EP2511982A2 - Récipient de fret doté d'une antenne - Google Patents

Récipient de fret doté d'une antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2511982A2
EP2511982A2 EP12001045A EP12001045A EP2511982A2 EP 2511982 A2 EP2511982 A2 EP 2511982A2 EP 12001045 A EP12001045 A EP 12001045A EP 12001045 A EP12001045 A EP 12001045A EP 2511982 A2 EP2511982 A2 EP 2511982A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
transmitting
signals
container according
cargo container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12001045A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2511982A3 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Hornbostel
Andreas Winkelmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus DS GmbH
Original Assignee
Astrium GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Astrium GmbH filed Critical Astrium GmbH
Publication of EP2511982A2 publication Critical patent/EP2511982A2/fr
Publication of EP2511982A3 publication Critical patent/EP2511982A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/22—Electrical actuation
    • G08B13/24—Electrical actuation by interference with electromagnetic field distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/106—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using two or more intersecting plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cargo container having at least one metallic side part, and to an electromagnetic radiation antenna for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic signals transmitted via satellites.
  • the patent literature describes various systems for monitoring containers. Among other things, it is known to determine the location of a container by means of GPS and notify a remote monitoring center. The internal monitoring of containers by means of suitable sensors has also been described. The sensor signals or the GPS position data can then be transmitted to the monitoring center, for example land-based via radio, but alternatively also via satellite-supported communication paths. The transmission of the corresponding signals via satellites is, however, generally mandatory, insofar as containers are to be continuously monitored even during transport at sea.
  • the satellites of today's satellite-based communication and positioning systems transmit circularly polarized electromagnetic waves by means of circularly polarized antennas.
  • antennas for transmitting and / or receiving such signals which are also circularly polarized, are naturally used when these systems are used on earth.
  • circularly polarized antennas usually need to be vertically aligned. Therefore, in the context of container use, such antennas would have to be optimally mounted on the upwardly facing roof of the container. This is particularly disadvantageous in stackable containers. Because a mounted on the container roof antenna would be covered in such a case by a container arranged above her or possibly even damaged.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an antenna and a cargo container with an antenna disposed thereon, the antenna as reliable as possible by means of satellite-based positioning and / or communication systems send and / or receive signals.
  • a linearly polarized antenna is attached to a metallic side part of a freight container, in particular to a side wall or a side door or the like, particularly preferably a monopole antenna.
  • Such a cargo container with at least one metallic side part is preferably a transport container known per se, preferably made of sheet steel, in particular a so-called sea container.
  • a transport container known per se preferably made of sheet steel, in particular a so-called sea container.
  • the invention is not limited to such containers. Rather encompassed are any types of preferably stackable cargo containers.
  • a preferred cargo container is cuboidal. He usually has four designed as substantially upright walls side parts, as well as a bottom and a top, which include a total cargo space. In addition, one or more of the above access openings are usually present, which can be closed by means of closing devices, in particular doors, trained side panels.
  • a linear antenna can be made compact in a simple manner. It is preferably constructed so that it does not face outward from the outer dimensions defining components of the cargo container, for example to a container foot, i. E. horizontal, protruding. There is then no risk of damage to the same by adjacent cargo containers.
  • the linear antennas according to the invention are preferably placed in suitable niches on the metallic side part of the freight container.
  • a monopole antenna is particularly preferably used.
  • the antenna in particular the monopole antenna, moreover at least approximately - with respect to the standard installation situation on a conventional, usually substantially cuboid cargo container - horizontally extending, preferably rod-shaped radiator element.
  • the electromagnetic waves are emitted directly via the radiating element or recorded via the latter.
  • the linearly polarized antenna is preferably optimized to the so-called L-band frequency range, in which the current position determination systems or communication systems that transmit their signals via satellites work.
  • This L-band range includes frequencies in a range of about 1.5 to 1.7 GHz.
  • the antenna can receive and / or transmit signals via at least two different frequencies, so that, on the one hand, the reception of position-determining signals (GPS, Galileo) is possible and, on the other hand, communication signals (Iridium, Globalstar, etc.) via another frequency. , preferably bidirectionally, can be transmitted.
  • position-determining signals GPS, Galileo
  • communication signals Iridium, Globalstar, etc.
  • a transmitting and / or receiving device which is connected or connectable to the antenna and which can generate and / or receive corresponding high-frequency electrical or electromagnetic signals of different frequencies is preferably arranged on the freight container. These high-frequency signals are then guided to the antenna or passed from the antenna to the transmitting and / or receiving device.
  • Such a transmitting and / or receiving device preferably has at least two transmitting and / or receiving units.
  • the one of the transmitting and / or receiving units may for example be designed as a communication module, so that it can receive communication signals (iridium signals, Globalstar signals, etc.).
  • the other transmitting and / or receiving unit can be designed as a position determination module that can receive position-determining signals (GPS signals, Galileo signals, etc.).
  • the at least two transmitting and / or receiving units are alternately connected or connectable to the antenna via a suitable high-frequency switch.
  • the above-mentioned high-frequency switch can have two controllable by a suitable control unit on / off switch, which are each arranged in one of two branch lines, each on the one hand depart from a connected to the antenna line , and in each case on the other hand connected to one of the two transmitting and / or receiving units.
  • a suitable control unit on / off switch which are each arranged in one of two branch lines, each on the one hand depart from a connected to the antenna line , and in each case on the other hand connected to one of the two transmitting and / or receiving units.
  • the transmitting and / or receiving unit connected to the corresponding branch line, in which the closed on / off switch is arranged is connected to the antenna.
  • both on / off switches are closed at the same time.
  • the signals of both transmitting and / or receiving units would be conducted to the antenna and possibly interfere with each other.
  • the constellation already described above is considered, in which one of the transmitting and / or receiving units is designed as a communication module, such as an iridium transmitter / receiver, and the other transmitting and / or receiving unit as a position determination module, such as a GPS receiver , In this constellation, if the antenna receives communication signals and these signals are erroneously sent not only to the communication module but also to the position determination module, the latter could be overridden and damaged.
  • the above-mentioned high-frequency switch is preferably connected to a suitable priority switch, which ensures that only one of the two transmitting and / or receiving units is connected to the antenna.
  • the high-frequency switch is controlled by a suitable electronics or control unit.
  • the control signals for the high-frequency switch can be transmitted by means of suitable coupling members or coupling components via the same electrical lines through which the electromagnetic antenna signals are transmitted to the transmitting and / or receiving units and / or away from them.
  • the control signals for the changeover switch are transmitted via those lines through which the transmit / receive signals are routed to and from the antenna.
  • control signals for the high-frequency switch over separate, i. To transfer from the aforementioned electrical connection lines separate control lines to this.
  • the antenna itself is concerned, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, it has a housing which-in the state of the antenna mounted on the container, in which one or the emitter element of the antenna runs, running horizontally or perpendicular to the side part of the freight container is - upwards for the electromagnetic waves to be transmitted is permeable.
  • the housing can still be closed at the top by a cover part of a permeable to electromagnetic waves material, in particular of a suitable plastic.
  • the cover part protects the inside of the antenna, especially against the weather.
  • a reflector is arranged in the housing, at least predominantly below the radiator element, so that at least - optionally at a certain angle to the vertical - downwardly directed radiation of the radiator element of the reflector - optionally also at a certain angle to the vertical - is reflected upwards.
  • the reflector is preferably an angle reflector with at least two reflector surfaces extending at an angle to each other. In principle, however, it is also conceivable to use other reflectors, such as parabolic reflectors or reflectors with curved surfaces.
  • the two reflector surfaces of the angle reflector are preferably arranged in parallel to the radiator element planes.
  • the distance of the arranged between the two reflector surfaces crest line to the radiator element has a value in a range between 1/16 and 9/16 of the useful wavelength of Receive and / or transmit wavelength of the electromagnetic signal is. Particularly preferably, the distance is substantially 1/4 of this useful wavelength.
  • the two reflector surfaces enclose an angle which is between 120 ° and 140 °.
  • the housing may be formed, for example cuboid in one embodiment of the invention.
  • the radiator element may preferably be arranged in the upper third of the cuboid on an inner side thereof and run perpendicular to this inner side or horizontally in the direction of the opposite inner side.
  • the opening depth, ie the distance between the two said inner sides, is (slightly) greater than one quarter of the reception and / or transmission wavelength of the electromagnetic signal.
  • the opening width of the cuboid namely the distance of the other two inner sides to one another, preferably corresponds to half of this useful wavelength.
  • Fig. 1 shows an antenna 10, which is fixed to a door leaf 12 of a closing device, namely a container door, a cargo container, not shown, namely a sea container made of sheet steel.
  • the antenna 10 is part of a monitoring device, not shown. The monitoring device is used to monitor the cargo container.
  • the monitoring device uses sensors associated with the container to record the events that violate its integrity.
  • An integrity violation is generally understood to mean any justified or unauthorized manipulation inside or outside the container and / or any physical access to the container, in particular to the interior thereof.
  • an integrity violation includes opening and / or the closing of one or more closing devices, in particular doors, each of which can close or release at least one access opening to the container.
  • the cargo container can preferably be loaded with freight or storage goods to be transported or stored via the one or more access openings.
  • a transmitting and receiving device 36 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) of the monitoring device corresponding electromagnetic signals to the antenna 10. This forwards the signals via satellite-based communication paths to a remote receiver.
  • the antenna 10 receives via satellite-based communication paths electromagnetic waves or signals, which forwards them to the transmitting and receiving device 36.
  • the current position of the cargo container can be determined via GPS.
  • Control signals or the like could be sent to the monitoring device via the iridium system or similar systems.
  • the antenna 10 is attached to the outside of a metallic side part of the container, namely on the door leaf 12, more precisely on a rectangular post 14 thereof.
  • the post 14 limits the door 12 at its free end.
  • Today's satellite based communication and / or positioning systems use circularly polarized electromagnetic waves for signal transmission.
  • the antenna 10 is designed as an antenna with linear polarization, namely in the present case as a so-called monopole antenna.
  • the overall depth of the antenna that is its length perpendicular to the side part, is so small that in the present case it does not protrude horizontally outward in relation to a container door locking bar 18.
  • the locking bar 18 protrudes further outward than the antenna 10 with respect to the direction perpendicular to the upright door leaf plane.
  • the antenna 10 is therefore located in a niche relative to the outer dimensions of the container.
  • the antenna is designed and arranged on the outside of the side part of the container, in the present case on the door leaf 12, that it is arranged further inwards in relation to the components defining the outer dimensions of the container.
  • a second container is positioned directly with its end face opposite the present container or the door 12, it can not touch the antenna 10 and thus does not damage it. Because the feet of the container, not shown, provide in this case for a sufficient distance between the two containers to each other.
  • the antenna 10 has a housing 20.
  • the housing 20 is parallelepiped-shaped with four upright side walls 22a-22d and one bottom side 24.
  • the cuboidal housing 20 is not connected at its upper side 26 illustrated lid part made of plastic.
  • radiator element 28 is arranged in the upper third of the cuboid housing 20, in the upper third of the cuboid housing 20, a radiator element 28 is arranged.
  • the radiator element 28 is rod-shaped and attached to the inside of the container or the door leaf 12 associated housing side 22b.
  • the rod-shaped radiator element 28 extends from the inside of the housing side 22b perpendicular (in the horizontal direction) to the opposite side 22a of the housing 20. Below the radiator element 28, a reflector 30 is disposed in the housing 20.
  • the reflector 30 is an angle reflector with two at an angle ⁇ to each other extending reflector surfaces 32a, 32b.
  • radiator element 28 it is conceivable to fix the radiator element 28 on the inside of the side facing away from the container or the door leaf 12 side 22a. In this case, the radiator element 28 would extend from this inner side to the opposite side 22b of the housing 20.
  • the two reflector surfaces 32a, 32b meet in a apex line 34, which runs in the same vertical plane as the radiator element 28. Starting from the apex line 34, the reflector 30 opens towards the top, wherein the reflector surfaces 32a, 32b respectively converge with the free ends of the narrow sides 22c, 22d of the housing 20 with these.
  • the housing 20 is tuned to the frequency or frequency range of those electromagnetic waves that are to be received and / or transmitted by means of the antenna 10.
  • the distance d between the radiator element 18 and the apex line 34 of the reflector 30 is selected so that it substantially corresponds to a quarter of the useful wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation which receives and / or transmits the antenna.
  • the opening width a of the housing 20, i. the distance of the inner sides of the upright narrow sides 22c, 22d and the upper horizontal edges of the two narrow sides 22c, 22d, is chosen so that it corresponds approximately to half of the said use wavelength.
  • the opening depth b of the housing 20, namely the distance between the two inner sides of the upright cuboid side walls 22a, 22b in the region above the radiator element 28, is slightly larger than a quarter of this useful wavelength.
  • the length c of the radiator element 28 corresponds to the resonance length of a monopole for this useful wavelength.
  • the small length c corresponds to the preferred in the so-called L-band frequency range in the satellite-based communication and / or positioning systems in a measure that makes it possible to design the depth of the antenna 10 so that they in the above-mentioned common niches the container fits.
  • the opening angle ⁇ between the two reflector surfaces 32a, 32b is between 120 ° and 140 °.
  • the antenna 10 will be corresponding Fig. 3 with the (in the Fig. 1 and 2 not shown) transmitting and receiving device 36 is connected.
  • the transmitting and receiving device 36 can basically be arranged both inside the container and outside the container.
  • the transmitting and receiving device 36 has two transmitting and / or receiving units 38a and 38b.
  • the transmitting and / or receiving unit 38b in the present case is a GPS receiver that can receive high-frequency GPS signals that can be received via the antenna 10.
  • the transmitting and / or receiving unit 38a is a transmitter and receiver that can generate and receive high-frequency iridium communication signals that can be radiated via the antenna 10 or received via the antenna 10.
  • one or both units 38a, 38b either as transmitter only or as receiver only, or both units as transmitter as well as receiver of such high-frequency signals.
  • the antenna 10 is connected via an electrical line 40 to a high-frequency switch 42. More specifically, line 40 terminates at a node 44 from which two branch lines 46a, 46b exit.
  • the branch line 46a is conductively connected to the transmitting and receiving unit 38a, the branch line 46b to the transmitting and receiving unit 38b.
  • a controllable on-off switch formed as a make 48a is contained within the branch line 46a, in the branch line 46b designed as a make 48b on-off switch.
  • the lines 46a and 46b can each be converted from an interrupted state into a closed or conductive state, and thus the connection of the transmitting and receiving units 38a or 38b with the antenna 10 can be produced.
  • Control units 50a, 50b are provided for controlling the make contacts 48a, 48b.
  • the control unit 50a is associated with the shutter 48a, and the control unit 50b with the shutter 48b.
  • the control units 50a, 50b generate corresponding control signals for the make contacts 48a, 48b which they feed into the respective lines 46a, 46b via suitable coupling components 54a, 54b, in the present case suitable coils. With each applied control signal of the shutter 48 a and the shutter 48 b is operated or transferred from an open state in which the line 46 a and 46 b is interrupted, in a closed state, in which the line 46 a and 46 b is closed.
  • decoupling the control signals fed from the control units 50a, 50b into the lines 46a and 46b, respectively, from the electromagnetic signals generated and / or received by the transmitting and receiving units 38a and 38b, respectively, are suitable decoupling components 52 arranged in the lines 46a and 46b, in the present case suitable capacitors.
  • control signals coupled into the lines 46a and 46b via the coupling-in components 54a, 54b can not reach the antenna 10 as interference signals or to the transmitting and receiving units 38a, 38b.
  • control signals are fed via suitable coupling-out components 56b, 56a, in the present case suitable coils, to the shutters 48b, 48a.
  • control signals of the control unit 50a via a control line 60a to the shutter 48a and the control signals of the control unit 50b via a control line 60b supplied to the shutter 48b.
  • control signal is supplied to the control unit 50a a priority switch, in the present case an opener 58th
  • the opener 58 is disposed within the control line 60b.
  • the control line 60b In the closed state of the opener 58, the control line 60b is closed, i. a signal transmission from the control unit 50b to the shutter 48b can take place.
  • the control line 60b In the open state of the opener 58, however, the control line 60b is interrupted, so that no control signals can be transmitted to the make 48b.
  • the opening of the opener 58 is brought about as soon as a control signal is applied to the control line 60a or as soon as the control unit 50a transmits corresponding control signals via the control line 60a.
  • the opener or priority switch 58 By means of the opener or priority switch 58 it is ensured that one of the two transmitting and receiving units 38a, 38b always has priority, so that that no faulty coupling of the two transmitting and receiving units 38a, 38b may arise with the antenna 10. In other words, the opener or priority switch 58 ensures that the two lines 46a, 46b are not connected to the antenna 10 at the same time.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
EP12001045A 2011-04-13 2012-02-17 Récipient de fret doté d'une antenne Withdrawn EP2511982A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011016873A DE102011016873A1 (de) 2011-04-13 2011-04-13 Frachtbehälter mit Antenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2511982A2 true EP2511982A2 (fr) 2012-10-17
EP2511982A3 EP2511982A3 (fr) 2012-10-24

Family

ID=45655076

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12001045A Withdrawn EP2511982A3 (fr) 2011-04-13 2012-02-17 Récipient de fret doté d'une antenne

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2511982A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011016873A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012139724A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023195010A1 (fr) * 2022-04-04 2023-10-12 Arrowspot Systems Ltd. Antenne latérale de conteneur de fret

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009013104A1 (de) 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Astrium Gmbh Verfahren und System zur Überwachung eines Frachtbehältnisses

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023195010A1 (fr) * 2022-04-04 2023-10-12 Arrowspot Systems Ltd. Antenne latérale de conteneur de fret

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012139724A3 (fr) 2013-06-20
WO2012139724A2 (fr) 2012-10-18
EP2511982A3 (fr) 2012-10-24
DE102011016873A1 (de) 2012-10-18

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