EP2532079A1 - Dispositif et procédé de mesure de courants dans un palier - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de mesure de courants dans un palier

Info

Publication number
EP2532079A1
EP2532079A1 EP10721693A EP10721693A EP2532079A1 EP 2532079 A1 EP2532079 A1 EP 2532079A1 EP 10721693 A EP10721693 A EP 10721693A EP 10721693 A EP10721693 A EP 10721693A EP 2532079 A1 EP2532079 A1 EP 2532079A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capacitor
motor
measurement
coupling
bearing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP10721693A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg HASSEL
Gerd Michaelis
Carsten Probol
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2532079A1 publication Critical patent/EP2532079A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1306—Sensors therefor non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2605—Measuring capacitance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34—Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/343—Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2211/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to measuring or protective devices or electric components
    • H02K2211/03—Machines characterised by circuit boards, e.g. pcb
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/161—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor

Definitions

  • bearing currents In machines, electric currents (bearing currents, English: Bearing Currents) can occur in bearings, which significantly reduce the life of these bearings. Bearing currents are electrical currents that take place in rolling or plain bearings of electrical machines.
  • bearing currents have been a well-known phenomenon for decades. They are not directly measurable in the field and lead to considerable effort for users or to high warranty costs for manufacturers. There is therefore great interest in a measuring method or on sensors that can measure bearing currents and evaluate them meaningfully.
  • Bearing currents have hitherto been quantitatively recorded using the complex method of conventional bearing current measurement, which requires a multiple conversion of the motor (reversing), or by means of direct voltage measurement by means of a contact brush.
  • the covered frequency range is typically in the one- or two-digit MHz range. A higher frequency range is not possible due to the boundary conditions of the assembly. Furthermore, a continuous monitoring is possible only to a limited extent. Measurement via the radiated electromagnetic field is very susceptible to misinterpretations due to coupled-in disturbances and hardly allows any quantification of the bearing currents. Despite the high suffering, no suitable solution was found for years. Stock flows can be quantified according to the prior art only by experts.
  • the measurement via the bearing voltage usually requires a coupling by means of a contact brush.
  • These contact brushes are not maintenance-free and / or expensive and therefore not suitable for continuous monitoring.
  • the installation of a contact brush is often only accepted by the customer for a short time.
  • Measurements in the GHz range are difficult to realize because line lengths of individual wires must be very short.
  • the measurement of the electromagnetic fields is generally sensitive to interference from the environment, eg. B. by the switching of converters. As a result, measurements by machine builders are not recognized. Furthermore, amplitude statements are hardly possible because the attenuation is not defined by the propagation.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a solution to the above problems. It is a measurement method and apparatus are specified, which allows a better assessment of the bearing currents. Furthermore, a method and a device are to be specified, which realizes a non-contact measurement of bearing currents. It is also the object of the invention to specify a measuring sensor and a method which is suitable for a long-term measurement of bearing currents.
  • the device for detecting a bearing current in an engine mount or a bearing in a motor-driven machine which leads a motor shaft or drive shaft, wherein the shaft is connected to a motor having a rotor and a housing at least partially surrounding the rotor and the motor shaft is connected to a coupling or a suitable for the measurement cultivation.
  • the measurement is carried out in a gap, in which at least one plate is introduced, which has a middle insulating layer and on the gap inner surfaces facing sides of the plate each good electrically conductive layers.
  • the measurement is carried out by at least one plate, which is introduced between the housing and coupling, and from a middle insulating layer and on the housing and the coupling ment facing sides of the plate each good electrically conductive layers consists.
  • the object is further achieved according to claim 11 by a method.
  • the motor shaft is connected to a coupling or a suitable for the measurement attachment, a present at shaft or bearing housing gap at least one plate is introduced, which has a middle insulating layer and on the gap inner surfaces facing sides of the plate each good electrically conductive layers.
  • the measurement is carried out on at least one plate, which is introduced between the housing and coupling, and a middle insulating layer and on the housing and the coupling side facing the plate each having well electrically conductive layers.
  • a contactless voltage measurement takes place via a series connection of capacitors.
  • the bearing voltage can be detected particularly well in the high frequency range in this way.
  • the bearing voltage can be detected with spectral components up to the GHz range outside the motor between the coupling and the motor housing by a non-contact voltage measurement. Furthermore, a very good signal-to-noise ratio between the bearing current signal and interference signals from the outside is due to the usually small or possibly by simple measures arbitrarily reducible distance between the engine clutch and the motor housing. The Measurement is therefore particularly resistant to interference and therefore suitable for practice.
  • the frequency range covered in conventional measurements has traditionally been in the one or two-digit MHz range; a higher frequency range was not possible due to the boundary conditions of the assembly.
  • the measurements are limited meaningful, due to the low frequency range or the sensitivity of the measurement of the radiated electromagnetic field against interferers from the outside.
  • the high frequency range is particularly important to assess the harmfulness of the bearing currents.
  • the new sensor is particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • Show 1 shows a cross section through a motor with coupling and the bearing voltage measurement according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible construction of the bearing current sensor according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a cross section through an engine mount with sensor
  • Figure 1 shows a cross section through a conventional structure with a motor mounted on a foundation.
  • the engine is connected via a motor shaft and a clutch to a transmission which drives a working machine (for example a roller) via a further shaft.
  • the bearing voltage is between the motor shaft and the motor housing. Due to the usually large diameter of the motor shaft, the associated low inductance for a high-frequency current and the small distance between the motor coupling and the motor housing, the voltages between the motor and the clutch and between the motor and the housing are approximately the same. This results from the fact that the motor-side part of the clutch is usually conductively connected to the motor shaft.
  • FIG. 1 shows this circuit board of Figure 1 therefore again in detail, left in the plan view and right in cross section.
  • the circuit board can be realized with a certain characteristic impedance which allows accurate measurements by avoiding reflections, especially in the microwave frequency range.
  • a permanent magnet generates, via the dynamoelectric principle, an induced voltage in a coil which is used for the power supply.
  • the measuring signal which is typically in the range of a few volts, be rectified.
  • the voltage charges a capacitor. Possibly. can be transformed by an electrical or electronic circuit, the voltage high.
  • the capacitor such as an electrolytic or foil capacitor
  • the bearing current sensor makes measurements and discharges the capacitor. Then the cycle starts again.
  • a (usually longer) charging time alternates with a (usually shorter) measuring time.
  • the electronics of the bearing current sensor is designed to save energy. Then the voltage at the measuring capacitor in the lower frequency range, z. B. by series connection of a low-pass filter (for example, with 1 MHz cutoff frequency), without undue adulteration of the measurement signal taken. This is possible because the measurement signal of the bearing current sensor, in particular in the higher frequency range is significant for assessing the storage-damaging effect.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through an engine mount with a bearing current sensor according to the invention.
  • the voltage across the engine mount is also approximately between the engine side of the clutch and the engine housing.
  • the coupling forms a plate capacitor together with the motor housing.
  • C L i is the air capacitor between the coupling and the coupling-side metallization of the circuit board.
  • C s is the inserted capacitor with a Di-elektrikum, z. B. FR4 printed circuit board material.
  • CLZ is the air condenser between the engine-side metallization and the engine housing. This results in a proportional relationship between bearing voltage and voltage at the measuring capacitor:
  • Sensor can be mounted under an optional safety hood between the engine and clutch. Also eliminates the use of a hand probe, the spreading over a rotating shaft.
  • the measuring signal is relatively insensitive to tolerances in the installed position. If the board is mounted off-center, z. CLI as CL2 shrinks. This causes compensation to some extent.
  • the senor is unilaterally on either the clutch or the engine. Then omitted C L i or C L2 .
  • the basic behavior remains the same, except that the measurement is then no longer potential-free, which may have a negative effect on immunity to interference.
  • the coupling is not suitable for the measurement. This is the case, for example, if the clutch is too small or too far away.
  • a metal disc can be mounted on the axle, which takes over the function of the plate capacitor, or vice versa, the potential of the motor housing are guided by an attachment closer to the clutch disc (which has the advantage that this is possible even with a rotating shaft) ,
  • a part of the circuit board is designed as a handle.
  • the senor measures the distance between the coupling and the sensor and between the motor and the sensor, for example via an optical or acoustic method. Based on the distances, the capacitances involved and thus the conversion factor between bearing voltage and voltage at the measuring capacitor can be calculated automatically.
  • the sensor directly measures the effect of air capacity over a defined test signal. For example, a resonant circuit containing the capacitance of the measuring capacitor and an inductance oscillates at a certain frequency.
  • the external capacitance (the air gap capacitors) detunes the resonant circuit and oscillates at a different frequency. This frequency is after
  • the prior art can be measured very accurately and inexpensively.
  • the known capacitance of the measuring capacitor can be ge ⁇ closed on the external capacitance and thus carried out the calibration of the conversion factor between the voltage at the measuring capacitor and the La ⁇ gerhard. Again, the values are determined either once with permanent storage or before defined measurements.
  • the sensor itself can z. B.
  • the sensor data can be transmitted by radio, wired, by portable memory card or by reading a display for digital data processing. There, the measurement data z. B. evaluated automatically and displayed in a histogram. The plant operation can be evaluated after a maintenance, z. This applies, for example, to correct engine grounding when the system is rebuilt. This prevents great economic damage to the operator of the plant.
  • FIGS. 4a to 4e show various constellations in which the method according to the invention or the device for detecting bearing currents according to the invention can be used.
  • the drive motor is on the left side, from this engine goes out a shaft.
  • the affected bearing is located in the engine.
  • the bearing is located in the driven machine on the right.
  • FIG. 4a shows a simple construction, in which the measuring gap lies between the motor and a coupling, as already shown in FIG.
  • the measuring gap is generated by a Anbauschei ⁇ be on the shaft, instead of a clutch.
  • a measurement of the bearing current can be carried out instead of the engine at the other end of the shaft, the work machine.
  • the gap between the clutch and the working machine is used in Figure 4d analogous to Figure 4a.
  • a suitable measuring gap is offered in FIG. 4e by means of a mounting plate on the shaft.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de mesure et un dispositif qui permettent une meilleure analyse des courants dans un palier. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé et un dispositif qui réalisent une mesure sans contact des courants dans un palier. Une mesure de tension sans contact est réalisée grâce à un circuit en série de condensateurs. De cette manière, la tension du palier peut être particulièrement bien contrôlée, même aux fréquences élevées.
EP10721693A 2010-05-11 2010-05-11 Dispositif et procédé de mesure de courants dans un palier Ceased EP2532079A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2010/002905 WO2011141038A1 (fr) 2010-05-11 2010-05-11 Dispositif et procédé de mesure de courants dans un palier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2532079A1 true EP2532079A1 (fr) 2012-12-12

Family

ID=43428629

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10721693A Ceased EP2532079A1 (fr) 2010-05-11 2010-05-11 Dispositif et procédé de mesure de courants dans un palier

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9035664B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2532079A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102893503B (fr)
BR (1) BR112012028790A2 (fr)
RU (1) RU2550155C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011141038A1 (fr)

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EP3154173A1 (fr) 2015-10-08 2017-04-12 ABB Schweiz AG Machine électrique avec mise à la masse active
CN105277861A (zh) * 2015-11-19 2016-01-27 南车株洲电机有限公司 电机轴承绝缘强度的测试方法
CN111448447B (zh) * 2017-11-03 2022-03-25 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 用于监测旋转电机的旋转轴的减摩轴承的布置结构
RU2713467C1 (ru) * 2018-10-18 2020-02-05 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Оренбургский государственный университет" Способ контроля электрического тока через подшипники электрической машины и трансформатор тока для его осуществления
CN109444741A (zh) * 2018-11-22 2019-03-08 黄茂连 一种直流电机转子测试设备
CN113960470B (zh) * 2021-08-24 2022-07-15 北京金风慧能技术有限公司 发电机轴电流的检测方法及装置
KR102571522B1 (ko) * 2023-07-05 2023-08-25 한국자동차연구원 전기차 구동모터 베어링의 전식수명 평가를 위한 등가회로모델링 방법

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102893503B (zh) 2016-01-20
RU2012153247A (ru) 2014-06-20
CN102893503A (zh) 2013-01-23
RU2550155C2 (ru) 2015-05-10
WO2011141038A1 (fr) 2011-11-17
US20130049772A1 (en) 2013-02-28
BR112012028790A2 (pt) 2016-07-19
US9035664B2 (en) 2015-05-19

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