EP2514156A1 - Diversité de fréquence et rotation de phase - Google Patents

Diversité de fréquence et rotation de phase

Info

Publication number
EP2514156A1
EP2514156A1 EP10842471A EP10842471A EP2514156A1 EP 2514156 A1 EP2514156 A1 EP 2514156A1 EP 10842471 A EP10842471 A EP 10842471A EP 10842471 A EP10842471 A EP 10842471A EP 2514156 A1 EP2514156 A1 EP 2514156A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sub
carriers
data symbols
data
carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10842471A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2514156A4 (fr
Inventor
Timothy M. Schmidl
Anuj Batra
Srinath Hosur
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Texas Instruments Inc
Original Assignee
Texas Instruments Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/873,114 external-priority patent/US8446934B2/en
Application filed by Texas Instruments Inc filed Critical Texas Instruments Inc
Publication of EP2514156A1 publication Critical patent/EP2514156A1/fr
Publication of EP2514156A4 publication Critical patent/EP2514156A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path allocation of payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
    • H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0071—Use of interleaving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2614—Peak power aspects
    • H04L27/2621—Reduction thereof using phase offsets between subcarriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver

Definitions

  • This relates to wireless communication networks and the like; and, in particular, to systems, methods and apparatus for applying frequency diversity and phase rotation to
  • Wireless personal area networks are used to convey information over relatively short distances. Unlike wireless local area networks (“WLANs”), connections effected via WPANs involve little or no infrastructure, and WPANS allow small, power-efficient, and inexpensive solutions to be implemented for a wide range of devices.
  • Smart Utility Networks may operate either over short ranges such as in a mesh network where meter information is sent from one meter to another or over longer ranges such as in a star topology where meter information is sent to a poletop collection point.
  • the terms WPAN and SUN are used
  • a device includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor.
  • the processor applies frequency diversity in smart-utility-network communication by encoding one or more first data symbols in one or more first sub-carriers as one or more second data symbols in one or more second sub-carriers.
  • a machine-readable storage medium includes executable instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to apply frequency diversity in smart-utility-network communication by encoding one or more first data symbols in one or more first sub-carriers as one or more second data symbols in one or more second sub- carriers.
  • a method includes applying frequency diversity in a smart-utility-network communication by encoding one or more first data symbols in one or more first sub-carriers as one or more second data symbols in one or more second sub-carriers.
  • FIGS. 1A-1B illustrates a frequency diversity of 2 in accordance with at least some illustrated embodiments
  • FIGS. 2A-2B illustrates a frequency diversity of 4 in accordance with at least some illustrated embodiments
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a dual carrier modulation transmitter in accordance with at least some illustrated embodiments
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a method of frequency diversity in accordance with at least some illustrated embodiments.
  • a WPAN or low-rate WPAN is a simple, low- cost communication network that allows wireless connectivity in applications with limited power and relaxed throughput requirements.
  • the main objectives of a WPAN are ease of installation, reliable data transfer, short-range operation, extremely low cost, reasonable battery life, and a simple but flexible protocol.
  • Some characteristics of a WPAN are: over-the-air data rates of 250 kb/s, lOOkb/s,
  • each WPAN may deviate from the characteristics in numerous ways.
  • Two different device types can participate in a WPAN: a full-function device ("FFD”) and a reduced- function device (“RFD").
  • FFD full-function device
  • RFD reduced- function device
  • the FFD can operate in three modes serving as a personal area network ("PAN") coordinator, a coordinator, or a device.
  • PAN personal area network
  • a FFD can talk to RFDs or other FFDs while a RFD can talk only to a FFD. More information can be found at IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2006 available at http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html and hereby incorporated by reference.
  • a utility network or smart utility network (“SUN”) is a low-rate (e.g., 40 kbps to 1
  • Mbps low-power low-power WPAN
  • WPAN low-power low-power WPAN
  • meters are installed for each house in a residential neighborhood, and the usage data is sent periodically such as every 15 minutes from each meter to a data collection point, which is an element of the WPAN.
  • the data collection point is connected by fiber, copper wire, or wireless connection to a central office that collects all the usage data for a region. Usage data is sent either directly from each meter to the collection point or from meter to meter until the collection point is reached in a star or network formation, respectively.
  • time diversity or frequency diversity can be implemented.
  • the same data symbol such as BPSK or QPSK, or function of the data symbol, can be repeated at various times or over various frequencies.
  • the Doppler rate is usually low so that the benefits of frequency diversity are usually more significant than for time diversity.
  • OFDM symbol refers to the set of orthogonal sub-carriers that are usually transformed into the time domain with an IFFT
  • data symbol refers to the modulation on each sub- carrier such as BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, or m-QAM in general.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates frequency-domain spreading plus conjugate symmetry.
  • the x-axis in FIG. 1A represents the sub-carriers to which orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ("OFDM") data symbols are encoded.
  • the long vertical line in the center marks the DC sub-carrier, which is not used in at least one embodiment.
  • Each solid vertical line represents one data sub-carrier in this example.
  • the two dashed vertical lines represent pilot sub-carriers.
  • To the left of the DC sub- carrier the data sub-carriers are indexed from left to right as -7,-6,-5 and -3,-2,-1.
  • the pilot sub- carrier is indexed as -4.
  • the data sub-carriers are indexed from left to right as 1, 2, 3 and 5, 6, 7.
  • the pilot sub-carrier is indexed as 4.
  • the complex conjugate of a data symbol at sub-carrier -7 is encoded to sub-carrier 7.
  • the complex conjugates of data symbols at sub-carriers -6, -5, -3, -2, and -1 are encoded to sub-carriers 6, 5, 3, 2, and 1, respectively.
  • the pilot sub-carriers are used and behave like data sub-carriers. As such, a real signal can be generated at the transmitter by using a single digital-to-analog converter ("DAC"). Encoding occurs from positive- indexed sub- carriers to negative-indexed sub-carriers in at least one embodiment.
  • the sub-carrier 4 in this example is represented by a dashed line to indicate a pilot sub-carrier that carries pilot data, which is known at the receiver.
  • the data symbol in sub-carrier 1 is copied to sub-carrier -7.
  • a phase rotation is applied to sub-carrier -7 to allow for a lower peak- to-average power ratio ("PAR") at the output of the IFFT.
  • sub-carriers 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 are encoded, or mapped, to sub-carriers -6, -5, -3, -2, and -1, respectively. As such all the sub-carriers benefit from frequency diversity.
  • any number of sub-carriers is mapped to any other number of sub-carriers on either side of the DC sub-carrier.
  • the pilot sub-carriers should be such that the entire OFDM data symbol is conjugate symmetric and produces a real output in at least one embodiment.
  • FIGS. 2A-2B illustrate a method of implementing a frequency diversity of 4.
  • the data symbols at sub-carriers -7, -6, and -5 are encoded to -3, -2, and -1, respectively.
  • a frequency diversity of 1/4 of the number of sub-carriers used is ensured.
  • the complex conjugates of the data symbols of the negative sub-carriers are encoded to the positive sub-carriers, similar to FIG. 1.
  • phase rotation is implemented.
  • the data symbol in sub-carrier 1 is encoded to sub-carriers -7, -3, and 5 for frequency diversity.
  • Phase rotations are applied to sub- carriers -7, -3, and 5 for a low PARs at the output of the IFFT.
  • sub-carrier 2 is mapped to sub-carriers -6, -2, and 6; and sub-carrier 3 is mapped to sub-carriers -5, -1, and 7.
  • each sub-carrier has a frequency diversity of 4.
  • the phase rotations vary from sub-carrier to sub-carrier to produce a low PAR, and each phase rotation is based on the index of the corresponding sub-carrier.
  • Table 1 illustrates a set of modulation and coding schemes ("MCS") that may be used for a SUN system.
  • MCS modulation and coding schemes
  • the number of data sub-carriers per OFDM symbol is divisible by 4 in at least one embodiment. As such, it is straightforward to provide frequency diversity by a factor of 4. In various embodiments, frequency diversity by factors other than 4 is implemented.
  • NCBPS number of coded bits per OFDM symbol
  • NDBPS number of data bits per OFDM symbol
  • time diversity is repetition, e.g., sending the same OFDM symbol at two different times.
  • Other ways to implement time diversity is via a cyclic shift of the sub-carriers or via applying different interleaving on the repeated OFDM symbols.
  • the MCS levels for Table 1 have the following characteristics:
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a dual carrier modulation transmitter (“DCM”) 300, and the DCM
  • the interleaver module 302 arranges the bits of the two data symbols together according to various algorithms in various embodiments. The bits are separated in half via separator modules 304 and 306, and each half enters a serial to parallel converter 308, 310. Next, the two halves are jointly encoded by the unitary transform module 312, and the output is separated onto two sub-carriers via the inverse fast Fourier transform module 314. If one of the two sub-carriers is experiencing noise, interference, or frequency- selective fading, the both data symbols may be recovered using the other sub-carrier.
  • a joint maximum a posteriori ("MAP") decoder (or a lower-complexity MAP decoder that exploits max-star or max-log approximations) can be used at the receiver (not shown).
  • frequency or time diversity is used for lower data rates and DCM is used for intermediate data rates that use QPSK.
  • the unitary matrix for this case is given by:
  • Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a modulation technique that can be used for the physical layer of the SUN.
  • Table 2 illustrates some OFDM options.
  • Option 1 may be generated using a 128 point inverse fast Fourier transform ("IFFT")
  • Option 2 may be generated using a 64 point IFFT
  • Options 3, 4, and 5 may be generated using 32, 16, and 8 point IFFTs, respectively.
  • IFFTs For oversampling, various sizes of IFFTs, such as 256 point, may be used in various embodiments.
  • complex signals are used for all MCS levels. For example, using option 1 for real signals (using binary phase shift keying ("BPSK") with a spreading factor of 2) results in a PAR of 9.1 dB and production of real signals for generic data, whereas using option 1 for complex signals results in a PAR of 7.2 dB and production of complex signals for generic data.
  • BPSK binary phase shift keying
  • data symbols are encoded on 24 data sub-carriers, and each data sub-carrier is copied to 3 other sub-carriers.
  • the 3 copies are phase-rotated so that the PAR does not increase at the output of the IFFT.
  • the extra phase from sub-carrier to sub-carrier is 90 degrees.
  • the extra phase is 180 degrees.
  • the extra phase is 270 degrees.
  • the sub-carriers are indexed from -52 to 52 including both data sub-carriers and the pilot sub-carriers. For example, these can be denoted d_ 52 to d 52 .
  • Sub-carrier 1 is encoded to sub-carriers 27, -52, and -26 (with phase rotations of 90, 180, and 270 degrees, respectively) so that maximum frequency spacing is maintained between copies.
  • the data of d 27 to d 52 are rotated by [1, j, -1, -j, 1, j, -1, -j, ...], the data of d_ 52 to d_ 27 are rotated by [j, -j, j, -j, j, -j, j, -j, ...], and the data of d_ 26 to d_i are rotated by [-1, j, 1, -j, -1, j, 1, -j, ...].
  • di is encoded to d 27 after being scaled by 1
  • d 2 is encoded to d 2 g after being scaled by j
  • d 3 is encoded to d 3 ⁇ 4 after being scaled by -1
  • d 4 is encoded to d 3 o after being scaled by -j
  • d 5 is encoded to d 3 i after being scaled by 1, etc.
  • the vector (d l5 d 2 , d 3 , d 26 ) is encoded to (d 27 , d 28 , d 29 , d 52 ), and then a linear phase is applied to obtain (l*d 27 , j*d 2 g, -l*d 2 9, j*d 52 ).
  • the same phase rotations can be used for all 5 options.
  • Table 3 illustrates various PARs for the various options using generic data.
  • Matlab sub-carrier numbering is 0, 1, 2, 3, (N/2)-l followed by -(N/2), -3, -2, -1.
  • the % symbol denotes an explanatory comment.
  • ltfrl(77: 128) expG*2*pi*(l:2: 103)/4).*(ltfrl(2:53)); % copied data sub-carriers with phase rotations
  • ltfrl(28:53) exp(j*2*pi*(0:25)/4).*(ltfrl(2:27)); % copied data sub-carriers with phase rotations
  • ltfrl(77: 102) exp(j*2*pi*(l:2:51)/4).*(ltfrl(2:27)); % copied data sub-carriers with phase rotations
  • ltfrl(103: 128) exp(j*2*pi*(2:3:77)/4).*(ltfrl(2:27)); % copied data sub-carriers with phase rotations
  • the phase rotation can be generated by a different algorithm.
  • the phase rotation could be derived from the indexes of the first group of sub-carriers, the indexes of the second group of sub-carriers, or both.
  • the mappings vary with the index number of each sub-carrier.
  • f l5 f 2 , and f 3 are both phase rotations and amplitude shifts in at least one embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a method of applying frequency diversity beginning at 402 and ending at 408. While at least one embodiment is illustrated, the method 400 can comprise any step described above in various embodiments.
  • one or more first data symbols in one or more first sub-carriers are encoded as one or more second data symbols in one or more second sub- carriers in a smart-utility-network communication.
  • the one or more second data symbols are phase-rotated. In at least one embodiment, the phase rotation is by [1, j, -1, -j, 1, j, -1, -j . . .
  • the one or more second data symbols are complex conjugates of the one or more first data symbols.
  • the phase rotation is based on indexes of the one or more first sub-carriers in at least one embodiment.
  • the phase rotation is a function of the index of a first sub-carrier and the index of the sub-carrier to which the data is being encoded. As such, the frequency spread data appears random and has a low PAR at the output of the IFFT.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a particular machine 580 suitable for implementing one or more embodiments disclosed herein.
  • the computer system 580 includes one or more processors 582 (which may be referred to as a central processor unit or CPU) that are in communication with a machine-readable medium 587.
  • the machine-readable medium 587 may comprise memory devices including secondary storage 584, read only memory (ROM) 586, and random access memory (RAM) 588.
  • the processor is further in communication with input/output (I/O) 590 devices and network connectivity devices 592.
  • the processor may be implemented as one or more CPU chips.
  • the secondary storage 584 is typically comprised of one or more disk drives, tape drives, or optical discs and is used for non- volatile storage of data and as an over-flow data storage device if RAM 588 is not large enough to hold all working data. Secondary storage 584 may be used to store programs and instructions 589 that are loaded into RAM 588 when such programs are selected for execution.
  • the ROM 586 is used to store instructions 589 and perhaps data, which are read during program execution. ROM 586 is a non-volatile memory device that typically has a small memory capacity relative to the larger memory capacity of secondary storage.
  • the RAM 588 is used to store volatile data and perhaps to store instructions 589. Access to both ROM 586 and RAM 588 is typically faster than to secondary storage 584.
  • I/O 590 devices may include printers, video monitors, liquid crystal displays
  • the network connectivity devices 592 may take the form of modems, modem banks, ethernet cards, universal serial bus (USB) interface cards, serial interfaces, token ring cards, fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) cards, wireless local area network (WLAN) cards, radio transceiver cards such as code division multiple access (CDMA) and/or global system for mobile communications (GSM) radio transceiver cards, and other well-known network devices.
  • These network connectivity 592 devices may enable the processor 582 to communicate with an Internet or one or more intranets.
  • the processor 582 may receive information from the network, or may output information to the network in the course of performing the above-described method steps.
  • Such information which is often represented as a sequence of instructions 589 to be executed using processor 582, may be received from and output to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave
  • Such information may be received from and output to the network, for example, in the form of a computer data baseband signal or signal embodied in a carrier wave.
  • the baseband signal or signal embodied in the carrier wave generated by the network connectivity 592 devices may propagate in or on the surface of electrical conductors, in coaxial cables, in waveguides, in optical media, for example optical fiber, or in the air or free space.
  • the information contained in the baseband signal or signal embedded in the carrier wave may be ordered according to different sequences, as may be desirable for either processing or generating the information or transmitting or receiving the information.
  • the baseband signal or signal embedded in the carrier wave, or other types of signals currently used or hereafter developed, referred to herein as the transmission medium may be generated according to several methods well known to one skilled in the art.
  • the processor 582 executes instructions 589, codes, computer programs, scripts which it accesses from hard disk, floppy disk, optical disc (these various disk based systems may all be considered secondary storage 584), ROM 586, RAM 588, or the network connectivity devices 592.
  • the system may be implemented in an application specific integrated circuit ("ASIC") comprising logic configured to perform any action described in this disclosure with corresponding and appropriate inputs and outputs or a digital signal processor (“DSP”) similarly configured.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • Such logic is implemented in a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver in various embodiments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un circuit intégré comprend une logique configurée pour coder (404) un ou plusieurs premiers symboles de données dans une ou plusieurs premières sous-porteuses en tant qu'un ou plusieurs seconds symboles de données dans une ou plusieurs secondes sous-porteuses dans une communication d'un réseau de services intelligents.
EP10842471.4A 2009-12-17 2010-12-10 Diversité de fréquence et rotation de phase Withdrawn EP2514156A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US28759209P 2009-12-17 2009-12-17
US12/873,114 US8446934B2 (en) 2009-08-31 2010-08-31 Frequency diversity and phase rotation
PCT/US2010/059869 WO2011084356A1 (fr) 2009-12-17 2010-12-10 Diversité de fréquence et rotation de phase

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2514156A1 true EP2514156A1 (fr) 2012-10-24
EP2514156A4 EP2514156A4 (fr) 2017-03-01

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EP10842471.4A Withdrawn EP2514156A4 (fr) 2009-12-17 2010-12-10 Diversité de fréquence et rotation de phase

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EP (1) EP2514156A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013514739A (fr)
CN (1) CN102656855B (fr)
WO (1) WO2011084356A1 (fr)

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KR20130142932A (ko) * 2012-06-19 2013-12-30 한국전자통신연구원 무선랜 시스템의 오에프디엠 전송 방법 및 장치
TWI577159B (zh) 2015-08-13 2017-04-01 宏碁股份有限公司 資料分配方法、訊號接收方法、無線傳送及接收裝置
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CN107634824B (zh) 2016-07-19 2021-02-12 华为技术有限公司 传输信号的方法和装置
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CN116938660A (zh) * 2021-04-06 2023-10-24 华为技术有限公司 调制和解调信号的方法、设备、存储介质和程序产品

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WO2011084356A1 (fr) 2011-07-14
JP2013514739A (ja) 2013-04-25
CN102656855B (zh) 2015-04-15
EP2514156A4 (fr) 2017-03-01
CN102656855A (zh) 2012-09-05

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