EP2537147B1 - Fire detector for monitoring a room by means of a combination of smoke density measurement and temperature measurement - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a fire detector for monitoring a room and to trigger a fire alarm, with a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor, with the smoke sensor, a smoke density and the temperature sensor, a temperature is measured, wherein when exceeding a temperature threshold and / or when exceeding a Rauchdichteeschwellwertes an alarm is triggered, wherein the temperature threshold is dependent on the smoke density and / or the smoke density threshold is dependent on the temperature, wherein the fire detector has a memory

In the prior art smoke detectors are known, which usually measure the smoke density and give a time-limited, audible alarm when exceeding a preset value, even those who also issue a wireless alarm to adjacent smoke detectors, which then also give an audible alarm and also which then forward this information to a single connected transmission unit, such as a telephone or a GSM mobile network, or a proprietary cable or network connection. If this audible alarm can not be heard due to absence, a causal fire continues to spread; If this single connected transmission unit is disturbed, a transmission does not take place.

From the US 6,624,750 B1 Fire alarms are known for monitoring a room and triggering a fire alarm. The fire detectors have a photoelectric smoke sensor and a temperature sensor. An alarm is triggered if a specified smoke density threshold is exceeded or the ambient temperature exceeds 57 ° C. Each fire detector has a piezo loudspeaker with which an audible alarm can be generated. The fire detectors are each equipped with a first radio, namely a transceiver for transmitting and receiving information by radio. The fire detectors form a radio network. Furthermore, a transmission unit is also equipped with a first radio. The transmission unit can be connected via a telephone connection with a destination address, namely a monitoring center. Within the network, messages and information may be forwarded either directly to the transmission unit or from one Fire detectors are forwarded to the next fire alarm until the transmission unit is reached. The transmission unit sends the messages to the monitoring center. The network consisting of the fire detectors can therefore be connected to the monitoring center via the individual transmission unit.

The known from the prior art fire alarm is not yet optimally formed. If the transmission unit fails, no alarm signal can be sent to the monitoring center. The connection of the network to the monitoring center is therefore susceptible to interference. In the case of a slight smoke development, for example due to a burnt food in a kitchen, there is a risk that a false alarm will be triggered. If a flat is slightly smoky, but there is no fire, a false alarm is triggered.

1. (i) ob die Rauchdichte eine erste Rauchschwelle überschreitet;
2. (ii) ob die Temperaturdifferenz eine erste Temperaturdifferenzschwelle überschreitet; und
3. (iii) ob eine Kombination der Rauchdichte und der Temperaturdifferenz eine Ungleichung erfüllt, die auf einer abnehmenden Funktion der Temperaturdifferenz mit einer Zunahme der Rauchdichte basiert.

From the DE 601 10 746 T2 For example, a fire detector is known with a smoke detector that detects a smoke density in a target environment; and a temperature detector detecting a temperature of the target environment to determine a temperature difference within a predetermined time interval. Further, thresholding means for providing a plurality of key criteria for determining the presence of a fire, the main criteria comprising:

1. (i) whether the smoke density exceeds a first smoke threshold;
2. (ii) whether the temperature difference exceeds a first temperature difference threshold; and
3. (iii) whether a combination of the smoke density and the temperature difference satisfies an inequality based on a decreasing function of the temperature difference with an increase in the smoke density.

A control device is further provided which checks the detected temperature difference and the detected smoke density with respect to the main criteria so as to provide a fire warning signal indicative of a possible fire presence when one of the above main criteria is met, the fire detection system operating in different modes can be operated, which differ from each other by modifying at least one of the main criteria by changing the first smoke threshold, the first temperature difference threshold, and / or the inequality, the controller being further configured to detect the detected temperature difference and the detected smoke density with respect to check stringent criteria that are analogous to the main criteria, but have lower thresholds and an inequality function, each different from those of the main criteria, to provide a fire index that indicates which of the stringent criteria in which number of events within a previous predetermined period of time has been met, and wherein the control device is configured to select one of the different modes depending on this fire index.

This fire alarm is not yet optimally designed. The evaluation of the main criteria requires a large number of recalculations and comparisons and is therefore complicated and prone to failure. Furthermore, an adaptation of the main criteria to the different operating modes is required.

From the generic EP 0 418 409 A1 and WO 96/04631 A1 is a fire detector for monitoring a room known. The fire detector has a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor. The fire detector has a read-only memory, wherein in the read-only memory a conversion table, ie a matrix is stored. By means of the conversion table, a correction factor can be assigned to the measured ambient temperature with which the smoke density can be computationally compensated.

The invention is therefore based on the object to design a fire detector and further, so that the susceptibility of the fire alarm is reduced and a complex evaluation is avoided, whether an excess of the temperature threshold or smoke density threshold is present, the risk of false alarms is significantly reduced.

This task is solved for the fire detectors by storing a matrix in the memory, the matrix containing combination values, wherein one of the combination values can be assigned by means of the matrix to the measured temperature and the measured smoke density, the combination value exceeding or falling short of the temperature threshold value and / or the smoke density threshold. The temperature threshold is vzw from the smoke density. so dependent that the higher the measured temperature, the lower the smoke density values are sufficient to trigger an alarm. The smoke density threshold is from the Temperature vzw. so dependent that the higher the measured smoke density, the lower, measured temperatures are sufficient to trigger an alarm. This makes it possible to distinguish between smoke sources, which, however, do not lead to an increase in temperature and real fires, which also lead to an increase in temperature. Even if a maximum smoke density threshold - when an alarm is triggered when it is reached - has not yet been reached, a fire can be determined based on the measured temperature. Is the apartment but only slightly smoky, for example, if a meal in the oven or on the Stove is burned, and there is no increase in temperature, then no alarm is triggered. Exceeding the temperature threshold and / or the smoke density threshold can be checked in a simple manner by a matrix. The fire detector has a memory, wherein the memory is stored in the matrix. The matrix contains combination values. By means of the matrix, the measured temperature and the measured smoke density can be assigned to one of the combination values, wherein the combination value indicates the overshooting or undershooting of the temperature threshold value and / or the smoke density threshold value. A recalculation of the temperature threshold and / or the smoke density threshold in each measurement is therefore eliminated.

The fire detector has vzw. a first radio, wherein the fire detector is configurable with further fire detectors after a first startup via the first radio to a wireless network. Each fire detector has vzw. Furthermore, a second radio, wherein, for example, in the event of an alarm message via the second radio to a destination address can be sent. The second radio is designed for communication with a base station or a BTS. This has the advantage that the fire detectors themselves act as a transmission unit. A separate transmission unit for sending the message to the destination address is no longer necessary. By sending the alarm information to the destination address, the message vzw. forwarded to a monitoring center. The destination address may be the address of the monitoring center or the address of a mobile telephone, landline telephone, an IP address or the like. The messages may be data, text, voice or video messages. Since all fire detectors can provide a connection with the monitoring center via the second radio, the susceptibility of the network connection to the monitoring center is minimized. Even if one or more fire detectors can not establish a connection to the monitoring center via the second radio, a message or alarm information on the first radio to the other fire detectors are forwarded, so that the other fire detectors forward the message to the monitoring center via the second radio can. Due to a large number of fire detectors combined with each other automatically to form a meshed network, which also function as transmission relays for one another, a lower susceptibility to interference arises compared with a single transmission unit. The system presented here is according to the invention also so designed to check itself periodically for its functional reliability. The totality of the fire detectors form a self-organizing monitoring and alarm system, which consists of at least one, but practically a plurality of similar fire detectors, which are designed so that they can be commissioned within a room unit to be secured - for example, an apartment or a building - Configure automatically to a meshed ad-hoc radio network with the aim of monitoring these premises for undesirable conditions arbitrarily metrologically, but also at the same time both acoustically and visually and chemically and when exceeding or falling below preset values, this state to a or several preset destination addresses or to report to the monitoring center. Such a fire alarm or such a monitoring and alarm system can also individually and periodically recurring readings of other systems as relays such as electricity meters, water meters or thermocouples of heaters. The first radio is designed for local communication with the other fire detectors. The first radio is vzw. designed as an ISM module. The second radio is designed for communication with an external base station of a particular public mobile radio network. In particular, the second radio means has a higher maximum transmission power than the first radio. The first radio is designed in particular as a short-range radio to short-range radio. Such short-range radio resources are also referred to as SRD (Short Range Device) or LPD (Low Power Device). The maximum transmission power of short-range radio is regulated in national regulations. For example. in Germany the maximum transmission power is 10 mW in the frequency range 433.05 to 434.79 MHz. The second radio is vzw. as a GSM module and / or formed as a UMTS module. The maximum transmission power of a GSM radio in the uplink is, for example, 2 watts. The aforementioned disadvantages are therefore avoided and corresponding advantages are achieved.

Fig. 1

in einer stark schematischen Darstellung eine Übersicht über die wesentlichen Komponenten eines Brandmelders,

Fig. 2

in einer stark schematischen Darstellung mehrere zu einem Funknetzwerk verbundene Brandmelder, und

Fig. 3

in einem schematischen Diagramm eine Temperatur- Rauchdichte-Matrix.

There are now a variety of ways to design and further develop the fire detector according to the invention in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, reference may first be made to the claims subordinate to claim 1. In the following, a preferred embodiment of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing and the accompanying description. In the drawing shows:

Fig. 1

in a very schematic representation an overview of the essential components of a fire detector,

Fig. 2

in a highly schematic representation of several connected to a wireless network fire detector, and

Fig. 3

in a schematic diagram, a temperature smoke density matrix.

In Fig. 2 Several fire detectors 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 are shown. The fire detectors 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 are particularly identical in construction. In Fig. 2 Six fire detectors 20 to 25 are shown. However, the number of fire detectors 20 to 25 may also be less than or greater than six.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 are used to monitor a room (not shown in detail) and to trigger an alarm. The fire detectors 20 to 25 are designed in particular for triggering a fire alarm. The fire detector 20 to 25 is preferred for monitoring fires, but not mandatory to install centrally on each ceiling of a room to be monitored.

Based on Fig. 1 The essential components of the fire detectors 20 to 25 may be explained below:

Each of the fire detectors 20 to 25 described here has vzw. a housing and a board (not shown).

The fire detectors 20 to 25 have vzw. each one controller 1. The controller 1 is used to control and regulate the fire detectors 20 to 25. The fire detectors 20 to 25 may each have an operating system and programs, wherein the operating system and the programs with the controller 1 are executable.

Each fire detector 20 to 25 has at least one sensor. The sensor can be designed in particular as a smoke sensor 2. As a measured value, a smoke density can be detected with the smoke sensor 2. The smoke sensor 2 may in particular be designed as an optical sensor (not shown in more detail) and arranged in a measuring chamber. In the measuring chamber light pulses are generated. These light pulses In the smokeless state of the measuring chamber, do not hit the optical sensor. When smoke enters the measuring chamber, the light pulse is scattered by the smoke. The scattered light then falls on the optical sensor. The scattered light intensity is used to determine the smoke density.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 have vzw. as a further sensor, a temperature sensor 3. As a measured value, the ambient temperature of the fire detectors 20 to 25 can be detected with the temperature sensor 3.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 have a piezoelectric element 4. Via the piezoelectric element 4, an audible alarm signal can be output when an alarm is triggered by exceeding or falling below a limit value.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 have vzw. a speaker 5 on. The fire detectors 20 to 25 have vzw. a microphone 6 on. Through the microphone 6, the rooms can be monitored acoustically. The fire detectors 20 to 25 can be used with the speaker 5 and the microphone 6 as a transmitting and / or receiving part of a baby monitor. Further, voice communication can be provided with the speaker 5 and the microphone 6. It is conceivable to provide a voice connection between different fire detectors 20 to 25 and / or between one of the fire detectors 20 to 25 and the destination address.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 have in particular a light source 8. The light source 8 is particularly switched on when an alarm is triggered. The light source 8 then illuminates the space to be monitored. The switched-on light source 8 facilitates orientation, in particular, when smoke has already penetrated into the room. The combination of the light source 8 with the triggering of the alarm makes it easier to find an escape route and therefore increases safety.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 have a power source 9. The power source 9 may be formed by batteries or rechargeable batteries.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 have a first radio 11. The fire detectors 20 together with the other fire detectors 21 to 25 configure after a first startup via the first radio means 11 to a radio network. This is in Fig. 2 indicated by the connecting lines between the fire detectors 20 to 25. The first radio 11 is vzw. designed for local communication with the other fire detectors 20 to 25. The first radio 11 is as a short-range radio vzw. designed as an ISM module. The first radio means 11 has in particular a synchronization unit, so that the fire detectors 20 to 25 immediately after switching on Vzw. synchronize via ISM band. When the fire detectors 20 to 25 are turned on in turn, the transmission and reception cycles of the first radio 11 are tuned to each other within a certain initialization period.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 have a memory 10. A routing table can be stored in the memory 10. Furthermore, preset threshold values are stored in the memory 10. Each of the fire detectors 20 to 25 is assigned in particular an individual identification feature. Within the initialization period, the identification feature is exchanged with all neighbor fire detectors 20 to 25, to which a radio link of sufficient quality is possible via the first radio means 11. In each fire detector 20 to 25, a routing table is established. The routing table is stored in memory 10. The routing table contains information about all connection possibilities in the local radio network.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 each have at least one control element 12, vzw. several controls 12 on. With the control element 12, an alarm can be turned off.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 each have an internal bus system 13. The bus system is used for data transmission between several modules and the controller 1. The bus system 13 connects in particular several slots, with additional modules can be added to the slots. The fire detectors 20 to 25 can be individually adapted and retrofitted or upgraded with additional modules. This opens up a variety of applications for the fire detectors 20 to 25.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 have vzw. a camera 14 on. By the camera 14 of the room to be monitored can be viewed. The image recorded by the camera 14 may be transmitted via the first radio 11 within the radio network to get redirected. The camera 14 is vzw. connected via a slot to the bus system 13. The camera 14 can serve to monitor burglary of the room.

Furthermore, the fire detectors 20 to 25 may have a motion detector 15. Furthermore, the fire detectors 20 to 25 may have a light sensor 16. The motion detector 15 is vzw. connected via a slot to the bus system 13.

Furthermore, the fire detectors 20 to 25 may have a gas sensor 17. A fire creates carbon dioxide. The gas sensor 17 may be designed for the detection of carbon dioxide. It is conceivable that the fire detectors 20 to 25 further sensors 18 have. The gas sensor 17 and / or the other sensors 18 are vzw. connected via a slot to the bus system 13.

If it exceeds or falls below a certain threshold value, a message with alarm information can be sent to at least one destination address. This is in Fig. 2 indicated by the outgoing fire detectors 21 arrow (not specified).

It is particularly advantageous that a second radio means 7 is provided (see. Fig. 1 ), wherein the alarm information about the second radio means 7 is sendable to the destination address. This has the advantage that the fire detectors 20 to 25 all can separately send the alarm information of the ad hoc network to the destination address. The second radio means 7 is designed in particular as a GSM module and / or as a UMTS module. The second radio 7 has a SIM card. The second radio 7 sends the alarm information to an external base station (not shown) of a mobile network 26. About the mobile network 26, the alarm information 26 is forwarded to the monitoring center 50.

The monitoring center 50 has vzw. a mobile radio access 51, in particular a GSM / UMTS access. About the mobile network 26 and the mobile access 51, the alarm information and other messages, eg. By SMS and / or MMS the monitoring center 50 zuleitbar. Furthermore, a voice connection can be established to each of the fire detectors 20 to 25 via the mobile radio network 26. Each Fire detector 20 to 25 is associated with a unique identification feature (not shown). Each fire detector 20 to 25 has a SIM card with a phone number. The phone number serves vzw. as an identification feature.

The monitoring center 50 has an Internet access 52. Internet access 52 can be provided by a DSL connection and a computer. The second radio 7 can forward a message via the mobile radio network 26 and via a suitable interface to the Internet 27 and further via the Internet access 52 of the monitoring center 50.

The monitoring center 50 has a fixed telephone access 53, also referred to as Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) access. The fixed telephone access 53 can be contacted via the second radio 7 and corresponding interfaces. The second radio 7 can establish a voice connection via the mobile radio network 26 and the PSTN network 28 to the monitoring center 50.

By sending the alarm information to the destination address, the alarm information vzw. forwarded to the monitoring center 50 (see. Fig. 2 ). Since all the fire detectors 20 to 25 can provide a connection with the monitoring center 50 via the second radio 7, the susceptibility of the connection of the network to the monitoring center 50 is minimized. Even if one or more fire detectors 20 to 25 can not establish a connection to the monitoring center 50 via the second radio 7, an alarm information or another message on the first radio 11 can be forwarded to the other fire detectors 20 to 25, so that the other fire detector 20 to 25 via the second radio 7 can forward the alarm information to the monitoring center 50. Due to the multiplicity of radio detectors 20 to 25, which automatically combine to form a meshed radio network, which also function as a transmission relay for each other, a lower susceptibility to interference arises in comparison to a single transmission unit. The system presented here is vzw. It is also designed to periodically check itself for its functional safety.

The fire detectors 20 to 25 are switched on after installation in sequence. After switching on, a predefined initialisation period begins. The initialization period can be, for example, about 5-10 minutes. Within the initialization period, after switching on, all the fire detectors 20 to 25 synchronize in sequence via the first radio 11, in particular so by ISM band so that they tune the transmission and reception cycles, the respective one-time assigned identification feature vzw. the SIM card numbers with all neighboring fire detectors 20 to 25, to which a radio link of sufficient quality is possible, exchange and store in their routing table.

After completing this procedure vzw. the second radio means 7, in particular the GSM / UMTS modules, are switched on via the controller 1 and cause a connection to be established with the respective BTS of the mobile radio network operator. Vzw. In this case, the connection quality is determined via the second radio 7 to the BTS. The quality of the connection via the second radio 7 is verifiable, namely whether a direct connection to a base station of the mobile network 26 is. The connection quality is vzw. passed to the controller 1 and the memory 10. The memory 10 is vzw. designed as a flash memory. This has the advantage that data in the memory 10, for example the routing table and the matrix can be stored non-volatile, i. storable without permanent supply voltage.

Vzw. Each fire detector 20 to 25 determines how well its connection via the second radio 7 or its GSM / UMTS connection in the respective mobile network 26 is. The quality of the connection is due to the spatially different location in the apartment or building due to the associated greater or lesser attenuation by the building better or worse, or even completely insufficient for even a GSM / UMTS connection to the BTS.

In the event that one of the second radio 7 or a GSM / UMTS module one of the fire detectors 20 to 25 can not establish sufficient connection to a BTS, this fire detector divides 20 to 25 vzw. the other fire detectors 20 to 25, to which this fire detector 20 to 25 has a good connection via the first radio 11 or via the ISM connection according to the routing table, this with.

Vzw. the neighbor fire detector switches 20 to 25 with the best connection via the first radio 11 or with the best ISM connection (high signal level, low bit error rate) to the fire detector 20 to 25, no connection via the second radio 7 or can not establish a GSM / UMTS connection, as a relay for this one.

This has the consequence that all messages such as a cyclically polled functional test result of the own system, the battery state of charge, the exceeding of a preset measured value, the bidirectional voice transmission, the image transmission of the camera 14 and other measured values via the first radio 11 - by ISM band - of the "connectionless" fire detector 20 to 25, which has no GSM / UMTS connection, this "connected" neighbor fire detectors 20 to 25, which has "declared" as relay, transmitted to this neighbor fire detector 20 to 25 these messages then transmitted to the monitoring center 50.

Vzw. shows each fire detector 20 to 25 after completing the configuration of any number of installed fire detectors 20 to 25 to a meshed wireless network optically by indicating cyclic lighting od. Like. Whether the meshed wireless network is fully configured or not yet.

Vzw. each fire detector 20 to 25 after successful configuration of the meshed radio network basically in sufficiently short intervals the respective smoke density on the dedicated smoke sensor 2 and at the same time the respective temperature on the temperature sensor 3. When exceeding a temperature threshold and when a smoke density threshold is exceeded, an alarm triggered.

The temperature threshold depends on the smoke density and / or the smoke density threshold is dependent on the temperature. The temperature threshold depends on the smoke density and the smoke density threshold depends on the temperature. This has the advantage that the risk of false alarms is significantly reduced.

The disadvantages mentioned above are now avoided by storing a matrix in the memory 10, the matrix containing combination values, wherein one of the combination values can be assigned by means of the matrix to the measured temperature and the measured smoke density, the combination value exceeding or falling below the value Temperature threshold and / or the smoke density threshold indicates.

The fire detector 20 to 25 has the memory 10, wherein in the memory 10, a matrix is stored. The matrix contains combination values, whereby one of the combination values can be assigned by means of the matrix to the measured temperature and the measured smoke density. The combination value indicates the overshoot or undershoot of the temperature threshold and / or the smoke density threshold value.

The measured temperature and the measured smoke density are compared with temperature and smoke density dependent thresholds. The measured temperature and smoke density are thereby correlated with each other. The measured temperature and smoke density are correlated with each other in their dynamic course. The correlation is vzw. by means of in Fig. 3 represented matrix.

The combination values provide a measure of the fire probability taking into account the correlation of the temperature and the smoke density. By means of the matrix, the measured temperature and the measured smoke density can each be assigned to one of the combination values. Depending on the coordination value, an alarm can be triggered.

The temperature threshold drops with increasing smoke density. The higher the measured smoke density, the lower measured temperatures are sufficient to trigger an alarm. The temperature threshold is a vzw. monotonically decreasing function of smoke density.

The smoke density threshold drops with increasing temperature. The higher the temperature, the lower the smoke density values are sufficient to trigger an alarm. The smoke density threshold is a vzw. monotonically decreasing function of temperature. If the smoke density threshold and / or the temperature threshold are present as a mathematical function, they can be calculated with the fire detector 20 to 25 for each measured temperature and smoke density of the temperature threshold and / or the smoke density threshold. In the following, however, a simpler method is described, wherein the threshold values do not have to be recalculated each time, but the overshooting and undershooting of the smoke density threshold value and the temperature threshold value can be determined by means of a matrix.

Each column of the matrix is assigned a ratio or ratio interval of the measured smoke density to a maximum smoke density threshold in percent. If this ratio is 100%, or the measured smoke density value exceeds the maximum smoke density threshold, an alarm is triggered.

If the measured smoke density is less than the maximum smoke density threshold, the correlation with the matrix is determined. Each line of the matrix is assigned a temperature or a temperature interval, for example 25 ° C to 27.5 ° C or 27.5 ° C to 30 ° C. Each pair value consisting of the measured smoke density and the measured temperature can thus be assigned a combination value. The matrix contains the combination values. The combination value indicates the overshoot or undershoot of the temperature threshold and / or the smoke density threshold value.

The combination values therefore depict the correlation of the smoke density with the temperature. In Fig. 3 is a boundary line (unspecified) drawn, this limit shows that the temperature threshold depends on the smoke density and the smoke density threshold is dependent on the temperature. All pair values consisting of the measured smoke density and the measured temperature below the limit line trigger an alarm. All pair values above the limit line do not trigger an alarm. All pair values consisting of the measured smoke density and the measured temperature on one side of the boundary line lead to the triggering of an alarm. All pair values on the other side of the boundary do not trigger an alarm.

This matrix ( Figure 3 ) maps the empirical smoke density values as well as the empirical temperature values to a combined value. From the combination value can be concluded with sufficient probability in each case on a fire.

Thus, fires are recognized by their increasingly dynamic heat development, even if the derivation from the smoke density alone still does not allow a sufficient maximum threshold for a fire, but the parallel actual development of the smoke density in comparison with the temperature development and vice versa.

Also, according to the invention, fires are recognized not only by their increasingly dynamic smoke density, but even before reaching a maximum threshold value for the smoke density, since a sufficiently dynamic increase in temperature already indicates this in parallel.

Vzw. If only one preset threshold value, measured by one of the fire detectors 20 to 25, is reached, it is queried how the measured values of the other fire detectors 20 to 25 belonging to the radio cluster are, even if they have not yet reached a threshold value set there. At the same time a vzw. digital image taken by one of the equipped with a camera 14 fire detector 20 to 25 and sent to the monitoring center 50, for example. By MMS. Should a GSM / UMTS connection or another connection of these fire detectors 20 to 25 in the mobile radio network 26 or another network not be present via the second radio means 7, it will be transmitted via the first radio communication means 11 (ISM module) or another cable one or more fire detectors 20 to 25 sent so that one of the fire detectors 20 to 25 with a mobile connection via the second radio means 7 (GSM / UMTS or the like) also performs the image transmission (MMS).

The same applies to the case when a threshold is reached in one of the fire detectors 20 to 25. For the fire detector 20 to 25 is vzw. adjustable, in which order individual actions are executed:

For example, an acoustic alarm can first be triggered via the piezoelectric element (s) 4 in the one fire detector 20 to 25, which has measured this threshold excess.

The other detectors 20 to 25, which can be reached via the first radio means 11 or controlled by radio (ISM), which belong to the unit of the local radio cluster, can then be notified, so that the other fire detectors 20 to 25 likewise trigger an acoustic alarm ,

If the audible alarm does not occur mechanically via any of the controls 12 within a predefined time period, e.g. 30 to 60 seconds is turned off, via the second radio 7, a GSM / UMTS alarm from one or all of the cluster belonging fire detectors 20 to 25 deducted. Alternatively, only predefined special individual fire detectors 20 to 25 can set off the alarm via the second radio 7.

These actions can also take place in reverse order of time or in parallel; this is individually scalable.

The same applies to the construction of a vzw. bidirectional voice connection via the second radio 7 or by GSM / UMTS to an arbitrarily presettable telephone line or even several, both temporally parallel and sequential and vzw. also by SMS or other digital transmission to an arbitrary presettable addressee such. also to one or more automatic devices for further action.

In summary, the following can be stated:

In the basic equipment, the fire detectors 20 to 25 are similar. The fire detectors 20 to 25 are used for smoke density monitoring in simultaneous comparison with a temperature control. The measured smoke densities and the measured temperatures are correlated with each other. In particular, a combination value is assigned to these pair values. On the basis of the combination value is first an audible alarm and parallel or later on via a second radio 7 wireless alarm triggered. The second radio 7 may be formed as a GSM module.

It is envisaged that several of the fire detectors 20 to 25 within a defined Initialisierungszeitspanne after the first startup communicate with each other via a first radio means 11 so that in each fire detector 20 to 25 a routing table is generated. From the routing table, each fire detector can read 20 to 25, whether this fire detector 20 to 25 even directly via the second radio 7 a (GSM) radio alarm can settle or this - eg. Due to the damping by masonry - only another fire detector 20 to 25 can be done as a relay. From the routing table, each fire detector 20 to 25 can also read, for which other the fire detector 20 to 25 of the resulting meshed radio cluster of fire detectors 20 to 25 may need to act as a relay itself. The routing table contains information about all connections within the network via the first radio 11 and vzw. Information about all possible connections via the second radio 7 to the BTS.

These so radio technically interconnected to a meshed radio cluster or wireless network fire detectors 20 to 25 are in particular designed so that in the event of an outgoing to the monitoring center 50 alarm - vzw. GSM radio alarms - even one of the fire detectors 20 to 25 and all other belonging to the cluster fire detectors 20 to 25 such an alarm - vzw. GSM radio alarm - trigger. The respective measured values of the individual fire detectors 20 to 25 are transmitted to this monitoring center 50. The network or cluster or radio cluster is formed by the first radio means 11. The monitoring center 50 initiates an intervention, for example by the fire brigade or police, and forwards the respective measured values from all rooms to the intervention forces.

Vzw. Each fire detector 20 to 25 contains a unique identification feature, for example. A SIM card or a SIM chip, to which the user in each case the exact position in the building is transmitted to the monitoring center 50 immediately after installation.

The fire detector 20 to 25 contains vzw. a loudspeaker 5 and a microphone 6, controlled via either the second radio means 7 contained - the GSM module - or, where the second radio means 7 has no connection to the mobile network 26, driven by the first radio 11 - the ISM module - so, that with all that Fire detectors belonging to each cluster 20 to 25, a bidirectional voice connection to the monitoring center 50 or to another destination address is established.

The fire detector 20 to 25 contains a light source 8. The light source 8 may be formed in particular as an LED. In the event of an alarm, the LED or light source 8 in each belonging to the cluster fire detector 20 to 25. The fire detector 20 to 25 is vzw. scalable to accommodate other modules such as the motion detector 15 and the camera 14 (for burglary monitoring) but also from the gas sensors 17 or other sensors 18 suitable.

A remote control allows the switching on and off of individual modules and their functions, such as a remote monitoring of a baby monitor via one or more mobile telephones 54 and / or devices connected to the Internet. The remote control is vzw. as a radio remote control for communication via the first radio 11 is formed. Vzw. the remote control is designed as an ISM remote control.

GSM

= Global System for Mobile Communication

GPRS

= General Packed Radio Service

UMTS

= Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

EDGE

= Enhanced Date Rates for GSM Evolution

ISM

= Industrial Scientific and Medical Band

SMS

= Short Message Service

MMS

= Multimedia Messaging Service

PSTN

= Public Service Telephone Network

IP

= Internet Protocol

DSL

= Digital Subscriber Line

BTS

= Base Transceiver Station

For the purpose of the present invention, the following abbreviations and expressions are to be understood as follows:

GSM

= G lobal S ystem for M obile Communication

GPRS

= G eneral P acked R adio S ervice

UMTS

= U niversal M obile T elecommunication S ystem

EDGE

= E nhanced D ate Council for G SM E volution

ISM

= Industrial Scientific and M edical Band

SMS

= S hort M essage S ervice

MMS

= M ultimedia M essaging S ervice

PSTN

= P ublic S ervice T elephone N etwork

IP

= I nternet P rotocol

DSL

= D igital S ubscriber L ine

BTS

= B ase T ransceiver S tation

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 controller 2 smoke sensor 3 temperature sensor 4 piezo element 5 speaker 6 microphone 7 second radio 8th light source 9 power source 10 Storage 11 first radio 12 controls 13 Bus system 14 camera 15 motion detector 16 light sensor 17 gas sensor 18 additional sensors 20 fire alarm 21 fire alarm 22 fire alarm 23 fire alarm 24 fire alarm 25 fire alarm 26 mobile network 27 Internet 28 PSTN 50 monitoring center 51 mobile access 52 Internet access 53 Fixed telephone access 54 mobile phone

Claims (14)

1. A fire detector (20 to 25) for monitoring a room and for triggering a fire alarm, with a smoke sensor (2) and with a temperature sensor (3), wherein a smoke density is measurable with the smoke sensor (2) and a temperature is measurable with the temperature sensor, wherein, if a temperature threshold value is exceeded and/or a smoke density threshold value is exceeded, an alarm is triggerable, wherein the temperature threshold value is dependent on the smoke density and/or the smoke density threshold value is dependent on the temperature, wherein the fire detector (20 to 25) has a memory (10), wherein a matrix is stored in the memory (10), characterized in that the matrix contains combination values, wherein one of the combination values can be allocated by means of the matrix to the measured temperature and to the measured smoke density, wherein the combination value indicates the exceeding or understepping of the temperature threshold value and/or the smoke density threshold value.
2. The fire detector as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the temperature threshold value is dependent on the smoke density in such a way that, the higher the measured temperature, the lower the smoke densities which are sufficient to trigger an alarm.
3. The fire detector as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the smoke density threshold value is dependent on the temperature in such a way that, the higher the measured smoke density, the lower the measured temperatures which are sufficient to trigger an alarm.
4. The fire detector as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first radio means (11) is provided, wherein, following an initial commissioning, the fire detector (20 to 25) is configurable with further fire detectors (20 to 25) via the first radio means (11) to form a radio network.
5. The fire detector as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that a second radio means (7) is provided, wherein a message is transmittable via the second radio means (7) to at least one destination address.
6. The fire detector as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the first radio means (11) is designed as a short-range radio means, in particular as an ISM module.
7. The fire detector as claimed in claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the second radio means (7) is designed for communication with a base station of a mobile radio network (26) and, in particular, as a GSM module and/or as a UMTS module.
8. The fire detector as claimed in claims 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that a unique identification feature is allocated to the fire detector (20 to 25), wherein the identification features are exchangeable with further fire detectors (20 to 25) within an initialization time span via the first radio means (11), wherein a routing table is creatable and storable in the memory (10).
9. The fire detector as claimed in one of the preceding claims 5 - 8, characterized in that the fire detector (20 to 25) is designed to receive messages from other fire detectors (20 to 25) via the first radio means (11), and these messages are forwardable via the second radio means (7) to the destination address.
10. The fire detector as claimed in one of the preceding claims 5 - 8, characterized in that the connection quality is verifiable via the second radio means (7), wherein it can be verified whether a possibility for direct connection to a base station of a mobile radio network (26) exists.
11. The fire detector as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gas sensor (17) is provided.
12. The fire detector as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a loudspeaker (5) and a microphone (6) are provided.
13. The fire detector as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a two-way voice connection can be set up to a monitoring control center (50) or to another destination address.
14. The fire detector as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a light source (8), in particular an LED, is provided, wherein the light source (8) can be activated by triggering the alarm.

Images