  • a control valve arrangement 44 and 46 is arranged, which have a respectively identical structure.
  • the basic principle of the control valve arrangement 44 or 46 corresponds to a LUDV architecture, in which an inlet measuring orifice 48, 50, which is embodied by an adjustable directional control valve or the like, is assigned an individual pressure balance 52, 54.
  • An input terminal of the pressure reducing valve 60, 62 is connected via a line 69, 70 with the supply line 42, so that the pressure applied to the inlet of the respective inlet orifice 48, 50 tapped pressure via the pressure reducing valve 60, 62 and to the predetermined via the control unit 22 control pressure 56, 58 is reduced.
  • the setting of the pressure reducing valve 60, 62 takes place in the illustrated embodiment electrically via a proportional solenoid 64, 66 which is connected via a control signal line 68 to the central control unit 22, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, both proportional solenoids 64, 66 are subjected to the same control signal to the Set output pressure.
  • the individual pressure compensators 52, 54 are each designed with a displacement transducer 72, 74, via which the stroke of the valve body of the individual pressure compensator 52, 54 can be detected.
  • the control signals corresponding to the respective stroke are reported to the control unit 22 via signal lines 76, 78.
  • the adjustment of the inlet orifices 48, 50 is also hydraulically or electro-hydraulically, via the control unit 22 and signal lines 49, 51, the opening cross-section of the inlet orifices 48, 50 and thus the pressure medium volume flow to the respective hydraulic cylinder 14, 16 is set.
  • the two hydraulic cylinders (working cylinder) 14, 16 executed in the simplistic representation as a single-acting cylinder, wherein an effective in the extension direction pressure chamber 80 with a connected to the output terminal of the respective individual pressure compensator 52, 54 feed line 84, 86 is connected.
  • the rear annular spaces 88, 90 of the hydraulic cylinders 14, 16 are relieved to the tank T out.
  • the cylinders would not be simple but double acting.
  • the two joysticks 38, 40 are actuated and adjusted via the control unit 22 in response to stored in this characteristic curves a control signal in the control signal line 32, which via the joysticks 38, 40 set volume flow demand of the consumer 14, 16 corresponds.
  • the pivoting angle of the variable displacement pump 20 is then adjusted via the pump regulator 30 in order to cover the required pressure medium volume flow Q pump .
  • the inventive concept corresponds to an EFM architecture.
  • the opening cross-section of the feed orifices 48, 50 is adjusted as a function of the control signal predetermined by the control unit 22.
  • the pressures p * downstream of the Zulaufmessblenden 48, 50 are identical, so that both inlet orifices 48, 50 flows through pressure-independent and the pressure medium volume flow depends only on the opening cross-section.
  • the control pressure in the control lines 56, 58 is adjusted via the respective pressure reducing valves 60, 62 such that the individual pressure balance of the load pressure highest consumer, for example, the individual pressure compensator 54 of the hydraulic cylinder 16 does not reach its stroke stop, and thus is fully opened. In such a case, the control function of this individual pressure compensator 54 would be ineffective.
  • the stroke of the individual pressure compensators 52, 54 is monitored via the displacement transducer 72, 74 and set by suitable control of the load pressure highest pressure reducing valve 62 of the associated individual pressure compensator 54 control pressure so that it is not adjusted to its maximum open position.
  • the stroke of the lower-pressure individual pressure compensators in the present case the individual pressure compensator 52 must be set to a lower stroke, since the pressure p * is throttled to the load pressure in the pressure chamber 80, below the higher load pressure in the pressure chamber 82 of load pressure higher hydraulic cylinder 16 is located. That is, the stroke of the individual pressure compensator 52 is less than that of the load pressure-highest pressure compensator 54.
  • the opening stroke of the load pressure-highest individual pressure compensator 54 is chosen to be as large as possible so that it opens as far as possible, but does not reach the stroke stop and, accordingly, the throttling losses of the pressure-highest pressure compensator are minimized.
  • FIG. 3 shows the adjusting loop according to the concept of the invention.
  • a setting signal is output to the proportional solenoids 64, 66 of the pressure reducing valves 60, 62.
  • This control signal corresponds to a predetermined magnetic force F Mag .
  • the pump pressure p P is then reduced via the respective pressure reducing valve 60, 62 to a control pressure in the control line 56, 58 and the associated individual pressure compensator 52, 54 adjusted.
  • the stroke x of the individual pressure compensators is then detected via the displacement transducers 72, 74 and then determined from a comparison device, the maximum stroke value x Max of the controlled individual pressure compensators 52, 54.
  • This maximum value is compared with a desired stroke x soll stored in the memory of the control unit 22 and a signal is output via the control unit 22 when the stroke x max of the most widely open individual pressure compensator 54 is greater than the desired value. In this case, the control function of the widest open individual pressure compensator is no longer guaranteed. In a corresponding manner, a signal is then output via the control unit 22 to the pressure reducing valves 60, 62 in order to increase the pressure in the control line 56, 58 and thus to adjust the load pressure highest individual pressure compensator 54 in the closing direction until the setpoint stroke x soll is reached.
  • variable displacement pump 20 and inlet orifices 48, 50 the response of the system is improved by the almost simultaneous activation of variable displacement pump 20 and inlet orifices 48, 50.
  • a control arrangement for controlling a plurality of hydraulic consumers and a method for controlling the consumers, wherein each consumer an inlet orifice plate and an individual pressure compensator are assigned. This is acted upon in the closing direction by a controllable via a control unit control pressure.

Abstract

The arrangement has a variable flow pump (20) that is in fluid communication with a bucket (12) and hydraulic cylinders (14-18) of an excavator (1) through individual pressure compensators associated with the bucket and the cylinders, and adjustable inlet orifice plates. The pump is electro-proportionally adjustable. The compensators are pressurized along opening direction by pressure downstream of the plates and acted upon by actuating pressure along closure direction, where the actuating pressure is adjustable by a central control unit (22). An independent claim is also included for a method for actuating hydraulic loads.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine hydraulische Steueranordnung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren zum Ansteuern von mehreren hydraulischen Verbrauchern.The invention relates to a hydraulic control arrangement according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a method for controlling a plurality of hydraulic consumers.

Wie in der DE 103 42 037 A1 ausgeführt, werden insbesondere in der Mobilhydraulik zur Ansteuerung mehrerer Verbraucher Hydrauliksysteme eingesetzt, bei denen diese Verbraucher über eine Pumpe mit verstellbarem Fördervolumen mit Druckmittel versorgt werden. Zwischen der Verstellpumpe und jedem Verbraucher ist eine Zumessblende und eine Druckwaage vorgesehen, wobei letztere der Zumessblende vor- oder nachgeschaltet sein kann. Man unterscheidet dabei nach dem Stromreglerprinzip arbeitende LS-Systeme und nach dem Stromteilerprinzip arbeitende Systeme. Bei letzteren ist die Druckwaage der Zumessblende nachgeschaltet. Diese Stromteilersysteme bezeichnet man auch als LUDV-Systeme, die eine Untergruppe der LS-Systeme darstellen, bei denen der höchste Lastdruck der hydraulischen Verbraucher an eine Verstellpumpe gemeldet und diese so geregelt wird, dass in der Pumpenleitung ein um eine vorbestimmte Druckdifferenz oberhalb des höchsten Lastdrucks liegender Pumpendruck anliegt. Bei einer LUDV-Steueranordnung, wie sie beispielsweise in der DE 10 2005 033 222 A1 beschrieben ist, erfolgt die Einstellung des Druckmittelvolumenstroms zum jeweiligen Verbraucher über verstellbare Zulaufmessblenden, denen jeweils eine Individualdruckwaage zugeordnet ist, über die der Druckabfall über der jeweiligen Zulaufmessblende konstant gehalten werden kann.Like in the DE 103 42 037 A1 executed, especially in the mobile hydraulics for controlling a plurality of consumers hydraulic systems are used in which these consumers are supplied via a pump with adjustable delivery volume with pressure medium. Between the variable displacement pump and each consumer a metering orifice and a pressure compensator is provided, the latter may be upstream or downstream of the metering orifice. One distinguishes between LS systems operating according to the current controller principle and systems operating according to the current divider principle. In the latter, the pressure compensator is connected downstream of the metering orifice. These flow divider systems are also referred to as LUDV systems, which represent a subset of the LS systems in which the highest load pressure of the hydraulic load is reported to a variable displacement and this is controlled so that in the pump line to a predetermined pressure difference above the highest load pressure lying pump pressure is applied. In a LUDV control arrangement, as for example in the DE 10 2005 033 222 A1 is described, the adjustment of the pressure medium volume flow to the respective consumer via adjustable inlet orifices, which in each case an individual pressure compensator is assigned, via which the pressure drop across the respective inlet orifice can be kept constant.

Bei der LUDV-Steuerung sind die Individualdruckwaagen stromabwärts der Zumessblenden angeordnet und drosseln jeweils zwischen der Zumessblende und der Last den Druckmittelvolumenstrom so stark an, dass der Druck nach allen Zulaufmessblenden gleich, vorzugsweise gleich dem höchsten Lastdruck ist oder leicht oberhalb diesem liegt. Vor allen Zumessblenden steht in gleicher Weise der Pumpendruck an, sodass sich an allen Zumessblenden die Druckdifferenz in gleicher Weise ändert, wenn bei einer Unterversorgung der Pumpendruck geringer wird. Dabei bleibt die Druckmittelvolumenstromaufteilung (Stromteilerprinzip) zwischen den Zulaufmessblenden der angesteuerten Verbraucher erhalten.In the LUDV control, the individual pressure compensators are arranged downstream of the metering orifices and throttle the pressure medium volume flow between the metering orifice and the load to such an extent that the pressure after all inlet metering orifices is equal, preferably equal to or slightly above the highest load pressure. In front of all orifices, the pump pressure is applied in the same way, so that the pressure difference changes in the same way at all orifices if at a deficiency of the pump pressure is lower. In this case, the pressure medium volume flow distribution (flow divider principle) is maintained between the inlet orifices of the driven consumers.

Bei den vorbeschriebenen LS-/LUDV-Architekturen wird die Verstellpumpe in Abhängigkeit von dem über eine LS-Leitung abgegriffenen höchsten Lastdruck derart angesteuert, dass sich in der Pumpenleitung ein Druck einstellt, der um eine zur Kraft einer Regelfeder eines Pumpenregelventils äquivalenten Druckdifferenz oberhalb des höchsten Lastdrucks liegt.In the case of the above-described LS / LUDV architectures, the variable displacement pump is actuated in dependence on the highest load pressure tapped via an LS line such that a pressure is established in the pump line which is above the highest pressure difference equivalent to the force of a control spring of a pump control valve Load pressure is.

In der DE 103 42 037 A1 wird eine sogenannte EFM-Architektur (Electronic Flow Matching) erläutert, bei der in Abhängigkeit von beispielsweise über einen Joystick vorgegebenen Sollwerten Stellsignale an ein Pumpenregelventil der Verstellpumpe abgegeben wird, um den Druckmittelvolumenstrom einzustellen.In the DE 103 42 037 A1 a so-called EFM architecture (Electronic Flow Matching) is explained, in which, depending on, for example, via a joystick predetermined setpoints control signals is delivered to a pump control valve of the variable to adjust the pressure medium flow rate.

Ein Problem bei derartigen, in der Mobilhydraulik realisierten Architekturen besteht darin, dass die zur Steuerung der Druckmittelvolumenströme vorhandenen Ventile zumeist in einem Steuerblock zusammengefasst sind, der beispielsweise bei einem Bagger im Bereich des Oberwagens untergebracht ist. Die Druckmittelverbindung zu dem jeweiligen Verbraucher erfolgt über zumindest eine Vorlauf- und Rücklaufleitung pro Verbraucher. Diese Leitungen verursachen zusammen mit den entsprechenden Halterungen und Verschraubungen einen erheblichen Anteil der gesamten Systemkosten.One problem with such architectures realized in mobile hydraulics is that the valves present for controlling the pressure medium volume flows are generally grouped together in a control block which is accommodated, for example, in the case of an excavator in the area of the superstructure. The pressure medium connection to the respective consumer via at least one flow and return line per consumer. These cables, together with the corresponding brackets and fittings, account for a significant portion of the total system cost.

Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, den vorrichtungstechnischen Aufwand zur Realisierung einer hydraulischen Steueranordnung zu verringern und ein vereinfachtes Verfahren zum Ansteuern mehrerer Verbraucher zu schaffen.In contrast, the invention has for its object to reduce the device complexity for the realization of a hydraulic control system and to provide a simplified method for driving multiple consumers.

Diese Aufgabe wird im Hinblick auf die Steueranordnung durch die Merkmalskombination des Patentanspruchs 1 und im Hinblick auf das Verfahren durch die Merkmalskombination des nebengeordneten Patentanspruchs 14 gelöst.This object is achieved in terms of the control arrangement by the combination of features of claim 1 and in terms of the method by the feature combination of the independent claim 14.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die hydraulische Steueranordnung zur Druckmittelversorgung mehrerer Verbraucher mit einer Verstellpumpe ausgeführt, über die Druckmittel zu jedem Verbraucher über eine verstellbare Zulaufmessblende und eine dieser zugeordneten Individualdruckwaage gefördert werden kann. Die Individualdruckwaagen sind in Öffnungsrichtung vom Druck stromabwärts der jeweiligen Zulaufmessblende beaufschlagt. Erfindungsgemäß wirkt in Schließrichtung jeder Individualdruckwaage ein Steuerdruck, der über eine zentrale Steuereinheit einstellbar ist.According to the invention, the hydraulic control arrangement is designed to supply pressure to a plurality of consumers with a variable displacement pump, via which pressure medium can be delivered to each consumer via an adjustable inlet orifice plate and an individual pressure compensator associated therewith. The individual pressure compensators are acted upon in the opening direction by the pressure downstream of the respective inlet orifice plate. According to the invention acts in the closing direction of each individual pressure compensator, a control pressure which is adjustable via a central control unit.

Erfindungsgemäß wird sich somit von einer herkömmlichen LUDV-Architektur dahingehend gelöst, dass die jeweiligen Individualdruckwaagen in Schließrichtung nicht mehr mit dem höchsten Lastdruck der Verbraucher, sondern mit einem über eine Steuereinheit eingestellten Steuerdruck beaufschlagt werden. Es entfällt daher die Notwendigkeit, den LS-Druck an den jeweiligen Verbrauchern abzugreifen und über einen gemeinsamen LS-Kanal im Steuerblock zu den Individualdruckwaagen zu führen. Somit ist eine Aufteilung des Steuerblockes in einzelne Ventilscheiben möglich, die dann dezentral an den oder nahe den Verbrauchern angeordnet werden können. Die dezentrale Anordnung bringt den Vorteil mit sich, dass die Verbraucher über eine gemeinsame Hoch- und Niederdruckleitung versorgbar sind. Gegenüber einer herkömmlichen LUDV-Architektur mit zentralem Steuerblock, bei der jeder Verbraucher zumindest über eine eigene Hochdruckleitung zu versorgen ist, stellt dies eine erhebliche Einsparung hydraulischer Leitungen dar. Mit dem Entfall der Notwendigkeit den LS-Druck der Verbraucher abzugreifen, kann zudem auf herkömmliche LS-Leitungen verzichtet werden. Weiterhin entfällt die Notwendigkeit, den höchsten der LS-Drücke über eine Wechselventilkaskade zu ermitteln.According to the invention is thus solved by a conventional LUDV architecture to the effect that the respective individual pressure compensators are no longer acted upon in the closing direction with the highest load pressure of the consumer, but with a set via a control unit control pressure. It therefore eliminates the need to tap the LS pressure to the respective consumers and lead over a common LS channel in the control block to the individual pressure compensators. Thus, a division of the control block into individual valve discs is possible, which can then be arranged decentralized to or near the consumers. The decentralized arrangement has the advantage that the consumers can be supplied via a common high and low pressure line. Compared to a conventional LUDV architecture with a central control block, in which each consumer is at least supplied with its own high-pressure line, this represents a considerable saving in hydraulic lines. With the elimination of the need to tap the LS pressure of the consumers, it is also possible to use conventional LS Lines are omitted. Furthermore, there is no need to determine the highest of the LS pressures via a shuttle valve cascade.

Auf diese Weise kann der vorrichtungstechnische Aufwand gegenüber herkömmlichen LUDV-Architekturen erheblich verringert werden.In this way, the device complexity compared to conventional LUDV architectures can be significantly reduced.

Zwar wäre eine dezentrale LUDV-Architektur prinzipiell auch auf Basis der abgegriffenen LS-Drücke der Verbraucher möglich, jedoch müßte dann die Wechselventilkaskade auf die einzelnen Verbraucher verteilt werden, was einen erheblichen vorrichtungstechnischen Aufwand darstellt. Um diesen Aufwand zu vermeiden, könnte die Bestimmung des höchsten Lastdruckes alternativ in bekannter Weise mit Hilfe von elektronischen Drucksensoren vorgenommen werden. Diese müssten jedoch eine hohe Genauigkeit aufweisen und wären daher sehr teuer.Although a decentralized LUDV architecture would in principle also be possible on the basis of the tapped LS pressures of the consumers, however, the shuttle valve cascade would then have to be distributed to the individual consumers, which represents a considerable outlay in terms of device technology. To this effort too avoid, the determination of the highest load pressure could alternatively be made in a known manner by means of electronic pressure sensors. However, these would have to have a high accuracy and would therefore be very expensive.

Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung sind die die Individualdruckwaagen in Schließrichtung beaufschlagenden Steuerdrücke gleich, so dass der vorrichtungstechnische und regelungstechnische Aufwand weiter verringert ist. Durch die Funktion der Individualdruckwaagen ergibt sich, aufgrund gleicher Steuerdrücke, stromabwärts der Zulaufmessblenden jeweils der gleiche Druck. Dieser ist zumindest gleich dem Steuerdruck oder größer. Da vor jeder Zulaufmessblende der Pumpendruck anliegt, ist somit der Druckabfall an jeder der Zulaufmessblenden gleich groß, wodurch die lastdruckunabhängige Durchflussverteilung (LUDV) gegeben ist.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the individual pressures in the closing direction acting on the control pressures are the same, so that the technical equipment and control engineering effort is further reduced. Due to the function of the individual pressure compensators, the same pressure results downstream of the inlet metering orifices due to the same control pressures. This is at least equal to the control pressure or larger. Since the pump pressure is present in front of each inlet orifice plate, the pressure drop at each of the inlet orifices is thus the same, resulting in the load pressure-independent flow distribution (LUDV).

Öffnungsquerschnitte bzw. diesen entsprechende Hübe stellen sich an den Individualdruckwaagen in bekannter Weise in Abhängigkeit des Druckabfalls über die jeweilige Druckwaage ein. Eine Änderung der Lastdrücke oder eine Änderung des Druckes stromabwärts der Zulaufmessblenden führt somit zu einer Bewegung der betroffenen Individualdruckwaagen und damit zu veränderten Öffnungsquerschnitten. Der Hub der Individualdruckwaage ist somit ein Maß für den ihr zugeordneten Lastdruck. Sind die Individualdruckwaagen mit dem gleichen Steuerdruck beaufschlagt, so sind über einen Vergleich der Hübe der Individualdruckwaagen deren Lastdrücke auf besonders einfache und vorteilhafte Weise miteinander vergleichbar. Die Individualdruckwaage des lastdruckhöchsten Verbrauchers weist dabei den größten Öffnungsquerschnitt bzw. den entsprechenden Hub auf und ist dadurch über diesen identifizierbar. Bei einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Steuerdruck derart eingestellt, dass diese Individualdruckwaage auf eine Soll-Öffnungsposition unterhalb ihres maximalen Öffnungsquerschnittes eingestellt ist und die Individualdruckwaagen der lastniedrigeren Verbraucher auf einen geringeren Öffnungsquerschnitt eingestellt sind. Auf diese Weise wird verhindert, dass die dem lastdruckhöchsten Verbraucher zugeordnete Individualdruckwaage vollständig geöffnet ist und somit eine Regelfunktion nicht mehr möglich ist. Dabei kann es auch erforderlich sein, die Fördermenge der Pumpe über die Steuereinheit entsprechend anzupassen.Opening cross-sections or these corresponding strokes are set to the individual pressure compensators in a known manner depending on the pressure drop across the respective pressure compensator. A change in the load pressures or a change in the pressure downstream of the Zulaufmitblenden thus leads to a movement of the affected individual pressure compensators and thus to changed opening cross-sections. The stroke of the individual pressure compensator is thus a measure of the load pressure assigned to it. If the individual pressure compensators are subjected to the same control pressure, the load pressures of a comparison of the strokes of the individual pressure compensators are comparable to one another in a particularly simple and advantageous manner. The individual pressure balance of the load pressure highest consumer has the largest opening cross section and the corresponding stroke and is characterized by this identifiable. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the control pressure is adjusted such that this individual pressure compensator is set to a desired opening position below its maximum opening cross-section and the individual pressure compensators of the lower-load consumer are set to a smaller opening cross-section. In this way it is prevented that the load pressure highest consumer associated individual pressure balance is completely open and thus a control function is no longer possible. It may also be necessary to adjust the flow rate of the pump via the control unit accordingly.

Die erfindungsgemäße Steueranordnung lässt sich besonders einfach realisieren, wenn die Einstellung des Steuerdrucks über Druckreduzierventile erfolgt, über die der von der Verstellpumpe stromaufwärts der Zulaufmessblenden eingeregelte Druck auf den vorbestimmten Steuerdruck reduzierbar ist. Im Ergebnis kann über die Steuereinheit und die von ihr angesteuerten Druckreduzierventile der Druckabfall über die Zulaufmessblenden direkt vorgegeben werden. Der Druckabfall über die Zulaufmessblenden ist dabei umso größer, je geringer der Steuerdruck ist, bzw. je stärker der von der Verstellpumpe eingeregelte Druck von den Druckreduzierventilen gedrosselt wird.The control arrangement according to the invention can be implemented particularly simply if the adjustment of the control pressure takes place via pressure reducing valves, by means of which the pressure regulated by the variable displacement pump upstream of the inlet metering orifice can be reduced to the predetermined control pressure. As a result, the pressure drop across the inlet orifices can be directly preset via the control unit and the pressure reducing valves it controls. The pressure drop across the inlet orifice plates is greater, the lower the control pressure is, or the more the pressure regulated by the variable displacement pump is throttled by the pressure reducing valves.

Dabei wird es besonders bevorzugt, wenn die Druckreduzierventile elektrisch oder elektrohydraulisch über die Steuereinheit verstellbar sind. So kann beispielsweise durch eine Erhöhung einer Magnetkraft eines elektromagnetisch betätigten Druckreduzierventils der Druckabfall über das Druckreduzierventil bzw. über die zugeordnete Zulaufmessblende erhöht werden.It is particularly preferred if the pressure reducing valves are electrically or electro-hydraulically adjustable via the control unit. For example, by increasing a magnetic force of an electromagnetically actuated pressure reducing valve, the pressure drop across the pressure reducing valve or via the associated inlet orifice plate can be increased.

Bei einer besonders bevorzugten und vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der hydraulischen Steueranordnung erfolgt die Einstellung des Steuerdrucks in Abhängigkeit von dem Hub der dem lastdruckhöchsten Verbraucher zugeordneten Individualdruckwaage. Dabei wird - wie vorstehend erläutert - der Steuerdruck so eingestellt, dass der Hub oder, mit anderen Worten gesagt, der Öffnungsquerschnitt der Individualdruckwaage nicht seinen Maximalwert erreicht, sondern knapp darunter liegt. An dieser Stelle wird der Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung besonders deutlich: Anstatt der herkömmlichen Ermittlung des höchsten Lastdruckes über vorrichtungstechnisch aufwändige LS-Leitungen und eine Wechselventilkaskade oder über teure Drucksensoren, wird der notwendige Steuerdruck über die Steuereinheit in Abhängigkeit des vorrichtungstechnisch einfacher zu bestimmenden Hubes der Individualdruckwaage mit dem größten Öffnungsquerschnitt eingestellt.In a particularly preferred and advantageous development of the hydraulic control arrangement, the adjustment of the control pressure in dependence on the stroke of the load pressure highest consumer associated with individual pressure compensator. In this case - as explained above - the control pressure is adjusted so that the stroke or, in other words, the opening cross section of the individual pressure compensator does not reach its maximum value, but is just below it. At this point, the advantage of the solution according to the invention becomes particularly clear: Instead of the conventional determination of the highest load pressure on device technically complex LS lines and a shuttle valve cascade or expensive pressure sensors, the necessary control pressure on the control unit in dependence of the device technology easier to be determined stroke of the individual pressure compensator set with the largest opening cross section.

Die Einstellung des Steuerdrucks erfolgt vorzugsweise in Abhängigkeit vom Hub der dem lastdruckhöchsten Verbraucher zugeordneten Individualdruckwaage.The adjustment of the control pressure is preferably carried out as a function of the stroke of the load pressure highest consumer associated with individual pressure compensator.

Zum Erfassen des Hubes können die Individualdruckwaagen mit einem Wegaufnehmer ausgeführt sein, der verglichen mit den besprochenen herkömmlichen Mitteln zur Lastdruckbestimmung kostengünstig ist.For detecting the stroke, the individual pressure compensators can be designed with a displacement transducer which is inexpensive compared to the conventional means for determining the load pressure discussed.

In dem Fall, in dem die Steueranordnung mit Prioritätsverbrauchern ausgeführt ist, können diese aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Ansteuerkonzept (siehe nebengeordneten Patentanspruch 14) herausgenommen werden, indem der Steuerdruck bei den diesen Prioritätsverbrauchern zugeordneten Individualdruckwaagen derart eingestellt wird, dass die Druckdifferenz über die zugeordnete Zulaufmessblende auch bei Unterversorgung im Wesentlichen konstant bleibt, sodass eine hinreichende Druckmittelversorgung des Prioritätsverbrauchers gewährleistet ist.In the case in which the control arrangement is designed with priority consumers, they can be taken out of the control concept according to the invention (see independent claim 14) by the control pressure is set in the individual pressure compensators associated with this priority consumers such that the pressure difference across the associated inlet orifice at Substantial remains substantially constant, so that a sufficient pressure medium supply of the priority consumer is guaranteed.

Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Steueranordnung als dezentrale Lösung realisiert, bei der die Individualdruckwaagen, die Druckreduzierventile und die Zulaufmessblenden dezentral im Bereich des jeweiligen Verbrauchers angeordnet sind. Auf diese Weise lässt sich der vorrichtungstechnische Aufwand zur Verschlauchung - wie eingangs erläutert - erheblich verringern.In a preferred embodiment, the control arrangement is implemented as a decentralized solution, in which the individual pressure compensators, the pressure reducing valves and the inlet metering orifices are arranged decentrally in the region of the respective consumer. In this way, the device-technical effort for tubing - as explained above - significantly reduce.

Die Verstellpumpe ist vorzugsweise mit einer elektroproportionalen Schwenkwinkel-Regelung ausgeführt, sodass diese in Abhängigkeit von einem Signal eines Steuergeräts, beispielsweise eines Joysticks, verstellbar ist und somit die Notwendigkeit entfällt, den höchsten Lastdruck der Verbraucher abzugreifen und zum Pumpenregler zu führen.The variable displacement pump is preferably designed with an electro-proportional swivel angle control, so that it is adjustable in dependence on a signal of a control device, such as a joystick, and thus eliminates the need to tap the highest load pressure of the consumer and lead to the pump regulator.

Die erfindungsgemäße Steueranordnung lässt sich besonders vorteilhaft in der Mobilhydraulik, beispielsweise bei Arbeitszylindern eines mobilen Arbeitsgerätes, etwa eines Baggers, realisieren.The control arrangement according to the invention can be realized particularly advantageously in mobile hydraulics, for example in working cylinders of a mobile implement, for example an excavator.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren dient dem Ansteuern von mehreren hydraulischen Verbrauchern, die jeweils über eine Individualdruckwaage und eine Zulaufmessblende in Druckmittelverbindung mit einer Verstellpumpe stehen. Die Individualdruckwaagen sind dabei in Öffnungsrichtung von einem Druck stromabwärts der zugehörigen Zulaufmessblenden und in Schließrichtung von einem Steuerdruck beaufschlagt. Erfindungsgemäß wird der Steuerdruck dabei über eine Steuereinheit eingestellt.A method according to the invention serves to control a plurality of hydraulic consumers, each of which is in pressure fluid communication with a variable displacement pump via an individual pressure compensator and an inlet metering orifice. The individual pressure compensators are in the opening direction of a pressure downstream of the associated inlet orifices and in the closing direction of a control pressure applied. According to the invention, the control pressure is set via a control unit.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren löst sich damit von der herkömmlichen Nutzung eines LS-Druckes für ein LUDV-Verfahren. Die erfindungsgemäße "Substitution" des aufwändig zu ermittelnden LS-Druckes durch den geeignet einstellbaren Steuerdruck eröffnet gegenüber dem Stand der Technik die Möglichkeit, vorrichtungstechnisch erheblich weniger aufwändige Steueranordnungen zu schaffen. So geht mit der Substitution einher, dass die Notwendigkeit von LS-Leitungen und einer Kaskade von Wechselventilen zur Ermittlung eines höchsten der LS-Drücke entfällt. Insbesondere durch den Wegfall der Wechselventilkaskade wird eine Aufteilung eines herkömmlichen zentralen Steuerblockes in einzelne dezentral angeordnete Ventilscheiben, die an den oder nahe den Verbrauchern angeordnet werden können, mit Vorteil ermöglicht. Über die dezentrale Anordnung können die Verbraucher in Folge über eine gemeinsame Hoch- und Niederdruckleitung versorgt werden. Bei Anwendung eines herkömmlichen LS-Druck-basierten LUDV-Verfahrens mit einem zentralen Steuerblock hingegen, muss jeder Verbraucher über eine eigene Hochdruckleitung versorgt werden. Zwar wären dezentral angeordnete Ventilscheiben auch unter Anwendung eines herkömmlichen LS-Druck-basierten Verfahrens möglich, jedoch müßte die Wechselventilkaskade dann räumlich auf die einzelnen Verbraucher verteilt werden, was einen erheblichen verrohrungstechnischen Aufwand darstellen würde. Um diesen Aufwand zu vermeiden, könnte die Bestimmung des höchsten Lastdruckes alternativ in bekannter Weise mit Hilfe von elektronischen Drucksensoren mit hoher Genauigkeit vorgenommen werden. Diese sind jedoch sehr teuer.The inventive method thus solves the conventional use of a LS-pressure for a LUDV method. The "substitution" of the LS pressure to be determined by the suitably adjustable control pressure according to the invention opens up the possibility, compared to the prior art, of creating considerably less expensive control arrangements in terms of the apparatus. Thus, the substitution implies that the need for LS lines and a cascade of shuttle valves for determining a highest of the LS pressures is eliminated. In particular, by eliminating the shuttle valve cascade is a division of a conventional central control block into individual decentralized valve discs, which can be arranged at or near the consumers, made possible with advantage. Via the decentralized arrangement, the consumers can be supplied in sequence via a common high and low pressure line. By contrast, when using a conventional LS-pressure-based LUDV method with a central control block, each consumer must be supplied with their own high-pressure line. Although decentralized valve discs would also be possible using a conventional LS-pressure-based method, but the shuttle valve cascade would then be spatially distributed to the individual consumers, which would represent a significant piping expense. To avoid this expense, the determination of the highest load pressure could alternatively be made in a known manner with the help of electronic pressure sensors with high accuracy. These are very expensive.

Öffnungsquerschnitte bzw. diesen entsprechende Hübe stellen sich an den Individualdruckwaagen in bekannter Weise in Abhängigkeit des Druckabfalls über die jeweilige Druckwaage ein. Eine Änderung der Lastdrucksituation oder eine Änderung des Druckes stromabwärts der Zulaufmessblenden führt somit zu einer Bewegung der von der Änderung betroffenen Individualdruckwaage und damit zu deren veränderten Öffnungsquerschnitt. Bevorzugt sind die Steuerdrücke, mit denen die Individualdruckwaagen beaufschlagt werden, gleich, so dass die Öffnungsquerschnitte als Maß für die Lastdrücke der Individualdruckwaagen auf besonders einfache und vorteilhafte Weise miteinander vergleichbar sind. Aufbauend auf diesem Zusammenhang wird der geeignete Wert des Steuerdrucks über die Steuereinheit bevorzugt in Abhängigkeit der Öffnungsquerschnitte bzw. Hübe der Individualdruckwaagen eingestellt. Hierzu weist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bevorzugt vor dem Einstellen des Steuerdrucks einen Schritt "Bestimmen von Öffnungsquerschnitten der Individualdruckwaagen" auf.Opening cross-sections or these corresponding strokes are set to the individual pressure compensators in a known manner depending on the pressure drop across the respective pressure compensator. A change in the load pressure situation or a change in the pressure downstream of the Zulaufmessblenden thus leads to a movement of the individual pressure compensator affected by the change and thus to the changed opening cross-section. Preferably, the control pressures, which are applied to the individual pressure compensators, the same, so that the opening cross-sections as a measure of the load pressures of the individual pressure compensators on particularly simple and advantageous manner are comparable to each other. Based on this connection, the suitable value of the control pressure is preferably set via the control unit as a function of the opening cross sections or strokes of the individual pressure compensators. For this purpose, the method according to the invention preferably has a step "determining opening cross sections of the individual pressure compensators" before setting the control pressure.

Die Individualdruckwaage des lastdruckhöchsten Verbrauchers weist dabei den größten Öffnungsquerschnitt bzw. den entsprechenden Hub auf und ist somit auch über diesen identifizierbar. Das Einstellen des Steuerdrucks über die Steuereinheit erfolgt dann besonders bevorzugt in Abhängigkeit derjenigen Individualdruckwaage, die den größten der Öffnungsquerschnitte bzw. den diesem entsprechenden Hub aufweist. Hierzu weist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bevorzugt einen Schritt "Ermitteln eines größten der Öffnungsquerschnitte" auf.The individual pressure balance of the load pressure highest consumer has the largest opening cross-section or the corresponding stroke and is thus identifiable over this. The adjustment of the control pressure via the control unit then takes place particularly preferably as a function of that individual pressure balance which has the largest of the opening cross sections or the stroke corresponding thereto. For this purpose, the method according to the invention preferably has a step "determining a largest of the opening cross-sections".

Damit gewährleistet ist, dass sich alle Individualdruckwaagen - insbesondere die am weitesten geöffnete - immer in einer Regelposition befinden, in der ihre Öffnungsquerschnitte durch geänderte Lastdruckbedingungen noch vergrößert werden können, wird der größte der Öffnungsquerschnitte bzw. der diesem entsprechende Hub über die Steuereinheit einem Sollwert nachgeregelt, der bevorzugt kleiner als ein maximal möglicher Öffnungsquerschnitt der betroffenen Individualdruckwaage ist. Dabei kann es auch erforderlich sein, die Fördermenge der Pumpe über die Steuereinheit entsprechend anzupassen. Hierzu weist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bevorzugt einen Schritt "Ermitteln einer Abweichung des größten der Öffnungsquerschnitte von einem Sollwert" auf. Der Schritt "Einstellen des Steuerdrucks über die Steuereinheit" erfolgt dann in Abhängigkeit der ermittelten Abweichung vom Sollwert.This ensures that all individual pressure compensators - especially the most open - are always in a control position in which their opening cross sections can be increased by changing load pressure conditions, the largest of the opening cross sections or the corresponding stroke via the control unit is adjusted to a desired value , which is preferably smaller than a maximum possible opening cross-section of the individual pressure compensator concerned. It may also be necessary to adjust the flow rate of the pump via the control unit accordingly. For this purpose, the method according to the invention preferably has a step "determining a deviation of the largest of the opening cross-sections from a desired value". The step "setting the control pressure via the control unit" then takes place as a function of the determined deviation from the setpoint.

Vorrichtungstechnisch besonders einfach und vorteilhaft erfolgt der Schritt "Bestimmung von Öffnungsquerschnitten der Individualdruckwaagen" dabei über eine Bestimmung von Hüben der Individualdruckwaagen über Wegaufnehmer.In terms of device technology, the step "determination of opening cross sections of the individual pressure compensators" is carried out in a particularly simple and advantageous manner by determining strokes of the individual pressure compensators via position transducers.

Der Schritt "Einstellen des Steuerdrucks über die Steuereinheit" erfolgt dabei bevorzugt über von der Steuereinheit angesteuerte Druckreduzierventile. Diese drosseln einen von der Pumpe aufgebauten Pumpendruck auf den Steuerdruck ab. Die Ansteuerung erfolgt bevorzugt für alle Druckreduzierventile gleich und derart, dass der Öffnungsquerschnitt der am weitesten geöffneten Individualdruckwaage auf den Sollwert eingeregelt wird.The step "setting of the control pressure via the control unit" preferably takes place via pressure reducing valves controlled by the control unit. These throttle a pump pressure established by the pump to the control pressure. The control is preferably the same for all pressure reducing valves and in such a way that the opening cross section of the most open individual pressure compensator is adjusted to the desired value.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Ansteuern von mehreren hydraulischen Verbrauchern wird jeweils die Individualdruckwaage der Verbraucher - wie ausgeführt - über die zentrale Steuereinheit verstellt, wobei der Steuerdruck derart eingestellt ist, dass die dem lastdruckhöchsten Verbraucher zugeordnete Individualdruckwaage auf einen Öffnungsquerschnitt eingestellt ist, der unterhalb des maximalen Öffnungsquerschnitts liegt. Wie erläutert, können nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren Prioritätsverbraucher von dem Regelkonzept ausgenommen werden, indem der Steuerdruck dieser Prioritätsverbraucher so gewählt ist, dass stets eine vorbestimmte Druckdifferenz an der zugeordneten Zulaufmessblende und somit eine hinreichende Druckmittelversorgung gewährleistet ist.In the method according to the invention for controlling a plurality of hydraulic consumers, the individual pressure compensator of the consumer is adjusted via the central control unit, wherein the control pressure is adjusted such that the individual pressure compensator associated with the load pressure highest consumer is set to an opening cross section which is below the maximum Opening cross section is. As explained, according to the inventive method priority consumers can be excluded from the control concept by the control pressure of this priority consumer is selected so that always a predetermined pressure difference at the associated inlet orifice plate and thus a sufficient pressure medium supply is ensured.

Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand schematischer Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine stark schematisierte Ansicht eines mobilen Arbeitsgerätes;
  • Figur 2 eine hydraulische Steueranordnung des Arbeitsgerätes gemäß Figur 1; und
  • Figur 3 das Schema eines Regelkreises der Steueranordnung gemäß Figur 2.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to schematic drawings. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 a highly schematic view of a mobile implement;
  • FIG. 2 a hydraulic control arrangement of the working device according to FIG. 1 ; and
  • FIG. 3 the scheme of a control circuit of the control arrangement according to FIG. 2 ,

Figur 1 zeigt eine stark schematisierte Prinzipdarstellung eines mobilen Arbeitsgerätes, im vorliegenden Fall eines Baggers 1, dessen Oberwagen 2 über ein Drehwerk 4 auf einem Fahrgestell 6 drehbar gelagert ist. Der Oberwagen 2 trägt einen Ausleger 8, an dem ein Stiel 10 mit einem Löffel 12 angelenkt ist. Der Bagger 1 hat einen hydraulischen Fahrantrieb, wobei auch die Betätigung des Drehwerks 4 hydraulisch erfolgt. Die Betätigung des Löffels 12, des Stiels 10 und des Auslegers 8 erfolgt über jeweils einen Hydraulikzylinder 14, 16 bzw. 18. Die Druckmittelversorgung der hydraulischen Verbraucher erfolgt über eine Verstellpumpe 20 und eine Steuerventilanordnung, die im Folgenden näher erläutert ist. Die Ansteuerung der Verstellpumpe 20 und einiger der Steuerventile der Steuerventilanordnung erfolgt über eine zentrale Steuereinheit 22, die in der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 zur Verdeutlichung herausgezeichnet ist, jedoch in den Oberwagen oder dergleichen integriert ist. Eine Besonderheit des beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiels besteht darin, dass die jedem Verbraucher zugeordneten Steuerventilanordnungen 24, 26, 28 nicht in einem Steuerblock, sondern nahe der jeweiligen hydraulischen Verbraucher, beispielsweise der Hydrozylinder 14, 16, 18 angeordnet sind. FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic schematic diagram of a mobile implement, in the present case an excavator 1, the superstructure 2 is rotatably mounted on a chassis 6 via a slewing gear 4. The upper carriage 2 carries a boom 8, on which a handle 10 is articulated with a spoon 12. The excavator 1 has a hydraulic drive, wherein the actuation of the slewing gear 4 is hydraulically. The operation of the spoon 12, the handle 10 and the boom 8 via a respective hydraulic cylinder 14, 16 and 18. The pressure medium supply of the hydraulic consumers via a variable displacement pump 20 and a control valve assembly, which is explained in more detail below. The control of the variable displacement pump 20 and some of the control valves of the control valve assembly via a central control unit 22, which in the illustration according to FIG. 1 is highlighted for clarity, but is integrated in the superstructure or the like. A special feature of the described embodiment is that the control valve assemblies 24, 26, 28 associated with each consumer are not arranged in a control block but close to the respective hydraulic consumers, for example the hydraulic cylinders 14, 16, 18.

Das Grundkonzept der Steueranordnung des mobilen Arbeitsgeräts gemäß Figur 1 wird anhand Figur 2 erläutert. Dabei sind beispielhaft einige Verbraucher des mobilen Arbeitsgeräts, beispielsweise der Hydrozylinder 14 des Löffels 12 und der Hydrozylinder 16 zur Betätigung des Stiels 10 dargestellt. Der Arbeitszylinder für den Ausleger und die Hydromotoren des Fahrwerks und des Drehwerks sind der Einfachheit halber nicht gezeigt.The basic concept of the control arrangement of the mobile working device according to FIG. 1 is based FIG. 2 explained. Here, by way of example, some consumers of the mobile working device, for example the hydraulic cylinder 14 of the spoon 12 and the hydraulic cylinder 16 for actuating the handle 10, are shown. The cylinder for the boom and the hydraulic motors of the chassis and slewing are not shown for simplicity.

Wie erläutert, erfolgt die Druckmittelversorgung über die Verstellpumpe 20, deren Fördervolumen über einen Pumpenregler 30 eingestellt ist. Dieser ermöglicht beispielsweise über eine elektroproportionale Schwenkwinkel-Regelung eine stufenlose und reproduzierbare Einstellung des Fördervolumens der Pumpe. Die Funktionsweise eines derartigen Pumpenreglers ist beispielsweise in der eingangs genannten DE 10 2007 029 358 A1 erläutert. Die Ansteuerung des Pumpenreglers 30 erfolgt über die zentrale Steuereinheit 22, die zur Steuerung über eine Steuersignalleitung mit dem elektrisch oder elektrohydraulisch verstellbaren Pumpenregler 30 verbunden ist. Das Steuersignal wird über Vorsteuergeräte 34, 36 vorgegeben, die in an sich bekannter Weise mittels Joysticks 38, 40 vom Fahrzeugführer verstellt werden, wobei die Verstellung der Joysticks 38, 40 beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt, um den Löffel 12 bzw. den Stiel 10 zu betätigen. Wie in Figur 2 dargestellt, wird der Fördervolumenstrom Q der Pumpe so eingestellt, dass die über die Joysticks 38, 40 eingestellte Druckmittelanforderung erfüllt ist und somit die Verbraucher mit der vom Fahrzeugführer vorgesehenen Geschwindigkeit betätigt werden.As explained, the pressure medium supply via the variable displacement pump 20, the delivery volume is set by a pump controller 30. This allows for example via an electro-proportional swivel angle control a continuous and reproducible adjustment of the delivery volume of the pump. The operation of such a pump controller is, for example, in the aforementioned DE 10 2007 029 358 A1 explained. The control of the pump controller 30 via the central control unit 22, which is connected for control via a control signal line with the electrically or electro-hydraulically adjustable pump controller 30. The control signal is given via pilot control devices 34, 36, which are adjusted in a conventional manner by means of joysticks 38, 40 from the driver, the adjustment of the joysticks 38, 40 in the illustrated embodiment, to actuate the spoon 12 and the stem 10 , As in FIG. 2 illustrated, the flow rate Q of the pump is set so that the set via the joysticks 38, 40 pressure medium requirement is met and thus the consumers are operated at the speed provided by the driver.

Die Verstellpumpe 20 saugt Druckmittel aus einem Tank T an und fördert dieses über ihren Druckanschluss P in eine Zulaufleitung 42, die sich hin zu den Verbrauchern 14, 16 verzweigt. In dieser Zulaufleitung 42 liegt der Pumpendruck pp an. In jeder Arbeitsleitung zum jeweiligen Verbraucher 14, 16 ist eine Steuerventilanordnung 44 bzw. 46 angeordnet, die einen jeweils identischen Aufbau haben. Das Grundprinzip der Steuerventilanordnung 44 bzw. 46 entspricht dabei einer LUDV-Architektur, bei der einer durch ein verstellbares Wegeventil oder dergleichen ausgeführten Zulaufmessblende 48, 50 eine Individualdruckwaage 52, 54 zugeordnet ist. Diese sind jeweils in Öffnungsrichtung von dem Druck p* stromabwärts der jeweiligen Zulaufmessblende 48, 50 und in Schließrichtung von einem Steuerdruck in einer Steuerleitung 56, 58 beaufschlagt, die an den Ausgang eines Druckreduzierventils 60, 62 angeschlossen ist, das beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Abflussöffnung zum Tank T hin ausgeführt ist. Prinzipiell kann auch eine Lösung ohne Abflussöffnung gewählt sein.The variable displacement pump 20 sucks pressure medium from a tank T and conveys this via its pressure port P into a supply line 42, which branches off to the consumers 14, 16. In this supply line 42, the pump pressure pp is applied. In each working line to the respective consumer 14, 16, a control valve arrangement 44 and 46 is arranged, which have a respectively identical structure. The basic principle of the control valve arrangement 44 or 46 corresponds to a LUDV architecture, in which an inlet measuring orifice 48, 50, which is embodied by an adjustable directional control valve or the like, is assigned an individual pressure balance 52, 54. These are each acted upon in the opening direction by the pressure p * downstream of the respective inlet orifice 48, 50 and in the closing direction by a control pressure in a control line 56, 58, which is connected to the output of a pressure reducing valve 60, 62, in the illustrated embodiment with a drain opening to the tank T out is executed. In principle, a solution without a drain opening can be selected.

Ein Eingangsanschluss des Druckreduzierventils 60, 62 ist über eine Leitung 69, 70 mit der Zulaufleitung 42 verbunden, sodass der am Eingang der jeweiligen Zulaufmessblende 48, 50 anliegende Druck über das Druckreduzierventil 60, 62 abgegriffen und auf den über die Steuereinheit 22 vorbestimmten Steuerdruck 56, 58 reduziert wird. Die Einstellung des Druckreduzierventils 60, 62 erfolgt beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel elektrisch über einen Proportionalmagneten 64, 66, der über eine Steuersignalleitung 68 mit der zentralen Steuereinheit 22 verbunden ist, wobei beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel beide Proportionalmagnete 64, 66 mit dem gleichen Steuersignal beaufschlagt werden, um den Ausgangsdruck einzustellen.An input terminal of the pressure reducing valve 60, 62 is connected via a line 69, 70 with the supply line 42, so that the pressure applied to the inlet of the respective inlet orifice 48, 50 tapped pressure via the pressure reducing valve 60, 62 and to the predetermined via the control unit 22 control pressure 56, 58 is reduced. The setting of the pressure reducing valve 60, 62 takes place in the illustrated embodiment electrically via a proportional solenoid 64, 66 which is connected via a control signal line 68 to the central control unit 22, wherein in the illustrated embodiment, both proportional solenoids 64, 66 are subjected to the same control signal to the Set output pressure.

Bei herkömmlichen LUDV-Architekturen liegt in der Steuerleitung 56, 58 jeweils der höchste Lastdruck an, der über eine Wechselventilkaskade von den Verbrauchern abgegriffen wird.In conventional LUDV architectures, the highest load pressure, which is tapped by the consumers via a shuttle valve cascade, is present in the control line 56, 58.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung sind die Individualdruckwaagen 52, 54 jeweils mit einem Wegaufnehmer 72, 74 ausgeführt, über den der Hub des Ventilkörpers der Individualdruckwaage 52, 54 erfasst werden kann. Die dem jeweiligen Hub entsprechenden Steuersignale werden über Signalleitungen 76, 78 zur Steuereinheit 22 gemeldet.In the inventive solution, the individual pressure compensators 52, 54 are each designed with a displacement transducer 72, 74, via which the stroke of the valve body of the individual pressure compensator 52, 54 can be detected. The control signals corresponding to the respective stroke are reported to the control unit 22 via signal lines 76, 78.

Die Verstellung der Zulaufmessblenden 48, 50 erfolgt ebenfalls hydraulisch oder elektrohydraulisch, wobei über die Steuereinheit 22 und Signalleitungen 49, 51 der Öffnungsquerschnitt der Zulaufmessblenden 48, 50 und somit der Druckmittelvolumenstrom zum jeweiligen Hydrozylinder 14, 16 eingestellt ist.The adjustment of the inlet orifices 48, 50 is also hydraulically or electro-hydraulically, via the control unit 22 and signal lines 49, 51, the opening cross-section of the inlet orifices 48, 50 and thus the pressure medium volume flow to the respective hydraulic cylinder 14, 16 is set.

Wie in Figur 2 dargestellt, sind die beiden Hydrozylinder (Arbeitszylinder) 14, 16 in der stark vereinfachten Darstellung als einfach wirkende Zylinder ausgeführt, wobei ein in Ausfahrrichtung wirksamer Druckraum 80 mit einer an den Ausgangsanschluss der jeweiligen Individualdruckwaage 52, 54 angeschlossenen Vorlaufleitung 84, 86 verbunden ist. Die rückseitigen Ringräume 88, 90 der Hydrozylinder 14, 16 sind zum Tank T hin entlastet. In einem realen System wären die Zylinder nicht einfach sondern doppelt wirkend.As in FIG. 2 shown, the two hydraulic cylinders (working cylinder) 14, 16 executed in the simplistic representation as a single-acting cylinder, wherein an effective in the extension direction pressure chamber 80 with a connected to the output terminal of the respective individual pressure compensator 52, 54 feed line 84, 86 is connected. The rear annular spaces 88, 90 of the hydraulic cylinders 14, 16 are relieved to the tank T out. In a real system, the cylinders would not be simple but double acting.

Zur Betätigung der hydraulischen Verbraucher werden die beiden Joysticks 38, 40 (und ggf. die Steuergeräte der nicht dargestellten anderen Verbraucher) betätigt und über die Steuereinheit 22 in Abhängigkeit von in dieser abgelegten Kennlinienfeldern ein Stellsignal in der Steuersignalleitung 32 eingeregelt, das dem über die Joysticks 38, 40 eingestellten Volumenstrombedarf der Verbraucher 14, 16 entspricht. In an sich bekannter Weise wird dann über den Pumpenregler 30 der Schwenkwinkel der Verstellpumpe 20 eingestellt, um den erforderlichen Druckmittelvolumenstrom QPumpe zu decken. Insofern entspricht das erfindungsgemäße Konzept einer EFM-Architektur.For actuation of the hydraulic consumers, the two joysticks 38, 40 (and possibly the control devices of the other consumers not shown) are actuated and adjusted via the control unit 22 in response to stored in this characteristic curves a control signal in the control signal line 32, which via the joysticks 38, 40 set volume flow demand of the consumer 14, 16 corresponds. In a manner known per se, the pivoting angle of the variable displacement pump 20 is then adjusted via the pump regulator 30 in order to cover the required pressure medium volume flow Q pump . In this respect, the inventive concept corresponds to an EFM architecture.

In entsprechender Weise wird der Öffnungsquerschnitt der Zulaufmessblenden 48, 50 in Abhängigkeit von dem von der Steuereinheit 22 vorgegebenen Steuersignal verstellt.In a corresponding manner, the opening cross-section of the feed orifices 48, 50 is adjusted as a function of the control signal predetermined by the control unit 22.

Wie eingangs erläutert, sind bei einer derartigen Architektur die Drücke p* stromabwärts der Zulaufmessblenden 48, 50 jeweils identisch, sodass beide Zulaufmessblenden 48, 50 lastdruckunabhängig durchströmt werden und der Druckmittelvolumenstrom nur vom Öffnungsquerschnitt abhängt. Der Steuerdruck in den Steuerleitungen 56, 58 ist über die jeweiligen Druckreduzierventile 60, 62 so eingestellt, dass die Individualdruckwaage des lastdruckhöchsten Verbrauchers, beispielsweise die Individualdruckwaage 54 des Hydrozylinders 16 nicht an ihren Hubanschlag gelangt, und somit vollständig geöffnet wird. In einem solchen Fall wäre die Regelfunktion dieser Individualdruckwaage 54 außer Kraft. Der Hub der Individualdruckwaagen 52, 54 wird dabei über die Wegaufnehmer 72, 74 überwacht und durch geeignete Ansteuerung des lastdruckhöchsten Druckreduzierventils 62 der auf die zugeordnete Individualdruckwaage 54 wirkende Steuerdruck so eingestellt, dass diese nicht in ihre maximale Öffnungsstellung verstellt wird. In entsprechender Weise muss dann der Hub der lastniedrigeren Individualdruckwaagen, im vorliegenden Fall der Individualdruckwaage 52 auf einen geringeren Hub eingestellt sein, da über diese der Druck p* auf den Lastdruck in dem Druckraum 80 abgedrosselt wird, der unterhalb des höheren Lastdrucks im Druckraum 82 des lastdruckhöheren Hydrozylinders 16 liegt. Das heißt, der Hub der Individualdruckwaage 52 ist geringer als derjenige der lastdruckhöchsten Druckwaage 54. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, dass die Individualdruckwaagen sämtlicher angesteuerter Verbraucher in ihre Regelposition verstellt werden können, sodass eine einer LUDV-Architektur entsprechende Ansteuerung der Verbraucher möglich ist. Wie erläutert, würde im Fall einer Untersättigung der Druckmittelvolumenstrom in Abhängigkeit von den an den Zulaufmessblenden eingestellten Öffnungsquerschnitten verhältnisgleich verringert, sodass die Verbraucher mit geringerer Geschwindigkeit ausfahren, als es bei einer hinreichenden Druckmittelversorgung der Fall wäre.As explained above, in such an architecture, the pressures p * downstream of the Zulaufmessblenden 48, 50 are identical, so that both inlet orifices 48, 50 flows through pressure-independent and the pressure medium volume flow depends only on the opening cross-section. The control pressure in the control lines 56, 58 is adjusted via the respective pressure reducing valves 60, 62 such that the individual pressure balance of the load pressure highest consumer, for example, the individual pressure compensator 54 of the hydraulic cylinder 16 does not reach its stroke stop, and thus is fully opened. In such a case, the control function of this individual pressure compensator 54 would be ineffective. The stroke of the individual pressure compensators 52, 54 is monitored via the displacement transducer 72, 74 and set by suitable control of the load pressure highest pressure reducing valve 62 of the associated individual pressure compensator 54 control pressure so that it is not adjusted to its maximum open position. In a corresponding manner then the stroke of the lower-pressure individual pressure compensators, in the present case the individual pressure compensator 52 must be set to a lower stroke, since the pressure p * is throttled to the load pressure in the pressure chamber 80, below the higher load pressure in the pressure chamber 82 of load pressure higher hydraulic cylinder 16 is located. That is, the stroke of the individual pressure compensator 52 is less than that of the load pressure-highest pressure compensator 54. This ensures that the individual pressure compensators of all controlled consumers can be adjusted in their control position, so that a LUDV architecture corresponding control of the consumer is possible. As explained, in the case of a supersaturation, the pressure medium volume flow would be proportionally reduced in dependence on the opening cross sections set on the inlet measuring orifices, so that the consumers extend at a slower speed than would be the case with a sufficient pressure medium supply.

Erfindungsgemäß wird der Öffnungshub der lastdruckhöchsten Individualdruckwaage 54 möglichst groß gewählt, sodass diese möglichst weit öffnet, jedoch nicht an den Hubanschlag gerät und entsprechend die Drosselverluste der lastdruckhöchsten Druckwaage minimiert sind.According to the invention, the opening stroke of the load pressure-highest individual pressure compensator 54 is chosen to be as large as possible so that it opens as far as possible, but does not reach the stroke stop and, accordingly, the throttling losses of the pressure-highest pressure compensator are minimized.

Figur 3 zeigt den sich nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Konzept einstellenden Regelkreis. FIG. 3 shows the adjusting loop according to the concept of the invention.

Über die als Regler wirkende Steuereinheit 22 wird ein Einstellsignal an die Proportionalmagnete 64, 66 der Druckreduzierventile 60, 62 abgegeben. Dieses Steuersignal entspricht einer vorbestimmten Magnetkraft FMag. Dementsprechend wird dann der Pumpendruck pP über das jeweilige Druckreduzierventil 60, 62 auf einen Steuerdruck in der Steuerleitung 56, 58 reduziert und die zugeordnete Individualdruckwaage 52, 54 verstellt. Der Hub x der Individualdruckwaagen wird dann über die Wegaufnehmer 72, 74 erfasst und dann aus einer Vergleichseinrichtung der maximale Hubwert xMax der angesteuerten Individualdruckwaagen 52, 54 ermittelt. Dieser Maximalwert wird mit einem im Speicher der Steuereinheit 22 abgelegten Soll-Hub xsoll verglichen und über die Steuereinheit 22 ein Signal abgegeben, wenn der Hub xMax der am weitest geöffneten Individualdruckwaage 54 größer als der Sollwert ist. In diesem Fall ist die Regelfunktion der am weitest geöffneten Individualdruckwaage nicht mehr gewährleistet. In entsprechender Weise wird dann über die Steuereinheit 22 ein Signal an die Druckreduzierventile 60, 62 abgegeben, um den Druck in der Steuerleitung 56, 58 zu erhöhen und somit die lastdruckhöchste Individualdruckwaage 54 in Schließrichtung zu verstellen, bis der Sollhub xsoll erreicht ist.By means of the control unit 22 acting as a controller, a setting signal is output to the proportional solenoids 64, 66 of the pressure reducing valves 60, 62. This control signal corresponds to a predetermined magnetic force F Mag . Accordingly, the pump pressure p P is then reduced via the respective pressure reducing valve 60, 62 to a control pressure in the control line 56, 58 and the associated individual pressure compensator 52, 54 adjusted. The stroke x of the individual pressure compensators is then detected via the displacement transducers 72, 74 and then determined from a comparison device, the maximum stroke value x Max of the controlled individual pressure compensators 52, 54. This maximum value is compared with a desired stroke x soll stored in the memory of the control unit 22 and a signal is output via the control unit 22 when the stroke x max of the most widely open individual pressure compensator 54 is greater than the desired value. In this case, the control function of the widest open individual pressure compensator is no longer guaranteed. In a corresponding manner, a signal is then output via the control unit 22 to the pressure reducing valves 60, 62 in order to increase the pressure in the control line 56, 58 and thus to adjust the load pressure highest individual pressure compensator 54 in the closing direction until the setpoint stroke x soll is reached.

Auf diese Weise kann bei minimalem Verrohrungsaufwand die LUDV-Funktion der Steueranordnung gewährleistet bleiben, wobei durch die EFM-Architektur gewährleistet ist, dass durch die nahezu zeitgleiche Ansteuerung von Verstellpumpe 20 und Zulaufmessblenden 48, 50 das Ansprechverhalten des Systems verbessert ist.In this way, the LUDV function of the control arrangement can be ensured with minimal piping expenditure, it being ensured by the EFM architecture that the response of the system is improved by the almost simultaneous activation of variable displacement pump 20 and inlet orifices 48, 50.

Offenbart sind eine Steueranordnung zur Ansteuerung mehrere hydraulischer Verbraucher und ein Verfahren zur Ansteuerung der Verbraucher, wobei jedem Verbraucher eine Zulaufmessblende und eine Individualdruckwaage zugeordnet sind. Diese ist in Schließrichtung von einem über eine Steuereinheit einstellbaren Steuerdruck beaufschlagt.Disclosed are a control arrangement for controlling a plurality of hydraulic consumers and a method for controlling the consumers, wherein each consumer an inlet orifice plate and an individual pressure compensator are assigned. This is acted upon in the closing direction by a controllable via a control unit control pressure.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

11
Baggerexcavator
22
Oberwagensuperstructure
44
Drehwerkslewing
66
Fahrgestellchassis
88th
Auslegerboom
1010
Stielstalk
1212
Löffelspoon
1414
Hydrozylinderhydraulic cylinders
1616
Hydrozylinderhydraulic cylinders
1818
Hydrozylinderhydraulic cylinders
2020
Verstellpumpevariable
2222
Steuereinheitcontrol unit
2424
SteuerventilanordnungControl valve assembly
2626
SteuerventilanordnungControl valve assembly
2828
SteuerventilanordnungControl valve assembly
3030
Pumpenreglerpump regulator
3232
SteuersignalleitungControl signal line
3434
Vorsteuergerätpilot control unit
3636
Vorsteuergerätpilot control unit
3838
Joystickjoystick
4040
Joystickjoystick
4242
Zulaufleitungsupply line
4444
SteuerventilanordnungControl valve assembly
4646
SteuerventilanordnungControl valve assembly
4848
ZulaufmessblendeSupply measuring orifice
4949
Signalleitungsignal line
5050
ZulaufmessblendeSupply measuring orifice
5151
Signalleitungsignal line
5252
IndividualdruckwaageIndividual pressure compensator
5454
IndividualdruckwaageIndividual pressure compensator
5656
Steuerleitungcontrol line
5858
Steuerleitungcontrol line
6060
DruckreduzierventilPressure reducing valve
6262
DruckreduzierventilPressure reducing valve
6464
Proportionalmagnetproportional solenoid
6666
Proportionalmagnetproportional solenoid
6868
SteuersignalleitungControl signal line
6969
Leitungmanagement
7070
Leitungmanagement
7272
Wegaufnehmertransducer
7474
Wegaufnehmertransducer
7676
Signalleitungsignal line
7878
Signalleitungsignal line
8080
Druckraumpressure chamber
8282
Druckraumpressure chamber
8484
Vorlaufleitungsupply line
8686
Vorlaufleitungsupply line
8888
Ringraumannulus
9090
Ringraumannulus

Claims (17)

Hydraulische Steueranordnung zur Druckmittelversorgung mehrerer Verbraucher (12, 14, 16, 18), wobei eine Verstellpumpe (20) über jeweils eine verstellbare Zulaufmessblende (48, 50) und eine dieser zugeordneten Individualdruckwaage (52, 54) mit den Verbrauchern (12, 14, 16, 18) in Druckmittelverbindung steht, wobei die Individualdruckwaagen (52, 54) in Öffnungsrichtung vom Druck stromabwärts der jeweiligen Zulaufmessblenden (48, 50) und in Schließrichtung von einem Steuerdruck beaufschlagt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Steuerdruck über eine Steuereinheit (22) verstellbar ist.Hydraulic control arrangement for the pressure medium supply of several consumers (12, 14, 16, 18), wherein a variable displacement pump (20) via in each case an adjustable inlet orifice (48, 50) and an individual pressure compensator (52, 54) associated therewith with the consumers (12, 14, 16, 18) is in fluid communication, wherein the individual pressure compensators (52, 54) are acted upon in the opening direction by the pressure downstream of the respective inlet orifice plates (48, 50) and in the closing direction of a control pressure, characterized in that the control pressure via a control unit (22) is adjustable. Steueranordnung nach Patentanspruch 1, wobei der Steuerdruck für die Individualdruckwaagen (52, 54) in etwa gleich ist.Control arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the control pressure for the individual pressure compensators (52, 54) is approximately equal. Steueranordnung nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Steuerdruck derart eingestellt ist, dass die Individualdruckwaagen (52, 54) des lastdruckhöchsten Verbrauchers (16) auf eine Soll-Öffnungsposition (xsoll) verstellt ist und die Individualdruckwaagen (52) der lastniedrigeren Verbraucher (14) auf einen geringeren Öffnungsquerschnitt eingestellt sind.Control arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control pressure is set such that the individual pressure compensators (52, 54) of the load pressure highest consumer (16) is adjusted to a desired opening position (x soll ) and the individual pressure compensators (52) of the lower-load consumer (14 ) are set to a smaller opening cross-section. Steueranordnung nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 3 mit einem Druckreduzierventil (60, 62) zum Einstellen des Steuerdrucks.Control arrangement according to one of the claims 1 to 3 with a pressure reducing valve (60, 62) for adjusting the control pressure. Steueranordnung nach Patentanspruch 4, wobei das Druckreduzierventil elektrisch oder elektrohydraulisch über die Steuereinheit (22) verstellbar ist.Control arrangement according to claim 4, wherein the pressure reducing valve is electrically or electro-hydraulically adjustable via the control unit (22). Steueranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, wobei die Einstellung des Steuerdrucks in Abhängigkeit der Hübe (x) der den Verbrauchern (12, 14, 16, 18) zugeordneten Individualdruckwaagen (52, 54) erfolgt.Control arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the setting of the control pressure in dependence of the strokes (x) of the consumers (12, 14, 16, 18) associated with individual pressure compensators (52, 54). Steueranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, wobei die Einstellung des Steuerdrucks in Abhängigkeit vom Hub (x) der dem lastdruckhöchsten Verbraucher (16) zugeordneten Individualdruckwaage (54) erfolgt.Control arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adjustment of the control pressure in dependence on the stroke (x) of the load pressure highest consumer (16) associated with individual pressure compensator (54). Steueranordnung nach Patentanspruch 6, wobei die Individualdruckwaage (52, 54) mit einem Wegaufnehmer (72, 74) versehen ist.Control arrangement according to claim 6, wherein the individual pressure compensator (52, 54) is provided with a displacement transducer (72, 74). Steueranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, wobei zumindest die Individualdruckwaage eines Prioritätsverbrauchers durch Einstellen des Steuerdrucks derart einstellbar ist, dass die Druckdifferenz über der zugeordneten Zulaufmessblende im Wesentlichen konstant bleibt.Control arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the individual pressure balance of a priority consumer by adjusting the control pressure is adjustable so that the pressure difference across the associated inlet orifice remains substantially constant. Steueranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, wobei die Verstellpumpe (20) elektroproportional verstellbar ist.Control arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the variable displacement pump (20) is electroproportionally adjustable. Steueranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, wobei die Individualdruckwaage (52, 54) und die Zulaufmessblende (48, 50) sowie gegebenenfalls die Druckreduzierventile (60, 62) dezentral im Bereich des jeweiligen hydraulischen Verbrauchers angeordnet sind.Control arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the individual pressure compensator (52, 54) and the inlet orifice (48, 50) and optionally the pressure reducing valves (60, 62) are arranged decentrally in the region of the respective hydraulic consumer. Steueranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, wobei ein Sollöffnungsquerschnitt (xsoll) möglichst nahe am maximalen Öffnungsquerschnitt (Hubanschlag) vorgesehen ist.Control arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a desired opening cross section (x soll ) is provided as close as possible to the maximum opening cross section (stroke stop). Steueranordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, wobei die Verbraucher Hydrozylinder (12, 14, 16, 18) eines mobilen Arbeitsgeräts sind.Control arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the consumers are hydraulic cylinders (12, 14, 16, 18) of a mobile working device. Verfahren zum Ansteuern von mehreren hydraulischen Verbrauchern (12, 14, 16, 18), die jeweils über eine Individualdruckwaage (52, 54) und eine Zulaufmessblende (48, 50) in Druckmittelverbindung mit einer Verstellpumpe (20) stehen, wobei die Individualdruckwaagen (52, 54) in Öffnungsrichtung von einem Druck stromabwärts der zugehörigen Zulaufmessblenden (48, 50) und in Schließrichtung von einem Steuerdruck beaufschlagt sind, gekennzeichnet durch den Schritt: - "Einstellen des Steuerdrucks über eine Steuereinheit (22)". Method for controlling a plurality of hydraulic consumers (12, 14, 16, 18), each of which via an individual pressure compensator (52, 54) and an inlet metering orifice (48, 50) are in fluid communication with a variable displacement pump (20), wherein the individual pressure compensators (52 , 54) in the opening direction of a pressure downstream of the associated inlet orifice plates (48, 50) and in the closing direction are acted upon by a control pressure, characterized by the step: - "Setting the control pressure via a control unit (22)". Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 14, wobei der Schritt "Einstellen des Steuerdrucks über die Steuereinheit (22)" in Abhängigkeit von Öffnungsquerschnitten der Individualdruckwaagen (52, 54) erfolgt.Method according to claim 14, wherein the step "setting the control pressure via the control unit (22)" in dependence on opening cross sections of the individual pressure compensators (52, 54) takes place. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 15, wobei der Schritt "Einstellen des Steuerdrucks über die Steuereinheit (22)" in Abhängigkeit derjenigen Individualdruckwaage (52, 54) erfolgt, die einen größten der Öffnungsquerschnitte aufweist.Method according to claim 15, wherein the step "adjusting the control pressure via the control unit (22)" is effected as a function of the individual pressure compensator (52, 54) having a largest of the opening cross sections. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 16, wobei ein Sollwert des größten der Öffnungsquerschnitte kleiner als ein maximaler Öffnungsquerschnitt der Individualdruckwaage (52, 54) ist.A method according to claim 16, wherein a desired value of the largest of the opening cross sections is smaller than a maximum opening cross section of the individual pressure compensator (52, 54).
EP12170158.5A 2011-07-01 2012-05-31 Control assembly and method for controlling multiple hydraulic consumers Not-in-force EP2541072B1 (en)

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DE102011106307A DE102011106307A1 (en) 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 Control arrangement and method for controlling a plurality of hydraulic consumers

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DE102011106307A1 (en) 2013-01-03
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US9200646B2 (en) 2015-12-01
EP2541072A3 (en) 2016-11-02
US20130167518A1 (en) 2013-07-04
CN102852872A (en) 2013-01-02

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