EP2523821A2

EP2523821A2 - Frame for an electrochemical energy storage device

Info

Publication number: EP2523821A2
Application number: EP10795623A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Tim Schaefer
Original assignee: Li Tec Battery GmbH
Current assignee: Li Tec Battery GmbH
Priority date: 2010-01-13
Filing date: 2010-12-16
Publication date: 2012-11-21
Also published as: DE102010004471A1; WO2011085778A3; US20120282496A1; BR112012017280A2; CN102686441A; WO2011085778A2; KR20120125461A; JP2013517591A

Abstract

The invention relates to a frame (1) for an electrochemical energy storage device (2), wherein the frame (1) is intended to enclose the electrochemical energy storage device (2) at least in some areas, comprising a frame element (3), which has a first frame element area (5) having a first yield strength.

Description

Frame for an electrochemical energy storage device

Description

The present invention relates to a frame for an electrochemical energy storage device, a battery cell with this frame and an e-lektrochemischen energy storage device, a battery with at least one such battery cell, a motor vehicle with a battery according to the invention and two operating methods. The invention will be described in the context of lithium-ion batteries for the supply of motor vehicle drives. It should be noted that the invention can also be used regardless of the type of battery or regardless of the type of powered drive.

Batteries for supplying motor vehicle drives are known from the prior art. Some types have in common that the environment of these batteries is endangered as a result of their damage, such as in an accident of a vehicle powered by the battery. The invention is therefore based on the object to reduce the risk to the environment by a damaged battery, such as in an accident of a powered by the battery motor vehicle.

This is achieved according to the invention by the teaching of the independent claims. Preferred developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. An inventive frame is provided for one, two or more electrochemical energy storage devices. The frame is in particular provided to surround the at least one electrochemical energy storage device at least in regions, preferably along a plurality of boundary edges of the electrochemical energy storage devices. The frame has at least one frame element, preferably two to four frame elements. A frame element has a first frame element area with a first yield point. The frame is characterized by a second frame element region, which is assigned in particular to a frame element. The second frame element region according to the invention has a second yield point. According to the invention, the quotient q of the yield points of a second frame element region and of a first frame element region falls below a predetermined value.

For the purposes of the invention, a frame is to be understood as meaning a device which serves in particular for surrounding an electrochemical energy storage device, at least in some areas. The frame has a receiving area or frame opening for one, two or more electrochemical energy storage devices. The frame preferably surrounds an electrochemical energy storage device along at least two of its boundary edges, which are arranged parallel to one another. Particularly preferably, the frame surrounds an electrochemical energy storage device circumferentially. Preferably, the frame is formed as a thin-walled flap having a first and a second main extension direction and with two parallel main planes. Preferably, the receiving area is adapted to the shape of the electrochemical energy storage device to be accommodated. Preferably, the frame surrounds the electrochemical energy storage device at a predetermined distance. Preferably, the frame has two substantially parallel boundary surfaces. Preferably, the frame is formed as a solid. Preferably, the receiving area of the frame takes two or more electrochemical energy storage devices on. Preferably, the thickness of the frame is greater than the thickness of the received electrochemical energy storage devices.

For the purposes of the invention, an electrochemical energy storage device is to be understood as a device which serves in particular for the delivery of electrical energy and for the conversion of stored chemical energy into electrical energy. The electrochemical energy storage device has at least one electrode stack with a plurality of anodes and cathodes (electrodes), wherein an anode and a cathode are separated by a separator. The electrochemical energy storage device further comprises two current conductors of different polarity, which are each electrically connected to one of the electrodes. Preferably, the electrochemical energy storage device is plate-shaped with first and second main expansion orientations. Preferably, the electrochemical energy storage device is formed as a flat cuboid with two parallel, largest boundary surfaces, with two pairs of parallel smaller boundary surfaces and with eight boundary edges of the boundary surfaces. Preferably, a current collector extends from a smaller boundary surface. Preferably, the current conductors of different polarity extend from the same smaller boundary surface of the electrochemical energy storage device. Preferably, an electrochemical energy storage device is secured against displacement within the opening of the frame by at least one spacer formed or inserted into the frame. Preferably, the electrochemical energy storage devices are rechargeable. The separator preferably has an electrolyte, in particular with lithium.

For the purposes of the invention, a frame element is to be understood as a component of the frame, wherein the frame element extends along one of the main expansion directions of the electrochemical energy storage device. Preferably, a frame member is formed as a spar. Preferably, a frame member is sized at least as long as the associated, adjacent boundary edge of the electrochemical energy storage device. Preferably, a frame member is formed as a solid. Preferably, the frame has two, more preferably four frame elements, wherein two frame elements are arranged parallel to each other. According to the invention, a frame element has two substantially parallel boundary surfaces. Preferably, these parallel boundary surfaces coincide with the two largest boundary surfaces of a plate-shaped replacement body corresponding to the outer dimensions of the frame.

For the purposes of the invention, a first frame element region is to be understood as meaning an area of a frame element. A first frame element region is characterized by a first yield point. Preferably, this first frame element region is within a frame element of the electrochemical energy storage device adjacent and arranged facing this. Preferably, the first frame element region extends at least over the entire length of an adjacent boundary edge of the electrochemical energy storage device. Preferably, a first frame element region is in particular a material part of a frame element. Preferably, the first yield point is higher than the yield point of the electrochemical energy storage device. Preferably, a first frame element region comprises at least one material from the following group, which includes: iron-containing alloys, steel, light metals such as aluminum, titanium or magnesium, plastics such as in particular PP, PA or PE, which are in particular crosslinked and which in particular with fillers and / or or woven / laid, in particular with glass and / or aramid fibers. Preferably, a first frame element region has a honeycomb structure, particularly preferably with aramid fibers and / or with a metal foil, wherein the longitudinal axes of the honeycombs are particularly preferably arranged in the direction of the acting foreign body. Preferably, a first frame menelementbereich a rib or web, which extends particularly preferably in the main plane of the frame.

For the purposes of the invention, a yield point is to be understood as a property which in particular provides information about the behavior of a body in response to an acting force. The yield strength of a frame element region is determined by the material, the geometry of the frame element region and the type of stress. The yield strength of a material of a frame element and / or, in particular, the path by which a surface of a frame element area acted upon by a force is displaced in the direction of force and / or in the transverse direction relative to this force serve as a measure of the yield strength. Preferably, in the case of an at least partially crystalline solid, the yield strength of the material serves as a measure of the yield strength, in particular in the case of a metal or a partially crystalline polymer.

In the context of the invention, a second frame element region is to be understood as meaning a further region of a frame, in particular of frame elements. A second frame element region is characterized in particular by a second yield point. Preferably, a first frame element area is part of a first frame element and a second frame element area is part of a second frame element. Preferably, a second frame element region extends along a main extension direction of the associated electrochemical energy storage device. A frame element preferably has both a first frame element region and a second frame element region, with the first frame element region particularly preferably being arranged at a smaller distance from the associated electrochemical energy storage device than a second frame element region. Preferably, a first frame element region and a second frame element region extend along different main expansion directions of the associated electrochemical energy storage device. A second frame element area preferably has at least one material from the following group, which includes: light metals such as aluminum, titanium or magnesium, uncrosslinked plastics, elastomers, gels, glass or sand particles, textile mats or scrims, foams in particular of steel, light metals, polymers such as in particular PU or PS. Preferably, a second frame element region has a honeycomb structure, with the longitudinal axes of the honeycombs particularly preferably being arranged transversely to the foreign body acting on. Preferably, a second frame element region has a design which, given an acting force, promotes transverse expansion of the second frame element region. Preferably, a second frame element region has a wave profile and / or beads whose longitudinal axes are arranged transversely to the foreign body acting. Preferably, a second frame element area acts:

• by preferentially deforming under load and distributing an applied force over a larger area, • by partially deflecting an applied force in its transverse direction and / or

• By converting an acting energy into heat, in particular by means of dissipation.

According to the invention, the quotient q of the flow limits g of the second frame element region and of the first frame element region falls below a predetermined value q _g . The quotient q is calculated as follows: Preferably, the predetermined value of the quotient q _{g is} less than 1, preferably less than 9/10, preferably less than 8/10, preferably less than 7/10, preferably less than 6/10, preferably less than 5/10, preferably less than 4/10, preferably less than 3/10, preferably less than 2/10, preferably less than 1/10 and preferably more than 1/100.

With the inventive design of the frame for an electrochemical energy storage device, a high dimensional stability, in particular of a first frame element region is achieved. A more compliant second frame element region acts as previously stated, thus reducing a damaging effect of an applied force on an electrochemical energy storage device. Thus, the extent of damage to a battery according to the invention, for example as a result of an accident, as well as the endangerment of the environment in particular reduced by the escape of chemicals and solved the underlying object.

Hereinafter, preferred developments of the invention will be described.

Advantageously, a first frame element region is arranged adjacent to a second frame element region. The first frame element area preferably contacts the second frame element area. Preferably, a first frame element region is displaceable relative to a second frame element region. Preferably, a first frame element region is connected in particular to a second frame element region of the same frame element in a materially bonded manner, particularly preferably adhesively bonded or welded. Preferably, the connection of a first frame element region with a second frame element region of a frame element is executed only in certain regions. Preferably, a first frame element region is at a predetermined distance from a second frame element region of the same frame element. arranged menelements. Preferably, a first frame element region and a second frame element region form different layers of the same frame element. Preferably, the cross sections of these layers have different shapes. Advantageously, the frame has one, two or more frame connection areas. A frame connection area is provided in particular for connection to a further body. In particular, a cover of the frame opening and an adjacent frame of another battery cell fall under this further body. Preferably, the cover is connected to the frame connection region in particular cohesively. Preferably, a frame connection region has a recess, which serves in particular for performing a connection means. In particular, the connection means is a device which connects a plurality of frames, in particular a pull rod or a band. Advantageously, a frame has a frame reinforcement component. For the purposes of the invention, a frame reinforcement component is to be understood as a body which is characterized by a high flexural rigidity, buckling rigidity and / or a high yield strength. Preferably, the yield strength, the bending stiffness, the buckling stiffness of the frame reinforcement member is higher than the first yield stress of a first frame member region. Preferably, the

Frame on several frame reinforcement components. Preferably, a frame reinforcement member is disposed adjacent to a first frame member portion and in particular integrally connected thereto. Preferably, a frame reinforcement component is at least partially enclosed by a first frame element region, particularly preferably predominantly enclosed. Preferably, a frame reinforcement member extends over the entire length of a frame member. Preferably, in particular a profiled frame reinforcement member characterized by a high moment of resistance. Advantageously, the frame has at least one frame recess, which is arranged in particular on a frame element. Preferably, the frame has two or more frame recesses. The frame recess extends along or through a frame element and serves in particular for receiving a current conductor of an electrochemical energy storage device. The current conductor is guided through this frame recess and extends through the frame recess beyond the frame element into the environment. Preferably, a second frame element region is interrupted in the region of a frame recess. Preferably, a separating device is arranged adjacent to the frame recess. The

Separation device is used in particular for severing a carried current conductor or for stripping a cell contact device.

According to the invention, a battery cell has a frame according to the invention and an electrochemical energy storage device. In this case, the frame surrounds the electrochemical energy storage device at least in regions, preferably along a plurality of boundary edges of the electrochemical energy storage device. Preferably, the battery cell has two or more electrochemical energy storage devices. Preferably, two electrochemical energy storage devices of a battery cell are connected in series and / or in parallel.

Advantageously, the battery cell has a cell pressure distribution layer. In particular, the cell pressure distribution layer serves for the planar distribution of a force or a pressure which is exerted by a foreign body on this cell pressure distribution layer. In particular, the cell pressure distribution layer separates the battery cell from a foreign body. Preferably, a cell pressure distribution layer comprises at least one material from the following group, which includes: iron-containing alloys, steel, light metals such as aluminum, titanium or magnesium, in particular crosslinked plastics, plastics with fillers and / or fabrics / layers, in particular carbon -, Glass- and / or aramid fibers. Preferably, a cell pressure distribution layer honeycomb structures, in particular with aramid fibers and / or a metal foil, wherein particularly preferably the longitudinal axes of the honeycomb are arranged in the direction of the acting foreign body. Preferably, the honeycombs are closed in the longitudinal direction with a cover layer. Preferably, the cell pressure distribution layer on a rib or web, which extends particularly preferably in the direction of an expected foreign body. Preferably, the cell pressure distribution layer is arranged on an outer side of a frame, particularly preferably on the outer side of a second frame element region. The cell pressure distribution layer is preferably arranged only in predetermined areas of the battery cell, particularly preferably in areas in which a threat is expected by a foreign body with in particular a small end face. Preferably, a cell pressure distribution layer extends beyond the associated battery cell. Preferably, a cell pressure distribution layer is at least partially electrically conductive, in particular by means of a metallic coating and / or a metal wire.

According to the invention, a battery has two or more battery cells according to the invention, which are arranged parallel to one another and / or touching one another.

Preferably, a plurality of second frame element regions of adjacent battery cells are formed in one piece and more preferably have a free-flowing material and / or a fluid. Preferably, the fluid is viscous, wherein the viscosity of the fluid is adapted to the expected speed of the foreign body acting. Preferably, the fluid is compressible.

Preferably, the battery has a relief device, which allows the fluid leaving the originally occupied space. loading Particularly preferably, the opening of the relief device is adapted to the expected speed of the acting foreign body. Preferably, two battery cells are separated by a cell pressure distribution layer. Preferably, a plurality of battery cells are electrically interconnected. Particularly preferably, a plurality of battery cells are connected in series to form a cell group. Several cell groups are preferably connected in parallel.

Preferably, two cell groups are separated by a cell pressure distribution layer.

Preferably, the battery has one, two, four or more connecting means, which connects the battery cells with each other, clasps and / or encloses the battery cells. Preferably, the connecting means is designed as a metal clip, screw or circumferential band.

The battery advantageously has two battery terminal devices or poles, which in particular the indirect electrical connection with a

Serve consumers. Preferably, two battery terminal devices are disposed on outer surfaces of the battery, more preferably on the same outer surface.

Preferably, the cell pressure distribution layers of a plurality of adjacent battery cells of a battery are integrally formed. These preferably form an outer surface of the battery.

Advantageously, the battery at least partially on a battery pressure distribution layer. This is preferably arranged parallel to an outer surface of the battery, in particular preferably, the battery pressure distribution layer forms an outer surface of the battery. Preferably, a battery pressure distribution layer on at least one material from the following group, which includes: iron-containing alloys, steel, light metals such as aluminum, titanium or magnesium, plastics such as in particular PP, PA or PE, which in particular are crosslinked and which in particular with filling fabrics and / or fabrics / are stiffened, especially with carbon, glass and / or aramid fibers. Preferably, a battery pressure distribution layer on a honeycomb structure, particularly preferably with aramid fibers and / or a metal foil, wherein particularly preferably the longitudinal axes of the honeycombs are arranged in the direction of the acting foreign body and act to stiffen the battery pressure distribution layer. Preferably, a battery pressure distribution layer on a rib or web, which extends particularly preferably in the direction of an expected foreign body. Preferably, a battery pressure distribution layer has a corrugated profile and / or beads, whose longitudinal axes are arranged in the direction of the acting foreign body. Preferably, a battery pressure distribution layer is arranged in areas of the battery in which a risk of foreign bodies is expected. Preferably, the battery has a plurality of battery pressure distribution layers, which are arranged parallel to different boundary surfaces of the battery cells, which particularly preferably form outer surfaces of the battery. Preferably, a plurality of battery pressure distribution layers are interconnected. Preferably, a battery pressure distribution layer is arranged at a distance from the battery cells and leaves a gap between the battery pressure-receiving layer and a battery cell, in particular its cell pressure distribution layer. Preferably, this space is filled with a sturdy or flowable material, in particular sand and / or glass particles or a mixture of substances. Preferably, this gap is unfilled and allows deformation of a battery pressure-receiving layer without touching an underlying battery cell. Preferably, a battery pressure distribution layer is at least partially electrically conductive, in particular by means of a metallic coating and / or a metal wire. Advantageously, the battery has one, two or more separating protective layers. Preferably, a separation protection layer of the battery is arranged between a battery pressure-receiving layer and a battery cell or its frame. Preferably, the release liner is formed as a fabric or scrim, more preferably as a cut-resistant fabric, in particular of aramid fibers. Preferably, a plurality of release liners are in areas of the battery arranged, in which is to be expected with an impact by foreign bodies. Preferably, a separation protection layer is formed electrically insulating. Preferably, a release liner has a lower yield stress than a battery pressure distribution layer. In this case, the separation protection layer also acts corresponding to a second frame element region, in particular by force distribution on a larger surface and force deflection in the transverse direction to the foreign body acting direction.

Advantageously, the battery has one, two or more battery boosting component. In particular, a battery boosting member acts to distribute an acting force to a plurality of battery pressure-receiving layers. In particular, a battery-boosting member acts to arrest an impacting foreign object from impinging on a battery-pressure-receiving layer. Preferably, a battery reinforcing member is formed as a guard or protective cage. Preferably, a battery boosting member surrounding the battery holds a battery pressure-receiving layer or separation-protective sheet spaced from the battery. Preferably, a battery boosting member is connected to a battery connecting portion.

Advantageously, the battery has at least one deformation component, which is in particular provided to deform in a predetermined manner, in particular as a result of an acting foreign body. Advantageously, a plurality of deformation components act together to support a battery pressure-receiving layer. Advantageously, a deformation component deforms by conversion of kinetic energy of a foreign body into deformation work. Preferably, the deformation member is disposed between a battery pressure-receiving layer and a cell pressure-receiving layer. Preferably, the deformation member is disposed on an outer surface of the battery. Preferably, the deformation member has a yield stress that is less than the yield strengths of the adjacent battery pressure-receiving layer and cell pressure-receiving layer. Preferably, the deformation component is so saturated. that its sectional area decreases toward an expected foreign matter or the adjacent battery pressure-receiving layer. The deformation component preferably has at least one axis of symmetry. Preferably, the deformation component is cone-shaped and / or formed with an opening angle, wherein the vertices point to the battery pressure-receiving layer.

Advantageously, the battery has one, two to four or more battery connection areas. A battery connection region is in particular provided for connection to a further body, preferably a battery receiving device of a motor vehicle, a machine or a system to be supplied. Preferably, a battery connection region has a mechanical connection means or is designed to interact with a mechanical connection means. Preferably, the mechanical connection means has a predetermined breaking point and is particularly preferably designed as a notched pin or socket. Preferably, a battery terminal or pole is disposed in a battery connection area. Preferably, when connecting the battery to another body, an electrical connection is simultaneously established between a battery connection device and an electrical device of the machine or system to be supplied. For this purpose, the battery connecting device is preferably designed as a projection with a predetermined breaking point, in particular as a notched pin or socket. Preferably, the battery connecting portion transmits only a predetermined force. This predetermined force is, taking into account the number of battery connection areas, to an expected acceleration of the battery o- the action of force on the battery chosen in particular as a result of an accident.

Advantageously, a battery has a cell contact device. In particular, the cell contact device serves to electrically connect the electrochemical energy storage devices to the battery terminal devices. Preferably, two battery terminal devices or pole contacts are the Batteries are connected to the cell contact device. Preferably, the cell contact device is formed substantially plate-shaped and extends parallel to an outer surface of the battery. In this case, the cell contact device is separated from the environment by a battery pressure distribution layer and / or separation protection layer. Preferably, the cell contact device is arranged in a region of the battery in which the impact of a potentially damaging foreign body is not expected. Preferably, the cell contact device is designed as a printed circuit board. The cell contact device has two hunt groups, which are electrically connected to the battery terminals. Preferably, the hunt and battery terminals are integrally formed, and more preferably, the battery terminals are disposed on the cell contact device. Preferably, a hunt group is arranged as a plug-in or screw connection, in particular on a cell contact device designed as a printed circuit board. The cell contact device has at least two cell contact devices, in particular for connection to the current conductors of an electrochemical energy storage device or battery cell. The cell contact device preferably has a pair of cell contact devices per battery cell. Preferably, a cell contact device is detachably formed, particularly preferably as a spring-loaded clamp. Preferably, a cell contact device is arranged on a cell contact device designed as a printed circuit board, particularly preferably soldered or welded.

Advantageously, the cell contact device has one, two or more current-carrying devices, which is preferably designed as a conductor track, current band, busbar or flat cable. In particular, a current-carrying device is used to connect a cell contact device of a first battery cell with a cell contact device of another battery cell and / or with a hunt group. Preferably, a plurality of current-carrying devices for series connection and / or parallel connection of battery cells is formed. Preferably, in particular each four battery cells by means Stromführungseinrichtungen connected in series to a cell group. Preferably, a plurality of cell groups are connected in parallel and / or in series by means of current-carrying devices. Preferably, at least some current-carrying devices are formed flat on the cell contact device. Preferably, at least a plurality of current-carrying devices are produced by a photochemical process and / or in thick-copper technology.

Preferably, one or more current-carrying devices are connected in a heat-conducting manner to one or more heat exchange devices. This heat exchange device is preferably a heat sink and / or a device with fluid channels which contact at least one current-carrying device and / or cell contact devices in a planar manner. Preferably, a heat exchange device is separated from a current-carrying device by a heat-conducting, electrically insulating layer. Preferably, the at least one heat exchange device extends through a recess in a battery pressure distribution layer or a separation protection layer. Preferably, the at least one heat exchange device is arranged in a region of the battery in which the damaging effect of a foreign body is not expected. Preferably, a plurality of heat exchange devices are connected to each other to form a common fluid channel, which is particularly preferably intermittently flowed through by a coolant. Preferably, the heat exchange device is flown by a fluid.

The current path between a battery connection device and a battery cell advantageously has a breaker device. This breaker device is used in particular for interrupting a current path, which includes a cell contact device, a current-carrying device and / or a bus connection. Each current path preferably has its own breaker device. Preferably, a breaker device is designed as a switch (transistor or relay), as an electrical conductor with predetermined breaking point or as a conductor with thin spot. Advantageously, a breaker device is connected to one or more actuators. Preferably, the actuating device is designed as a pressure surface, inductive contact or capacitive contact. The actuating device is preferably arranged on the inside or outside of a battery pressure distribution layer or a separating layer or adjacent thereto. An actuating device preferably protrudes through a recess in a battery pressure distribution layer or separation layer. Preferably, an actuator is connected to a plurality of breaker devices and actuates them together. Preferably, an actuating device is arranged in a region of the battery in which a hazardous effect of a foreign body is expected. Preferably, a plurality of actuators are arranged on different outer surfaces of the battery, so that at least one interrupt device is actuated independently of the effective direction of a harmful foreign body. Preferably, a breaker device and an actuating device are integrally formed. Preferably, an actuating device actuates a cell contact device such that its electrical connection to a battery cell is interrupted. Preferably, an actuating device actuates a separating device such that a current conductor of an electrochemical energy storage device is divided. Preferably, an actuating device is designed as a push button, push body, in particular as a push rod. An actuating device preferably acts on a predetermined breaking point of a battery connecting device.

Advantageously, a separator is used for the electrode stack of the electrochemical energy storage device, which is not or only badly elekt- ronenleitend, and which consists of an at least partially material-permeable support. The support is preferably coated on at least one side with an inorganic material. As at least partially permeable carrier, an organic material is preferably used, which is preferably designed as a non-woven fabric. The organic material which is preferably a polymer and more preferably a polyethylene terephthalate Terephthalate (PET) is coated with an inorganic, preferably ion-conducting material, which is more preferably ion conducting in a temperature range of - 40 ° C to 200 ° C. The inorganic material preferably comprises at least one compound from the group of oxides, phosphates, sulfates, titanates, silicates, aluminosilicates with at least one of the elements Zr, Al, Li, particularly preferably zirconium oxide. The inorganic, ion-conducting material preferably has particles with a largest diameter below 100 nm. Such a separator is, for example, under the trade name "Separion" exaggerated by Evonik AG in Germany.

It is advantageous with the use of such Abieiters the risk of

Short circuit reduced in an electrode stack of an electrochemical energy storage device.

Advantageously, a motor vehicle is equipped with at least one motor vehicle connection device and a battery receiving device. These devices are designed as counterparts for and for interaction with battery terminals and battery connection areas. After insertion of the battery into the battery receiving device, at least one battery connecting device and one battery connecting region are advantageously connected to the respective counterparts of the motor vehicle. Preferably, in a battery connection region, a mechanical connection means and a battery connection device are arranged in spatial proximity to one another. Preferably, one or two battery attachment devices provided with predetermined breaking points protrude, in particular, downwards out of the battery and into motor vehicle connection devices, which are open in particular upwards. Preferably, a mechanical connection means and a battery connection device are formed coaxially. Preferably, a battery connecting device is formed as a sleeve for receiving a bolt or pin of the motor vehicle and / or a screw or rivet, whose diameter are each less than the bore of the sleeve. Preferably, the mecha- Nische connecting means guided by the battery connection device. Preferably, the mechanical connection means has a predetermined breaking point. Preferably, a displacement of the battery leads to the failure of the predetermined breaking point of the battery connecting device. Preferably, one or two battery connecting devices are guided through a respective battery connecting region. Preferably, the mechanical connection between the motor vehicle and a battery connection region is designed such that a predetermined acceleration or force, in particular in the horizontal direction, for example in the case of an accident of the motor vehicle, leads to the failure of this mechanical connection. The following displacement of the battery advantageously causes a failure of a predetermined breaking point of at least one battery terminal device.

An inventive method for operating a battery is characterized in particular by the actuation of an actuating device, in particular by a force. The actuating device is actuated by a foreign body acting on the battery and / or a component of the motor vehicle. In this case, a particular arranged on an outer surface of the battery actuator is at least touched by a foreign body before the foreign body can penetrate into the space occupied by the battery. If the foreign body then actually penetrates into the space occupied by the battery, the battery is no longer capable of delivering electrical energy. The same applies if a vehicle component threatens to penetrate into the space occupied by the battery or the battery has left the originally occupied space and encounters a component of the motor vehicle. Advantageously, the actuating device acts on a breaker device and interrupts a current path. The actuating device preferably acts on a separating device for dividing a current conductor, on a predetermined breaking point of a battery connecting device for its failure and / or on a predetermined breaking point of a current-carrying device for its destruction. Advantageously, a method for operating a battery according to the invention is characterized in that initially a first force is exerted on the battery. For example, a foreign body or a component of the motor vehicle exerts this first force on the battery. This first force may exceed a predetermined force, which is selected depending on expected forces. Exceeding this predetermined force causes the at least one battery connection area to move away from its intended location in the motor vehicle. This shifts the battery. According to the invention, at least one of the battery connection devices fails with displacement of the battery. For this purpose, this battery connection device is designed with a predetermined breaking point. Preferably, the at least one battery terminal device breaks or the electrical connection to the battery cells is interrupted, in particular by tearing of a power cable or current band. The at least one battery connecting device preferably breaks out of the composite of the battery. Advantageously, a cell pressure distribution layer and a battery pressure distribution layer act together as a capacitor. The cell pressure distribution layer forms the first capacitor plate and the battery pressure distribution layer the second capacitor plate. Advantageously, a separation protection layer acts as a dielectric between these capacitor plates. The pressure distribution layers or capacitor plates preferably have different electrical charges Q and a potential difference AU. Preferably, the capacitor plates are temporarily connected to a voltage source. Particularly preferably, a cell pressure distribution layer and a battery pressure distribution layer are temporarily electrically connected to one or more battery cells of the battery. After applying the electrical charges Q, this electrical connection is disconnected again. Preferably, a refreshing of the electrical charge of the capacitor plates takes place at predetermined times. Advantageously, a measuring device measures the potential difference AU at predetermined times. The potential difference is also calculated: AU =

ε ₀ - ε · Α

Here, x ₀ stands for the plate spacing, A stands for a plate surface, ε for the dielectric constants of the separating protective layer. For calculating the potential difference is a control device, which preferably also performs charging and / or refreshing the charge of the pressure distribution layers or capacitor plates. Also, the controller compares the calculated with the measured potential difference. Preferably, the battery management system provides the functions of this controller. If the calculated deviates from the measured potential difference, it can be concluded that there is a change in the plate capacitor. Preferably, it is concluded from different time profiles of calculated and measured potential difference on a change in the plate capacitor. Thus, a not always avoidable in practice leakage current between the capacitor plates is taken into account. From the change of a current or temporal course of the measured potential difference, a deformation of the components involved can be inferred, in particular the battery outer skin.

Further advantages, features and applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the figures. 1 shows a frame according to the invention with first and second frame element regions with inserted electrochemical energy storage device,

2 shows a frame according to the invention with first and second frame element region as well as various embodiments of these frame element regions, Fig. 3 is an opened battery cell according to the invention with cut

Frame, wherein a second frame member area is formed with a flowable material,

4 shows a battery according to the invention with several battery cells in partial section,

5 shows a cell contact device according to the invention, also with attached heat exchange device,

6 shows a battery according to the invention in partial section with cell contact device, battery terminal devices with predetermined breaking point and battery connection areas for connection to a battery receiving device of a motor vehicle, and

7 is a perspective view of a battery according to the invention with battery terminal devices, battery-boosting components, battery terminals, and battery junction areas.

1 shows a frame 1 according to the invention with first 5 and second 6 frame element regions of a frame element 3 with inserted electrochemical energy storage device 2. The frame 1 has a plurality of molded spacers 4, which support the electrochemical energy storage device 2 against displacement within the frame 1. The frame 1 further comprises a frame recess 9 which is formed in the upper, horizontal frame member and whose non-visible edges represented by vertical dashed lines. Through the frame recess 9, a current conductor 13 of the electrochemical energy storage device 2 is guided. Each of the vertical frame elements 3 has a first frame element region 5 and a second frame element region 6, wherein the yield point of the second frame element region 6 is smaller than the flow frame. The first frame element regions 5 are made of a fiber composite material and have a metallic insert 8 as frame reinforcement components. The second frame element regions 6 are made of an elastomer. The two frame element areas 5, 6 also differ by the shape of their respective cross section. Some examples have worked in the drawing layer. The frame 1 has a frame connecting portion 7 with holes through which threaded rods are guided. Hatched horizontally, a cell pressure distribution layer 12 is shown. This is designed to be supported against a battery pressure distribution layer, not shown, and projects beyond the second frame element regions 6. The covers of the frame opening are missing for better representation of the remaining components of the frame cell 1. 1

FIG. 2 schematically shows parts of a frame 1 according to the invention, each having a first 5 and a second 6 frame element area. In the drawing plane different cross sections of the frame element areas 5, 6 are folded. A first cross-section 51 of the first frame element region 5 is square and encloses a deposit 8, the yield point is higher than the yield point of the first frame element region 5. The insert 8 acts stiffening both because of its cross-section and its material. Various inserts 8, 8a, 8b are shown with preferred profiles. The second frame element region 61 is made of a hard foam, in particular of a metal foam, PS foam or PU foam. If necessary, a foreign body penetrates at least partially into the foam and compresses it, wherein kinetic energy of the foreign body is converted. The second frame element areas 62, 63, 64, 65 and 68 respond to a penetrating foreign body with energy-absorbing deformation in the direction of movement of the foreign body and with a transverse strain. The transverse strain causes the second frame element regions 6 of adjacent frames to act together to delay the foreign body. Furthermore, the effect of the penetrating body is distributed over a larger area. The second frame element areas 66, 67 each include a cavity which is filled with a compressible fluid. In this way, adjacent second frame element regions 6 cooperate for the areal distribution of the foreign body effect. The second frame element regions 6 with the cross sections 63, 67 are characterized by decreasing wall thickness in the direction of an expected foreign body. Thus, the penetrating foreign body is exposed to an increasing resistance.

FIG. 3 a shows an opened battery cell 1 1 according to the invention with a flowable second frame element area 6 a. An electrochemical energy storage device 2 is surrounded by a frame 1 with first 5 and second frame element regions 6, 6a. The frame 1 has a frame recess 9, through which a current conductor 13, 13a extends. The first frame element region 5 has a profiled insert 8. The battery cell 11 is surrounded by a cell pressure distribution layer 12 and a further cell pressure distribution layer 12a. The cell pressure distribution layer 12a extends beyond the cell pressure distribution layer 12 and serves to support a battery pressure distribution layer, not shown. Preferably, the cell pressure distribution layer 12a has ribs or webs for avoiding the buckling of the layer. The yield value of the insert 8 is higher than the yield value of the first frame element region 5. The yield value of the first frame element region 5 is higher than the yield value of the second frame element region 6, 6a. The yield strengths of the cell pressure-receiving layers 12, 12a are also higher than the flow limit of the second frame element region 6, 6a. The second frame member portion 6a is formed of a fluid. This second frame element region 6a is surrounded by the surrounding components in such a way that the fluid can not escape in an uncontrolled manner. Advantageously, the viscosity of the second frame element region 6a is selected such that the fluid exits above the capillary opening 71 above a predetermined force. The capillary opening 71 is preferably closed by a valve, which is particularly preferred by a battery management system, not shown, or a superimposed ordered control of the motor vehicle is opened as needed. The second frame element region 6 is formed as a metal foam. A cell contact device 20 is connected to the current conductors 13, 13a.

FIG. 3b shows the battery cell of FIG. 3a from a different angle. FIG. 3b shows the profiling of the inserts 8, the positions of the frame recess 9 along an axis of symmetry of the frame 1 and of the separating device 10.

FIG. 3c shows a modification of the battery cell 11 of FIGS. 3a and 3b. The second frame element regions 6 are formed with an elastomer. The frame opening 9 is arranged in an edge region of the frame 1. The separating device 10 adjacent to the frame opening 9 is located in the vicinity of an axis of symmetry of the frame 1. A current conductor 13 of the electrochemical energy storage device 2 is guided through the frame recess 9. The cross sections of the second frame element regions 6 are selected such that their wall thickness decreases in the direction of an expected foreign body. Also compressible fluids are arranged in recesses of the cross sections.

FIG. 4 a shows a detail of a battery 14 according to the invention with a plurality of battery cells 11. The outer skin of the battery 14 is formed by battery pressure distribution layers 16. Separating protective layers 17 are arranged on their insides. The separation protective layers 17 have a significantly lower yield strength than the battery pressure distribution layers 16. Next, the separation protective layers 17 are formed to a degree compressible and deformable. The separation protective layers 17 are formed as aramid fabric. On the insides of the separation protective layers 17 encounter cell pressure distribution layers 12, 12a. Their yield point corresponds approximately to the yield stress of the battery pressure distribution layers 16. Shown are various embodiments of a frame 1 with different first 5 and second 6 frame element regions and inserts 8. The properties of the individual frame element regions 5, 6 are compatible with the invention. Refinements to Figures 2 and 3 described. The capillary 71 projects through the cell pressure distribution layer 12a, separation protection layer 17 and battery pressure distribution layer 16. The capillary 71 allows the fluid of the second frame element region 6a to escape, in particular by conversion of kinetic energy of a foreign body as a result of fluidic friction within the capillary 71. The second element region 6a has its own character that several individual second element regions 6 of different frames 1 are connected to form a common region.

FIG. 4b shows an enlarged detail of FIG. 4a and the effective direction of a foreign body on a cell pressure distribution layer 12. It is also shown that the capillary 71 can be closed by a controllable valve 72.

FIG. 5a shows a cell contact device 20 according to the invention. The underlying electrochemical energy storage devices 2 or battery cells 11 are shown in dashed lines. The cell contact device 20 has two collecting connections 21, 21 a. These are advantageous to cell contact devices 22,

22a molded. Pairs of cell contact devices 22 are connected to each other by a respective current-carrying device 23. In this way, a series connection of the illustrated in dashed lines electrochemical energy storage devices 2 and battery cells 1 1 is achieved. A current conductor 13 is contacted by means of the cell contact device 22a. In the present case, the cell contact device 22 is designed as a multiplex printed circuit board. The current-carrying devices 23 are formed as conductor tracks. The cell contact devices 22 are soldered onto these conductor tracks. The hunt connections 21, 21 a have through holes for screwing on a connection cable or a battery pole. Preferably, the battery terminal devices or battery poles, not shown, are formed as a bolt with predetermined breaking point and guided through the holes of the collecting ports 21, 21 a. In a further advantageous embodiment, the battery connecting devices are connected by short cables to the collecting terminals 21, 21a. When pressed, one of them will break not shown actuator 25 of this connection cable between hunt 21 and not shown battery terminal device. In a further advantageous embodiment, an actuating device 25 acts directly on a particular spring-loaded cell contact device 22 and opens it. In a further advantageous embodiment, the actuating device 25 acts directly on the entire cell contact device 20 and displaces it from its original position. At least some current conductors 13 leave the associated cell contact devices 22.

FIG. 5b shows a further embodiment of a cell contact device 20. The current-conducting devices 23 connect the cell contact devices 22 for the parallel connection of the electrochemical energy storage device 2 or battery cells 1 1 shown in dashed lines.

FIG. 5 c shows a cell contact device 20 in a perspective view. This cell contact device 20 is also designed as a printed circuit board. The cell contact device 20 has collecting connections 21, 21 a with through-holes, a plurality of cell contact devices 22, 22 a and a plurality of current-carrying devices 23, 23 a (shown in black). Also, a heat exchange device 27 is shown, here a ribbed heat sink made of aluminum, whose cross-section is folded into the plane of the drawing. The heat sink 27 is connected to the Stromführungs- devices 23, 23 a. The heat sink 27 is shown shortened for improved detection of the underlying tracks.

FIG. 6 schematically shows a battery 14 according to the invention in section. The battery has a plurality of battery cells 1 1. These are shown in side view only as blocks with a current conductor 13 extending therefrom. The current conductors 13 are electrically connected by means of cell contact devices 22 of the cell contact device 20. Further, battery terminal devices 15 are connected to the cell contact device 20. These each have a predetermined breaking point, which is designed as a circumferential notch. The battery connection 15 protrude, partially electrically isolated, by drilling a battery pressure distribution layer 16 a. This battery pressure distribution layer 16 a additionally has two battery connection regions 19. The battery connection region 19 has as a mechanical connection means a notched centering pin 191 and a through hole 192. The battery connection device 15 is also arranged in the battery connection region 19. The battery connection regions 19 act for mechanical and in particular also for electrical connection with corresponding devices of a motor vehicle. The outer skin of the battery 14 is by battery pressure distribution layers 16. These adjacent separation layers 17 are arranged. Not shown are the details of the battery cells 1 1 and of the frame. 1 The connecting pins 191 and the battery terminal devices 15 are dimensioned such that a higher shearing force is required for the failure of the predetermined breaking point of the connecting pin 191, than for the failure of the predetermined breaking point of the Batieanschlusseinrichtung 15. Advantageously, the battery 14 in the battery pressure distribution layer 16 a form - And / or non-positively held. Advantageously for clamping the battery 14 are clamping lever, which act on the battery pressure distribution layer 16a and allow a quick change of the battery 14. Due to the conical design of the connecting pins 191, the battery connecting devices 15 are also threaded into corresponding counterparts when the battery 14 is inserted into the motor vehicle. The battery 14 further includes a plurality of actuators 25. These actuators 25 are formed as pressure surfaces along selected outer surfaces of the battery 14. The actuator 25 actuate unillustrated breaker means 24 inside the battery 14th

Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a battery 14 according to the invention with battery terminals 15, battery reinforcement member 18, battery terminals 15 and battery connection areas 19. The outer skin of the battery 14 is formed by a plurality of battery pressure distribution layers 16, 16a. The battery reinforcing member 18 is formed as a protective cage. The battery boosting member 18 is disposed at a distance from the battery pressure distribution layers 16, but is connected to the battery pressure distribution layers 16 a in a plurality of battery connection portions 19. In one embodiment, not shown, the battery boosting member 18 holds the plurality of battery pressure distribution layers 16, 16a. On the surface ^{1 of} a battery pressure distribution layer 16 actuating means 25 are arranged, which are designed as pressure plates. These are connected to breakers, not shown, cell contact devices inside the battery 14. It is not shown that the actuating devices 25 are arranged in the region of corners of the battery 14, which advantageously come into contact with body parts when they are displaced.

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e

Frame (1) for an electrochemical energy storage device (2), wherein the frame (1) is provided to at least partially surround the electrochemical energy storage device (2) with a frame element (3) having a first frame element region (5) with a first yield point having,

characterized,

in that the frame has a second frame element region (6) with a second yield point, and

in that the quotient of the yield points of the second frame element region (6) and of the first frame element region (5) falls below a predetermined value.

2. Frame (1) according to the preceding claim,

characterized,

in that the first frame element region (5) is arranged adjacent to the second frame element region (6),

in that the frame (1) has a frame connection area (7) which is provided for connecting the frame to another body,

in that the frame (1) has a frame reinforcement component (8) whose yield value is higher than the second yield stress, and / or that the frame (1) has a frame recess (9), preferably with a separator (10) adjacent to the frame recess (9) is arranged.

Battery cell (11) with a frame (1) according to one of the preceding claims and with an electrochemical energy storage device (2), preferably

a cell pressure distribution layer (12) is arranged at a predetermined first distance from the frame (1), and / or

a current conductor (13, 13a) of the electrochemical energy storage device (2) is guided through the frame recess (9).

4. Battery (14) with two or more battery cells (1 1) according to the preceding claim, wherein two of the battery cells (1 1) are arranged parallel to each other, and

with a battery connection device (15), provided for electrical connection to a consumer, ¹

wherein preferably the battery terminal device (15) are arranged in the region of an outer surface of the battery.

5. Battery (14) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that

the battery has a battery pressure distribution layer (16), which is preferably arranged parallel to an outer surface of the battery at a predetermined second distance,

the battery (14) has a separating protection layer (17) which is arranged adjacent to a frame element (3),

the battery (14) has a battery reinforcement component (18) whose yield point is higher than the second yield point,

in that the battery (14) has a deformation component (4) which is intended to deform in a predetermined manner, and / or that the battery (14) has at least one battery connection region (19), intended for connection to a further body Preferably, the battery terminal device (15) in the battery connection region (19) is arranged.

A battery (14) according to any one of claims 4 to 5, characterized by a cell contact device (20) provided for electrically connecting an electrochemical energy storage device to a battery terminal device, said cell contact device (20) comprising: two collection ports (21, 21a) respectively provided for electrical connection to a battery connection device (15),

two cell contact devices (22, 22a), provided for electrical connection to a battery cell (11) or their electrochemical energy storage device (2),

a current-carrying device (23, 23a), provided for the electrical connection of a cell contact device (22) with a further cell contact device (22) and / or with a hunt group (21), wherein preferably the current-carrying device (23) is heat-conductively connected to a heat exchange device (27) which is particularly preferably flowed through by a fluid.

7. Battery (14) according to any one of claims 4 to 6 with at least

two cell contact devices (22),

a hunt group (21), and

a current-carrying device (23),

marked by

a breaker device (24), provided for electrical insulation of a cell contact device (22) and / or a hunt group (21) and / or provided for interrupting a current-carrying device (23),

an actuator (25) provided for actuating the breaker means (24), the actuator (25) being disposed adjacent to an outer surface of the battery (14).

8. Battery (14) according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that an electrochemical energy storage device (2) wenigs- least one separator which is not or only poorly electron-conducting, and which consists of an at least partially permeable carrier, wherein the carrier is preferably coated on at least one side with an inorganic material, wherein as at least partially permeable carrier preferably an organic material is used which is preferably configured as a nonwoven web, wherein the organic material preferably comprises a polymer and more preferably a polyethylene terephthalate (PET), wherein the organic material is coated with an inorganic, preferably ion-conducting material, which is more preferably in a temperature range of - 40 ° C to 200 ° C ion conducting, wherein the inorganic material preferably at least one compound selected from the group of oxides, phosphates, sulfates, titanates, silicates, aluminosilicates at least one of the elements Zr, Al, Li, especially before zirconia, and wherein the inorganic, ion-conducting material preferably has particles with a largest diameter below 100 nm.

9. motor vehicle with a battery (14) according to one of claims 4 to 8, with a motor vehicle terminal device, provided for electrical connection to a battery terminal device (15),

characterized,

at least one battery connection region (19) is connected to the motor vehicle, preferably non-positively and / or positively, in that a battery connection device (15) is arranged in the battery connection region (19), and

the battery connection device (15) is connected in an electrically conductive manner to the motor vehicle connection device.

Method for operating a battery (14) according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized by the steps: a) actuating the actuating device (25),

b) actuating the breaker device (24) by means of the actuating device (25),

c) isolating a cell contact device (22) and / or a collecting connection (21) and / or interrupting a current-carrying device (23) by means of the breaker device (24).

1 1. Method for operating a battery (14) according to one of Claims 7 to 8, characterized by the steps:

a) applying a first force to the battery (14), wherein the first force exceeds a predetermined force,

b) displacing the battery (14), wherein a battery terminal device (15) fails.

12. A method of operating a battery (14) according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein a cell pressure distribution layer (12) and a battery pressure distribution layer (16) by a separation protection layer (17) are spaced, wherein the cell pressure distribution layer (12 ) and the battery pressure distribution layer (16) are at least partially electrically conductive and the separation protective layer (17) is partially electrically insulating, and wherein the cell pressure distribution layer (12) and a battery pressure distribution layer (16) have different electrical potentials, characterized in

that the electrical voltage between the two pressure distribution layers (12, 16) is measured and stored at predetermined times, and

that the electrical voltages of different points in time are compared.