EP2529163A2 - Système et procédé d'extraction d'énergie géothermique à partir d'au moins deux réservoirs - Google Patents

Système et procédé d'extraction d'énergie géothermique à partir d'au moins deux réservoirs

Info

Publication number
EP2529163A2
EP2529163A2 EP11701515A EP11701515A EP2529163A2 EP 2529163 A2 EP2529163 A2 EP 2529163A2 EP 11701515 A EP11701515 A EP 11701515A EP 11701515 A EP11701515 A EP 11701515A EP 2529163 A2 EP2529163 A2 EP 2529163A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
usable
area
usable area
fluid
fluid communication
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11701515A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Angelo Piasentin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2529163A2 publication Critical patent/EP2529163A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/20—Geothermal collectors using underground water as working fluid; using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T2010/50—Component parts, details or accessories
    • F24T2010/53—Methods for installation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems and methods for the generation of geothermal energy.
  • subterranean, useable geothermal energy area a first earth surface accession site associated with the useable area, a first fluid communication line emanating from the access site and descending to the useable area, one of the usable area in depth outgoing, leading up to the development site second fluid connection line, and one at the
  • the first fluid communication line serves as an injection line, i. in it, a heat exchange fluid is conveyed from the earth's surface into the depth and into the usable area.
  • the second fluid communication line serves as a production line, i. in her a heat exchange fluid from the usable area is promoted to the earth's surface and in the heat exchange device.
  • Suitable usable areas are located at a depth of about 1,000 meters to 5,000 meters, although in certain geological formations (e.g., Lanzarote or Australia) or further below
  • the heat exchange device has a fluid inlet at which the second
  • the first associatively opening fluid connection line, the usable area, the second associatively opening fluid connection line and the heat exchange device form a substantially closed loop system for a circulating in it from heat exchange fluid.
  • the heat exchange fluid usually water
  • suitable pumps in the circulatory system such as by means of an injection pump located at the beginning of the first fluid communication line (injection line) and a subsea pump located near the bottom of the second fluid communication line (production line). downhole pump). Therefore, the first associatively opening fluid connection line is also referred to as injection line and the second fluid connection line opening according to the order as production line.
  • underwater pumps can also be used at different positions of the injection line.
  • the heat exchange fluid In the circulatory system, the heat exchange fluid is thus pushed into the injection line and reaches the depth, flows through the permeable usable area, comes into heat transfer contact with the hot permeable geological formation and absorbs heat energy accordingly. Subsequently, the heated heat exchange fluid flows upwards through the production line and transports the water absorbed in the usable area
  • the heat exchange fluid When displaced at the surface of the earth, the heat exchange fluid has a temperature in the range of about 50 ° C to 65 ° C.
  • Production lines (where the surrounding formations are still at a lower temperature than the heat exchange fluid) are thermally insulated to reduce heat losses into the formations surrounding these sections.
  • the heat exchange device withdraws thermal energy from the heat exchange fluid flowing around in the circulatory system and provides part of the energy thus obtained in a suitable form for energy consumption.
  • the heat exchange device can operate as a power plant or a cogeneration plant to provide energy recovered in the form of electrical energy or in the form of heat energy, which is fed, for example, in a district heating network.
  • Power plants currently operating in geothermal power can deliver power in the range of about 1 to about 5 megawatts and require an inflow of heat exchange fluid (water) from the production line of at least about 60 to about 100 liters per second (or more) at one Temperature near the boiling point of the water from about 80 to about 160 ° C (or more).
  • a development site, the heat exchange facility and the geothermal area accessible from there usually belong to a community. Another, approximately neighboring community has another own development site, another own heat exchange facility and a further developed geothermal area from there.
  • the heat-absorbing conduits each have a length of several kilometers and a diameter of the order of 10 centimeters, and are at least about 30 to 50 meters apart.
  • the geological formation is fractured by hydraulically induced cracking because it is difficult to accurately hit the production line when drilling the heat absorption pipes in depth.
  • the technologies of drilling, drilling wells and pumps used in the aforementioned deep geothermal energy are state-of-the-art, which has been developed in part in the oil and gas extraction industry.
  • the power plant technologies used are also state-of-the-art.
  • Heat energy are significantly larger than in the currently known systems and methods.
  • a system for generating geothermal energy includes a first subterranean, useable area of geothermal energy, a predetermined first one
  • Development site which is associated with the first usable area, and a first associate opening fluid communication line between the first
  • the system further comprises at least one second or more subterranean usable areas of geothermal energy and a first non-improperly opening fluid communication line extending between the first
  • a development site may be understood to mean a site located at the surface of the earth, from which a fluid communication line extends into a usable area Geothermal energy extends and a fluid communication between the usable area and the location on the earth's surface is made possible.
  • Development site and at least two usable areas of geothermal energy that can be developed from this site.
  • the one or more discovery sites will have ordinal numbers k (where k is a natural number and a count index and hence k> 1) and the one or more usable regions Ordinal numbers I (where I is a natural number and a count index and therefore: I> 1) assigned.
  • a relationship between a usable range having an atomic number I and a digestion location having an atomic number m is referred to herein as a "non-dedicated" relationship or as a non-allocation, respectively
  • a fluid communication conduit is generally referred to as "improperly opening" as defined by the assignments so defined Fluid communication line is a fluid communication between an L-th usable area and an L-th development site is formed.
  • a fluid communication conduit is generally referred to as “non-compliant" as used herein by reference
  • Fluid communication line is formed a fluid communication between an L-th usable area and an m-th development site, wherein the count indexes I and m are different, i. that applies: I ⁇ > m.
  • a fluid communication line is generally referred to as "crosslinking" when fluid communication is formed between an I-th usable area and an M-th usable area through the fluid communication line, the count indexes I and m being different, ie, I ⁇ > m.
  • a development site is generally characterized in that a heat exchange device or a connection device is arranged therein.
  • a heat exchange device can be understood as a device which has a heat energy removal function.
  • the thermal energy contained in the heat exchange fluid may be withdrawn and provided in a suitable form for energy consumption, such as within a system for producing geothermal energy from an inflowing heat exchange fluid comprising in one of the aforesaid associating fluid communication lines
  • Heat exchange fluid circulation system is pumped.
  • the heat exchange device can have a recirculation function, according to which a heat exchange fluid flowing in, for example through a fluid inlet, is expelled or injected into an injection line after heat extraction, for example from a fluid outlet, and / or inflowing
  • Heat exchange fluid is promoted or sucked.
  • a heat exchange device such as a power plant, which transforms the heat energy extracted from the heat exchange fluid into an electrical voltage and an electric current, or a
  • Heat exchange means which transfers the thermal energy extracted from the heat exchange fluid into a heat transfer fluid pumped from the heat exchange means to a plurality of heat energy consumers connected to the network and back to the heat exchange means in a secondary fluid circulation system such as a district heating transmission network.
  • connection device is here understood to mean a device which has a return function, according to which, for example through a fluid inlet,
  • inflowing heat exchange fluid after heat extraction such as from a fluid outlet
  • the connecting device can the heat energy extraction function of a heat exchange device according to which, in operation of the system, from an inflowing heat exchange fluid recirculated in a heat exchange fluid circulation system comprising the aforesaid assigning fluid communication line, the heat energy contained in the heat exchange fluid is withdrawn and provided in an appropriate form for energy consumption.
  • At least one connection device and / or the heat exchange device may comprise a solar energy collector device, which is designed to temporarily store solar energy and to transmit it to the heat exchange fluid flowing around in the circulation system.
  • the heat efficiency is greater than if geothermal energy - as previously customary - is promoted from only one usable area.
  • This is due to the limited efficiency and accuracy of stimulation methods, which in some cases reach a propagation length of about 200 meters to 300 meters, and whose direction is barely controllable for long distances from the casing. For this reason, rather smaller usable areas and with artificial stimulation rather shorter cracks are to be preferred. Selecting hermetically separated areas of enveloping geological formations can reduce the risk of water flooding, which causes the largest HDR (Hot Dry Rock) projects to fail.
  • HDR Hot Dry Rock
  • a second advantage achievable by the invention is that a production period for delivering geothermal energy (i.e., the period of time until any regeneration of the usable area is required) can be extended or even sustained production can be achieved.
  • the background to this effect is to be noted. If a usable area of the production system faster (or more per unit time)
  • Heat energy is withdrawn, as the usable area flows from the Earth's interior, then the temperature in the usable range is lowered more and more. This can go so far that the temperature is no longer sufficient for a technically achievable transformation into energy for energy consumption or for an economically viable operation of the
  • Heat exchange device at the development site In such a case, the promotion of heat energy from the usable range must be stopped and the usable range of time for regeneration, i. for receiving new geothermal energy flowing from the earth's interior. During such regeneration, the temperature increases (recovers) and can with sufficient regeneration time of the
  • the time required for the regeneration represents a downtime for the operator of the production system. Because two usable areas are now developed from the one development site, a production operation can be set up so that - with comparable subsidized heat energy per unit time - the heat extraction for each of the two usable areas is smaller than - as is conventional - this heat energy per unit time would only be promoted to a usable area. This makes it possible to extend the production period for the production of geothermal energy (ie the period until any regeneration of the usable area is required) or even to achieve a permanent production.
  • Fluid communication line in the section between the first and the second usable range passes through formations, where prevail because of their depth below the surface similar temperatures as in the usable areas.
  • heat energy can be transferred into the throughflowing heat exchange fluid in addition to the thermal energy transfer in the first and the second usable region.
  • geothermal energy from the formations interposed between the useable areas is also developed. The development of geothermal energy from the
  • Heat exchange fluid comes in direct contact with the rock in geological formation. This is because the heat exchange fluid is conducted between the usable areas in a conduit and does not come in direct contact with the rock, and because the contact surface per
  • Volume unit is lower than in the usable areas.
  • the system may be one provided at the first development site
  • Heat exchange device comprising a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet.
  • the first associatively opening fluid connection line can be connected to the fluid inlet and the first fluid connection line not opening according to the instructions can be connected to the fluid outlet.
  • the heat exchange device has a function of removing thermal energy from a heat exchange fluid flowing around in the heat exchange fluid circulation system during operation of the system and to provide it with energy in a suitable form. Furthermore, the
  • Heat exchange device designed to inflow through its fluid inlet
  • the heat exchange device can have a first suitably designed pump (an injection pump) for displacing the heat exchange fluid through the fluid outlet into the non-improperly connected thereto
  • Fluid connection line include.
  • the latter is thereby operated as an injection line.
  • the second usable area may be directly or indirectly networked with the first development site and the first usable area.
  • the second or each further usable area may be directly networked to the first development site and the first usable region, to which the system further includes a first or a respective further cross-linking fluid communication line between the second or each further usable region and the first usable region is formed, may include.
  • the first non-compliant opening fluid communication line, the second usable area, the first cross-linking fluid communication line, the first usable area, and the first associate opening fluid communication line may form a substantially pressure-tight interconnection system.
  • Heat exchange device may be a substantially closed
  • Heat exchange fluid circulation system for a flow around in the operation of the system
  • the heat exchange fluid circulation system is pressure tight. Because the recirculation system is closed, loss of heat exchange fluid will be low to low or absent as operating time increases (with appropriate selection of suitable geological formation).
  • the second and each additional usable area may be directly linked to the first development site and the first usable region.
  • the system may include a total of m usable ranges, where m is a natural number and 3 ⁇ m.
  • the second and every further mth usable regions can each be directly networked with the first development site and the first usable region. As a result, a so-called parallel and direct networking of m usable areas with the first usable area can be formed.
  • the system for directly interconnecting each of the further m usable areas may include a (m- 1) -te networking Fluid communication line, which is formed between the m-th usable area and the first usable area include.
  • the first unassociated fluid communication line may include a first portion extending from the first development site and extending into a zone in depth, the zone being delimited by a predetermined maximum distance from the first usable region, and thus the first usable one Area is arranged around.
  • a second portion of the first unassociated fluid communication line adjoining the first portion may then be routed out of the zone at a relatively small distance from the first cross-linking fluid communication line and through the same formations as the latter to the second usable range. In this way, both the first and the second can be deduced according to the assignment
  • Fluid communication lines receive geothermal energy from formations between the first and second usable area.
  • the second non-compliant fluid communication line may also have a first portion extending from the second development site and extending into a second zone in depth, wherein the second zone is bounded by a predetermined second maximum distance from the second usable region.
  • a second portion of the second unassociated fluid communication line adjoining the first portion may then pass out of the second zone at a relatively small distance from the second crosslinking fluid communication line and through the same
  • both the first and second unassociated fluid communication lines may receive geothermal energy from formations between the first and second usable regions, at least in their respective second sections (from the first and second zones, respectively).
  • Fluid connection line comprise a common line section.
  • an end of the common line section may open into the first usable area.
  • the second and third usable regions may be associated with a spud point, and from the drilling starting point there may be a development bore having an end portion which is in a predetermined region containing the second and third usable regions.
  • three-dimensional, spherical underground zone is included.
  • the second and third usable range can be regarded as a cluster which is arranged completely within a spherical boundary, wherein this boundary has a center point and a predetermined maximum radius, wherein the maximum radius is selected such that the boundary contains second and third usable area completely.
  • the development bore may have a branch section arranged within this subsoil zone. Starting from the branch section, a first, second and third cased one can in each case
  • Branched bore may be formed, wherein the second or third branch bore each having one or more driven into the second or third usable range end portions and the first branch bore one or more driven into the first usable range end portions.
  • the first cross-linking fluid communication line extending from the second to the first usable range includes the second cased branch bore, the branch portion, and the first cased branch bore
  • the second cross-linking fluid communication line extends from the third to the first usable range includes the third cased branch bore, the branch portion and the first cased branch bore.
  • a third usable area is also from one (here, for example, the first) development site
  • End section can be extended to the effect that from the Bohrsweepingstician not only two (the second and third) but even more (in principle many) usable
  • Branch bores are made, etc ..
  • the second and each additional usable area may be indirectly with the first
  • the system may comprise a total of m usable regions, where m is a natural number and 3 ⁇ m.
  • the system may comprise a total of m predetermined development sites, the second to the third development sites being assigned to the second to the m-th usable area, a total of m-1 further fluid connection lines opening according to the ordinance, each between the second and m-th usable areas.
  • ten development area and the second or m-th usable area are formed, a total of m other unauthorized explicable Fluid interconnecting lines formed between the respective mth access site and the first usable area.
  • the associated fluid connection line formed between the mth access site and the mth usable area allows the mth usable area to be used with less drilling and drilling
  • Casing effort can be tapped as if the mth usable area would be opened from the first development site, and on the other hand, that the mth usable area easier and cheaper, such as by hydraulically induced
  • Networked can the first non-compliant fluid connection line, the second usable area, the second according to the assignment
  • Such indirect routing is also referred to below as a cross-linking arrangement of fluid communication line.
  • Connecting means comprise a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet.
  • the second associatively opening fluid connection line can be connected to the fluid inlet and the second non-improperly opening fluid connection line can be connected to the fluid outlet.
  • connection means opening fluid communication line, the connection means, the second unassociated fluid communication line, the first usable area, the first associ- ately opening fluid communication line and the heat exchange means forming a substantially closed, closed loop heat exchange fluid circulation system for a heat exchange fluid circulating therein during operation of the system.
  • Heat exchange fluid circulation system may be pressure tight. Since the circulation system is closed, a loss of the heat exchange fluid with low operating time is low, or hardly or not available.
  • Fluid connection line with the first usable area and the first non-improperly opening fluid connection line with the second usable area is in fluid communication, and wherein the second access site is in fluid communication via the second associated fluid communication line with the second usable region and the second unassociated fluid communication line having the first usable region, also cross-linked herein
  • cross-linking arrangement and the achievable, coupled and simultaneous development of two usable areas provides the same advantages as the first mentioned above with respect to the invention (greater heat energy efficiency) and second (extended production time) advantage.
  • the system may further comprise at least one further third or even further (total: m) usable regions, where m is a natural number and 3 ⁇ m.
  • m is a natural number and 3 ⁇ m.
  • the second and each further mth usable areas can each be indirectly networked with the first development site and the first usable region. This forms a so-called parallel and indirect networking of m usable areas with the first usable area. In this way, a third area and other usable areas are also accessible from one (here, for example, the first) development site.
  • the system may further comprise: a predetermined second, third or more (total: m) development sites, each of the second, third or further development sites being respectively the second, third or third m-th usable area is assigned, a second, third or more (total: m) according to the assignment
  • opening fluid connection lines which are formed between the respective second, third or mth development site and the second, third or m-th usable area, and a second, third or more (total: m) non-mappable
  • the system may include at least one further third or even more (total: m) usable regions, where m is a natural number and 3 ⁇ m applies, and at least one predetermined second or third development site or even further (total: m) development sites include.
  • each of the m development sites is assigned a usable area
  • each usable area and each development site is one that characterizes the respective allocation
  • the system may comprise at least one second or third fluid connection line or even further (total: m) associated opening fluid connection lines.
  • Fluid connection line between the mth development site and the first usable area to be formed As a result, a so-called annular-serial networking of m usable areas is formed.
  • Networks of m usable regions (3 ⁇ n) may apply to at least one selected usable region from the group formed from the first to the m-th usable region and the development site assigned to this selected region:
  • two or more other useable areas included in the system in addition to the m usable areas are parallel and indirect or parallel and directly networked, or
  • Development sites are involved in a ring-serial networking of two or more still usable areas included in the system in addition to the m usable areas.
  • At least one of the associated fluid interconnect lines includes one extending from the particular well site substantially vertically in depth to the associated usable area
  • opening fluid connection lines comprises a horizontal from the respective development site and essentially continuous formed into the assigned usable area in, piped horizontal bore.
  • At least one of the unassigned fluid communication conduits comprises a cased bore formed as a primary bore in a first section extending from the respective development site and a secondary section as a secondary bore in the form of one or more adjacent to the first section Horizontal bores each having an end portion which extends into the usable area to be opened, or (b) at least one of the unassigned
  • opening fluid communication lines comprises one of the respective development site outgoing and substantially continuous into the respective to be developed, assigned usable area formed in, piped horizontal bore.
  • the at least one crosslinking fluid connection line which is formed between an i-th usable area and a j-th usable area, can comprise at least one or more, usable from the i-th usable area and substantially continuous to a j-th usable Include area formed in the tubed horizontal bore (s), each having a arranged in the i-th usable area start section and a j-th usable area arranged end portion or have.
  • Fluid connection lines and n is the number of usable areas.
  • the number of cased horizontal bores can be 6 to 12. In this way, it is possible to access geothermal energy from the area between the i th and the j th usable area with the respective second section.
  • a development site and a usable area not assigned to the ith but to a jth development site may include a first section starting from the i-th development site and extending to a branch point.
  • the branch point may be arranged in an underground, three-dimensional, spherical zone, the zone being defined by one of a center point of the i-th usable range approximately within a predetermined maximum distance from the i-th usable range, and around the i-th usable range. be arranged ten usable range extending zone.
  • the unassigned fluid communication line may then be separated from the
  • Fluid connection line are guided. In this way, both the unassigned fluid interconnect line (in its portions from the branch point) and the cross-linking fluid interconnect lines may be exposed to geothermal energy
  • Each outstation, unassigned fluid interconnect line may be considered to be a plurality of thin-hole or coiled tubing, respectively, that are substantially parallel in the subsurface three-dimensional region between the ith and the j-th usable regions to each other and to a suitably selected (measured in the horizontal direction) minimum distance from each other are performed, executed.
  • the parallel and spaced guidance of the cased thin bores spans a relatively large horizontal area in the formations in the subterranean three-dimensional area between the i th and the j th usable area, and correspondingly, taps more geothermal energy from that area.
  • a respective non-assigning fluid connection line can be described as
  • Be formed injection line It may also include one or more cased bores, horizontal bores or thin holes or coiled tubing.
  • the Development site (where i and j are natural numbers or a counting index and where: i ⁇ > j) with a first section emanating from the jth development site and a second section adjoining the first section, the second Section has an end portion which is the ith usable area.
  • the portion of the line where the second portion attaches to the first portion may be usable in a three-dimensional zone containing the jth usable range associated with the jth juncture and its bound by a predetermined maximum distance from the jth usable Range is defined to be arranged.
  • a respective fluid connection line which does not open according to the instructions can be designed essentially as a horizontal bore or as two or more thin bores.
  • the horizontal bore may have a first portion and a second portion as defined above, and wherein the portion of the conduit where the second portion attaches to the first portion is in a three-dimensional zone corresponding to the j-th opening location j -ten usable area, and whose boundary is defined by a predetermined maximum distance from the j-th usable area, may be arranged.
  • a respective unassociated fluid communication line may be formed in the first section as a primary bore and in the second section as at least one secondary bore, wherein the
  • Secondary bore branches off in a arranged within the n-th zone branch region of the primary bore.
  • a branch section may be arranged in a three-dimensional zone which contains the j-th usable area assigned to the jth access location, and whose boundary is defined by a predetermined maximum distance from the j-th usable area.
  • a respective secondary bore may be formed as a thin bore.
  • geothermal energy can be developed from the formations arranged between the two usable areas.
  • At least one of the unassigned fluid communication conduits may be implemented as one or more cased horizontal wells or multiple well bores.
  • the first non-compliant fluid communication line may have a first portion extending from the first development site and extending into a zone in depth, the zone being bounded by a predetermined maximum distance from the first usable region and, thus, that of the first development site
  • Fluid communication line may be implemented as one or more horizontal bores that are passed between the zone to the second usable area.
  • Fluid connection line have a first portion of the second
  • Development site extends and extends into a zone in the depth, wherein the zone is limited by a predetermined maximum distance from the second usable area and thus arranged around the said second development site associated second usable area around.
  • a second section of the second unassociated fluid communication line adjoining the first section may then be led out of the second zone at a relatively small distance from the first crosslinking fluid communication line and through the same formations as the latter to the first usable region.
  • Fluid connection line at least in their respective second sections (from the first and second zone) record geothermal energy from the geological formations between the first and second usable range.
  • At least the first usable region may be one of the following: (i) a naturally occurring permeable region in a particular geological formation
  • geothermal energy which region is substantially hermetically enclosed by impermeable formation, (ii) a permeable region generated by a stimulation process, in particular hydraulically induced fracturing, in a particular, natural state impermeable geological formation geothermal energy, or (iii) a region with a low natural state
  • At least one other usable region for example the second usable region, may be one of the following: (i) a naturally-occurring, permeable region
  • Development site and the n-th usable area a cased production well or a cased, emanating from the nth development site horizontal well with a substantially vertical initial section having an n-th usable area arranged end portion (for each atomic number n with 1 ⁇ n ⁇ m), be present.
  • Fluid connection line between the nth development site and the j-th usable area a first section and a second section adjoining the first section (for each atomic number j and n, for which applies: 1 ⁇ j, n ⁇ m and j ⁇ > n).
  • the first section may extend from the nth access location to an nth zone assigned to the nth usable range, which zone is defined by a maximum interval which is predetermined for the nth usable range, from a central point in the nth usable range is measured from limited.
  • the second section may then extend from the nth zone around the nth usable range to the jth usable range.
  • the method of generating geothermal energy comprises the steps of: identifying a first subterranean, useable area with geothermal energy, determining a predetermined first development site associated with the first usable area, and producing a first associate mine
  • the method further comprises identifying at least one second or further subterranean usable regions with geothermal energy, and establishing a first unassociated fluid communication line between the first development site and the second usable region.
  • the method may further comprise: crosslinking the second usable area directly or indirectly with the first development site and the first usable region.
  • Fluid inlet and a fluid outlet are set up, the first associate opening fluid connection line is connected to the fluid inlet, and the first non-improperly opening fluid connection line is connected to the fluid outlet.
  • the method may further comprise: immediately crosslinking the second usable area with the first development site and the first usable area, and establishing a first crosslinking fluid communication line between the second usable area and the first usable area.
  • the method may further comprise: indirectly crosslinking the second usable area with the first development site and the first usable area, determining a second development site associated with the second usable area,
  • the method may further comprise indirectly crosslinking the second usable area with the first development site and the first usable region,
  • Fluid connection line producing at least a second, third or even further (total: m) associated with opening fluid connection lines, forming the n-th associated opening fluid connection line between the nth
  • the method may further comprise: for at least one selected usable area from the group formed from the first to the m-th usable area and the development site associated with that selected usable area:
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of a direct networking of two usable areas of a development site in one
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a second embodiment of a direct networking of two usable areas from a development site in one
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a third embodiment of a direct networking of two usable areas from a development site in one
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically a fourth embodiment of an immediate networking of two usable areas from a development site in one
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically a first embodiment of an indirect networking of two usable areas starting from two development sites in a horizontal section.
  • Fig. 6 shows schematically a second embodiment of an indirect networking of two usable areas starting from two development sites in one
  • Fig. 7 shows schematically a third embodiment of an indirect networking of two usable areas starting from two development sites in a horizontal section.
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a fourth embodiment, comparable to the first embodiment of FIG. 5, of indirect networking of two usable areas starting from two development sites in a virtually three-dimensional representation.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows a first embodiment for the embodiment of a fluid connection line not opening according to the invention in the area between two usable areas in a vertical plan view.
  • FIG. 10 schematically shows a fifth embodiment, functionally comparable to the second embodiment of FIG. 6, of a cross-linking of two usable areas starting from two development sites in a vertical section illustration.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a second embodiment for the embodiment of a fluid connection line which does not open in accordance with the invention in the area between two usable areas in a vertical plan view.
  • Fig. 12 shows schematically the second embodiment of Fig. 1 1 for the
  • FIG. 13 schematically shows a first embodiment of networking three usable regions in a virtually three-dimensional representation, with a second and a third usable region being double-cross-linked indirectly and parallel to one another with a first usable region.
  • FIG. 14 schematically shows a second embodiment of a network of three usable regions in a virtually three-dimensional representation, with a first, second and third usable region being networked in series in series one after the other.
  • Fig. 15 shows schematically a first embodiment of a network of three usable areas, wherein a second and a third usable area parallel to each other and directly using two cross-linking fluid communication lines with a common line section with a first usable area and a common development site and connected thereto from a second development site
  • Fig. 16 shows schematically an embodiment of a star-like network of three
  • Clusters each having two usable regions, wherein first, second and third clusters are networked in parallel with each other with a first central usable area and a common central development site, and wherein the networking of each cluster enables parallel and immediate networking of a second and a third usable Area of the cluster with the first usable area (using a development hole for the respective second and third usable area of the cluster and a cross-linking fluid communication line with a common line section, whose one end portion are connected in the central first usable area) and a non-ordinarily ver Patterson Fluid communication line between the central
  • FIG. 17 shows schematically a sixth functionally similar embodiment of an indirect one with regard to the cross-linking with the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • line is used as an abbreviation or synonym for the term in the term fluid communication line, unless expressly stated otherwise.
  • the system 1 comprises a first geothermal usable area 10, a single development site 40 located at the earth's surface 5, a second geothermal area 20 spaced apart is too and not natural in
  • Fluid communication is connected to the first usable area 10, one of the first development site 40 outgoing first associate opening fluid connection line 42, the first usable area 10 with the
  • Disconnection site 40 connects a first cross-linking fluid communication line 46 between the first usable area 10 and the second usable area 20, and a first non-compliant fluid communication line 44 between the first development site 40 and the second usable area 20.
  • the system 1 further includes an the development site 40 arranged Heat exchange device 80 with a fluid inlet 82 for connecting a
  • Production line and a fluid outlet 84 for connecting an injection line Production line and a fluid outlet 84 for connecting an injection line.
  • the line 42 and the cross-linking line 46 which open according to the assignment, are of a continuous, outgoing from the development site 40
  • Horizontal bore 42-H formed.
  • the horizontal bore 42-H was
  • the horizontal bore 42-H between the first 10 and the second 20 usable range the horizontal bore, where necessary, disproportionately difficult to drill through-drilling formations and reaches at least in its end portion, the vertical height or depth of the second usable area 20, the may be different from the vertical height or depth of the first region 10.
  • the horizontal bore 42-H is continuously piped from the access site 40 through the first usable area 10 and to the second usable area 20 with a tubing technology known to those skilled in the art.
  • the casing is made of metal, especially one especially for this purpose in terms of pressure and temperature resistance and elasticity especially for these
  • an end portion of the casing of the bore 42-H is located substantially centrally in the second usable area 20.
  • a pipe shoe is used in accordance with the prerequisites of piping technology and hydraulic conditions.
  • an opening in the boring shoe is used in line 46 in FIG.
  • an approximately linear arrangement of holes or perforations could be formed in the casing wall.
  • the unassigned fluid interconnect line 44 is fabricated using a different drilling technology in two successive and different manufactured sections, a first section 44-1 and a second section 44-2.
  • the first section 44-1 leads from the development site 40 in Substantially vertically in depth to near the first usable area 10 and is drilled as a blind hole.
  • the term "proximity of the region 10" is to be understood here as a region 12 surrounding the region 10 in all three spatial directions whose maximum extent is limited by a predetermined maximum distance 14.
  • the maximum distance 14 may be uniform for all spatial directions
  • the maximum distance 14 may also be the distance with respect to a nearest point on the edge of the area 10 along a connecting line extending from or to the center of the area 10 in the relevant spatial direction be measured.
  • the predetermined maximum distance 14 defining the extent of the zone 12 is chosen such that the non-improperly opening fluid communication line 44 at least in its second portion 44-2 in the space between the first 10 and the second 20 usable range in a predetermined , relatively small vertical distance to the crosslinking
  • the substantially vertically extending first portion 44-1 of the unassociated fluid communication line 44 is known to one skilled in the art for substantially vertical drilling as so-called
  • Inner diameter of the sub-conduits in second portion 44-2 of conduit 44 is significantly smaller, typically in the range of about 2-7 inches, compared to the diameter of conduit 44 in first portion 44-1, where it is typically between about 7 to 15 inches is.
  • hydraulically induced cracks or fissures in the geological formation in the useable area 20 are formed from the end portion of the casing, more precisely through the opening in the boring shoe (and / or laterally formed perforations in the casing wall) in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
  • hydraulic fracturing is known in the English language: hydraulically induced cracking serves to increase the permeability of the geological formation in the usable area 20 and fractures in the geological formation, in the so-called “fractures "train. This is the piping over its entire
  • the pressure is transmitted to the previously determined geomechanical, in particular geoelastic properties of the geological formation of the usable area adapted time course, that is controlled with a controlled pressure-time dependence, while the pressure-transmitting liquid, the gel, refilled according to its opening into the geological formation opening volume of cracks or fissures ,
  • the pressure thus built exceeds a threshold pressure depending on the rock and the geological formation, the formation of cracks in the rock or in the formation begins, starting from the positions where the pressurization initially takes place.
  • the opening in the drill shoe is the starting position for the stimulation process.
  • the cracks are starting from lateral openings or
  • Perforations 69 initiated in the casing wall.
  • the cracks increase in thickness and propagate in a direction lateral to their thickness as long as the applied hydraulic pressure is maintained above the threshold and the hydraulic fluid is replenished at the site 40.
  • the amount of applied hydraulic pressure its exposure time to the geological formation and the amount of per unit time at the site 40th
  • the extent of induced cracking is expressed in terms of cracking distance with respect to initiation point of cracking and crack width, or in terms of increase in permeability for one
  • Fluid flow through the rock or the geological formation controlled in the stimulated usable area contains solid components called "proppants", which are used to keep the cracks or fissures created as open as possible.
  • the cracks or fractures initiated with their gap thickness in the direction of 03 then propagate in the direction perpendicular to this direction ( ⁇ 3 ), in all possible directions to this direction vertical, the directions of the components ( ⁇ - ⁇ , ⁇ 2 ) containing vertical plane starting laterally from the initiation point.
  • the gap width to be measured substantially in the direction of 03 increases as long as the pressure is maintained and the liquid propagating into the forming cracks or fissures is replenished at the development site.
  • geomechanical stress tensor is ideally horizontal, but may deviate from the horizontal direction, especially when geodynamic or tectonic stress fields originating from the mantle exert their effect in the
  • the propagation direction of the fissures or fissures is in the plane perpendicular to the direction of 03, typically in a substantially vertical plane containing the components ( ⁇ - ⁇ , ⁇ 2 ) of the stress tensor.
  • the effect of the verticality can occur due to the effect of geodynamic or tectonic stress fields.
  • Geomechanical stress in which a rock loses its elastic property and tears, is dependent on the direction in the three-dimensional space in which the stress acts, and can generally be due to an ellipsoid with three different ones
  • Main axis lengths are represented mathematically.
  • the three vectors ⁇ , 02 and 03 schematically shown in Fig. 18 symbolize with their lengths and their
  • the direction of greatest stress value ⁇ is one in the
  • ⁇ is also determined by the height or the weight of the geological strata above it.
  • the directions of 02 and 03 are typically oriented horizontally.
  • What has been exemplified above with regard to the operation of the stimulus or hydraulic cracking applies not only to the crack formation in the second usable area 20 of FIG. 1, but also to the situation in the first usable area 10 of FIG. 1 and also applicable to the usable areas shown in the remaining attached figures 2 to 17. Details of the mode of action of the stimulation methods used will not be repeated in the description below.
  • the usable areas 10 and 20 are technically further developed as follows.
  • the stimulation of the second usable area 20 is carried out starting from the bore bottom of the conduit 46 (and / or laterally through holes or perforations (not shown) end portion of the casing).
  • the cracks or fractures oriented in a substantially vertical plane propagate with it an initial direction of propagation as in Fig. 1 is symbolized by the arrow 28.
  • a geothermally usable area in a geological formation may be a naturally occurring area with a permeability sufficient for the flow of the heat exchange fluid within which fluid communication is formed through openings (such as through the open or open tube shoe of FIG 1, in the second usable area 20, or holes or perforations 68 formed in a casing wall, as indicated in the first usable area 10 in FIG geological formation, into which flow paths, in the English
  • Heat exchange fluid In general, the heat exchange fluid is water. However, there are also special cases in formations with particularly high formation temperatures, about 180 ° C, ammonia water is used as a heat exchange fluid.
  • the term "useable area” is understood to mean the area covered by the flow lines in a formation, which may be a naturally occurring geologic formation with sufficient permeability, a permeabilized area created by stimulation techniques in a natural impermeable area
  • the first region 10 is still activated or stimulated.
  • a section which is essentially selected in the center of the usable area 10 to be stimulated in the planning.
  • a plurality of holes or perforations 68 are preferably formed in the tubing in a linear array along the tube longitudinal direction.
  • stimulation processes are propagated through the perforations 68, but not in the pre-planned position of the tube sealer 63, until the desired extent of the useable area 10 is achieved
  • Diaphragm 62 introduced and installed and permanently closed fluid-tight.
  • transfer pumps are positioned within the tubing at suitable, predetermined and planned locations within the tubing.
  • a first delivery pump 60 is installed upstream of the holes 68 in the area 10 of the conduit 46.
  • a second feed pump 61 has been already after the stimulation of the second usable area 20 through the bottom of the bore 46 in the vicinity or in an end portion of the Line 46 is positioned and installed before line 46 passes through
  • Sealing device 63 has been closed in the first region 10.
  • Circulation system for the heat exchange fluid has been produced.
  • the circulatory system includes the unassigned openable conduit 44 with its first 44-1 and second 44-2 sections (represented by arrows 86-1 and 86-2 indicating flow direction), the flow area (more precisely that of FIGS
  • the second usable area 20 is immediate, i. without using a second development site, networked with the first usable area 10 and the development site 40 by the unassociated opening 44 and the crosslinking line 46.
  • the line 46 with the feed pump 61 acts as a production line in
  • Feed pump 60 functions as production line for the first usable area 10.
  • the recirculating heat exchange fluid circulating system is closed when the ground surface side start portion (in FIG. 1 at 6) of the second usable area injection line 44 communicates with the injection outlet (fluid outlet 84)
  • Production inlet (fluid inlet 82) of the heat exchange device 80 is connected.
  • the heat exchange fluid When the circulation system (48-1, 48-2, 20, 46, 10, 42, 80) is closed, the heat exchange fluid is injected through the conduit 44 (44-1, 44-2) into the second usable area 20 geothermal energy there is, by means of the line 46 discharged from the area 20 and injected into the first usable area 10, there receives additional geothermal energy and is then conveyed out therefrom by means of the line 42 and the heat exchange device 80 is supplied. Even when flowing through at least the second portion 44-2 of the conduit 44 and through the conduit 46, the heat exchange fluid absorbs heat energy.
  • the geothermal energy delivered in this way from the second 20 and the first 10 is removed by means of heat exchangers and made available in a suitable form for energy consumption. Furthermore, the device 80 comprises
  • At least one feed pump which is used as an injection pump for
  • the systems 2, 3 and 4 shown in FIGS 4 each have a first usable area 10 with geothermal energy, the first predetermined development site 40, which is associated with the first usable area 10, a first assigned according to
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 Upon realization of the FIGS. 1 to 4 common concept with the
  • a branch bore known as a "side-track well"
  • first crosslinking fluid connection line 46 For producing the first crosslinking fluid connection line 46, a plurality of substantially horizontally directed second usable region 20 are led from said branch point and with its end portion, the second usable area 20 is formed substantially centrally or centrally fitting thin bores 95-1, 95-2, 95-3th course, the course of these holes is pre-planned, any difficult to penetrate geological formations are avoided if possible and heights - respectively.
  • the unassigned fluid communication line 44 is formed in two sections, a first section 44-1 and a second section 44-2.
  • the first portion 44-1 (primary bore 48-1) is made as a vertical bore from the development site 40 such that an end portion of the bore is in relative proximity to the first usable area 10, i. as already described with respect to Fig. 1, within a predetermined by a
  • the primary bore 48-1 ends as a blind hole in the by the maximum distance 14th defined zone 12. Subsequently, the primary bore is cased over its entire length. Then, to produce the second section 44 - 2, starting from a predetermined branching section 47 arranged within the zone 12, a plurality of branch bores with likewise known (“multi-lateral side-track wells") branching technology are formed up to 15, possibly 6 to 10, branch bores are slowly navigated in a substantially horizontal direction within the framework of the drill-string's mechanical load-bearing capacity, which is limited in these depths or borehole lengths, respectively introduced into the second usable area 20 and each cased over its entire length.
  • the bore of the blind bore primary bore 48-1 is closed by a packer (not designated). If necessary, starting from and through the open bore soles of the plurality of multi-lateral bores of the conduit 44-2 by means of hydraulically induced cracking, the second usable area 20 is additionally stimulated in the area around the end portions of the plurality of multi-lateral bores. This will be a packer (not designated). If necessary, starting from and through the open bore soles of the plurality of multi-lateral bores of the conduit 44-2 by means of hydraulically induced cracking, the second usable area 20 is additionally stimulated in the area around the end portions of the plurality of multi-lateral bores. This will be a packer (not designated).
  • Feed pump 61 is introduced and installed through conduit 42 and conduit 46 into the end portion of conduit 46 into second usable area 20.
  • the first usable area 10 is stimulated from holes or perforations (not shown) by means of hydraulic cracking. Subsequently, in the conduit 46, downhole with respect to the branch point but in the vicinity thereof and in any case within the intended first usable area 10, a plurality of holes (perforations) 68 and 69 for establishing fluid communication from the position 69 to the position 68 in the wall the piping of the conduit 46 and 42-H formed. In a pre-planned position is in line 42
  • a pipe closure device 63 (packer) is inserted and installed for permanent retention.
  • Feed pump 60 in the conduit 42 bores upstream with respect to the holes 68 introduced.
  • the initial section on the surface of the earth 5 of the conduit 42 is connected to the fluid inlet 82 of the site 40
  • Heat exchanging means 80 and the ground surface side initial portion at the earth surface 5 of the conduit 44 are connected to the fluid outlet 84 of the device 80. This closes the circulatory system.
  • the heat exchange fluid circulating system includes the unassociated fluid communication conduit 44 with its first and second sections 44-1, 44-2 (directional arrows 86-1, 86-2), the fluid communication between the wellbores of the plurality of FIGS Thin bores made of sections 44-2 and the bottom of the conduit 46 (arrow 86-3), the line 46 (arrow 86-4), the fluid connection in the first usable area 10 of the holes 69 to the
  • a closed loop system is also produced for producing geothermal energy from the usable areas 10 and 20 in the form of an associated fluid communication line 42 between the first A development site 40 and the first usable area 10, a first cross-linking fluid communication line 46 between the first 10 and the second 20 usable area and a first non-associated
  • connection line 42 which opens according to the assignment is formed in the manner already described in the form of a vertical primary bore emanating from the development site 40 and ending in the first usable area 10.
  • a stimulation process is performed to artificially produce the first usable region 10.
  • the tubing is laterally perforated and an underwater pump 60 is inserted and installed.
  • the unauthorized connecting line 44 becomes
  • Section 44-2 formed in a similar manner as in the second embodiment shown in Fig. 2.
  • second development site 90 is set up to produce development holes 92, 98, 91 for the second usable area 20 and the Inserting the corresponding piping into the development wells.
  • the exploration well 92 is executed in vertical drilling technology as a primary well, and the second useful area 20 is initiated and continued through the perforations in the bore bottom area of the well 92 until a desired extent of the opened second usable area 20 has been achieved as a pre-planned result ,
  • a second development well 98 is drilled from the development site 90 such that the wellbore is located in (or outside but near, the designated second usable region 20, ie, a zone 22 defined by a predetermined maximum distance 28 around the region 20) is.
  • the line 46 is called
  • Opening bore 92 and connecting bore 98 may also be for former production of geothermal energy from second usable area 20, former injection or production lines. In any case, from the development hole 92 in a branch portion 93 as starting
  • Drilling target for this bore 91 is to hit the connection bore 98.
  • Feed pump 61 introduced and installed. Upstream of the branch portion 93, a sealer 93 (packer) was inserted and installed. In the bore 98 was upstream with respect to the mouth of the
  • Connecting hole 91 a closing device 64 (packer) introduced and installed.
  • the first usable area 10 has already been hydraulically stimulated starting from the line 42; the initial formation direction is indicated by the arrow 18 in FIG.
  • a second feed pump 60 was inserted and installed in the end portion of the pipe 42.
  • Fluid inlet 82 is made a closed loop system. This includes the First 44-1 and second 44-2 section of the conduit 40, the fluid connection in the second usable area 20 between the end portion of the line (or lines) of the portion 44-2 and the bottom of the cased bore 92 in the region from the sole to Branch section 93 (here supported by the feed pump 61), the
  • system 4 differs from the system 3 shown in FIG. 4.
  • the preparation of the associate opening fluid communication line 42 for the first usable area 10, the stimulation of the first usable area 10 and the preparation of the cross-linking fluid communication line 44 in the form of a first portion 44-1 (Primary bore) and branching therefrom secondary portion (a plurality of horizontal lines in the section 44-2 made from branching off from the primary bore secondary holes 48-2) correspond to that shown in Fig. 3
  • the second usable area 20 has been hydraulically stimulated from the bottom of bore 94-1.
  • a branch bore 97 extending from a predetermined branching section 93 has already been designed pointing in the direction of the first usable region 10 as a blind bore up to an end section (at 96 in FIG. 4) and in the form of several horizontal bores into the first usable section 10 and cased. In doing so, the connection between the multiple horizontal bores 95-1 to 95-2 and the branch bore 97 has been made using known interconnection technology (in English:
  • Liner connected at point 96 with a piping of the branch hole 97.
  • the bores 95-1, 95-2,95-3 can be made as sidetrack bores from the tubing 46.
  • a first feed pump 61 was formed in the cased bore 94-1 introduced and installed downhole with respect to the branch portion 93, a closure means 63 also in the bore 94-1 but introduced and installed upstream with respect to the branch portion 93, and a second
  • Feed pump 60 introduced and installed in the end portion of the line 42.
  • the circulatory system thus produced comprises the conduit 44 with its first 44-1 and second 44-2 sections, the fluid connection in the second usable area 20 between the soles of the conduits of the second section 44-2 and the bottom of the cased bore 44 in the region of Sole to the branch portion 93, the branch hole 97 and its continuation in the form of the several cased
  • a first, second and third embodiment of a system 100, 100 'and 100 "for producing geothermal energy are shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7.
  • Figures 5, 6 and 7. In these embodiments of a system 100, 100', 100"
  • each system 100, 100 ', 100 “comprises: a first subterranean usable area 1 10 with geothermal energy, a second subterranean usable area 120 with geothermal energy, a first predetermined access area 140, which is the first usable area 1 10, a second predetermined development site 150 associated with the second usable area 120, a first associate-opening fluid communication line 142 between the first development site 140 and the first usable area 110, a second building according to the invention
  • the latter has at least the same functionalities as the heat exchange device 80 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and comprises a fluid inlet 182 for connecting a production line the geothermal energy from one or more (in particular: two) usable areas is promoted, and a fluid outlet 184, on which a
  • Injection line of the geothermal system is connected.
  • Heat exchange device 180 to the earth surface side initial sections of the production and injection lines, a circulation system for the circulating in operation heat exchange fluid is closed. Still common to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 is that a so-called connection device 190 is provided at the second development site 150, which in a comparable manner to the heat exchange device 180 also has a fluid inlet 192 and a
  • Fluid outlet 194 has. At the fluid inlet 192 and fluid outlet 194, respectively, a corresponding, Erdober lake worked up for a production or an injection line of the geothermal system is connected.
  • the first usable area 1 10 is in the network
  • the second usable area 120 is incorporated into the network by the second associate fluid communication line 152 connecting the second usable area 120 to the second development site 150, and the second non-compliant
  • opening fluid communication line 144 which connects the area 120 with the first
  • the first 144 and second 154 non-compliant fluid communication line is, and that is one
  • Substantially vertically in the depth and in the vicinity of the access areas 140, 150 associated usable areas 1 10, 120 are formed with a first portion 144-1, 154- 1 and a second portion.
  • the respective first section 144-1, 154-1 is designed as a primary bore.
  • One each, join the first section 144-1, 154-1 subsequent second section 144-2, 154-2 has an arcuate initial section and an adjoining section which extends into the respective laterally remote usable area 120, 110.
  • the respective arcuate portions in the conduits 144, 154 are formed "near" that usable area 110, 120 associated with the access site 140, 150 from which the conduit 144, 154 extends, the respective second portion 144-2 , 154-2 of the conduits 144 and 154 is formed as a secondary bore branching from the primary bore or a plurality of secondary thin bores 14.
  • the conduits 144 and 154 may also each extend as a continuous, outgoing from the respective associated development site 140, 150, preferably
  • course-controlled horizontal bore can be formed. And they can be compared in terms of the drilling and piping technology used in comparable or
  • the configuration of the leads 142, 144 and the leads 152, 154 are referred to herein as the two usable regions 110 and 120, indirectly and doubly cross-linked.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 differ with regard to the configuration of the second development site 150
  • the connecting device 190 is a mere function of
  • connection device 190 is designed approximately as a mere conveying or pumping station 191 and comprises one on the Fluid inlet 192 connected pump and / or optionally provided with suction injection pump, which operates the fluid outlet 194.
  • the connection device 190 is designed approximately as a mere conveying or pumping station 191 and comprises one on the Fluid inlet 192 connected pump and / or optionally provided with suction injection pump, which operates the fluid outlet 194.
  • the second embodiment shown in Fig. 6 is the second embodiment shown in Fig. 6
  • Connecting device 190 as a conveying and / or pumping station and heat exchange station 195 for example, as a heat exchange device 170 with a fluid inlet 172 and a fluid outlet 174 formed.
  • the heat exchange device 170 has a similar structure as the heat exchange device 180 disposed at the first development site 140.
  • the connection device 190 (like the embodiment shown in FIG. 5) has a function of pumping and is as a pumping station 190 trained.
  • the connection device 190 in FIG. 7 has a solar energy collector device 196, which serves to capture solar energy, to buffer and by means of heat exchange by the conveyor or
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a fourth embodiment of a system 100 which corresponds to the system 100 shown in FIG. 5 with regard to the interconnection of the lines.
  • Fig. 8 a schematic, virtually three-dimensional view of the underground part of the system is selected.
  • the system shown in FIG. 8 comprises the same functional elements which are also denoted by the same reference numerals in FIG. 8 as in the system 100 shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 As already mentioned with regard to FIGS. 5 to 7 as a possibility, For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the first unassociated fluid communication line 144 extending from the first enclosure 140 is defined as a blind bore in its first portion 144-1 as a blind bore in the vicinity of the first usable area 110 and in its second portion 144-2 are formed as a plurality of directional thin bores branching off from the primary bore 148-1 (referred to as "sidetrack") . These are in turn drilled relatively slowly in a substantially horizontal direction within the allowable load of the thin bore drill string and afterward Drilling over its entire length from branch point 147 to its respective Bo insole consistently cased.
  • sidetrack directional thin bores branching off from the primary bore 148-1
  • the second unassociated fluid connection line 154 is also produced in two sections 154-1 and 154-2, in the first section 154-1 as a primary bore 158 that extends substantially vertically into the depth and into the vicinity of the second usable area. 1, and in the second section 154-2 as a plurality of thin-hole or coiled tubing technology, directed from a branch point 157 of the primary bore 158-1, and extending from the directional thin bores as claimed relative to the drill string are drilled relatively slowly in a horizontal direction in the essential.
  • Fig. 9 shows schematically a first embodiment for the design or management of a plurality of substantially horizontally extending bores, which are produced in thin-bore (slim-hole or coiled tubing) technology as a secondary bore, branching off from a common primary bore.
  • thin-bore slim-hole or coiled tubing
  • Fluid connection lines 44 in particular on the second sections 44-2; 5 to 7 with the first and second non-improperly opening fluid communication lines 144 and 154,
  • Embodiment in particular the respective second sections 144-2 and 154-2 shown there; the system 200 shown in Fig. 13 with the respective two-section conduits 248, 254, 268 and 269, in particular their respective second sections 248-2, 254-2, 268-2 and 269-2; to the system 300 shown in Figure 14 with non-improperly opening connecting lines 348, 358 and 368, in particular their respective second sections 348-2, 358-2, 368-2; the system 400 shown in FIG. 15 having the respective non-improvised fluid communication lines 450 and 452, particularly their respective second sections 450-2 and 452-2; to the system 600 shown in Fig.
  • FIG. 9 a plurality (in FIG. 9 are shown schematically only three) starting from a primary bore 148 - 1 branch in thin bores approximately 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 or 15 (Slim Hole or Coiled Tubing) technology
  • secondary bores 48-2 in a substantially horizontal direction from a primary bore 148-1 (as shown in Fig. 9 left) and were in the defined as a drill target and incorporated into the networking, useable area 120 out.
  • the plurality of secondary thin bores 148-2 branch off from a common branch section from the primary bore 148-1, run in a divergence region 143 in firstly diverging directions in the substantially horizontal plane, pass through one another first arcuate portion are guided from the first arcuate portion substantially parallel to each other until they reach the usable area to be incorporated into the network 120, there pass through a second arcuate portion and extend in a convergence region 145 in
  • the usable area 120 is approximately from the bottom of a
  • Associated opening fluid connection line 152 by hydraulically stimulated formation of cracks 129 stimulated or activated.
  • crosslinkable usable area 120 - or even a distance between two usable areas, which are to different development sites ordered - may be relatively long and between about 1000 m and 5000 m, but typically about 2000 m to 3000 m. Due to the substantially parallel course of the
  • Secondary bores 148-2 are spanned or spanned by the bores 148-2 running parallel to one another and lying in the substantially horizontal plane.
  • the parallel holes 148-2 partially trap the geothermal energy transmitted through this surface out of the earth's interior (ie vertically upwards in the earth's crust) by heat conduction.
  • the geothermal energy collected by the course shown in FIG. 9 of the surface formed by the bores guided in parallel and the geothermal energy trapped by this surface or by the heat exchange fluid flowing through boreholes 148-2 becomes, in addition to that in FIGS absorbed geothermal energy recorded networked usable areas - of the flowing through the holes 148-2 heat exchange fluid. Therefore, the surface horizontally spanned by the bores 148-2 and the spanning guide of the horizontal bores 148-2, respectively, contribute to an increase in heat energy transfer efficiency to the heat exchange fluid.
  • Fig. 10 shows schematically a second embodiment for a possible
  • Embodiment of a non-associating (or cross-linking) fluid communication line with a further development, which comprises stimulating the usable regions 110 and 120 out of the fluid communication lines on the basis of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 for a double-diagonal
  • Fluid communication lines in particular their end portions, which should be configured as starting points for stimulation method / are.
  • FIG. 10 functionally and structurally similar elements of the circulatory system shown in FIG. 10 are given the same reference numerals as the corresponding elements shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.
  • Horizontal drilling technology designed holes 148'-2 and 158'-2.
  • the holes 148'-2 and 158'-2 extend from their respective branch point 147, 157 in one
  • the usable regions 110 and 120 are now hydraulically stimulated.
  • the particular stimulation method used is initiated from a plurality of holes 148'-2 and 158'-2 (Fig. 10) and 158-2 (Fig. 1), respectively, prior to drilling the bore 147-1.
  • the initiated cracks propagate in the direction of the mean tectonic stress ⁇ 2 (144-3).
  • the second usable 120 ' is formed by simultaneous stimulation from two substantially parallel horizontal bores 148-2 and the fluid communication from the end portion of the non-improperly opening conduit 144'-2 to the second
  • FIG. 12 A refinement with respect to the geometry, in particular an enlargement of the volume area in the geological formation sensed by the stimulation with respect to the simultaneous stimulation by hydraulically induced cracking between adjacent, parallel (cased) boreholes described above with reference to FIG Fig. 1 1 shown in a schematic vertical view and 12 in a virtual three-dimensional view.
  • the development relates to an improved definability and enlargement of the stimulated three-dimensional area between the end sections of the plurality in the second section 154-2 of the line 154 and in the second section of the line 144.
  • a plurality of secondary conduits 158 branching out from the cased primary well 158-1 148-1 branch off as branched horizontal bores (secondary bores).
  • Thin holes 158-2 at least in pairs substantially parallel to each other to near the previously formed from a vertical primary bore
  • outgoing branch bores 143 are respectively formed in an arcuate shape from the conduit 142 opening according to the directions, so that the arcs of the plurality
  • Branch bores 143 extend substantially in a common vertical plane containing the conduit 142, the plane, as can be seen from Fig. 12 and in Fig. 1 1 is even better seen, a plane of symmetry with respect to the end portions of the lines 158-2 , In each case for pairs of parallel outgoing end portions of the lines 158-2 is hydraulically stimulated.
  • the resulting from the arrangement of the respective pairs of two pressure waves pressure field lines 1 17 are shown in Figures 1 1 and 12. At least in the of the pressure field lines 1 17
  • the branch bores 143 are piped and provided with a plurality of holes (perforations), so that through these holes created a Rescueströmström formation with a relatively large total inflow and a larger surface extent within the plane of symmetry for the inflow into the branch lines 143 and in the
  • Sole of the vertical bore 142 is formed. The education of the
  • End portions of the lines 158-2 achieved larger spatial extent of the first usable area 1 10 and the enlarged through the densely perforated branch bores 143 and further distributed inflow is in operation with circulating
  • Heat exchange fluid achieves better fluid communication with higher permeability and improved thermal energy transfer efficiency in the first usable region 110. In the same way can also stimulate the second usable
  • Range 120 can be improved.
  • the embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 with the aim of improved stimulation and enlargement of a usable area to be artificially formed can, of course, apply not only to the end sections of the thin bores in FIGS. 11 and 12, but in general to all (FIGS. approximately substantially vertical) fluid communication conduits, such as conduits 44 and 54 in Figs. 1 to 4, conduits 144 and 154, respectively, in Figs. 5 to 8, and also for those shown in Figs. 3 and 4, cross-linking fluid communication lines 46 are used.
  • the system 200 includes a first one Development site 240, one of the first development site 240 associated usable area 210, a second development site 250, one of the second
  • Development site 250 assigned usable area 220, a third
  • a development site 260 and a usable area assigned to the third development site 260 are connected to each other twice in a non-compliant manner, and in a manner to be referred to as parallel networking, the first usable area 210 and the third usable area 230 are double not associated with each other.
  • system 200 includes a first associated fluid communication line 242 between first usable area 210 and first access location 240, a first unassigned fluid communication line between first access location 240 and second usable area 220, a second fluid connection line in between the second usable area 220 and the second development site 250, and a second unassociated fluid communication line between the second development site 250 and the first usable area 210.
  • first 210 and the second 220 usable range according to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 doubly non-improperly
  • system 200 includes a third one according to the instructions
  • Fluid connection lines 260, 268 and 269 and the fluid connection line 242 are the first 210 and the third 230 usable range also according to the embodiments shown in Figs. 5-7 double non-improperly connected to each other.
  • Fluid communication lines 248, 254, 268 and 269 are each formed in two sections, the first section each consisting of a vertical bore extending from a respective development site into the depth and near the respective one
  • Each of the second portion is branched off from an end portion located in the vicinity of each usable area, and in depth in a substantially horizontal direction to the adjacent double-diagonal mesh Useable area to be included leads, cf. to Fig. 13.
  • the fluid communication line 248 and the first portion 269-1 of the fourth unassociated fluid communication line are formed as a shared portion and extend from a first well 240 into the vicinity of the first usable region 210
  • a heat exchange device 280 is arranged. At its fluid inlet 282 is the ground surface-side starting section of the first fluid connection line 242 opening according to the instructions
  • connection means (not shown in FIG. 13 and not designated) for interconnecting the fluid in the two "parallel" non-compliant interconnections Double unassigned connection, which has been explained above with reference to Fig. 13, it is not relevant whether the
  • the system 300 includes three (first, second and third) development sites 340, 350, 360 and three (first, second and third) usable regions 310, 320 and 330, each assigned to a development site.
  • the system 300 further includes a first associated fluid communication line 342 between the first usable area 310 and the first access location 340, a first unassigned fluid communication line 348 between the second usable area 320 and the first access location 340, a second one as assigned
  • Fluid connection lines are the second usable area 320 and the first usable area 310 connected in a double-diagonal-network manner, the third usable area 330 and the second usable area 320 also connected in a double-diagonal-network manner, and the first usable area 310 with the third usable area 330 also connected in a double diagonal-networked manner.
  • the three usable regions 310, 320 and 330 connected in a (circuitry-wise speaking) ring-like manner and in each case "connected in series" behind one another, in particular connected diagonally in a double network.
  • FIG. 14 shown annular serial (each double diagonal-crosslinked) networking one or more other usable areas can be incorporated in a serial manner.
  • each of the development site shown in Fig. 13 240, 250 and 260 is integrated into a ring-like in each case in series one behind the other
  • Switched that is double diagonal-networked
  • Other usable areas can be networked.
  • the system 400 includes a first development site 440, a first usable area 410, a second usable area 420, a third usable area 430, a first accessibly opening
  • Disclusion site 440 is a heat exchange device 480 with its fluid inlet 482 to the earth surface side initial portion of the accord
  • Fluid connection lines 450 and 452 connected.
  • a first circulatory system for a heat exchange fluid circulating in operation is closed by incorporating the second and first usable regions 420 and 410
  • a second circulatory system is closed by incorporating the third and first usable regions 430 and 410
  • the two aforementioned circulation systems are formed (in a "circuit" manner) parallel to each other in the same sense as in Fig. 13, a second and a third usable region 220 and 230 are mutually parallel to one another at the first usable region 210 in parallel.
  • the two aforementioned circulation systems comprise, as common elements, the fluid connection line 442, which opens according to the instructions
  • a vertically inwardly directed development bore 470 was produced from a second development site 490, wherein an end section of the development bore 470 is formed as a blind bore.
  • a second branch bore 472 has been produced, which has been led into the second usable region 420.
  • a third branch hole 473 is branched off and guided into the third usable area 430.
  • a first branch bore 471 is still made. The first
  • Branch bore 471 has a predetermined length to its end (in Fig. 15 at 76), from where it is in the form of multiple thin bores in a in the
  • Substantial horizontal direction is continued into the first usable area 410 inside.
  • a first feed pump 61 is inserted and installed in the casing opening bore 470 downstream of the branch portion 493.
  • a second feed pump 60 is in an end portion in the depth of the assigned
  • Pipe sealer (a packer) 63 is inserted and installed in the cased containment hole 470 uphole with respect to the branch portion 493.
  • a first filter 67 is in the first branch bore 471 of the second
  • a second filter 66 is in the ground surface side initial portion of the common first portion 450-1 and 452-1 outgoing from the first development site 440 of the first and second non-improperly opening ones
  • Fluid connection line 450 and 452 introduced and installed.
  • the filters 66 and 67 serve to retain (filter out) any solid constituents contained in the circulating heat exchange fluid circulating during operation which may have been flushed out of the circuit sections within the useable areas.
  • the second cross-linking fluid communication line 456 includes the cased third branch bore 473, the branch portion 493 of the opening bore 470, the cased first branch bore 471 and the plurality of thin bores continued from their end (at 76) into the first usable area 410.
  • the cased development hole 470 is closed at its ground surface side start portion with a line shutter 499. If necessary, to clean or replace the first filter 67 or the first feed pump 61, the operation may be interrupted, the pipe seal device 63 may be removed, and then the required maintenance or replacement work may be performed on the feed pump 61 or the filter 67. Thereafter, the shutter 63 may be reinserted and installed, and the ground surface side starting portion of FIG cased development hole 470 are closed with the line closure 499. Thereafter, the operation can be resumed.
  • two usable areas 510 and 520 are connected to each other in a double non-compliant manner.
  • the associated connections are disclosed
  • Fluid connections and the unassociated mayate fluid connections each from a guided from the corresponding development site from
  • the system 500 includes a first development site 540, a first usable area 510 associated with the first development site 540, a second development site 550, a second usable area 520 associated with the second development site 550, a first horizontal well 542-H from the first A second horizontal well 544-H, which also starts from the first development site 540 and is led into the second usable region 520, has a third horizontal bore 552-H, which has been introduced into the first usable area 510. which is led from the second development site 550 into the first usable area 510 and a fourth horizontal bore 554-H, that of the second
  • Development site 550 is led out into the second usable area 520.
  • Horizontal bore 542-H a first associated opening fluid connection line between the first usable area 510 and the first development site 540, from the second horizontal bore 544-H a first non-according to
  • the system 500 further includes a heat exchange device 580 disposed at the first containment site 540 having a fluid inlet 582 and a fluid outlet 584. Attached to the fluid inlet 582 is the first one serving as production conduit for the first usable area 510
  • Fluid connection line connected. To the fluid outlet 584 is a
  • Connected to the fluid inlet 592 is an earth surface side initial portion of the second associated fluid communication line serving as a production well for the second usable area 520.
  • Fluid outlet 594 is an earth surface side starting portion of the
  • the circulatory system comprises the following successive successive sections: those from the second
  • Horizontal well 544-H prepared first cross-linking fluid communication line that leads from the first development site 540 into the second usable area 520, which produced in the second usable area 520
  • Fluid connection line, the first direct opening fluid connection line and the heat exchange device 580th The embodiment shown in FIG. 16, because of the horizontal bores used, allows the first development site not to be located substantially vertically above the first usable region 510, but also horizontally displaced with respect to the first usable region 510 (FIG. and, of course, also with respect to the second usable area 520). Likewise, it permits the one shown in FIG. 16
  • Embodiment that also the second development site 550 in horizontal
  • Direction or laterally with respect to the second usable area 520 may be set offset.
  • double diagonal crosslinking formed by horizontal bores 542-H, 544-H, 552-H, and 554-H may also be extended to include a third or more useful areas in the interconnectivity
  • FIG. 17 is illustrative of a more generalized system 600 comprising: a first usable area 610, a first first drainage site 640 associated with the first usable area, a heat exchange device 680 disposed at the drainage site 640, a first associated fluid communication line 642 between the first usable area 610 and the first development site 640, and two, three, four, five, six, or even more development arms 605-1, 605-2, 605-3, parallel to each other and each with the first usable area 610 and the first one
  • Each of the accession arms 605-1, 605-2, 605-3 substantially represents a system similar to the system 400 shown in FIG. 15.
  • a system the system of each of the accession arms
  • two usable areas namely a second and a third usable area (420 and 430 in Fig. 15 and 620-1 and 630-2 in Fig. 17) directly and connected in parallel with each other with a first usable area (410 in Fig. 15 and 610 in Fig. 17).
  • This networking is done using a
  • Fluid communication line (472, 473 in Fig. 15, 646-1, 646-2, 646-3 in Fig. 17) and provided in a corresponding number, each "parallel" extending, non-improperly opening fluid connection lines parallel to each other and directly with the first usable area (410 in Fig. 15, 610 in Fig. 17) are networked.
  • each of the "outer" usable areas 620-1, 630-1, 620-2, 630-2, 620-3, 630-3 is the starting point for a plurality (two, three, four or more) of parallel (not shown in Fig. 17), it being obvious that each of the "outer” usable regions 620-1, 630-1, 620-2, 630-2, 620-3, 630-3 may be a "station” in a plurality (two, three, four or more) of annular serially-networked usable areas (not shown in Fig. 17).
  • inventive concept of (directly or indirectly) interconnecting two or more usable areas may be implemented with existing (modern) drilling technology, existing casing technology, existing casing technology (in English Technical language: well completen technology) and possibly existing ones
  • Stimulation technology can be realized.
  • Production line serving, associating opening fluid connection line promoted heat exchange fluid through the heat exchange device in a non-improperly opening fluid connection line is carried out by substantially horizontally extending holes in the ground at depths with less heat loss than on the earth's surface
  • connection device or a heat exchange device (such as a power plant) is additionally equipped with solar collectors at the earth's surface, heat loss in the line sections, where the formation temperature is lower than the temperature of the circulating heat exchange fluid, may be less than the additional one
  • Heat energy uptake efficiency in the (e.g., substantially horizontal) pipe sections between the useable areas is a measure of Heat energy uptake efficiency in the (e.g., substantially horizontal) pipe sections between the useable areas.
  • Heat energy absorption efficiency (thermal efficiency) are significantly increased compared to the usual practice of opening up only one usable area of a development site.
  • Man-made (i.e., hydraulically induced cracking) -purified useful regions can have a very large, nearly any extent, limited only by the range of cracking, and very high permeability. Due to the networking and production of several usable areas, it is sufficient to produce shorter crack or fissures in each of the produced usable areas than if - as hitherto - only one usable area is produced. This reduces the risk of loss of water (waterflooding) to distant, permeable formations and can be virtually completely eliminated by appropriate planning.
  • the number of directly or indirectly crosslinkable, artificially (ie by hydraulically induced cracking) stimulated useful areas can be increased almost arbitrarily, such as by the above-described parallel networking of two or more (about n> 2) usable areas and / or by annular-serial networking of several (about m> 3) usable areas.
  • the thermal energy uptake efficiency is also a function of the contact area between the rock matrix and the circulating
  • Heat exchange fluid water
  • the contact surface can be increased almost arbitrarily by hydraulic fracturing methods (English: hydraulic fracing).
  • development sites it is also possible to set up, for example, a power plant at a development site and, for example, a heat exchange facility for the supply of energy supply to a district heating distribution network at another development site.
  • Areas according to the first and second aspect of the present invention in the hydrothermal geothermal reduces the risk of a project and increases its lifetime.
  • HDR hot-dry-rock
  • HDR Hot Dry Rock
  • Stimulation hydroaulically induced cracking
  • the production time for a usable area can be increased and a
  • Regeneration of the geothermal usable area can be made significantly shorter, easier, more successful, and less expensive. In favorable cases, even a permanent production can be set up and regeneration phases can be avoided.
  • Hydraulic efficiency is expected to be significantly higher (twice as likely) than in HDR projects.
  • clusters of useable areas can be created by means of the depth of the access wells
  • Cross-linking fluid communication lines can achieve quite extensive subsurface interconnections from a large number of usable areas from very few, especially only from a development site, to underground cross-linking fluid communication lines, see for example Fig. 17. Therefore, the heat energy transfer efficiency can be very high, the heat energy extraction From a single usable area kept relatively low and so the production time extended with little to no regeneration needs or even permanently established. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (1; 2; 3; 4; 100-100'''; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600) d'extraction ou de production d'énergie géothermique, comportant une première zone souterraine exploitable (10; 110; 210; 310; 410; 510; 610) contenant de l'énergie géothermique, une première station d'exploitation prédéfinie (40; 140; 240; 340; 440; 540; 640) affectée à la première zone exploitable, et une première conduite de liaison fluidique d'exploitation conforme à l'affectation (42; 142; 242; 342; 442; 542; 642) créée entre la première station d'exploitation et la première zone exploitable. Selon l'invention, il est également prévu au moins une deuxième zone souterraine exploitable (20; 120; 220; 320; 420; 520; 620) ou d'autres zones souterraines exploitables ultérieures (20; 120; 220; 320; 420; 520; 620) contenant de l'énergie géothermique, ainsi qu'une première conduite de liaison fluidique d'exploitation non conforme à l'affectation (44; 144; 244; 344; 444; 544; 644) créée entre la première station d'exploitation et la deuxième zone exploitable.
EP11701515A 2010-01-29 2011-01-31 Système et procédé d'extraction d'énergie géothermique à partir d'au moins deux réservoirs Withdrawn EP2529163A2 (fr)

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DE102010006141A DE102010006141A1 (de) 2010-01-29 2010-01-29 DDS für die tiefe Erdwärme
PCT/EP2011/051337 WO2011092335A2 (fr) 2010-01-29 2011-01-31 Système et procédé d'extraction d'énergie géothermique à partir d'au moins deux réservoirs

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WO2017053884A1 (fr) * 2015-09-24 2017-03-30 Geothermic Solution, Llc Extracteurs de chaleur géothermique
CN108204207A (zh) * 2017-12-14 2018-06-26 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 防砂完井管柱
CN109740203B (zh) * 2018-12-18 2023-04-18 新疆贝肯能源工程股份有限公司 用于地热井开发的定向轨迹设计方法
WO2021167701A1 (fr) * 2020-02-20 2021-08-26 The Johns Hopkins University Système géothermique amélioré naturel utilisant un aquifère sédimentaire chaud
WO2023091786A1 (fr) * 2021-11-22 2023-05-25 Geox Energy Inc. Système d'énergie géothermique supercritique

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DE2449807C3 (de) * 1974-10-19 1980-05-14 C. Deilmann Ag, 4444 Bentheim Anlage zur Erschließung von Erdwärme
US4200152A (en) * 1979-01-12 1980-04-29 Foster John W Method for enhancing simultaneous fracturing in the creation of a geothermal reservoir
RU2162991C2 (ru) * 1995-06-07 2001-02-10 Джеймс Шнелл Геотермальная система для выработки электроэнергии
NO305622B2 (no) * 1996-11-22 2012-04-02 Per H Moe Anordning for utnyttelse av naturvarme
DE19919555C1 (de) * 1999-04-29 2000-06-15 Flowtex Technologie Gmbh & Co Verfahren zur Erschließung geothermischer Energie sowie Wärmetauscher hierfür
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DE102004028601A1 (de) * 2004-06-07 2005-12-29 Scheller, Albert, Dr. Verfahren und Anlage zur Nutzung von geothermischer Wärme
AU2005258224A1 (en) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-05 Terrawatt Holdings Corporation Method of developingand producing deep geothermal reservoirs
DE102007003066A1 (de) * 2007-01-20 2008-07-24 Sasse, Heiko, Dipl.-Ing. Anlage zur Erschließung und Nutzung thermischer Energie aus wärmeführenden Erdformationen
US20090211757A1 (en) * 2008-02-21 2009-08-27 William Riley Utilization of geothermal energy
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