EP2516973A2 - Procédé de détermination et de surveillance du niveau de remplissage d'un contenant, renfermant un fluide, selon un procédé de mesure du temps de propagation - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination et de surveillance du niveau de remplissage d'un contenant, renfermant un fluide, selon un procédé de mesure du temps de propagation

Info

Publication number
EP2516973A2
EP2516973A2 EP10776682A EP10776682A EP2516973A2 EP 2516973 A2 EP2516973 A2 EP 2516973A2 EP 10776682 A EP10776682 A EP 10776682A EP 10776682 A EP10776682 A EP 10776682A EP 2516973 A2 EP2516973 A2 EP 2516973A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signals
echo
comparison
response
determined
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP10776682A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter KLÖFER
Winfried Mayer
Dietmar Spanke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG filed Critical Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Publication of EP2516973A2 publication Critical patent/EP2516973A2/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/80—Arrangements for signal processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
    • G01F23/2962—Measuring transit time of reflected waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
    • G06N3/02—Neural networks
    • G06N3/08—Learning methods

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining and monitoring the level of a medium in a container according to a transit time measuring method according to claim 1.
  • Level gauges under the names Prosonic, Levelflex and Micropilot, which operate according to the transit time measurement method and serve to determine and / or monitor a level of a medium in a container.
  • These level gauges transmit a periodic transmission signal in the microwave or ultrasound range by means of a transmitting / receiving element in the direction of the surface of a medium and receive the reflected echo signals after a distance-dependent transit time.
  • Commercially available fill level gauges working with microwaves can basically be divided into two classes. A first class, in which the microwaves are sent by means of an antenna in the direction of the medium, reflected on the product surface and then after a
  • an echo function representing the echo amplitudes as a function of the transit time is formed from the received echo signals, each value of this echo function corresponding to the amplitude of an echo reflected by the transmitting element at a specific distance.
  • a useful echo is determined which corresponds to the reflection of the transmission signal at the product surface. From the duration of the useful echo results in a known propagation speed of the transmission signals directly the distance between the
  • the received raw signal of the pulse sequences are not used, but the envelope, the so-called envelope, is determined.
  • the envelope is obtained, for example, by the raw signal of the pulse trains
  • Test signal received analog response signal (intermediate frequency signal) is depending on the sensor principle in filtered analog or after previous A / D conversion in digital stages, possibly transformed from time to frequency domain, rectified and logarithmized. The result of this
  • Processing chain is the so-called envelope, in soft then by means of various
  • Algorithms for the level echo is sought.
  • the algorithm is selected according to more or less complex rules; in the simplest case, the algorithm only looks for the global maximum of the envelope.
  • the information content of the response signal before the step of the level echo search is greatly reduced and essentially limited to the amplitude information.
  • the useful echo which has a greater amplitude than the remaining echoes, is selected by a static echo search algorithm.
  • the echo in the envelope with the largest amplitude is determined as the true echo.
  • the wanted echo is the first incoming echo in the envelope after the transmit pulse.
  • the first echo in the envelope is selected as the true echo.
  • the first echo factor is a given factor by which an echo must exceed a certain amplitude in order to be recognized as useful echo.
  • a delay-dependent echo threshold may be defined which must exceed an echo in order to be recognized as a true echo.
  • the level measuring device is notified once the current level.
  • the level gauge can identify the associated echo as a true echo based on the predetermined level and, for. through a suitable dynamic
  • Track echo search algorithm Such methods are called echo tracking.
  • maxima of the echo signal or the echo function are determined, for example, in each measuring cycle and, on the basis of the knowledge of the fill level determined in the preceding measuring cycle and an application-specific maximum rate of change of the filling level Useful echo determined. From a running time of the current useful echo thus determined, the new fill level results.
  • a fourth method is described in DE 102 60 962 A1.
  • the useful echo is determined based on previously stored in a memory data.
  • echo functions are derived from received echo signals which reproduce the amplitudes of the echo signals as a function of their transit time.
  • the echo functions are stored in a table, each column serving to record one echo function each.
  • the echo functions are stored in the columns in an order that correspond to fill levels associated with the respective echo functions.
  • the useful echo and the associated fill level are determined by the echo function of the current one
  • Echo function is determined, at least one echo property of the echo function is determined, and based on the echo properties of at least one previous measurement, a prediction for the expected echo properties in the current measurement is derived.
  • the echo properties of the current measurement are determined using the prediction, and the actual fill level is determined on the basis of the echo properties. This method comes close to echo tracking in the broadest sense.
  • the fill level can be determined with millimeter precision.
  • DE4308373C2 describes a method which extracts the echoes and their echo features from the envelope.
  • the echo features are the form factor, position and time and amplitude of the echo.
  • the form factor feature is determined as the ratio between a 6dB leading width and 6dB total width of the respective echoes. For example, for a symmetric s echo, this value is 1/2.
  • fuzzy logic the probability for each echo is calculated to be a false echo, multiple echo, or true echo. The one with the highest useful echo probability is selected as the useful echo.
  • a method for processing ultrasonic echo signals is also known in which the received signal is digitally sampled and stored in a memory, the received signal being the envelope of the echoes. After the recording of the received signal by the signal processing, the echoes by means of a suitable method, for. B.
  • Optimal filter and a threshold detection extracted and detected all occurring within a measurement echoes.
  • disturbing object echoes can be suppressed by first detecting all disturbing object echoes and storing them in a memory in a teaching phase in which the measuring object is not in the detection range of the sensor. During measurement operation, the currently detected echoes are compared with the learned echoes. If there is a sufficient match, the echo is classified as a noise echo and accordingly suppressed, while the remaining echoes are assigned to DUTs.
  • the documents DE 33 37 690 and EP 0 459 336 also describe methods which hide false echoes caused by multiple reflections between the sensor and an object in that the maximum runtime to be evaluated is limited so that echoes occurring outside this runtime are ignored.
  • the echo amplitude can additionally be evaluated as a criterion for the multi-echo cancellation.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a reliable and fast method for
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a measuring device for determining the level with a
  • Fig. 2 shows an inventive embodiment of a measuring device for determining the
  • Fig. 4 shows a method according to the invention, for the differentiation of false echoes
  • FIG. 1 shows a measuring device 1 operating according to the transit time measuring method for determining the fill level F of a medium 7.
  • the measuring device 1 is mounted on a container 5 on a nozzle.
  • the measuring device 1 shown is a transmitting / receiving element 6 radiating freely into the process space with a measuring transducer 9.
  • the measuring transducer 9 has at least one transmitting / receiving unit 3, which carries out the generation and the reception of the measuring signals, a control / Evaluation unit 2, which enables the signal processing of the measurement signals and for controlling the measuring device 1, and also a communication unit 4, which controls and regulates the communication via a bus system and the power supply of the measuring device 1 on.
  • a memory element is integrated, in which the measurement parameters and echo parameters are stored and are stored in the measurement factors and echo factors.
  • the transmitting / receiving element 6 is embodied in this embodiment, for example, as a horn antenna, but can be configured as a transmitting / receiving element 6 any known antenna form, such as rod or planar antenna.
  • a measuring signal is generated for example in the form of a high-frequency transmission signal S and emitted via the transmitting / receiving element 6 in a predetermined emission characteristic in the direction of medium 7.
  • the transmission signals S reflected at the boundary surface 8 of the medium 7 are received again as a reflection signal R by the transmission / reception element 6 and the transmission / reception unit 3.
  • the downstream control / evaluation unit 2 determines from the reflection signals R an echo function 10 which determines the amplitudes of the echo signals of these reflection signals R as a function of the
  • An envelope 11 depicting the measurement situation in the container 5 is shown as being proportional to the travel distance x of the transmission signal S.
  • reference lines are assigned to the corresponding echo signals in the envelope 1 1, so that the cause-and-effect principle can be detected at a glance.
  • Formation can arise in the transmitting / receiving element 6 or the neck. Furthermore, in the initial region of the envelope 1 1, an echo signal 14 is shown, which is caused by the false echo K of the inflow or filling flow of the medium 7. There are also false echoes K caused by the formation of voids in solid applications, but the cavities are not explicitly shown in this figure.
  • a pulse radar level indicators 1 is shown, which shows the distance by direct
  • Pulse radar level gauges 1 operate in the time domain and therefore do not require fast Fourier analysis, which is characteristic of single frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar.
  • the transit time t of the microwave pulses is in the nanosecond range for a distance of a few meters. For this reason, as already mentioned, a special time-transformation method is needed to accurately measure the very short difference times between two pulses. It requires a slow motion recording of the microwave pulses with a stretched time axis.
  • the pulse radar level gauge 1 uses a uniform periodic transmission signal S having a high pulse repetition frequency. By a sequential sampling method for time stretching the time axis of the received signals or response signal A, the extremely fast and uniform signals into a usable, stretched time signal, the so-called
  • This periodic response signal A consists of the actual transmission signal S, at least one useful echo R and at least one false echo or multiple echo K.
  • the intermediate frequency signal ZF hereby resembles an ultrasonic signal.
  • the microwave pulse of, for example, 6.3 GHz, is transformed by means of the sequential sampling / sampling method into an intermediate frequency ZF of, for example, 76 kHz, and the pulse repetition frequency of, for example, 3.5 MHz is thus reduced to a frequency of 40 Hz.
  • the echoes of a pulse radar are individually separated and separated in time. This means that the pulse radar is better suited for handling multiple echoes and false echoes, which often occur in process and bulk containers.
  • the achievable accuracy of a pulse radar level gauge 1 depends on the application, on the antenna design, on the qualities of the HF electronics or evaluation electronics and on the one used
  • the inventive approach to determine the level F is shown in FIG.
  • the solution proposed by the invention makes use of the approach of an envelope-free evaluation, by directly using the intermediate frequency signal IF to search for the useful echo R.
  • Level F has the advantages that the measurement signal information not only, as with the
  • the model parameter MP can be expressed in a quasi-static environment as a linear time-invariant system.
  • model parameter MP is dependent on all reflections of the test signal T or transmission signal in the container 5, which are located in the field of view of the sensor 6.
  • the response signals A differ in size and shape.
  • the level surface z In contrast, approach at the edge, an impeller or general internals as punctiform or arcuate reflectors form as a noise signal K in the ideal case.
  • a nozzle edge 18 represented an annular reflector.
  • False echo signals or false echoes K of a noise element 12, 13,14,15,16, 18 acts. This principle of differentiation is intended to be proposed here for the selection and identification of the wanted echo R of the filling level F.
  • the method for determining the wanted echo signal R is shown in FIG. 4 and becomes
  • the comparison signals V are expected response signals R to the selected test signal S for a useful echo R generated by level surfaces.
  • the associated fill level F is determined and output as the measured value.
  • test signals S can arbitrary amplitude and angle modulated baseband or
  • ramp-shaped frequency-modulated signals so-called chips, baseband pulses or pulse-shaped modulated, monofrequency high-frequency signals are used.
  • V can be achieved by automated parametric analyzes z. B. by EM simulations or by systematic test measurements and possibly their interpolation can be obtained. You can z. B. stored in a large database with the associated test signals and cataloged by applications.
  • the learning possibility is not limited to the learning phase E but can lead to new insights from test measurements and simulations by means of a continuous, systematic extension and improvement of the database content.
  • the match probability W indicates with what probability that
  • Response signal A comes as a pulse packet in the intermediate frequency range ZF from a flat reflector or the surface 8 of the medium 7.
  • the comparison algorithm has calculated the probability values of 97% for the pulse packet of the wanted echo R in the above image and 6% for the pulse packet of the false echo K of the stirring blade 15 in the lower image.
  • a direct comparison of the response signal A of a measurement with a series of comparison signals V can be very complicated and inefficient, depending on the sensor design 6. Long response signals A with many samples would require a lot of storage space for comparison signals V and response signal A as well as computation-intensive comparison algorithms.
  • VMP comparison model parameters
  • the modeling corresponds to an estimate of the answer operator.
  • the modeling methods are used or can be derived accordingly from:
  • the parametric methods define a specific form of the distribution function of the
  • the subspace algorithm MUSIC Multiple Signal Classification
  • the MUSIC algorithm makes no special demands on the shape of the spatial impulse response of the group. In special cases, e.g. a linear antenna array, can be dispensed with the calculation of the full spectrum.
  • Noise values are all the same, while the eigenvalues of the reflection signal are larger. This fact can be used to estimate the number of received reflection signals.
  • the subspace methods require less computing power, which is particularly favorable for use in process automation, whose field device 1 is operated on the basis of the required intrinsic safety with low consumption power and which therefore has little energy available.
  • the echo separation capability also makes it possible to achieve greater robustness to disturbances, for example, through container installations 12, material deposits 13 and / or agitators 14 in the container 5, since the reflections of the false echoes K of the Nutzechos R originating reflections can be separated.
  • the causal relationships between the input signal or test signal and the corresponding, determined response signals A or output variables are stored in the form of at least one transfer function or model parameter.
  • the method according to the invention also has the advantages that the basic knowledge about the measuring procedure remains in the company and is not disclosed, since the comparison signals supplied in the teaching-in phase always represent only a small part of the database content. Furthermore, updates and thus measures to increase the performance of devices already in operation 1 by exchanging or supplementing the locally stored comparison signals V and modeling methods or their model parameters MP feasible.
  • the inventive method is not only alone, as explicitly shown in Fig. 1 and 2, implemented in free-radiating microwave measuring devices 1, but an application of the method according to the invention can be carried out in other transit time measurement systems, such as TDR measuring devices or ultrasonic measuring devices.
  • TDR measuring devices or ultrasonic measuring devices.
  • ultrasonic measuring devices can be dispensed with the generation of the intermediate frequency signal, since the frequencies of the
  • Ultrasonic signal is located in a frequency working range of the electronics of the signal processing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détermination et de surveillance du niveau de remplissage d'un contenant, renfermant un fluide, à l'aide d'un appareil de terrain et selon un procédé de mesure du temps de propagation. Dans une phase d'apprentissage, sont déterminés des signaux d'essai correspondants, liés à l'application et à l'appareil, et des signaux de réponse à escompter depuis la surface du niveau de remplissage et, à partir de là, on détermine des signaux de comparaison liés à l'application et à l'appareil. Dans une phase de fonctionnement, des signaux d'essai sont émis en direction du milieu et des signaux de réponse liés à l'application et à l'appareil sont reçus, puis, à l'aide d'un algorithme de comparaison, les signaux de comparaison sont comparés aux signaux de réponse, et une valeur de probabilité de coïncidence (w) est déterminée; en cas de dépassement de la valeur de probabilité de coïncidence déterminée, le niveau de remplissage est déterminé par une valeur limite prédéterminée et est émise en tant que valeur de mesure, et/ou, en cas de dépassement en deçà de la valeur limite prédéterminée, un nouveau signal d'essai est émis aux fins d'une nouvelle détermination d'un signal de réponse lié à l'application et à l'appareil.
EP10776682A 2009-12-23 2010-11-11 Procédé de détermination et de surveillance du niveau de remplissage d'un contenant, renfermant un fluide, selon un procédé de mesure du temps de propagation Ceased EP2516973A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009055262A DE102009055262A1 (de) 2009-12-23 2009-12-23 Verfahren zur Ermittlung und Überwachung des Füllstands eines Mediums in einem Behälter nach einem Laufzeitmessverfahren
PCT/EP2010/067254 WO2011076478A2 (fr) 2009-12-23 2010-11-11 Procédé de détermination et de surveillance du niveau de remplissage d'un contenant, renfermant un fluide, selon un procédé de mesure du temps de propagation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2516973A2 true EP2516973A2 (fr) 2012-10-31

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EP10776682A Ceased EP2516973A2 (fr) 2009-12-23 2010-11-11 Procédé de détermination et de surveillance du niveau de remplissage d'un contenant, renfermant un fluide, selon un procédé de mesure du temps de propagation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20120265486A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2516973A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102812337B (fr)
DE (1) DE102009055262A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011076478A2 (fr)

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CN102812337A (zh) 2012-12-05
US20120265486A1 (en) 2012-10-18
DE102009055262A1 (de) 2011-06-30
WO2011076478A3 (fr) 2011-10-06
WO2011076478A2 (fr) 2011-06-30

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