DE19834719A1 - Safety device for controlling and / or monitoring predetermined rooms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a safety device for controlling and/or monitoring defined rooms, comprising a control device, which is connected to an operating unit, sensors and a signaling device. The invention is characterized in that the actuating elements of the operating unit are embodied exclusively by virtual key symbols represented on a screen, the control device comprises an internal memory in which identification numbers of a similar safety device can be stored and in which a code which unambiguously identifies the safety device itself is stored, and the threshold for the output of information can be automatically modified by means of the control device in accordance with the environmental conditions detected by the sensors. The invention also provides for a communication device for establishing contact with similar safety devices.

Description

1. Introduction and device description

The safety device presented here, in the following always called UCS, represents a combination of each for known components. However, it is unique the complex merging of all functions and environmental information mations in one device and their interaction.

A single processor gets all the information and takes over all tasks of the UCS. That usually changes Resulting timing problems are compounded by more sophisticated Specialized uses of hardware and software solved. So it will DTMF de / encoder except for the generation and recognition of telephone signals for data transmission via both BUS systems as well as for the generation of bell and alarm signals det.

The exclusive parameterization of the entire device Software make this device absolutely universal. From the Kon key setting up to signal strength control of all Ana log signals, all processes are digitally recorded, processed tet and controlled. This not only enables an extreme compact design of the device, in terms of circuitry too succeeded, despite the multiple functions without a single one Adjustment controller or DIP switch. This device is software-supported from the adjustment of the light barriers to the address sation of participants and level settings e.g. for the Hands-free functions self-parameterizing.

Great importance was attached to a high and very simple operation comfort. So UCS has no mechanical buttons. It therefore comes a very large and graphics-capable display with a Multi-colored lighting specially developed for this device which have only recently been used on the  Super bright light-emitting diodes (LED) on the market has been.

The operation takes place via situation and function related Keyboard overlays on the display. Wear and tear services are absolutely excluded. The disadvantages of since recently launched touch panel keyboards for LCD displays (very expensive and very scratch-sensitive) by developing an infrared controlled screen avoid groping.

The processor simultaneously works 16 programs completely independently dependent on each other and is therefore with the new possibilities comparable to WINDOWS '95/98 (multitasking). Alone 4 programs are only there for the proper work of the monitor another 12 programs. The entire soft and also Hardware has a very modular structure and also enables that Use of partial functions. Over a total of 60 off and 18 on the processor is connected to the periphery.

Up to 7 different types of communication can be mixed and / or partially used and opened simultaneously for functionality, handling and the way completely new ways of data transmission.

Another new feature is the BUS 1 / BUS 2 used , to which additional combination detectors (up to 255) can be connected. Both bus systems were separated for security reasons, although they function in principle in exactly the same way. This means that it is not possible to intervene in BUS 1 via an intercom system connected to BUS 2 in order to manipulate other combi detectors connected in the monitored security area.

The combination detector (which can also be sent by radio with a transceiver comprehensive environmental information in the form of measured values. The measured values from motion detectors, Hel  liquidity detectors, temperature detectors and (if required) gas / smoke detectors and acoustic detectors are transmitted. First the UCS decides whether and what actions based on the present who te should be started.

So an alarm decision based on the present measurement value of the motion detector in direct dependence of the hel speed and time (midday sun hits the sensor) and the temperature change within a time grid (heating runs up, season is also known to the UCS by radio clock) like. A simultaneous acoustic message in turn lowers the Tripping threshold.

And this is exactly where there is a great advantage of the UCS. There by having all the information available, UCS can do the same with the entire control system from the roller shutters to the heating take over, so here too from the sensor to the Zen traleinheit Multiple uses of the existing "intelligence" possible.

The large display and the exclusive software control possible even the presentation of site plans with the An show local danger messages as well as rule operations. The software can be operated through the V24 interface from a PC / laptop or even at any time via the existing one ne telephone interface all over the world the.

This in turn results in a completely new type of decentra len monitoring of e.g. Industrial complexes, even if the are scattered all over the world. It can be up to Connect 255 UCS's to a system. It is complete no matter whether this is via the BUS interfaces, via telephone or happens by radio. Whole holiday villages with one UCS each The house can be monitored and controlled. Through the combi detector, wel cher already exists in the form of the UCS itself, knows  e.g. the family in Germany also about the space and Outside temperatures in the Spanish weekend house.

Interconnection of UCS is either fixed (one system) or looser (many systems) coupling possible.

In a fixed coupling, all UCS work like a system and are in the same condition. There is a change Selective master-slave assignment. The change in state of a UCS immediately causes data exchange (via which interface whatever) to the other UCS, which immediately the same assume changed state. This makes every UCS practical always on site, be it continents far away.

This is possible because each UCS manages a state matrix internally, in which the states of all other permanently coupled UCSs are stored. All connection data are also stored in this matrix. Mixed communication types are also possible in which e.g. 3 UCSs communicate via radio, while two UCSs are connected to BUS 1 and 2 other UCSs can be reached by phone. This enables unexpected perspectives in both the monitoring and information and control areas (e.g. central control / monitoring of industrial complexes from one location).

In a loose coupling, the UCS monitor and support each other without, however, agreeing on a uniform status. This operating mode is necessary when setting up UCS systems in apartment buildings and wherever each UCS has its own safety and control area. Two loosely coupled UCS enable communication for two- way communication, ringing, door opening and general data exchange (staircase lighting, outside temperature, etc.) via BUS 2 , but are otherwise self-sufficient. The loose coupling is a basic state of the UCS, but can also be switched off.

A status matrix is also built up in the loose coupling. There are several reasons for this:

A UCS in residential unit (house) 1 knows exactly about the state of the UCS in WE (house) 2 in order to provide assistance if necessary. This is necessary for all types of alarms and emergency calls or for fault messages that could result in a system failure.

This information is of course also noticed by radio or via BUS 1 or BUS 2 by the other UCS and simply forwarded to all reachable UCS like a broadcast. This forwarding is completely uncontrollable by the user / operator of the UCS and is of course automatically limited to the radio path or to participants connected to BUS1 / BUS2. In order not to influence the actual tasks of the UCS for its own area, three priority levels are defined in the processing of the data traffic. The first priority is always to deal with your own concerns. The middle coupling described below follows in second priority and finally all the above-mentioned signals are forwarded. There are buffers for all 3 priorities for the intermediate storage of messages to be forwarded. Each buffer can hold up to 512 messages and process them one after the other according to the priorities.

Finally, the middle coupling causes a 'foreign' UCS 'not only signals such as alarms, emergency calls, malfunctions notices - but also displays. Here are all forms of the after Partnership assistance possible.

2. State of the art

It is relatively difficult to describe prior art ben, because a device in this combination and with these possibilities not even remotely on the market (European is?) exists.

So the following comparisons can only excerpts from the Present the possibilities of the UCS. In the comparative state the technology can therefore only focus on the functions according to the change speech and alarm systems can be received.

There is a special device for each of these areas technology on the market.

1. Intercom / ringing / opening the door

The market leaders here are Siedle and Ritto. This anla genes are technically mature in this respect, but by the missing interfaces and intelligence practically for none can be used in other areas. The devices are wide built analog and require a high adjustment and Installation effort.

2. Alarm systems

These systems are designed very specifically, so that in addition to nor Painter burglary / theft monitoring or emergency call and possibly also Fire detectors can be connected and managed. To on switching to security services there are digital dialers (DWG). For private connection to friends / neighbors etc. there analog dialers (AWAG). Choice of both types of intrusion Although possible, it would be very inflexible and very expensive (Price of both dialers: approx. 1200 DM in total). Flexible phone number Changes such as to the holiday location are not possible.

DWG's and AWAG's can only send information, not received and passed to a processor for further processing  ben. To do this, additional modems must be used. To al Le information opportunities are exhausted on a tele Telephone line currently requires 3 devices, of which the necessary Quite apart from agile interfaces.

There are wired and wireless alarm systems. Wire bond systems differ in turn from conventional systems wiring and the wire-saving BUS wiring.

While conventional wiring requires a high level of installation ons effort and special knowledge, this modern has BUS wiring has at least the disadvantage of expensive end devices. Intelligent BUS systems also parameterize themselves, manual All address coding is omitted - but this requires Technology has an even higher level of special knowledge and these devices are even more expensive.

It is the same for both types of system that a central unit overall management and signaling of the system takes over.

Wireless systems split up according to quality. Of the cheapest hardware store at a price of approx. DM 600 to the bandwidth is sufficient for a VdS system for approx. DM 10,000.

3. Disadvantages of current technology

The most decisive disadvantage is undoubtedly the fact that it is there is no device that is all so complex for UCS includes written functions and options.

It is therefore necessary to install at least one intercom, an alarm system with emergency and fire alarms and an automatic dialer. The disadvantages arising from this are:

• - High energy consumption due to separate power supply for each system supply (with everyone despite low power consumption in rest existing idle losses)
• - Intercom systems have no emergency power supply and are not functional in the event of a power failure
• - A network of many systems (no matter which commu nikationsweg) is not possible, so it should be practical in one Apartment building each participant have their own system. Ge mutual surveillance, radio support, neighborhood help fe etc. are absolutely not real with the conventional concepts lisable.
• - The motto "Every chain is as strong as its weakest link" applies particularly to conventional alarm technology. Even so high intelligence in the central processing units can cause a false alarm do not prevent if e.g. a motion detector or fire incorrectly triggers the detector. All on the market Chen detectors send results and no measured values to the Zentra unit. This means that control centers cannot actively participate in the UCS Intervene in the decision making process as to whether it is an alarm.

4. An overview of the structure of the safety device

• - Use of 31 partially highly specialized ICs
• - LCD screen with over 8000 individually addressable pixels ten
• - Program memory with 512 kByte flash for data retention also with Power failure (<10 years)
• - Clock buffered by lithium battery and RAM with 256 kByte Data storage
• - On-screen keyboard (touch screen) for display and processing Processing of up to 16 buttons  
• - Colored LCD lighting for additional information display lung
• - Serial V24 interface for connection to printers, PCs and modems for remote data transmission
• - Downloading new and customized software into the whole world possible
• - radio transeiver in the 27/40 MHz band for data and voice radio, in the safety-related functions all data transmissions are encrypted and acknowledged. Processor-controlled change over 40 channels.
• - Integrated DTMF dialer, which not only data and Er event memory to any programmed Sends from all over the world, but also with a PIN code be queried and control commands to the Submit internal processor for further processing can.
• - 7 different types of communication, alternating or simultaneously possible
• - Two 2-wire BUS connections, to which up to 255 participants can be connected and which enable all data transmission and speech functions. A direct voltage for supplying and battery backup of all connected modules can also be carried out via BUS 2 . Internal circuits not only ensure the perfect separation of DC, data and speech voltages - it doesn't matter in which polarity the two wires are clamped.
• - consistently software-controlled functions, digital amplification control, vibration suppression and Feedback monitoring for perfect hands-free function nen.
• - Two integrated speakers for an acoustically symmetrical Public address
• - Built-in condenser microphone for speech traffic and level measurements  
• - Constant processor monitoring through watch dog circuit and constantly running test programs
• - Integrated RESET IC for voltage monitoring and control restart after a power failure
• - time-dependent controllable volumes (0-max.) for sirens - / Acknowledgment signals as well as for the 1/2/3 sound gong
• - Internal clock with control functions, which via the receipt of the Time signal transmitter runs to the second and also automatic changeover from summer / winter time si created.
• - two integrated PIR motion detectors for room monitoring, Fire alarm, continuity counter, Light switching etc. on both sides of the UCS
• - integr. Temperature sensor for room temperature measurement and as Differential heat detector for fire detection
• - two integr. Brightness detector for twilight switches, Flam menu message etc.
• - integr. Gas sensor for gas / smoke detection and air alcohol measurement sung
• - Combined detectors which provide all environmental information via BUS1 or BUS2 tion from the installed rooms using Transfer measured values to the UCS (intelligent detectors)
• - Maximum security through simultaneous and mixed transfers alarm / fire / emergency calls via BUS interface, telephone dialer and acknowledged radio.
• - Radio processing in 3 different priority levels, which also allows third-party systems a Forward radio help call.
• - mutual radio support within a system for Er increasing the range (e.g. in a high-rise building)
• - external plastic signal transmitter in a very nice design, which also conventional, on the BUS and / or via Radio are coupled.
• - absolute security against sabotage of the whole system by the for each UCS has its own emergency power supply  supply and through the parallel and self-sufficient processing of the overall communication and security programs in every single component, be it a UCS in an apartment, a signaling device that Bell board or even the power supply for central supply all UCS.
• - Coupling of garages and vehicles on the street to the House system through radio connection at least one signal transmitter to the radio transmitters (very high Range by direct airway)
• - Each UCS (no matter what version) is unique, it gives approx. 15 million different code numbers
• - Highest security of data transmission through software encrypted code, which is up to 1 million different coding types managed
• - Programming of 1-255 independent and / or dependent Security areas
• - UKS global interconnection via telecommunications and thus spreading education from around the world running decentralized plants, which are a safety net form (interesting for international companies and equally interesting for monitoring the cottage in Spain from Germany)
• - Ringing and changing possible between the front door and cell phone Lich (forwarding when absent)
• - Remote control of various systems (heating, roller shutters etc.).
• - Status retrieval from all over the world using 4 that can be changed at any time up to 8-digit PIN code
• - Controlled SLEEP function (sleep mode) to save electricity with only battery operation.

5. Circuit diagram and circuit description 5.1. Basics

The circuit description is based on that as a system attached circuit diagrams of all three modules. Because of the below various tasks which each circuit part takes on, a division into assemblies appears in the form of a block circuit diagrams do not make sense. On the radio transceiver, wel cher from a commercially available transmitter / receiver in the 433 MHz band with 10 mW transmission power and represent the state of the art animals, is waived.

The modules are:

1. ES_Matrix board (multiplexer)

• - Infrared transmitter / receiver for screen scanning
• - Infrared receiver for remote control
• - Control of the display lighting

2. ES interface board

• - Connection technology and signal processing of the BUS lines (BUS1, BUS2)
• - Connection technology of the V24 interface
• - Connection technology and signal processing of the telephone interface
• - power supply

3. ES_processor board

• - Processor with input and output expanders
• - Connection technology for all other boards and for the LCD display
• - all sensors
• - analog signal amplifiers
• - digital signal controls
• - DCF radio clock
• - DTMF de- / encoder

In the circuit description, the circuit parts are modu explained across the board!

The following designations with consecutive numbering have been selected in the circuit diagram for better identification of the individual components:
BU xxx = sockets and socket strips
C xxx = capacitors
D xxx = diodes
Drxxx = chokes
IC xxx = integrated circuits
PL xxx = screw terminals
Rxxx = resistors
RE xxx = relay
Trxxx = transistors and the transformers.

The numbering is from left to right!

Many individual lines are especially in the processor board in one BUS: summarized (bold). All incoming and outgoing signal lines are labeled in black.

5.2. Circuit description 5.2.1 The overview

In order to enable any necessary cross reading, the content of the circuit description follows first

5.2.2. The processor

The entire circuit is controlled and monitored by a processor module IC 1 . This module is a one-chip computer and has the following properties:

• - non-volatile flash memory for the program (512 kByte)
• - RAM memory for data and tables (256 Kbyte)
• - 25 I / O ports
• - 4 analog inputs with 10 bit resolution
• - 2 serial interfaces
• - internal clock.

Very important and existential for the perfect The function of the UKS is the option of so-called tasks to run several programs at the same time.

Up to 32 programs run in parallel. Some programs me only have the task of perfect processing to monitor the other programs.

In this application this means that a program is running refreshes the display data while another res program text information converted into pixels, a program the keystrokes monitored, a program the telephone and queries the 2-wire bus interface etc.

It is very important to have a task that monitors each other Program (task) within a certain time window agreed program steps. Should this not be necessary this particular program will be re-created on its own starts. Together with one that also runs in parallel Watchdog task is thus reliably prevented that programs "hang up" in whole or in part or even the entire processor.

Another important feature is that it is time critical Actions of the process is possible, the computing power of the pro cessors, which normally affect the individual divided programs (task's) to change. This is how the play when receiving and sending a protocol via tele 70% of the computing power for creating and Coding of the protocol used.  

For example, because the resulting temporary slow Dar Position type on the display is practically not used at all notices since the process of changing the task priority only takes a maximum of 1.5 seconds.

5.2.3. Interface between processor and peripherals

Since significantly more I / O ports and analog measurement inputs are required for the entire control process, external expander ICs are controlled by the processor. To expand by 8 digital outputs each, TC 12 , 13 , 14 on the processor board and IC 2 and 3 on the matrix board are used. IC 17 expands the pulse counter input of the processor (PULSIN) to 4 inputs for radio clock, IR light barriers, radio receiver and audio tone evaluation. An analog measurement input is used via the 4-way analog switch IC 18 for the measurement value acquisition of both integrated PIR detectors and both brightness detectors.

In summary, the processor manages a total of 78 Ports which, depending on the type of circuit, as inputs and / or outputs as well as work digitally and / or analog.

For the entire data exchange there is a single 8-bit data bus (D0-D7 according to connections 2-9 on the processor IC7). A total of 15 chip select lines are provided for the selection of external ICs and modules.

The chip select lines activate the corresponding circuit part with a LOW and control in detail:
S0,1,2,3 (comes from IC7) = graphics processors of the LCD display
P0,1,2,3,4 (comes from IC9) = exit expander
E0 (comes from IC10) = input expander
X3,4,5,6 (comes from IC13) = digital potentiometer
CS (comes from IC12) = DTMF decoder / encoder.

5.2.3.1. Data exchange between DTMF decoder and processor

The type of data exchange between the processor and the peri Other parts should be based on the DTMF decoder / encoder IC19 to be refined.

First, the program decides whether to read information from IC 19 or send it to IC 19 via the data bus. Accordingly, the R / W line is set to high or low via the expander IC12 (PIN9). Assuming that data is being sent, the corresponding byte is now set on the data bus (pin 2-9 at IC7) (e.g. 255 8 × High). The D / I line of IC19 (PIN11) is either set to HIGH (a statue is to be sent) or LOW (information is sent for the output).

Now all necessary information for IC19 is available. The processor communicates this to the IC19 by Select line CS from IC19 (PIN10) via the expander IC12 LOW puts. After 1 msec, CS is switched to HIGH again and the same process is now for the next peripheral switching circle performed.

5.2.3.2 the management of the external inputs / outputs

The consistent monitoring and control of all functions of the UCS down to the analogue range requires a lot I / O ports that are not available from a processor can be put. A special driver software works here  what would be interrupt-controlled across the entire administration takes.

In principle, the 8-bit wide data bus now serves alternately also as an address bus. If the address is on D0-D7, is by the Aclk line at IC7 (PIN30) signals to the IC8 that Address. Via the address latch IC's IC9 (Outputs) and IC10 (inputs) will be output depending on Address the corresponding output (P0-P4 or E0) LOW switched, whereupon the chip select the addressed IC's now means that the data to be taken over on the data bus concerns. With an impulse on the DCLK line the processor (PIN31) this data is then adopted and are available at the exits.

It is possible to address up to 1920 inputs / outputs or to query. However, there is no need for this, especially then of course the speed aspect should not be neglected sigen is.

5.2.4. The phone interface 5.2.4.1. Circuitry of the telephone interface (see Interface board)

Due to the provisions of the telecommunications or Postge This circuit part is consistently based on compliance the parameters such as electrical isolation, AC and DC current load of the a / b connection. To the poten tial separation serves a transformer with a ratio of 1: 1. With a Be designed exactly for the telephone frequencies range from 400 Hz to 3.5 kHz, this has a change on the a / b side current resistance of 600 ohms and a DC resistance of 32 ohms. So these parameters are exactly in the range  a normal device such as a phone or call answer.

The electrical isolation is separated by the relay Windings of the transmitter and the optocoupler for detection a call signal guaranteed. The insulation voltage be carries at least 1.5 KV.

In the idle state, the relay RE 1 has dropped out and the transmitter TR2 has been connected to the BUS interface 1 (see below). Only the optocoupler IC1 is on the a / b line. The applied DC voltage on the phone side in the amount of about 40-65 volts is blocked by the capacitor C1.

5.2.4.2. Call acceptance

An incoming bell AC voltage is passed through by C1 sen and with the resistor R1 on the interface board the necessary measure is limited. The diode D1 ensures that only the right half-wave through the LED in the optocoupler TC1 controls.

On the secondary side there is a phototrans in the IC1 optocoupler sistor, which turns on with a signal and the condenser gate C2 charges through resistor R2 (10 kohm). The time constant is chosen so that only clear and at least 1.5 sec continuous call signals C2 to over 2.5 volts, eventu All short interference voltage peaks are eliminated.

The applied DC voltage reaches the processor board via the protective resistor R3 (10 kohm). Here, the expander input 8 is controlled by IC15 (PIN18) via the signal line T2. C2 discharges again on the interface board within approx. 5 seconds, but the processor will certainly recognize a call signal through at least one query per second.

Whether the call is accepted or not depends solely on the software and depends on both the current state of the UCS and the installation settings:

• 1. UKS is armed (on)
• 2. The room listening function is activated
• 3. UKS should always take off (can be set if UKS is an own extension)
• 4. Which data traffic with which priority content is found the BUS1 interface is currently taking place.

When the call is accepted, the signal line T1 is sent via the processor IC7 set to HIGH. This is done on the interface board a control of transistor TR1 and the telephone relay RE1 picks up. The transmitter TR2 is now switched on. The the resulting DC load of 32 ohms corresponds to Ab pick up a telephone handset. The signal exchange can begin and is explained below.

5.2.4.3 Hang up

The signal line T1 is simply switched to LOW and that Relay RE1 drops out again.

5.2.4.4 Establishing a connection

At this point it must first be noted that UKS excludes working in the meantime worldwide widespread DTMF procedure tet. The possibility of the outdated pulse dialing process is true feasible, but was not taken into account. The scarf device on ISDN systems is controlled by an answering machine, Fax machines etc. usually already existing a / b adapter without white  teres possible. A pure UCS variant for ISDN connections is is being considered and will soon be implemented with advancing ISDN technology implemented. The same also applies to a pure one D1 / D2 GSM radio variant.

UCS first decides whether there is a need to establish a connection. This depends on the following factors:

• 1. Type of coupling with other UCS's (fixed, medium, loose), wel che to be called
• 2. Current state
• 3. Data traffic and data priority on BUS1
• 4. general priority and need for the desired Connection.

If a connection is to take place, the "handset removed "by putting the relay on the interface board TR1 Controls RE1. Now there is a so-called audible tone evaluation, in which it is checked whether a permanent, intermittent or there is no dial tone at all.

The processor now switches on its pulse measurement input (PIN18). At the same time, IC17 is switched to input 4 (PIN2), to which the output of signal amplifier 2 from IC6 is connected.

The incoming sound signals are transmitted via the transformer TR2 on the Interface board decoupled with the Zener diodes D3 and D4 limited to permissible values and via R5 and C5 to the NF node on the processor board (signal line: NF) switched on feeds.  

Now the processor IC7 controls the 100-level digital poten tiometer IC5 until the pulse measurement input (PIN18 of IC7) measurable pulses occur.

The now empirically determined value of the digital potentiometer will for switching off tolerances and for reliable detection auto again increased by 30%. This determined value is used rigens also used for the following communication. So who the optimally and newly determined signal for each communication parameters set digitally. Quiet and bad connection As a result, the UCS itself largely manages its level corrected. Otherwise these gain values become even if used in the table of all connection parameters, so that the next time UKS will use it much faster he can adjust his experience.

Only now does the actual measurement of the impulses begin clearly indicate whether there is a dial tone (steady tone) whether it is busy or whether it is egg NEN extension connection.

If there is no dial tone, a short drop (100 msec) and pulling in the relay 'RE1 will attempt to free the line (blockage release). In an extension, an attempt is made to get an outside line by dialing a "0" (automatic outside line access). If this attempt also fails, UCS now waits 30 seconds and starts a new call attempt (a total of another 10 attempts at an interval of 1 min.). Fail all attempts ver examined UCS connect through the other commu nikationswege (BUS 1/2, radio) to reach.

Assuming that a dial tone is recognized, UCS gives now via the DTMF decoder IC19 on the processor board the tone sequence corresponding to the phone number in a standard standardized distance of 100 msec per digit.  

Under evaluation of the call signal, UCS is now waiting for a connection is established (the maximum waiting time is 30 sec.). The data exchange can now begin.

5.2.5. the BUS interfaces 1 + 2 5.2.5.1. Circuit technology

The great advantage of hardware and software multiple uses comes into its own here. In principle, both interfaces work in exactly the same way as the telephone interface. The only difference between the two BUS interfaces is that BUS 2 can also couple in DC voltage and that BUS 1 uses the hardware of the telephone interface as far as possible (switchover via relay RE1). A separation of BUS1 and 2 was necessary because BUS combi detectors connected to BUS1 by e.g. an intercom connection on BUS2 must not be influenced. It is also possible to forward an intercom connection on BUS2 immediately via a telephone connection (if you are not at home).

The coupling and decoupling of the low-frequency signals (data and As with the telephone interface via egg NEN transformer of the same design ensured. Except for the very good immunity to interference and Ent Coupling is achieved that the NF signal is symmetrical over the BUS is transmitted. External interference fields, which are in sync acting on both lines are therefore very effective under presses. Connections are just as secure as in Te telephone technology. Cable lengths of many hundreds of meters can can be bridged without any problems.  

Since the transformer is permanently connected to the BUS, the capacitors C3 and C4 or C9 and C10 ensure that no DC voltage can flow through the primary winding.

Via BUS2 there is the possibility of DC voltage in the load range from 10-24 volts for the power supply in the communica pauses and for battery backup for everyone on this BUS to provide connected UCS.

In order for DC voltage to be a polarity-independent feed solution (very easy to connect to the Installa tion), the voltage across 2 chokes Dr1 and Dr2 to one Bridge rectifier D7 out. The chokes prevent that AC signals <20 kHz (necessary for the call signal on 38 kHz) can be short-circuited via the rectifier.

The field effect transistor TR4 is a variable resistor for the switching on and off of the feed on the power side responsible. The use of an FET is at this point ideal as it is practically without power between one pass resistance of 0.03 ohms and a few mega ohms without significant ver pleasure services can be switched.

At this point you can see the advantage of one for everyone UCS own emergency power supply. Except for security against sabotage by switching off the central power supply the internal battery also the central supply of the UCS, if Data exchange or voice communication via BUS2 takes place.

Just like with a connection via the telephone interface the incoming sound signals will be via the transformer TR2 and / or coupled out on the interface board with the Zener diodes D3 and D4 or D5 and D6 to permissible values borders and via R5 and C5 or R6 and C6 to the NF-  Node on the processor board (signal line: NF) switched on feeds.

5.2.6 the serial interface (V24)

The serial interface works in the normal V24 standard and enables the connection of all possible devices with serial Interface (PC / Latop, printer, modem, etc.).

The connectors R × D and T × D are connected directly to the processor IC7 (PIN27 and PIN28). Necessary EMC measures are required already available in the processor.

The processor asks for every cold start (restart or RESET) first the interface, whether data or programs are loaded should be. This hardware internally in the processor module set mode allows it to be completely independent of the Software to load new programs. However, the downloading is of data via this interface e.g. also with the help of a Modems monitored by the software.

5.2.7. the provision of the negative contrast voltage

An LCD display always requires a negative operating voltage, to be able to adjust the contrast. Most displays he generate this tension internally. The contrast is with an on controller and for many devices through an externally accessible potentiometer set (see laptops).

To consistently follow the path of the complete software Not leaving the control system was a new procedure ren applied.

The processor has two separately controllable PWM channels (Pulse width modulation). These PWM channels are diverse in UCS  used. A channel is used, among other things, with the contrast in software by means of a variable frequency to control.

There is a voltage multiplier on the processor board The usual circuit technology with the diodes D1 to D8. The on the second and otherwise unused V24 interface of the processor module IC7 existing negative open circuit voltage of the RTS signals (-7.5 V on PIN24 and PIN29) are multiplied.

The time of the recharging processes of the capacitors C3, C7 and C13 be agrees the amount of the voltage increase and is by the PWM1 output regulated. An output frequency from 612 Hz to 16 kHz corresponds to a voltage swing from -5 volts to -18 volts. There ideal contrast control is possible with.

5.2.8 The analog signal amplifiers

A total of 7 highly specialized ICs are used to control and amplify all analog levels. These are located on the processor board. There are 5 signal paths, of which 4 are digitally controllable:

• 1. NF node <<< amplification <<< loudspeaker 1
• 2. NF node <<< amplification <<< speaker 2
• 3rd NF node <<< reinforcement <<< BUS 1 + telephone
• 4. NF node <<< reinforcement <<< BUS 2
• 5. Microphone <<< amplification <<< NF node.

5.2.8.1. Output amplifier

STEREO BTL audio amplifiers (IC1 and IC6) are used as output amplifiers, in which both channels are used separately and have the following and decisive advantages for this application:

• 1. symmetrical power outputs in bridge circuit, so high power stroke with low operating voltage and relative high load resistance (40 ohms) and problem-free symmetrical on coupling to the output transformers of the interfaces.
• 2. DC-controlled gain control and thus ho decoupling degree between the digital control IC's and the Analog signals.
• 3. Integrated electronic short-circuit and temperature protection all outputs.
• 4. practically no external circuitry necessary
• 5. Linear frequency response up to 40 kHz (important for the call signal generation and automatic feedback measurement and -regulation).

The NF signal inputs are interconnected and form ge together with the feeding of the microphone signals (IC16) and the DTMF-De / Encoders (IC19) the NF node of the circuit. All Low levels converge and become at this node depending on the control of the digital potentiometer on the cut put forwarded.

The control of the digital potentiometers must be precisely software-wise otherwise, in extreme cases it could happen that and outputs short-circuited in terms of AC voltage the one that leads to uncontrollable vibrations in the analog Circuit parts can lead.  

5.2.8.2. automatic vibration suppression and signal level regulation

At this point the automatic control and Readjustment or suppression of wild vibrations explained become. The extremely compact structure, possible manufacturing and temperature tolerances, different signal levels on the Interfaces and various other environmental conditions when using the UCS, it is imperative that the Monitor and control levels and uncontrollable vibrations regulate.

On the control side, the digital Po are again used for this tis used, with the help of each signal branch level can be influenced. Level values determined once are stored in the UCS memory and serve as experience values for the next communication, via which interface whatever.

How are the different analog signals now recognized and before differentiate everything from wild vibrations?

For this purpose, the pulse measurement input of the processor module is again used IC7 (PIN18) used. Since actually all 4 inputs of the Ana log switch IC17 are assigned, the input for the DCF clock module, which is used very rarely anyway is activated (maximum 4 times a day and with every cold start) ert.

The clock module is in via the output expander IC14 (PIN6) switched to stand-by mode. Now you can go over the freige switched input from IC17 the frequencies on the NF node can be read.

On purpose, neither a repeater nor ir which pulse shaper is used, although the pulse  Measuring input of the processor actually perfect rectangular nale demands.

One of the clear differences between digital and ana Log technology is that the signal forms are different. Analog signals are frequency and amplitude modulated and usually sinusoidal. Digital signals are, if any, only frequency modulated and have a constant LOW / HIGH level.

If an analog amplifier is overdriven, this goes in too the limit mode over and the sinusoidal half-waves nä a square wave signal. Exactly the fact that näm suddenly clearly identifiable impulses, no matter what cher frequency, and that with communication at least one according to the interface to be controlled Signal amplifier output at the NF node is ge uses to control the signal strength. The determined in this way The control value is calculated back by 30% to an average and transmit the active digital potentiometer as a setting value.

The incoming measured frequencies finally show that Processor also clearly indicates whether an uncontrollable Schwin gene is present. It is a fact that wild vibrations up to Megahertz range can range.

The pulse measurement input can measure frequencies up to 156 200 Hz. From the fact that in the UCS analog range maximum Usable frequencies of 40 kHz are processed Frequencies <80 kHz clearly detected as wild vibrations and can be controlled by reducing the currently active digital Po be effectively combated.  

A positive side effect is not only that it works again is to get by without any adjustment controls, but is the signal and vibration resistance of the entire UCS controllable at any time and for the respective ratio nisse automatically adjustable.

Otherwise, this principle is also used in the automatic Feedback control used.

5.2.8.3. Input amplifier (microphone)

A Spe is also used for the signal amplifier of the microphone zial-IC (IC16) used. It is not just for that Connection of condenser microphones also used at the UCS have been developed by intelligent noise assessment also ability, speech and background noise distinguish from each other and a corresponding control span to make available.

While the amplified microphone signal in turn NF node is fed in (PIN3 of IC16), with the Control signal at PIN6 regulates the transistor TR2, which like therefore exclusively on both control inputs for the loudspeaker chancer (IC1) acts.

Together with the automatic return described below Coupling control thus enables the UCS to function properly speaking function both within an intercom plant as well as within a telephone connection.

5.2.8.4. automatic feedback control

The scheme is based on the same principle as that under point 5.2.8.2 described vibration suppression implemented. Al However, the threshold of the detection frequency of <80 kHz  greatly reduced to 4 kHz and the pulses to be read in not from the NF node, but as for the audio evaluation determined at output L8 at IC17 (PIN2). That ensures one sufficient amplitude for the measurement input (now only interested still the frequency).

The low pass filter connected to the microphone amplifier IC16 blocks all frequencies caught by the microphone <3.5 kHz. If higher frequencies with con constant spectrum can be measured via the pulse measurement input, both speakers are immediately reduced by 1% each.

The feedback control is implemented within 1 ms per 1% (max. 200 control steps in one second) and therefore not disturbing, on the contrary, felt very effective.

A software-based time constant determines the time in which intervals there is another attempt at up-regulation (500 msec after the first feedback-free phase).

In the end result, the system is always on a stabi len value, which depends on the level conditions the communication partner continuously adjusts.

Incidentally, these values are also saved and as "Experience values" for the next communication as a starter position used.

5.2.9. Radio clock (circuit technology and evaluations)

The radio clock is primarily intended to ensure that the UCS ei ne always accurate time of day, but also season is available. When the UCS is started up for the first time, it is deposited Data extremely important. Should the automatic detection on due to poor radio reception (relatively unlikely)  not be possible, the operator is asked to enter the current time and date manually.

Secondly, but not that much less important, the integrated radio clock serves to significantly increase the Offer of information to the operator.

The time and date are important for the UCS because both parameters are an extremely important factor in the decision process of the UCS are, e.g. a burglary or Fire alarm must be triggered. As in the device area possible effects are mentioned here the measurement results of motion and fire detectors by sun irradiation and heating are taken into account.

An industrially manufactured radio clock mo is used here dul, which is no larger than a 1 Pfennig coin. This The module delivers the received time signals at the TTL level signals which are processed by the processor IC7 via the pulse Measuring input read in and deco be dated.

A special feature in the data log of the received time chensignales is that one does the second impulses constantly receives, but all other information such as day, Month, year, summer / winter time only within one minute be transferred in full. It follows that it is only possible receive complete information when the pulse Measurement input of the processor at least 1 and a maximum of 2 min. stan dig is switched through to the clock module.

In order to avoid loss of information due to the mute keying of the other 3 inputs of the analog switch (IC17), the input of the radio clock module is controlled only in the second priority. This means that whenever there is "nothing going on" at the other inputs, UCS reads the radio clock input. And if it is possible to read a complete time log due to the lack of communication, the internal clock and the date counter are automatically synchronized. This means that the synchronization intervals are fluid and, depending on the communication requirements, can be either 2 minutes or 24 hours. However, a forced synchronization (increase on priority level 1 ) takes place once a day (between 1 a.m. and 1 p.m.) in order not to miss possible switchovers between summer and winter time.

The structure of the DCF protocol should not be discussed further here to be gone as this is well known and state of the art Technology is.

5.2.10. Infrared light barriers (IRLS) 5.2.10.1. Circuit technology

All of the IRLS circuitry is on the Matrix board. All light barriers are controlled by the 8th Outputs of the expander IC3 and an output of the Ex panders IC2 (IR remote control).

There are 8 IRLS for scanning the screen, of which 4 horizontally and 4 vertically. It will only be one Half of the screen scanned to have the opportunity, too while operating buttons are shown in the other Half of the screen to be able to display further information.

The 4 light barriers form a matrix, so that exactly 16 crossing points are created. With the graphical representation the keys it is very important that the centers of the drawn buttons locally with the crossing points of the light barriers to match.  

The 8 outputs each switch the receiver and associated (opposite) transmitter at the same time by the output is controlled to HIGH. The Ladeelko's C1, 2, 3. . . 11 meet now a double function.

Once they are saved in the software-controlled startup phase se (5 msec) electrical energy, which then with a surge is converted into an IR pulse via the IR transmitter diodes. Secondly, they ensure that the pulse energy does not exceed the common "cold ends" of the receiver and transmitter will wear and therefore no clear detection of the actual allow infrared signals.

After, as already described, the corresponding electrolytic capacitor inside is sufficiently charged within 5 msec, the Im pulse generator IC1 all cathodes of the transmitter diodes in one In interval from 35 µsec to 1.5 msec alternately on ground and on Controlled +5 volts. A pulse current only flows through the Transmitter, which actually through the expander IC3 is switched to HIGH.

Only the resistor R11 is used to limit the current of 10 ohms. The momentarily flowing pulse current of approx. 300 mA (average current consumption is only 3 mA) for both the transmitter diode and the pulse generator IC and the Expander IC completely harmless, since the middle switch-on duration is only 1%.

The associated IR receiver is in the HIGH phase in Sperrich polarity. The incoming IR radiation triggers at its col selects a modulation which is applied to the input of the Spe cial receiver IC's (PIN16 to IC4). An integrated Active filter blocks all IR frequencies below 20 kHz This allows network-connected interferers (e.g. light fabric tubes) can be effectively suppressed.  

The automatic gain control (AGC) in IC4 causes that the signals in constant TTL level at PIN9 for further Processing are available. From there they get over the analog switch IC17 on the processor board for pulse Measuring input of the IC7 processor module.

5.2.10.2. Screen scanning

As described above, only the exactly associated sen the / receiver pairs controlled or queried. That is not a problem absolutely necessary because with a minimum opening angle of 30 ° for transmitters and receivers especially on the horizontal length permanent misinterpretations are possible.

The software now decides according to the respective bear processing status and the graphic currently displayed, which of the 8 light barriers to be queried. So after that recognizable that only the currently important light barriers (e.g. only 2 pieces for one button) can be edited to save computing time save up.

The maximum computing time is therefore for the complete insertion 16 keys required (numeric keypad and direction key most). Even so, a cycle of guaranteed at least 3 queries per second.

How is a button operation recognized in software? For Explanation assumes that all 16 buttons and there to be evaluated with all 8 light barriers.

Via the impulse measuring input one after the other for each light barrier ke 8 pulses each read. These 8 values become one value searches, which occurs at least 4 times. By  Integration is then an approximation and calculated with the Verify expected "empirical value" from the last 3 queries like.

If a match is now found, that means for UCS that the light barrier works without interruption. If the determined value deviates more than 100% from the empirical value from or no approximate value can be determined, the Photo eye as interrupted.

In this case the interruption is repeated by Ab question of the light barrier checked. Do the values match the program finally reports an interruption.

After this process is carried out for all 8 light barriers by corresponding assignment of 2 lights barriers calculates which key is "pressed".

5.2.10.3. IR remote control

For reading signals from an IR remote control is the Photo transistor TR14 provided. After each polling cycle Screen light barriers are installed on the Expander IC2 Matrix board of the emitter of the receiver briefly on HIGH (PIN19). Incoming IR pulses can now be done as below Point 5.2.10.2 can be read in and evaluated.

Although it is theoretically possible to "learn" any IR remote control through the software evaluation of the impulses, a separate remote control belonging to the UCS is provided, which enables the following functions via 4 buttons:

• 1. Signal off
• 2. Accept call / open door  
• 3. internally armed / disarmed
• 4. Service
• 1st + 2nd emergency call.

The technology of the IR light barrier will not be discussed further here, since the circuit corresponds exactly to the pulse generator on the matrix board. The 5 different transmission frequencies are achieved by parallel connection of different resistances to R1 by pressing a button. In contrast to the matrix board, the value of R1 is 220 k.
Key 1 <<<< R = 150 k
Key 2 <<<< R = 100 k
Key 3 <<<< R = 56 k
Key 4 <<<< R = 33 k.

9 V are used as the operating voltage. It is not just that Use of inexpensive batteries possible, the increased voltage also causes a significantly improved range.

The pulse energy for the transmitter diode is at least 600 mA with a maximum duty cycle of 2.5% (depending on R1).

5.2.10.4. Display lighting

Displays of this magnitude are, according to the current state operated exclusively with CFL lighting. These are small ones Fluorescent tubes, which by means of an inverter with change 400-500 volts can be supplied.

However, this type of lighting is in UCS for two reasons Not insertable. On the one hand there is multi-colored lighting unrealizable for signaling purposes. Shine for the second  light sources operated with AC voltage so much In infrared energy that a screen scan with infrared Light barriers is absolutely impossible.

Therefore, super bright LEDs were used, the first recently on the market. Like the schematic of the matrix circuit board is recognizable, different colored LEDs to groups of 2, 3 or a group of 4 (are in the Circuit diagram identified by a circuit symbol).

The following LEDs are used:

• 1. 16 LEDs D3-D9 (white light) for the basic lighting
• 2. 8 LEDs D16-D18 (glowing red) for alarm messages
• 3. 4 LEDs D19 (yellow) for fire alarms
• 4. 1 LED D21 glowing green next to the display for the operating display
• 5. 1 LED D22 illuminates next to the display to indicate Disorders.

All LEDs are controlled via the Expander IC2 and even if switched on and off by software.

For the purely visual display of states, the UCS lig also used the display lighting. This has the big one Advantage that even at a distance in which the Font or graphic is not yet clearly recognizable (for Example also with glasses wearers who are currently not wearing glasses ), the type of message is clearly indicated by optical signals to represent. Another advantage is that deaf and dumb ones also clearly indicated an alarm situation become.

The following types of signaling are used in addition to the text and graphics shown:

• 1. THEFT alarm alternating lighting change from Normal light on red light (whole picture umbrella)
• 2. BURGLAR alarm like theft, but turns red light in the red phase as Running light shown
• 3rd EMERGENCY constant red light with short nor painting light phases
• 4. SMOKE / GAS alarm flickering red light in irregular at intervals
• 5. FIRE alarm flickering red light with flickering Yellow light in irregular Intervals
• 6. FAULTS alternating lighting change from Normal light on yellow light

6. Information processing 6.1. Reading of analog information

In contrast to the radio interface, all signals of the Telephone and BUS-1/2 interfaces processed analogously. The incoming signals are fed to the NF node and continue via C35 to the DTMF-De / Encoder IC19 (PIN2) on the Processor board led.

The decoder is already parametrized by the processor upon receipt and anticipates DTMF tones. Should receive a valid tone is converted into a number (0-15) in IC19,  cached in an internal buffer and when requested tion to the processor via the data bus.

Although actually only useful for telephone operation, wait the processor after the call acceptance command and after reception a valid number always exactly 3 seconds. This relatively long Time is also necessary to enable manual remote access enable via PIN code. Is not valid during this time number in the buffer of IC19, the processor hangs up again or aborts the log reading.

Since the rate within a data transmission between two UKS is much faster (100 msec = 50 msec BCD number + 50 msec Pau se), a hang up command can also be issued when the protocol is complete, decoded, valid and acknowledged is. Since the protocol consists of 8 BCD numbers, according to gül full reception of 8 numbers (temporary change of task priority) for decoding and answering the protocol used. A communication It takes between two UKS for acknowledged information ons transmission approx. 1.3 sec.

For security reasons, this 3-second grid also applies if 8 completely wrong numbers are transmitted. This prevents due to premature reissue of the UKS Test the PIN code.

The second option is of course the normal transfer language. The only difference is that the digital potentiometers pre-regulate the speakers to take.

This is also a monitor operation (listening) for all interfaces len (except radio) possible.  

6.2. Output of analog information

There are two ways of outputting information. Either there is already a connection (both BUS interfaces) or a connection must first be established (telephone interface). In this case, the following process takes place:
Relay RE1 activated via signal line T1. This is practically the connection to the telecommunications network. Now the numbers sent by the processor via the data bus can be output to pin 8 via the DTMF decoder / encoder IC19.

Whether these numbers represent a phone number or a data protocol len, the process is exactly the same, so that follow that applies to both types of data output.

The signal passes from Pin8 to IC19 via a level adjustment R29 to the NF junction. The signal is sent through a branch the analog amplifier amplifies and reaches the Output transformer TR2 of the interface board. The result The primary speech voltage is high enough to both to trigger dialing via DTMF tones as well as to use data output corresponding level.

In the case of voice transmission (e.g. room listening / baby monitor) ensured by software that PIN9 on the expander IC14 HIGH is set and thus in the condenser microphone located preamplifier supplied with voltage.

6.3. Control of BUS participants

Communication into the telephone network is easy started by controlling relay RE1. However, at the BUS  Interfaces are constantly connected to all participants. Moreover DC voltage is even transmitted via a BUS.

Although the pure data and voice transmission in the range of 400 Hz to 3.5 kHz takes place and of course even in the data area if DTMF signals are used, all must be on beforehand closed participants - with a much higher frequency Signal are caused to feed their BUS connection from the disconnect most DC voltage and thus for low-frequency To release AC voltages.

Here the processor IC7 sends a call signal via PWM channel 0 generated at 38 kHz and inserted into the corresponding transformer feeds. Since the transformer at this frequency is 40 times Attenuation compared to the normal LF signal (0.4-3.5 kHz) points, the gain with the associated digital potentiometer increased by approx. 60 dB. This is also a sufficient pe gel guaranteed even when connecting 255 participants.

When transmitting on the BUS2 is due to the simultaneous DC voltage supply yet another special reali siert. The AC voltage call signal is applied to the DC voltage superimposed on the BUS. The in every UCS and other BUS subscribers (e.g. combi detectors) Chokes DR1 and DR2 form together with the capacitor C11 a blocking circuit for the range of this ringing frequency. So that will prevents the signal from flowing away via the rectifier and the call signal reaches the transmitter almost without attenuation TR3.

The call frequency on BUS1 and BUS2 becomes the same as for the Audio tone evaluation via the pulse measurement input of the processor recognized all participants.  

Now the input of transistor TR4 is on the interface lenplatine switched to LOW. Then he locks as elek tronic resistance working FET transistor TR4 and disconnects thus the UCS from the DC power supply. The UCS is running now exclusively via your own power supply or via an integrated accumulator.

This process is carried out by all UCSs connected to the 2D bus carried out so that the 2D bus is now DC free and ready for the transmission of low-frequency AC voltage is.

Claims (1)

Safety device for the control and / or monitoring of predetermined rooms with a control device connected to an operating unit, with sensors, with a signaling device, characterized in that the actuating elements of the operating unit are formed exclusively by virtual symbols shown on a screen that the key symbols Control device has an internal memory in which identification numbers of similar safety devices can be stored and a code that uniquely identifies the safety device itself is stored so that the control device can carry out an automatic change in the threshold for the output of messages in accordance with the environmental conditions detected by the sensors. and that a communication device is provided for contacting similar security devices.