EP2520898A2 - Projectile, in particular explosive projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

The projectile (10) has a fragmentable projectile casing (1) that is provided with hydraulic system (2). The piston (3) of the hydraulic system is provided with piston head (4) and a thrust bearing (5). The thrust bearing is arranged between a projectile tip (9) and a projectile end so that the fluid (6) such as water, gel, glass is received within hydraulic system. The diameter of the piston is smaller than the diameter of the piston head. The diameter of thrust bearing is smaller than diameter of the piston.

Description

The invention is concerned with a hydrodynamic (explosive) projectile, in particular with a concrete-refractive ammunition or a penetration projectile with a high secondary effect with regard to the avoidance of collateral damage due to blast action and dispensing with detonators. As a result, optimal pre-tube safety is achieved in addition. To increase the effect in the target, a hydraulic system is integrated.

A well-known explosive round shows the DE 10 2005 050 973 A1 on. Another is the one DE 10 2007 001 998 A1 removable. With the DE 10 2008 010 707 A1 In addition, an explosive projectile and a method for its production is disclosed. All are based on explosives. However, explosive-based ammunition has the disadvantage that it develops a high blast effect and, associated with this, the generation of collateral damage. In connection with detonators also arise the problem of Vorrohr- and Überflugsicherheit and the long-term danger in ignition and hit failure (dud). The purely KE-based ammunition have the disadvantage of a high launch weight and a limited effect.

Here, the invention has the object to show a projectile, especially an explosive projectile, which avoids collateral damage by blast effect, etc.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are listed in the subclaims.

The invention is based on the idea of integrating a hydrodynamic system instead of an explosive charge into the projectile.

Hydraulic applications in projectiles have been known in the literature for many years. That's how it deals GB 572,732 with the integration of a hydraulic medium in a projectile. By lowering a piston, this liquid is constricted and pressed against the armor piercing means, which is thereby pressed against a projection. A projectile with a hydraulic cylinder describes the US 6,675,718 B1 , This is located in the head part of the projectile.

Now, however, a new mode of action is proposed which, inter alia, substantially increases the secondary effect of a penetrator or projectile by using a pressure increase of the impact pressure as a result of a hydraulic transmission ratio caliber surface / liquid column surface. This principle is used only during the penetration process to enhance the broad effect in the target. Alternatively, the possibility of use but also in a pure explosive projectile without penetrator.

For this purpose, a working floor is combined with a hydraulic system. Upon impact with a fixed target, the impact force of the primary missile is transmitted to an internal tappet piston which is placed in an abutment of the projectile which is fitted with a hydraulic fluid, e.g. Water is filled, driven. The liquid envelope or the anvil is designed so that it tears at a defined pressure increase and fragmented. These radially accelerated fragment chips then produce the intended secondary effect during the primary penetration process. This effect can be further enhanced if the space between the bullet casing and liquid column casing is additionally filled with chips. Furthermore, this liquid energy outbreak can be used as a drive principle for sub-projectiles. The hydraulic effect can also be used as a brake spring post-acceleration for penetration. For this, the compressibility of liquids present in the considered pressure range is utilized. It is also possible a suitably designed spring or the mechanical use of the wedge effect for disassembly of the shell.

The advantages of this concept are that in addition to the normal effect of a bullet type (design of the bullet tip eg as FAP or PELE type) an all-round secondary effect is achieved. The overall effect is stronger than with an explosive projectile, but without HE and without detonator. The principle is independent of caliber, reinforced in the larger caliber range> 40 mm, and for all working bullets at MK, PzK, PzH but also GMW, Mortar, Pz-fist, rockets and bombs applicable. The basic principle enables a simple, application and functionally reliable as well as inexpensive ammunition design.

The use of such a type of bullet is particularly useful for semi-hard and bulkhead targets as well as for breaking concrete walls.

The design of a projectile based on this principle of hydraulic pulse amplification can be very flexible. Thus, the hydraulic fluid can be designed according to a desired compressibility. In addition to a HE bullet head liquid propellants / explosives (with less blast effect than explosives) or corresponding gels can be used.

Overall, this principle of hydrodynamic action can be interpreted as a projectile based purely on kinetic energy, which acts like an explosive-based bullet without having the negative properties of the explosive and does not require any electric / electronic igniters. Accordingly, it can be designed easily, functional and safe to use as well as cost-efficient. The ammunition design is possible both as a full-scale and as a sub-caliber projectile on a KE basis as a HDKE projectile or as an enhancement of an HE effect as a HDHE projectile.

The concept presented here provides that the piston (plunger) and in particular the piston head is structurally firmly connected to the projectile wall and thus forms a closed system, so that the hydraulic system during inception and flight is inactive and is activated only on impact. In particular, no volume change of the liquid occurs during the firing process.

Proposed is a balancing projectile or the like, in particular explosive projectile with a fragmentable projectile casing, comprising a hydraulic system consisting of a piston with a piston head and an abutment. The anvil is designed so that it receives a hydraulic fluid and between a projectile tip and a bullet end, in an explosive projectile at least in the region of the bursting bullet casing, is involved.

Fig. 1

ein Geschoss mit einem Hydrauliksystem,

Fig. 2

das Kompressionsverhalten von verschiedenen Flüssigkeiten und flüssigen Treib-/Sprengstoffen unter Druckbeaufschlagung.

Reference to an embodiment with drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail. It shows:

Fig. 1

a projectile with a hydraulic system,

Fig. 2

the compression behavior of different liquids and liquid explosives under pressure.

A conventional working projectile 10 with a projectile casing 1, as e.g. AP, FAP or ABM (also unprogrammed) is combined with a hydraulic system 2. The hydraulic system 2 consists of a plunger or piston 3 with a piston head 4 and an abutment 5, which receives a hydraulic fluid 6. The hydraulic system 2, in particular the anvil 5, is integrated at least in the area 1.1 of the fragmentable projectile casing 1. A projectile 8 used here is designed so that a reaction force against the projectile internal piston head 4 is exerted on the impact of the primary missile 8 on a (fixed) target (not shown in detail). Alternatively, a projectile can be omitted if it is a pure explosive projectile. The piston head 3 is then driven directly into the projectile tip 9 by the force acting on it. The abutment 5 of the projectile 1 filled with a hydraulic fluid (such as water) 6 is driven, the abutment 5 rupturing and the projectile casing 1 in the area 1.1 tears.

The effect can be increased if a splitter material 7 is provided between the projectile casing 1 and the abutment 5. This is then accelerated with the tearing of the anvil 5.

To realize a good function of the projectile 1 in the target, it is provided that the diameter of the piston 3 (i.e., its internal diameter) is correspondingly smaller than the diameter of the piston head 4. As a result of the hydraulic transmission ratio, a pressure increase in the liquid column is effected.

ergibt sich mittels des hydraulischen Übersetzungsverhältnisses in der Flüssigkeitssäule eine Drucküberhöhung: $${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{f}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{k}}\mathrm{*}{\left({\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{k}}\mathrm{/}{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{f}}\right)}^{\mathrm{2}}$$

The counter bearing (liquid column) 5 is designed so that it is smaller in diameter from the diameter D _f than that of the piston D _k . In consequence of the power transmission: $${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{k}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{k}}\mathrm{*}{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{k}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{f}}\mathrm{*}{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{f}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{f}}$$

results in a pressure increase by means of the hydraulic transmission ratio in the liquid column: $${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{f}}\mathrm{=}{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{k}}\mathrm{*}{\left({\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{k}}\mathrm{/}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="D\; f"\; filenames="imgf0001.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">D\; </figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{f}}\right)}^{\mathrm{2}}$$

If, for example, the piston diameter D _k = 40 mm and the liquid column diameter (counterbearing 5) D _f = 10 mm, the pressure is increased by a factor of 16. If the impact pressure is, for example, P _k = 500 bar, the pressure in the fluid increases to P _f = 8,000 bar.

The Fig. 2 shows the compression behavior of various liquids and liquid explosives under pressurization. With a pressure increase to eg 8 kbar, water is reduced to 81% and methanol to 76% of the initial volume. The behavior can be described by means of the known Tait equation of state for liquid.

In this context, "liquid" can be considered any compressible and / or decomposable material, that is to say a liquid, such as e.g. Water, a gel, glass or plastic.

In addition to this described hydrodynamic explosive action, the hydraulic effect can be exploited by means of the physical property of the compressibility of liquids which is effective in the considered pressure range, as quasi brake spring post-acceleration of the projectile head. Furthermore, this liquid energy outbreak can be used as a drive principle for sub-projectiles.

Claims (7)

Projectile, in particular explosive projectile (10) with a fragmentable projectile casing (1), characterized by a hydraulic system (2) consisting of a piston (3) with a piston head (4) and an abutment (5) containing a hydraulic fluid (6 ) and between a bullet tip (9) and a bullet end, is involved. Projectile according to Claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic system (2) is integrated at least in the area (1.1) of the fragmentable projectile casing (1). Projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the diameter of the piston (3) is smaller than the diameter of the piston head (4). Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the abutment (5) is smaller in diameter from that of the piston (3). Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the liquid (6) can be any compressible and / or decomposable material, such as water, a gel, glass or plastic. Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the projectile nose (9) a projectile (8) is integrated. Projectile according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a space between the projectile casing (1) and abutment (5) is additionally filled with splinters (7).

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