EP2524892A1 - Crane control - Google Patents
Crane control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2524892A1 EP2524892A1 EP12003631A EP12003631A EP2524892A1 EP 2524892 A1 EP2524892 A1 EP 2524892A1 EP 12003631 A EP12003631 A EP 12003631A EP 12003631 A EP12003631 A EP 12003631A EP 2524892 A1 EP2524892 A1 EP 2524892A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- crane
- load
- measuring unit
- ship
- crane control
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007630 basic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010972 statistical evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
- B63B27/10—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of cranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/02—Devices for facilitating retrieval of floating objects, e.g. for recovering crafts from water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
- B66C23/52—Floating cranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/88—Safety gear
- B66C23/90—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
- B66C23/905—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment electrical
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a crane control for a crane arranged on a ship, with a load moment limitation, which determines a maximum permissible load.
- the load torque limit can either automatically account for the maximum allowable load in the control of the crane or output to the user so that it can take into account the maximum load capacity when driving the crane.
- Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a crane control with a load torque limit available, which allows a more reliable determination of the maximum allowable load of a crane arranged on a ship.
- the present invention shows a crane control for a crane arranged on a ship, with a load moment limitation, which determines a maximum permissible load.
- the load moment limitation is connected to a measuring unit for measuring the movement of the ship and determines the maximum permissible load on the basis of data of the measuring unit.
- an inertial measuring system is used as the measuring unit, from the data of which the movement of the jib tip of the crane can be determined at least in the vertical direction due to the ship's movement.
- the measuring unit may in particular comprise a gyroscope and / or an acceleration sensor and / or an electronic inclination transmitter.
- the load torque limit determined by the evaluation of data of the measuring unit, a speed and / or acceleration of the boom tip and determines from this the maximum permissible load.
- the determination of the vertical movement of the cantilever tip is usually sufficient to determine the maximum permissible load, as this is the deciding factor in the movement of the cantilever tip in terms of the load.
- the determination of the speed and / or acceleration of the jib tip takes place on the basis of data of a preceding specific time period.
- the determination thus always takes place over a specific revolving time window, so that always up-to-date data is used to determine the speed and / or acceleration or to determine the maximum permissible load.
- the load torque limit determines a tip speed and / or peak acceleration of the cantilever tip over a certain period of time. This can then be used to determine the maximum permissible load.
- the determination of the peak velocity and / or peak acceleration takes place via a filter algorithm which evaluates the measurement data of the measuring unit.
- the load torque limit forms an average of the speed and / or acceleration of the cantilever tip over a certain period of time.
- the averaging is carried out over an upper portion of the determined by the measuring unit speeds and / or Accelerations. This results in an average peak speed and / or peak acceleration.
- the mean value of the upper third of the measured speeds and / or accelerations can be determined.
- the maximum permissible load is read from a table or a look-up table on the basis of a speed value and / or acceleration value determined from the data of the measuring unit.
- the maximum permissible carrying loads for different speed values and / or acceleration values can therefore be stored in the crane control according to the invention in the form of a table and then read out according to the determined values.
- the table may be a multi-dimensional table, so that in addition to the speed and / or acceleration values, of course, further values are included in the query of the maximum permissible load.
- the unloading of the crane can continue to be included in the query of the table.
- the load can be calculated online. As far as reference is made in the following description to the reading out of tables, an online calculation can alternatively be carried out here as well.
- the measuring unit can be arranged on the crane tip.
- the measuring unit can thus measure directly the movement of the crane tip by the wave motion of the ship.
- the measuring unit is equipped so that it can determine the movement of the crane tip in the vertical direction, in particular the speed and / or acceleration and / or the crane tip in the vertical direction.
- the crane control in this case has an evaluation unit which calculates the movements of the cantilever tip generated by the crane movement from the total movement measured by the measuring unit.
- a determination of the speed and / or acceleration of the cantilever tip for a given cantilever position can be made by converting data from a measuring unit not arranged in this position.
- a position for which the maximum load is to be determined no longer be approached by the boom.
- a measuring unit is arranged on the tower of the crane or on the ship, wherein the load moment limitation determines the speed and / or acceleration of the boom tip by converting the data from the measuring unit.
- a geometric model of the crane is used for this purpose. Further advantageously, data about a current and / or a virtual position of the cantilever tip enter into the calculation.
- the determination of the speed and / or acceleration of the boom tip takes place for a user-inputable boom position.
- the crane control according to the invention therefore comprises in particular a user dialogue in which the user can enter a boom position, for which then the maximum permissible load is determined.
- the determination of the speed or acceleration for any position of the cantilever tip is possible without having approached them.
- the two mentioned measuring units can also be combined.
- horizontal influences can additionally be taken into account. These may be due to an inclination of the ship resulting from the loading condition or a pre-trimming. Also dynamic horizontal deflections of the load, which are caused by horizontal relative movements of the installations (ship with crane, ship, which takes off and picks up the load), are considered here.
- the horizontal influences can be measured or calculated. The values can be taken into account by tables or by online calculation in the payloads.
- the load torque limitation according to the invention is in communication with a second measuring unit which determines the movement of another ship, wherein the load torque limit additionally uses data from the second measuring unit for determining the maximum permissible load.
- This embodiment of the crane control according to the invention is used in particular when a load is to be stored on another ship or taken up by this. In this case, the movement of this further ship is a factor which must be considered at the maximum permissible load.
- This is inventively accomplished by a second measuring unit, which is arranged on the other ship.
- the evaluation of the data from the second measuring unit can be carried out in the same manner as for the data of the first measuring unit.
- a tip speed and / or peak acceleration of the further ship can be determined.
- this can be an average of the speed and / or acceleration over a certain period of time.
- the averaging is carried out over an upper portion of the determined by the measuring unit speeds and / or accelerations.
- a filtering of the measured data can take place beforehand.
- the crane control according to the invention advantageously has an output unit which outputs the maximum load calculated by the load moment limitation.
- this is an optical output unit, in particular, a display unit.
- the output can also or alternatively be made to the crane control, which automatically takes into account when controlling the crane.
- the output of the maximum permissible load for a given boom position is possible.
- a boom position can be entered by the user.
- the maximum permissible load is output as a load curve.
- the present invention further comprises a crane with a crane control according to the invention.
- this is a jib crane.
- a tower crane - such as a boom crane, offshore crane, ship crane or a non-rotatably tiltable frame crane - with a rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation tower on which a boom is arranged.
- the crane control controls in particular the hoist of the crane according to the invention.
- the crane according to the invention can be arranged or arranged on a ship.
- the present invention further comprises a ship with a crane according to the invention, which is accordingly equipped with a crane control according to the invention.
- the present invention further includes a method for operating a crane arranged on a ship, in which a maximum permissible load is determined.
- a maximum permissible load is determined.
- a movement of the ship is measured and the maximum permissible load is determined on the basis of the measured movement.
- the determination of the maximum permissible load takes place as already described above with regard to the crane control.
- it is advantageously based on the measured data determines a speed and / or acceleration of the jib tip, in particular in the vertical direction and from this determines the maximum permissible load.
- the present invention further comprises a program, in particular a program stored on a data carrier, for implementing a method as described above on a crane control.
- Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a ship according to the invention 1.
- the ship 1 has a crane 3, which is equipped with a crane control according to the invention.
- this is a tower crane with a tower 5, which is rotatably arranged about a rotary axis 6 on a tower base 4 about a vertical axis of rotation.
- a boom 7 is arranged up and down about a horizontal axis of rotation.
- the hoist rope 8 is guided over the top 10 of the boom 7.
- the crane has in particular a lifting drive for moving the hoisting rope 8, via which a load hanging on the crane hook 9 can be lifted.
- another ship 2 shown on which the load can be stored or from which the load can be lifted.
- the wave motion generates a movement of the ship and thus a movement v C of the top 10 of the boom and thus the load.
- the wave motion generates a movement v D of the other ship and thus the destination.
- the movements of the crane caused by the wave movement affect the maximum permissible load (SWL for Safe Work Load).
- the situation-specific maximum load of the crane is determined on the basis of measured values which are obtained by a measuring unit for measuring the movement of the ship 1.
- the ship movements detected by the sensors are thereby processed by means of filter algorithms so as to determine the vertical jib tip speed and / or vertical jib tip acceleration. With this speed and / or acceleration, the situation-specific maximum load capacity of the crane can then be calculated.
- the first two positions for the arrangement of a measuring unit can be used alternatively or simultaneously to determine the movement of the boom tip due to the movement of the ship 1.
- the third arrangement possibility of a measuring unit serves to determine the movement of another ship 2, on which the load is to be deposited or from which the load is to be picked up.
- the third measuring unit MU 3 is not needed. Rather, then the vertical velocity v D can be assumed to be zero.
- the vertical velocity v C in the cantilever tip or the cantilever tip acceleration can be measured directly by the MU 1 and / or calculated from the values measured by the MU 2.
- the determination of the maximum load is determined on the basis of a vertical peak speed v C.
- Fig. 2 shows a basic procedure of the evaluation:
- the measured by the measuring unit 20 data for moving the cantilever tip are first filtered through a filter algorithm 21 and from these the current vertical speed v C determined.
- the position of the crane jib, which is taken from the crane control in step 25, thereby advantageously enters the algorithm 21 for calculating the vertical speed v C of the boom tip from the measurement data of the measuring unit 20.
- the average of the upper third of the measured velocities v C is determined over a certain time window.
- step 22 The peak speed determined in step 22 and the boom of the crane boom are used in step 23 to determine the maximum load.
- the maximum payload is read from a corresponding table based on the peak speed and outreach values.
- step 30 the output of the maximum load SWL determined in this way then takes place in a user interface.
- the determination of the vertical speed v C of the jib tip for any operating point, without this point must first be approached by the crane.
- the second measuring unit MU 2 can be used. Via an input of the user, any cantilever tip position can be approached virtually. From the data determined by the measuring unit 2, the vertical cantilever tip speed v C for the virtual operating point of the cantilever tip can now be calculated. For this purpose, only the known geometry of the cantilever tip with respect to the position of the second measuring unit MU 2 must be used.
- the evaluation can be as in Fig. 2
- the filter algorithm 21 now carries out the conversion of the data from the measuring unit 20, which is not arranged on the crane jib tip, on the basis of virtual data relating to the position of the crane jib.
- first measuring unit MU 1 on the boom tip
- second measuring unit MU 2 on the tower or on the ship.
- Fig. 3 shows an input / output unit, via which any jib tip position can be approached virtually.
- the rotation angle can be changed via the input mask 31, and the radius can be changed via the input mask 32.
- the input can be done for example via a keyboard and / or virtual slide on a monitor or touchscreen.
- the user interface now outputs the vertical peak speed in the display 33 and the resulting maximum load SWL in a display 34 for the set virtual position.
- an indication of the maximum payloads for the entire working range e.g. take the form of a load curve. It should be noted that the maximum vertical speeds and thus the maximum allowable loads for different angles of rotation of the crane may be different, since the wave motion may, for example, lead to a greater movement of the ship in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction.
- the maximum vertical velocity v C is calculated for N different angles of rotation over the entire swept range.
- the maximum load capacities for the various angles of rotation are determined as a function of the radius. The presentation is now done by projection of the maximum payloads for the various angles of rotation in a single graph. Finally, the minimum over all angles of rotation can then be calculated, which is then displayed as the maximum possible SWL in the form of a load curve.
- FIG. 4 An exemplary embodiment of such a display is shown, in which a plurality of load curves 35 for different angles of rotation are combined in one representation. Alternatively or additionally, the display of the minimum over all load curves can be provided.
- the presentation of the results can be done both in the crane control and on a diagnostic computer to be connected externally.
- the procedure corresponds essentially to the case already described above, but the lookup table 23 has a further input.
- the cover speed v D is then used to read out the maximum permissible load from the table 23 (cf. FIG. 5 ).
- the evaluation of the measured data of the third measuring unit 40 is carried out analogously to the evaluation of the data of the first or second measuring unit 20.
- a filter algorithm 41 is provided, which from the data of the measuring unit, the cover speed determined in the vertical direction v D.
- the average value of the upper third is then determined from this. This then enters as the peak value of the cover speed in the determination of the maximum load.
- the display of the data on the user interface 30 can then take place as already shown above.
- the acceleration in the vertical direction a C or a D can also be used to determine the maximum permissible load.
- the evaluation of the measurement results can be done in the same way as for the speed.
- the horizontal influences are considered in step 50. These may be due to an inclination of the ship resulting from the loading condition or a pre-trimming. Also dynamic horizontal deflections of the load, which are caused by horizontal relative movements of the installations (ship with crane, ship, which takes off and picks up the load), are considered here.
- the horizontal influences can be measured or calculated. The values can be taken into account by tables or by online calculation in the payloads.
- the present invention makes it possible, through the use of measured values for ship movement, to deploy a crane deployed on a ship safely and with high loads despite the movement of the ship and thus of the crane caused by the wave motion.
- each buoyant body which is thus exposed to a wave motion, considered.
- the present invention can therefore also be used in cranes which are arranged on barges or other floats.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Kransteuerung für einen auf einem Schiff angeordneten Kran, mit einer Lastmomentbegrenzung, welche eine maximal zulässige Traglast bestimmt. Die Lastmomentbegrenzung kann dabei die maximal zulässige Traglast entweder automatisiert in der Ansteuerung des Kranes berücksichtigen oder an den Benutzer ausgeben, so daß dieser die maximal zulässige Traglast bei der Ansteuerung des Kranes berücksichtigen kann.The present invention relates to a crane control for a crane arranged on a ship, with a load moment limitation, which determines a maximum permissible load. The load torque limit can either automatically account for the maximum allowable load in the control of the crane or output to the user so that it can take into account the maximum load capacity when driving the crane.
Bei einem auf einem Schiff angeordneten Kran muß bei der Bestimmung der maximal zulässigen Traglast neben den üblichen Faktoren, welche in eine Lastmomentbegrenzung eingehen, wie beispielsweise der Ausladung des Kranes, weiterhin berücksichtigt werden, daß auch die aktuelle Wellenbewegung Auswirkungen auf die maximal zulässige Traglast haben kann. Bisherige Lastmomentbegrenzungen, bei welchen eine signifikante Wellenhöhe bzw. ein Sea-State ermittelt wird, gemäß welchem eine entsprechende Traglastkurve in Kranbetrieb gewählt werden muß, sind dabei mit großen Unsicherheiten behaftet.In a crane arranged on a ship must be taken into account in determining the maximum load capacity in addition to the usual factors which are included in a load torque limit, such as the jib of the crane, also that the current wave motion can affect the maximum allowable load , Previous load torque limitations, in which a significant wave height or a sea state is determined, according to which a corresponding load curve in crane operation must be selected, are subject to great uncertainties.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, eine Kransteuerung mit einer Lastmomentbegrenzung zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche eine zuverlässigere Bestimmung der maximal zulässigen Traglast eines auf einem Schiff angeordneten Krans ermöglicht.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a crane control with a load torque limit available, which allows a more reliable determination of the maximum allowable load of a crane arranged on a ship.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Kransteuerung gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a crane control according to
Die vorliegende Erfindung zeigt dabei eine Kransteuerung für einen auf einem Schiff angeordneten Kran, mit einer Lastmomentbegrenzung, welche eine maximal zulässige Traglast bestimmt. Dabei steht die Lastmomentbegrenzung mit einer Meßeinheit zur Messung der Bewegung des Schiffes in Verbindung und bestimmt die maximal zulässige Traglast auf Grundlage von Daten der Meßeinheit.The present invention shows a crane control for a crane arranged on a ship, with a load moment limitation, which determines a maximum permissible load. In this case, the load moment limitation is connected to a measuring unit for measuring the movement of the ship and determines the maximum permissible load on the basis of data of the measuring unit.
Während gemäß dem Stand der Technik von der ohnehin nur schwer bestimmbaren signifikanten Wellenhöhe auf die Bewegung der Auslegerspitze geschlossen wurde, von welcher aus wiederum die maximale Traglastgrenze bestimmt wurde, so daß z.B. die Anströmrichtung und der Schiffstyp nicht betrachtet werden konnten, werden nunmehr die Schiffsbewegungen durch Sensoren erfaßt und zur Bestimmung der maximalen Traglast des Kranes herangezogen. Durch die Messung der realen Schiffsbewegung lassen sich damit die technischen Grenzen situationsgerechter ausnutzen, und damit bei gleichbleibend hoher Sicherheit höhere Traglasten erreichen.While, according to the prior art, the movement of the cantilever tip was inferred from the already clearly determinable significant wave height, from which in turn the maximum payload limit was determined, so that e.g. the direction of flow and the type of ship could not be considered, now the ship movements are detected by sensors and used to determine the maximum load of the crane. By measuring the real ship's motion, the technical limits can be exploited in a more situational manner, thus achieving higher loads with consistently high safety.
Als Meßeinheit kommt dabei insbesondere ein Inertialmeßsystem zum Einsatz, aus dessen Daten die Bewegung der Auslegerspitze des Kranes aufgrund der Schiffsbewegung zumindest in vertikaler Richtung bestimmt werden kann. Die Meßeinheit kann dabei insbesondere ein Gyroskop und/oder einen Beschleunigungssensor und/oder einen elektronischen Neigungsgeber umfassen. Vorteilhafterweise ermittelt die Lastmomentbegrenzung durch die Auswertung von Daten der Meßeinheit eine Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung der Auslegerspitze und bestimmt hieraus die maximal zulässige Traglast. Vorteilhafterweise wird dabei zumindest die Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung der Auslegerspitze in vertikaler Richtung ermittelt und aus dieser die maximal zulässige Traglast bestimmt. Die Ermittlung der vertikalen Bewegung der Auslegerspitze ist dabei üblicherweise ausreichend, um die maximal zulässige Traglast zu bestimmen, da diese den entscheidenden Faktor bei der Bewegung der Auslegerspitze im Hinblick auf die Traglast darstellt.In particular, an inertial measuring system is used as the measuring unit, from the data of which the movement of the jib tip of the crane can be determined at least in the vertical direction due to the ship's movement. The measuring unit may in particular comprise a gyroscope and / or an acceleration sensor and / or an electronic inclination transmitter. Advantageously, the load torque limit determined by the evaluation of data of the measuring unit, a speed and / or acceleration of the boom tip and determines from this the maximum permissible load. Advantageously, at least the Speed and / or acceleration of the boom tip determined in the vertical direction and from this determines the maximum permissible load. The determination of the vertical movement of the cantilever tip is usually sufficient to determine the maximum permissible load, as this is the deciding factor in the movement of the cantilever tip in terms of the load.
Vorteilhafterweise erfolgt bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kransteueurung die Ermittlung der Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung der Auslegerspitze auf Grundlage von Daten eines vorangegangenen bestimmten Zeitraums. Die Ermittlung erfolgt damit immer über ein bestimmtes mitlaufendes Zeitfenster, so daß immer aktuelle Daten zur Ermittlung der Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung bzw. zur Bestimmung der maximal zulässigen Traglast herangezogen werden.Advantageously, in the crane control according to the invention, the determination of the speed and / or acceleration of the jib tip takes place on the basis of data of a preceding specific time period. The determination thus always takes place over a specific revolving time window, so that always up-to-date data is used to determine the speed and / or acceleration or to determine the maximum permissible load.
Weiterhin kann bei der vorliegenden Erfindung vorgesehen sein, daß zu Arbeitsbeginn eine Initialisierung der Lastmomentbegrenzung mit aktuell gemessenen Werten erfolgt. Die Ausgangsergebnisse basieren damit immer auf Werten seit dem Neustart der Steuerung, während Altdaten für die Berechnung nicht berücksichtigt werden.Furthermore, it can be provided in the present invention that at the beginning of work, an initialization of the load torque limit takes place with currently measured values. The output results are therefore always based on values since the controller was restarted, while old data is not taken into account for the calculation.
Vorteilhafterweise ermittelt die Lastmomentbegrenzung eine Spitzengeschwindigkeit und/oder Spitzenbeschleunigung der Auslegerspitze über einen bestimmten Zeitraum. Diese kann dann zur Bestimmung der maximal zulässigen Traglast herangezogen werden.Advantageously, the load torque limit determines a tip speed and / or peak acceleration of the cantilever tip over a certain period of time. This can then be used to determine the maximum permissible load.
Vorteilhafterweise erfolgt die Ermittlung der Spitzengeschwindigkeit und/oder Spitzenbeschleunigung dabei über einen Filteralgorithmus, welcher die Meßdaten der Meßeinheit auswertet.Advantageously, the determination of the peak velocity and / or peak acceleration takes place via a filter algorithm which evaluates the measurement data of the measuring unit.
Weiterhin vorteilhafterweise bildet die Lastmomentbegrenzung einen Mittelwert der Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung der Auslegerspitze über einen bestimmten Zeitraum. Vorteilhafterweise erfolgt die Mittelwertbildung dabei über einen oberen Teilbereich der durch die Meßeinheit bestimmten Geschwindigkeiten und/oder Beschleunigungen. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine gemittelte Spitzengeschwindigkeit und/oder Spitzenbeschleunigung. Beispielsweise kann dabei erfindungsgemäß der Mittelwert des oberen Drittels der gemessenen Geschwindigkeiten und/oder Beschleunigungen bestimmt werden.Further advantageously, the load torque limit forms an average of the speed and / or acceleration of the cantilever tip over a certain period of time. Advantageously, the averaging is carried out over an upper portion of the determined by the measuring unit speeds and / or Accelerations. This results in an average peak speed and / or peak acceleration. For example, according to the invention, the mean value of the upper third of the measured speeds and / or accelerations can be determined.
Weiterhin vorteilhafterweise wird erfindungsgemäß die maximal zulässige Traglast anhand eines aus den Daten der Meßeinheit ermittelten Geschwindigkeitswertes und/oder Beschleunigungswertes aus einer Tabelle bzw. einem look-up table ausgelesen. Die maximal zulässigen Traglasten für unterschiedliche Geschwindigkeitswerte und/oder Beschleunigungswerte können daher in der erfindungsgemäßen Kransteuerung in Form einer Tabelle abgelegt und dann gemäß der ermittelten Werte ausgelesen werden. Selbstverständlich kann es sich bei der Tabelle um eine vieldimensionale Tabelle handeln, so daß neben den Geschwindigkeits- und/oder Beschleunigungswerten selbstverständlich auch weitere Werte in die Abfrage der maximal zulässigen Traglast eingehen. Insbesondere kann dabei in die Abfrage der Tabelle weiterhin die Ausladung des Kranes eingehen. Alternativ kann die Traglast auch online berechnet werden. Soweit in der folgenden Beschreibung auf das Auslesen von Tabellen Bezug genommen wird, kann hier jeweils alternativ auch eine Online-Berechnung durchgeführt werden.Further advantageously, according to the invention, the maximum permissible load is read from a table or a look-up table on the basis of a speed value and / or acceleration value determined from the data of the measuring unit. The maximum permissible carrying loads for different speed values and / or acceleration values can therefore be stored in the crane control according to the invention in the form of a table and then read out according to the determined values. Of course, the table may be a multi-dimensional table, so that in addition to the speed and / or acceleration values, of course, further values are included in the query of the maximum permissible load. In particular, the unloading of the crane can continue to be included in the query of the table. Alternatively, the load can be calculated online. As far as reference is made in the following description to the reading out of tables, an online calculation can alternatively be carried out here as well.
In einer ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann die Meßeinheit an der Kranspitze angeordnet sein. Die Meßeinheit kann damit direkt die Bewegung der Kranspitze durch die Wellenbewegung des Schiffes messen. Insbesondere ist die Meßeinheit dabei so ausgestattet, daß sie die Bewegung der Kranspitze in vertikaler Richtung bestimmen kann, insbesondere die Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung und/oder der Kranspitze in vertikaler Richtung. Vorteilhafterweise weist die Kransteuerung dabei eine Auswerteeinheit auf, welche die durch die Kranbewegung erzeugten Bewegungen der Auslegerspitze aus der durch die Meßeinheit gemessenen Gesamtbewegung herausrechnet.In a first embodiment of the present invention, the measuring unit can be arranged on the crane tip. The measuring unit can thus measure directly the movement of the crane tip by the wave motion of the ship. In particular, the measuring unit is equipped so that it can determine the movement of the crane tip in the vertical direction, in particular the speed and / or acceleration and / or the crane tip in the vertical direction. Advantageously, the crane control in this case has an evaluation unit which calculates the movements of the cantilever tip generated by the crane movement from the total movement measured by the measuring unit.
Weiterhin kann eine Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung der Auslegerspitze für eine bestimmte Auslegerposition durch Umrechnung von Daten einer nicht in dieser Position angeordneten Meßeinheit erfolgen. Damit muß eine Position, für welche die maximale Traglast bestimmt werden soll, nicht mehr durch den Ausleger angefahren werden.Furthermore, a determination of the speed and / or acceleration of the cantilever tip for a given cantilever position can be made by converting data from a measuring unit not arranged in this position. Thus, a position for which the maximum load is to be determined, no longer be approached by the boom.
Weiterhin kann erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen sein, daß eine Meßeinheit am Turm des Kranes oder am Schiff angeordnet ist, wobei die Lastmomentbegrenzung die Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung der Auslegerspitze durch Umrechnung der Daten aus der Meßeinheit bestimmt. Vorteilhafterweise wird hierfür ein geometrisches Modell des Kranes eingesetzt. Weiterhin vorteilhafterweise gehen dabei Daten über eine aktuelle und/oder eine virtuelle Position der Auslegerspitze in die Berechung ein.Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that a measuring unit is arranged on the tower of the crane or on the ship, wherein the load moment limitation determines the speed and / or acceleration of the boom tip by converting the data from the measuring unit. Advantageously, a geometric model of the crane is used for this purpose. Further advantageously, data about a current and / or a virtual position of the cantilever tip enter into the calculation.
Vorteilhafterweise kann gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung vorgesehen sein, daß die Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung der Auslegerspitze für eine vom Benutzer eingebbare Auslegerposition erfolgt. Die erfindungsgemäße Kransteuerung umfaßt daher insbesondere einen Benutzerdialog, in welchem der Benutzer eine Auslegerposition eingeben kann, für welche dann die maximal zulässige Traglast bestimmt wird. Damit ist die Ermittlung der Geschwindigkeit bzw. der Beschleunigung für eine beliebige Position der Auslegerspitze möglich, ohne diese angefahren zu haben.Advantageously, according to the present invention, it can be provided that the determination of the speed and / or acceleration of the boom tip takes place for a user-inputable boom position. The crane control according to the invention therefore comprises in particular a user dialogue in which the user can enter a boom position, for which then the maximum permissible load is determined. Thus, the determination of the speed or acceleration for any position of the cantilever tip is possible without having approached them.
Wird eine nicht an der Kranspitze angeordnete Meßeinheit eingesetzt, so bestimmt diese vorteilhafterweise die Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung in allen drei Raumrichtungen. Aus den Meßwerten dieser Meßeinheit kann dann die für die Traglast entscheidende vertikale Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung der Auslegerspitze berechnet werden. Diese vertikale Bewegung geht dann in die Bestimmung der maximal zulässigen Traglast ein. Vorteilhafterweise können die beiden genannten Meßeinheiten auch kombiniert werden.If a measuring unit not arranged at the crane tip is used, this advantageously determines the speed and / or acceleration in all three spatial directions. From the measured values of this measuring unit, it is then possible to calculate the vertical speed and / or acceleration of the cantilever tip which is decisive for the load. This vertical movement then enters into the determination of the maximum permissible load. Advantageously, the two mentioned measuring units can also be combined.
Vorteilhaft können zusätzlich noch Horizontaleinflüsse berücksichtigt werden. Diese können in einer aus dem Beladungszustand oder einer Vortrimmung resultierenden Schrägstellung des Schiffes begründet sein. Auch dynamische Horizontalablenkungen der Last, die durch horizontale Relativbewegungen der Installationen bedingt sind (Schiff mit Kran, Schiff, das die Last ab- und aufnimmt), sind hier berücksichtigt. Dabei können die Horizontaleinflüsse gemessen oder berechnet werden. Die Werte können durch Tabellen oder durch Online-Berechnung in den Traglasten berücksichtigt werden.Advantageously, horizontal influences can additionally be taken into account. These may be due to an inclination of the ship resulting from the loading condition or a pre-trimming. Also dynamic horizontal deflections of the load, which are caused by horizontal relative movements of the installations (ship with crane, ship, which takes off and picks up the load), are considered here. The horizontal influences can be measured or calculated. The values can be taken into account by tables or by online calculation in the payloads.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, daß die erfindungsgemäße Lastmomentbegrenzung mit einer zweiten Meßeinheit in Verbindung steht, welche die Bewegung eines weiteren Schiffes bestimmt, wobei die Lastmomentbegrenzung zur Bestimmung der maximal zulässigen Traglast zusätzlich noch Daten der zweiten Meßeinheit heranzieht. Diese Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Kransteuerung wird insbesondere dann eingesetzt, wenn eine Last auf einem weiteren Schiff abgelegt oder von diesem aufgenommen werden soll. In diesem Fall ist auch die Bewegung dieses weiteren Schiffes ein Faktor, welcher bei der maximal zulässigen Traglast berücksichtigt werden muß. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine zweite Meßeinheit, welche auf dem weiteren Schiff angeordnet ist, bewerkstelligt.Furthermore, it can be provided that the load torque limitation according to the invention is in communication with a second measuring unit which determines the movement of another ship, wherein the load torque limit additionally uses data from the second measuring unit for determining the maximum permissible load. This embodiment of the crane control according to the invention is used in particular when a load is to be stored on another ship or taken up by this. In this case, the movement of this further ship is a factor which must be considered at the maximum permissible load. This is inventively accomplished by a second measuring unit, which is arranged on the other ship.
Die Auswertung der Daten von der zweiten Meßeinheit kann dabei in gleicher Weise erfolgen wie für die Daten der ersten Meßeinheit. Insbesondere kann dabei eine Spitzengeschwindigkeit und/oder Spitzenbeschleunigung des weiteren Schiffes bestimmt werden. Vorteilhafterweise kann hierfür ein Mittelwert der Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung über einen bestimmten Zeitraum gebildet werden. Vorteilhafterweise erfolgt die Mittelwertbildung dabei über einen oberen Teilbereich der durch die Meßeinheit bestimmten Geschwindigkeiten und/oder Beschleunigungen. Weiterhin kann zuvor eine Filterung der Meßdaten erfolgen.The evaluation of the data from the second measuring unit can be carried out in the same manner as for the data of the first measuring unit. In particular, a tip speed and / or peak acceleration of the further ship can be determined. Advantageously, this can be an average of the speed and / or acceleration over a certain period of time. Advantageously, the averaging is carried out over an upper portion of the determined by the measuring unit speeds and / or accelerations. Furthermore, a filtering of the measured data can take place beforehand.
Die erfindungsgemäße Kransteuerung weist vorteilhafterweise eine Ausgabeeinheit auf, welche die durch die Lastmomentbegrenzung berechnete maximale Traglast ausgibt. Vorteilhafterweise handelt es sich dabei um eine optische Ausgabeeinheit, insbesondere um eine Anzeigeeinheit. Die Ausgabe kann zusätzlich oder alternativ auch an die Kransteuerung erfolgen, welche diese bei der Ansteuerung des Kranes automatisch berücksichtigt.The crane control according to the invention advantageously has an output unit which outputs the maximum load calculated by the load moment limitation. Advantageously, this is an optical output unit, in particular, a display unit. The output can also or alternatively be made to the crane control, which automatically takes into account when controlling the crane.
Vorteilhafterweise kann dabei vorgesehen sein, daß die Ausgabe der maximal zulässigen Traglast für eine bestimmte Auslegerposition möglich ist. Vorteilhafterweise ist eine solche Auslegerposition dabei durch den Benutzer eingebbar.Advantageously, it can be provided that the output of the maximum permissible load for a given boom position is possible. Advantageously, such a boom position can be entered by the user.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann vorgesehen sein, daß die maximal zulässige Traglast als Traglastkurve ausgegeben wird.Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the maximum permissible load is output as a load curve.
Neben der Kransteuerung umfaßt die vorliegende Erfindung weiterhin einen Kran mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Kransteuerung. Insbesondere handelt es sich dabei um einen Auslegerkran. Weiterhin vorteilhafterweise handelt es sich um einen Turmdrehkran - wie zum Beispiel einen Auslegerdrehkran, Offshorekran, Schiffskran oder einen nichtdrehbar wippbaren Rahmenkran -, mit einem um eine vertikale Drehachse drehbaren Turm, an welchem ein Ausleger angeordnet ist. Vorteilhafterweise steuert die Kransteuerung dabei insbesondere das Hubwerk des erfindungsgemäßen Kranes an. Der erfindungsgemäße Kran ist dabei auf einem Schiff anordenbar oder angeordnet.In addition to the crane control, the present invention further comprises a crane with a crane control according to the invention. In particular, this is a jib crane. Further advantageously, it is a tower crane - such as a boom crane, offshore crane, ship crane or a non-rotatably tiltable frame crane - with a rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation tower on which a boom is arranged. Advantageously, the crane control controls in particular the hoist of the crane according to the invention. The crane according to the invention can be arranged or arranged on a ship.
Neben der Kransteuerung und dem Kran umfaßt die vorliegende Erfindung weiterhin ein Schiff mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Kran, welcher demgemäß mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Kransteuerung ausgestattet ist.In addition to the crane control and the crane, the present invention further comprises a ship with a crane according to the invention, which is accordingly equipped with a crane control according to the invention.
Die vorliegende Erfindung umfaßt weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines auf einem Schiff angeordneten Krans, bei welchem eine maximal zulässige Traglast bestimmt wird. Vorteilhafterweise ist hierfür vorgesehen, daß eine Bewegung des Schiffes gemessen und die maximal zulässige Traglast auf Grundlage der gemessenen Bewegung bestimmt wird. Vorteilhafterweise erfolgt die Bestimmung der maximal zulässigen Traglast dabei so, wie dies oben bereits im Hinblick auf die Kransteuerung beschrieben wurde. Insbesondere wird dabei vorteilhafterweise anhand der Meßdaten eine Geschwindigkeit und/oder Beschleunigung der Auslegerspitze insbesondere in vertikaler Richtung ermittelt und hieraus die maximal zulässige Traglast bestimmt.The present invention further includes a method for operating a crane arranged on a ship, in which a maximum permissible load is determined. Advantageously, it is provided for this purpose that a movement of the ship is measured and the maximum permissible load is determined on the basis of the measured movement. Advantageously, the determination of the maximum permissible load takes place as already described above with regard to the crane control. In particular, it is advantageously based on the measured data determines a speed and / or acceleration of the jib tip, in particular in the vertical direction and from this determines the maximum permissible load.
Die vorliegende Erfindung umfaßt weiterhin ein Programm, insbesondere ein auf einem Datenträger abgespeichertes Programm, zur Implementierung eines Verfahrens, wie es oben dargestellt wurde, auf einer Kransteuerung.The present invention further comprises a program, in particular a program stored on a data carrier, for implementing a method as described above on a crane control.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nun anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen sowie Zeichnungen näher dargestellt.The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and drawings.
Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Schiffes mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Kran mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Steuereinheit,
- Fig. 2
- eine Prinzipdarstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Kransteuerung,
- Fig. 3
- eine Ein- und Ausgabeeinheit für eine Kransteuerung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung.
- Fig. 4
- eine Ausgabeeinheit für eine Kransteuerung eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels der vorliegenden Erfindung,
- Fig. 5
- eine Prinzipdarstellung eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Kransteuerung,
- Fig. 6
- eine Prinzipdarstellung eines fünften Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Kransteuerung und
- Fig. 7
- eine Prinzipdarstellung eines sechsten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Kransteuerung.
- Fig. 1
- An embodiment of a ship according to the invention with a crane according to the invention with a control unit according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a crane control according to the invention,
- Fig. 3
- an input and output unit for a crane control of a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 4
- an output unit for a crane control of a third embodiment of the present invention,
- Fig. 5
- a schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of a crane control according to the invention,
- Fig. 6
- a schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of a crane control according to the invention and
- Fig. 7
- a schematic diagram of a sixth embodiment of a crane control according to the invention.
Wie in
Die Messung der realen Schiffsbewegung auf offener See erlaubt dabei, die technischen Grenzen besser auszunutzen, da über die übermittelte reale Bewegung der Auslegerspitze in vertikaler Richtung die maximale Traglast erheblich sicherer bestimmt werden kann als durch ein Verfahren gemäß dem Stand der Technik.The measurement of the real ship movement on the open sea makes it possible to make better use of the technical limits, because of the conveyed real movement of the Jib tip in the vertical direction, the maximum load can be determined much safer than by a method according to the prior art.
Als Meßeinheit MU wird vorteilhafterweise eine Inertial-Meßeinheit eingesetzt. Diese kann insbesondere ein Gyroskop und/oder einen Beschleunigungsaufnehmer bzw. -sensor und/oder elektronische Neigungsgeber umfassen. In
- MU 1: Anordnung
der Meßeinheit MU 1 an der Auslegerspitze - MU 2: Anordnung
der Meßeinheit MU 2 am Turm des Kranes oder am Schiff - MU 3: Anordnung
der Meßeinheit MU 3 auf einem weiteren Schiff/Barge
- MU 1: Arrangement of the
measuring unit MU 1 on the jib tip - MU 2: Arrangement of the
measuring unit MU 2 on the tower of the crane or on the ship - MU 3: Arrangement of the
measuring unit MU 3 on another ship / barge
Die ersten beiden Positionen für die Anordnung einer Meßeinheit können dabei alternativ oder gleichzeitig eingesetzt werden, um die Bewegung der Auslegerspitze aufgrund der Bewegung des Schiffes 1 zu bestimmen. Die dritte Anordnungsmöglichkeit einer Meßeinheit dient dazu, die Bewegung eines weiteren Schiffes 2, auf welchem die Last abgelegt oder von welchem die Last aufgenommen werden soll, zu bestimmen.The first two positions for the arrangement of a measuring unit can be used alternatively or simultaneously to determine the movement of the boom tip due to the movement of the
Falls anstelle eines weiteren Schiffes 2 eine fixe Installation eingesetzt wird, zum Beispiel eine Plattform, wird die dritte Meßeinheit MU 3 nicht benötigt. Vielmehr kann dann die vertikale Geschwindigkeit vD mit Null angenommen werden.If a fixed installation is used instead of another
Die vertikale Geschwindigkeit vC in der Auslegerspitze oder die Beschleunigung der Auslegerspitze kann dagegen durch die MU 1 direkt gemessen und/oder aus den durch die MU 2 gemessenen Werten berechnet werden.The vertical velocity v C in the cantilever tip or the cantilever tip acceleration, on the other hand, can be measured directly by the
Die Auswertung der Meßwerte wird nun in einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert, bei welchem die Bestimmung der maximalen Traglast anhand einer vertikalen Spitzengeschwindigkeit vC ermittelt wird. Durch Aufzeichnung der Bewegung der Auslegerspitze mittels der Meßeinheit MU 1 und anschließender statistischer Auswertung über ein bestimmtes Zeitfenster wird dabei die gemittelte vertikale Geschwindigkeit der aktuellen Position der Kranspitze bestimmt. Diese vertikale Geschwindigkeit und die Ausladung bestimmen dann die maximale Traglast.The evaluation of the measured values will now be explained in more detail in a first exemplary embodiment, in which the determination of the maximum load is determined on the basis of a vertical peak speed v C. By recording the movement the cantilever tip by means of the
Die in Schritt 22 ermittelte Spitzengeschwindigkeit und die Ausladung des Kranauslegers werden in Schritt 23 dazu herangezogen, die maximale Traglast zu bestimmen. Dabei wird die maximale Traglast aus einer entsprechenden Tabelle anhand der Werte für die Spitzengeschwindigkeit und für die Ausladung ausgelesen. In Schritt 30 erfolgt dann die Ausgabe der so ermittelten maximalen Traglast SWL in einem Benutzerinterface.The peak speed determined in
Um den Komfort für den Benutzer zu erhöhen kann die Bestimmung der vertikalen Geschwindigkeit vC der Auslegerspitze für einen beliebigen Arbeitspunkt erfolgen, ohne daß dieser Punkt zuerst vom Kran angefahren werden muß. Hierfür kann die zweite Meßeinheit MU 2 verwendet werden. Über eine Eingabe des Benutzers kann dabei eine beliebige Auslegerspitzenposition virtuell angefahren werden. Aus den durch die Meßeinheit 2 ermittelten Daten kann nun die vertikale Auslegerspitzengeschwindigkeit vC für den virtuellen Arbeitspunkt der Auslegerspitze berechnet werden. Hierzu muß lediglich die bekannte Geometrie der Auslegerspitze in Bezug auf die Position der zweiten Meßeinheit MU 2 herangezogen werden.In order to increase the comfort for the user, the determination of the vertical speed v C of the jib tip for any operating point, without this point must first be approached by the crane. For this purpose, the second
Die Auswertung kann dabei wie in
Selbstverständlich ist es dabei möglich, sowohl eine erste Meßeinheit MU 1 an der Auslegerspitze, als auch eine zweite Meßeinheit MU 2 am Turm oder am Schiff einzusetzen.Of course, it is possible to use both a first
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann eine Anzeige der maximalen Traglasten für den gesamten Arbeitsbereich z.B. in Form einer Traglastkurve erfolgen. Dabei ist zu berücksichtigen, daß die maximalen vertikalen Geschwindigkeiten und damit die maximal zulässigen Traglasten für unterschiedliche Drehwinkel des Kranes unterschiedlich sein können, da die Wellenbewegung beispielsweise zu einer stärkeren Bewegung des Schiffes in Querrichtung als in Längsrichtung führen kann.Alternatively or additionally, an indication of the maximum payloads for the entire working range, e.g. take the form of a load curve. It should be noted that the maximum vertical speeds and thus the maximum allowable loads for different angles of rotation of the crane may be different, since the wave motion may, for example, lead to a greater movement of the ship in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal direction.
Um dennoch eine Traglastkurve angeben zu können, welche für beliebige Drehwinkel des Kranes Gültigkeit hat, kann wie folgt vorgegangen werden:In order nevertheless to be able to specify a load-bearing curve which is valid for any angle of rotation of the crane, the following procedure can be adopted:
Zunächst wird die maximale vertikale Geschwindigkeit vC für N verschiedene Drehwinkel über den gesamten Ausladungsbereich berechnet. In einem zweiten Schritt werden hieraus die maximalen Traglasten für die verschiedenen Drehwinkel in Abhängigkeit vom Radius ermittelt. Die Darstellung erfolgt nun durch Projektion der maximalen Traglasten für die verschiedenen Drehwinkel in eine einzige Grafik. Schlußendlich kann dann das Minimum über alle Drehwinkel gerechnet werden, welches dann als maximale mögliche SWL in Form einer Traglastkurve dargestellt wird.First, the maximum vertical velocity v C is calculated for N different angles of rotation over the entire swept range. In a second step, the maximum load capacities for the various angles of rotation are determined as a function of the radius. The presentation is now done by projection of the maximum payloads for the various angles of rotation in a single graph. Finally, the minimum over all angles of rotation can then be calculated, which is then displayed as the maximum possible SWL in the form of a load curve.
In
Bei allen Ausführungsbeispielen der vorliegenden Erfindung erfolgt nach einem Neustart der Steuerung eine Neuinitialisierung der Ermittlung der Bewegung der Auslegerspitze. Die Ausgangsergebnisse basieren dabei immer auf Werten seit Neustart der Steuerung. Alte Daten werden dagegen für die Berechnung nicht berücksichtigt.In all embodiments of the present invention, after a restart of the control, a reinitialization of the determination of the movement of the cantilever tip takes place. The output results are always based on values since the controller was restarted. By contrast, old data is not taken into account for the calculation.
Die Darstellung der Ergebnisse kann dabei sowohl in der Kransteuerung als auch auf einem extern anzuschließenden Diagnoserechner erfolgen.The presentation of the results can be done both in the crane control and on a diagnostic computer to be connected externally.
Die bisherigen Ausführungsbeispiele betrafen dabei den Fall vD = 0, das heißt die Arbeit mit einem feststehenden Ziel. Soll dagegen mit einer Deckgeschwindigkeit ungleich Null gearbeitet werden, das heißt mit einem weiteren Schiff als Ziel oder Ausgangspunkt, so werden noch die Meßwerte der dritten Meßeinheit MU 3 herangezogen. Die Arbeitsweise entspricht dabei im wesentlichen dem bereits oben beschriebenen Fall, wobei jedoch die Lookup-Tabelle 23 einen weiteren Eingang aufweist. Neben der Geschwindigkeit der Auslegerspitze vC wird dann auch die Deckgeschwindigkeit vD herangezogen, um die maximal zulässige Traglast aus der Tabelle 23 auszulesen (vgl.
Die Auswertung der Meßdaten der dritten Meßeinheit 40 erfolgt dabei analog zu der Auswertung der Daten der ersten oder zweiten Meßeinheit 20. Hierfür ist ein Filteralgorithmus 41 vorgesehen, welcher aus den Daten der Meßeinheit die Deckgeschwindigkeit in vertikaler Richtung vD bestimmt. In Schritt 42 wird hieraus dann der Mittelwert des oberen Drittels bestimmt. Dieser geht dann als Spitzenwert der Deckgeschwindigkeit in die Bestimmung der maximalen Traglast ein.The evaluation of the measured data of the
Die Anzeige der Daten auf dem Benutzerinterface 30 kann dann erfolgen wie bereits oben dargestellt.The display of the data on the
Anstelle der im Ausführungsbeispiel herangezogenen Geschwindigkeit in vertikaler Richtung vC bzw. vD kann alternativ oder zusätzlich auch die Beschleunigung in vetikaler Richtung aC bzw. aD zur Bestimmung der maximal zulässigen Traglast herangezogen werden. Die Auswertung der Meßergebnisse kann dabei in gleicher Weise wie für die Geschwindigkeit erfolgen.Instead of the velocity in the vertical direction v C or v D used in the exemplary embodiment, alternatively or additionally, the acceleration in the vertical direction a C or a D can also be used to determine the maximum permissible load. The evaluation of the measurement results can be done in the same way as for the speed.
In den
Die vorliegende Erfindung ermöglicht es durch die Verwendung von Meßwerten zur Schiffsbewegung, einen auf einem Schiff eingesetzten Kran trotz der durch die Wellenbewegung erzeugten Bewegung des Schiffes und damit des Kranes sicher und mit hohen Traglasten einzusetzen.The present invention makes it possible, through the use of measured values for ship movement, to deploy a crane deployed on a ship safely and with high loads despite the movement of the ship and thus of the crane caused by the wave motion.
Als Schiff im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung wird dabei jeder schwimmfähige Körper, welcher damit einer Wellenbewegung ausgesetzt ist, angesehen. Die vorliegende Erfindung kann daher auch bei Kranen, welche auf Bargen oder anderen Schwimmkörpern angeordnet sind, eingesetzt werden.As a ship in the context of the present invention, each buoyant body, which is thus exposed to a wave motion, considered. The present invention can therefore also be used in cranes which are arranged on barges or other floats.
Claims (12)
dass die Lastmomentbegrenzung mit einer Meßeinheit zur Messung der Bewegung des Schiffes in Verbindung steht und
die maximal zulässige Traglast auf Grundlage von Daten der Meßeinheit bestimmt.Crane control system for a crane arranged on a ship, having a load moment limitation, which determines a maximum permissible load, characterized in that
that the load torque limiter is in communication with a measuring unit for measuring the movement of the ship, and
the maximum permissible load is determined on the basis of data from the measuring unit.
wobei die Lastmomentbegrenzung zur Bestimmung der maximal zulässigen Traglast zusätzlich Daten der weiteren Meßeinheit heranzieht.Crane control according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the load torque limiter is in communication with a further measuring unit which determines the movement of another ship,
wherein the load torque limit for determining the maximum permissible load additionally uses data of the other measuring unit.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass eine Bewegung des Schiffes gemessen und
die maximal zulässige Traglast auf Grundlage der gemessenen Bewegung bestimmt wird.Method for operating a crane arranged on a ship, in particular for operating a crane according to Claim 8, in which a maximum permissible load is determined,
characterized,
that measured a movement of the ship and
the maximum permissible load is determined based on the measured movement.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011102025A DE102011102025A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2011-05-19 | crane control |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2524892A1 true EP2524892A1 (en) | 2012-11-21 |
EP2524892B1 EP2524892B1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
Family
ID=46178387
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12003631.4A Active EP2524892B1 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-05-09 | Crane control |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120296519A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2524892B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102786001B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011102025A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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EP2947035A1 (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2015-11-25 | Liebherr-Werk Nenzing GmbH | Method for determining the load on a working machine and working machine, in particular a crane |
GB2493946B (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2017-07-19 | Fraser Dunphy James | Crane monitoring system |
RU2775521C1 (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-04 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Центральный Научно-исследовательский Институт Судового Машиностроения" (ЗАО "ЦНИИ СМ") | Method for release of floating object from water surface in waves and device for its implementation |
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DE202010014310U1 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-01-18 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Crane, in particular caterpillar or mobile crane |
SG11201407904QA (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2014-12-30 | Seatrax Inc | System and method to determine relative velocity of crane and target load |
GB201303031D0 (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2013-04-03 | Limpet Holdings Uk Ltd | Improved appratus for and method of transferring an object between a marine transport vessel and a construction or vessel |
DE102013011489B4 (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2021-09-16 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Tower crane |
SG10201608235YA (en) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-05-30 | Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Ct Pte Ltd | System and method for guiding cargo transfer between two bodies |
NO20161285A1 (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2017-08-14 | Rolls Royce Marine As | Motion compensating crane system |
JP6852178B2 (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2021-03-31 | ジェイ. レイ マクダーモット, エス.エー. | Offshore ship-to-ship lifting with target tracking assistance |
CN110709602B (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2022-04-15 | 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 | Offshore wind turbine installation |
EP3461783B1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-11-13 | B&R Industrial Automation GmbH | Lifting device and method for controlling a lifting device |
JP7059605B2 (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2022-04-26 | 富士電機株式会社 | Crane operation control device |
JP7172243B2 (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2022-11-16 | 株式会社タダノ | Cranes and crane control systems |
EP3653484A1 (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-05-20 | Ørsted Wind Power A/S | A system for transferring an object from a ship to an offshore structure |
AU2020218500C1 (en) | 2019-02-05 | 2023-05-25 | J. Ray Mcdermott, S.A. | System for determining position of objects |
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EP2947035A1 (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2015-11-25 | Liebherr-Werk Nenzing GmbH | Method for determining the load on a working machine and working machine, in particular a crane |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102786001B (en) | 2015-11-04 |
EP2524892B1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
CN102786001A (en) | 2012-11-21 |
US20120296519A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
DE102011102025A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
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