EP2508813A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour le réglage de la pression de l'air dans un espace - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le réglage de la pression de l'air dans un espace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2508813A2
EP2508813A2 EP12155651A EP12155651A EP2508813A2 EP 2508813 A2 EP2508813 A2 EP 2508813A2 EP 12155651 A EP12155651 A EP 12155651A EP 12155651 A EP12155651 A EP 12155651A EP 2508813 A2 EP2508813 A2 EP 2508813A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
room
air pressure
air
space
extinguishing agent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12155651A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2508813A3 (fr
Inventor
Detlef Dipl.-Ing Makulla
Klaus Dr. Hermsdorf
Frank Dipl.-Ing. Tauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caverion Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Yit Germany GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yit Germany GmbH filed Critical Yit Germany GmbH
Publication of EP2508813A2 publication Critical patent/EP2508813A2/fr
Publication of EP2508813A3 publication Critical patent/EP2508813A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F24F7/08—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit with separate ducts for supplied and exhausted air with provisions for reversal of the input and output systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/0001—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation
    • F24F2011/0002—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air
    • F24F2011/0005—Control or safety arrangements for ventilation for admittance of outside air to create underpressure in a room, keeping contamination inside
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/40—Pressure, e.g. wind pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regulating an air pressure in a room which is separated from an outdoor area by means of substantially completely enclosing, gas-impermeable space delimiting elements, supply air being supplied to the room through at least one supply air duct and exhaust air being discharged from the room through at least one exhaust air duct, wherein the air pressure in the room by means of a first regulator, which is preferably suitable for controlling small fluctuations in the air pressure is controlled so that an air pressure difference between the room and the outside area is always less than zero, wherein in a room entering fire a fire extinguishing agent is initiated into the room.
  • extinguishing agents may be, for example, so-called inert gases, carbon dioxide, argon and nitrogen being mostly used.
  • inert gases work by displacing the oxygen that the fire needs to survive and "smothering" the fire in this way.
  • halons can be used. In contrast to inert gases, these act by disrupting the fire reaction by interrupting the chain reaction that takes place during a fire.
  • an introduction of such an extinguishing agent may entail risks regardless of its nature, since the extinguishing agent has a considerable influence on the air pressure in the respective room. This is especially true for those rooms that are gas-tight, as they have no or only slight leaks in the existing room boundary elements (walls, doors, windows, etc.) and possibly occurring air pressure gradient between a Indoor or an outdoor area of the room can not be compensated or only very slowly. The direction of the gradient is different depending on the type of gaseous extinguishing agent used.
  • the use of an inert gas is associated exclusively with an increase in the air pressure in the room, so that the air pressure in the room soon exceeds the air pressure in the surrounding rooms or the outdoor area.
  • the use of a halon - at least over a certain period of effect - leads to a precisely reversed effect.
  • the halon is initially in a liquid state before it is passed for the purpose of fire fighting in the respective fire area.
  • the extinguishing agent - for example of the type Novec TM 1230 - it comes in a first phase of action of the extinguishing agent then a sudden evaporation of the halon, with a temperature in the respective gas-tight room due to expansion and evaporation effects of the extinguishing agent drops sharply.
  • the extinguishing agent is kept in a liquid state and deprives the room of energy when it is introduced into the room due to a transfer from the liquid to a gaseous state and the temperature decreases accordingly.
  • the air pressure in the room drops considerably below a normal level.
  • propellant gas which is usually added to the extinguishing agent.
  • both the minimum pressure in the first phase of action and the maximum pressure in the second phase of action of the extinguishing agent can lead to such a high pressure difference between the interior of the room and the outside of the room that the space-limiting elements used can not withstand the mechanical stress of the air pressure.
  • Walls of such gas-tight spaces are often designed as a dry construction, which can not withstand such a plate stress, ie a stress in a direction perpendicular to the wall direction, which is formed by the air pressure.
  • the supply of the inert gas into the protected area is limited to a maximum flow rate by means of a throttle element, so that the pressure increase in the protection area due to the inert gas is also limited to a certain extent.
  • An otherwise occurring pressure peak at the beginning of the introduction of the inert gas into the protected area can thus be considerably reduced, as a result of which the ventilation system which is used to regulate the pressure conditions in the protected area can be adapted in its dimensioning and considerably reduced.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop a method and an apparatus of the type described above such that the use of an extinguishing agent-extinguishing agent to combat a fire in a gas-tight room is possible without an unfiltered air exchange between the room and an area outside the Space is needed.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by supplementing the method described in the introduction by regulating the air pressure in the space by means of a second regulator, which is preferably suitable for controlling large fluctuations of the air pressure, at least during the introduction of the extinguishing agent into the room.
  • the substantially complete enclosure of the space by means of gas-impermeable space delimiting elements is to be understood here as meaning that it is technically almost impossible to separate a room 100% gas-tight from an outside area surrounding it. It is precisely the typically existing remaining gaps between the room and the outside area that first make it necessary to demand an always negative pressure difference between the room and the outside area, because this is the only way to ensure that no particles in the room leave the same in the direction of the outside area.
  • an extinguishing agent is to be understood in particular to mean gaseous extinguishing agents, which, according to the above explanation, can be present in a liquid state of matter before being introduced into the space and evaporate only when they enter the room. Nevertheless, those extinguishing agents are also meant which are gaseous at any time.
  • a regulation of pressure differences of approximately ⁇ 30 Pa is understood to mean a setpoint, with small fluctuations, the regulation of which is particularly suitable for the first controller.
  • a regulation of pressure differences in the range of approximately ⁇ 2,000 Pa to ⁇ 2,500 Pa is understood to be a desired value.
  • Both regulators regulate the air pressure in the room, typically adjusting a supply of supply air or a discharge of exhaust air, or both, to control the air pressure to the desired setpoint.
  • This setpoint value is set or is continuously adjusted such that the air pressure difference between the room and the outside area is always negative, preferably always assumes a value of less than -20 Pa, so that only remaining air in the room delimiting elements from the outside area in enters the room, but in no case air is discharged from the room to the outside. Furthermore, the pressure difference between the space and the outside area should not be too large in magnitude, in particular not rise above 1500 Pa, so that the space-limiting elements are not damaged due to the mechanical effect of the air pressure.
  • the regulation of the air pressure in case of fire via the second controller makes it possible, even with strong air pressure fluctuations in the room, as may occur in the course of the discharge of the extinguishing agent according to the above explanation, the air pressure difference between the space and the outside area less than zero, advantageously smaller Pa, and at the same time greater - 1500 Pa can be kept.
  • This second controller can be controlled for example by means of a smoke detector, so that the introduction of the extinguishing agent is always accompanied by the circuit of the second controller. Due to the extreme air pressure fluctuations during a first and a second phase of action of the extinguishing agent is the first Regulator that is designed for air pressure regulation under normal circumstances, not suitable.
  • a "fine" control of the air pressure in the room in terms of a fluctuation of the air pressure by a setpoint in the range of less Pascal, is typically not possible by means of the second controller.
  • an exceptional situation such as a fire, but is not as fine a regulation of the air pressure of primary interest, but rather the restriction of the air pressure difference between the room and the outside to negative values that are kept small enough in amount so as not to damage the room boundary elements ,
  • the first controller is deactivated as soon as the second controller is activated.
  • This offers the advantage that for the purpose of maintaining a desired value of the air pressure in the space or the negative pressure difference always the same device elements can be used, which are provided only by two different controllers depending on whether a fire is present or not. Normally, they are thus controlled by the first controller, while in case of fire, the first controller is disabled and the second controller the target-actual comparison (adjustment of the controlled variable) and influencing the manipulated variable (setting the supply of supply air and / or discharge of Exhaust air) takes over.
  • both regulators preferably alternately, each have at least one actuator arranged in the supply air duct, preferably a volumetric flow controller, and / or at least one actuator arranged in the exhaust air duct, preferably a volume flow regulator, and / or at least one another actuator, preferably a volumetric flow controller, to influence the air pressure in the room act.
  • actuators allows regulation of outgoing or outflowing volume flows into or out of the room. By means of a setting of a difference between the supply and the exhaust air volume flow can thus hold an air pressure in the room within predetermined limits.
  • Such actuators or volumetric flow controllers can be designed, for example, as throttle valves and open as required a flow cross-section of the respective channels, partially open or close.
  • the latter regulates the air pressure in the room merely by influencing the supply of the supply air and in this first period the exhaust air duct is closed.
  • the extinguishing agent is passed into the room and then in the first phase of action of the extinguishing agent, which is interpretable as the first period, the air pressure in the room due to expansion and evaporation effects decreases sharply, can by means of the second Regulator, which is adapted to detect and regulate extreme differences in air pressure, an actuator in the supply air duct are controlled so that it opens and completely releases a flow cross section of the supply air duct.
  • An actuator in the exhaust duct should be closed at this time, however, so that no exhaust air leaves the room.
  • An air volume flow conducted through the supply air duct into the room would thus be maximum, while an air volume flow led out of the room is equal to zero.
  • the consequence of this approach is that a strong negative pressure difference between the room and the outside area is counteracted and thus damage to the room boundary elements can be prevented.
  • the method should be carried out so that in a second period after the activation of the second regulator controls the air pressure in the room only by influencing the discharge of exhaust air and is closed in this second period of the supply air duct, preferably the second period in time first period follows.
  • Such a method should be used, for example, during the second phase of action of the extinguishing agent. Due to a propellant gas, by means of which the extinguishing agent is introduced from an extinguishing agent storage in the room, in this second phase of action, which can be interpreted as a second period, the air pressure in the room increases sharply. Equivalent to the procedure with a strongly negative pressure difference between in such a case, an air supply to the room should be completely prevented and only a removal of the exhaust air from the room to be used for a regulation of the air pressure in the room. By doing so, it can be avoided that the air pressure difference between the room and the outside area takes a positive amount. As already explained above, just such a positive air pressure difference is to be prevented, since possibly harmful particles or organisms could escape through any leaks in the room boundary elements of the room in the outdoor area.
  • the said two phases of action of the extinguishing agent in a fire fighting so that the second phase of action occurs in terms of time after the first occurs.
  • a device described above is supplemented by a second controller, which is preferably suitable for controlling large fluctuations in the air pressure, wherein by means of the second regulator, the air pressure in the room at least during the introduction of the extinguishing agent is controllable.
  • the inventive method is particularly easy to carry out.
  • a regulation of the air pressure in the space by means of the second regulator can be necessary beyond a period in which the extinguishing agent is introduced into the room, if strong air pressure differences only or continue to occur in a period to which the introduction of the extinguishing agent already ended is.
  • other boundary conditions that do not relate to a fire make the use of the second controller necessary.
  • actuators in the supply air duct and / or the exhaust duct and / or at least one other Should be controlled actuator is particularly easy to carry out with such a device.
  • the actuators are preferably volumetric flow controllers.
  • the object can moreover be achieved by an alternative method of the type described at the outset, during which the supply of the supply air and / or in a second period of time the removal of the exhaust air is regulated to zero during an action of the extinguishing agent in the room in a first period.
  • both a positive pressure difference between the room and the outside area and a pronounced negative pressure difference during the two periods during the fire can be influenced particularly effectively.
  • the discharge of the exhaust air is correspondingly exposed so that the air pressure can be raised by means of the supply of the supply air.
  • the supply air is switched off.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment of a circuit for controlling a gas-tight space 1 , which is acted upon by means of extinguishing agent in a fire, is in FIG. 1 shown.
  • a supply air duct 2 has, equivalent to an exhaust duct 3, a fan 4 , an actuator 5 and a filter element 6 .
  • the exhaust duct 3 is corresponding to a fan 7 , a Actuator 8 and a filter element 9 equipped.
  • a measuring device 10 is installed, which measures a L uft réelle in an interior of the room 1 .
  • a further measuring device 11 is positioned outside of the room 1 , which measures an air pressure outside the room 1 .
  • Both measuring devices 10 , 11 are connected to a first controller 12 and to a second controller 13 .
  • the regulators 12, 13 can be made on the basis of these measuring devices 10, 11 an alignment of an actual to a desired value of the air pressure in the room 1.
  • a signaling device 14 is also installed in the room 1 , which is suitable for reporting a fire.
  • This signaling device 14 is in turn likewise connected to the two regulators 12, 13 and to a triggering device 15, a firefighting device 16 .
  • the actuators 5, 8 of the supply air duct 2 and the exhaust duct 3 are controlled by means of the first regulator 12 . This is connected via a first closed switch 17 with the actuators 5, 8 .
  • the second controller 13, however, is not connected to the actuators 5, 8 .
  • a second switch 18 of the second controller 13 is opened accordingly, the second controller 13 is thus deactivated.
  • the signaling device 14 triggers and likewise switches the triggering device 15 of the fire-fighting device 16 as well as the two controllers 12, 13 .
  • a circuit of the controllers 12, 13 in this context means that the first switch 17 is opened while the second switch 18 is closed. In the following, therefore, the second controller 13 is responsible for a control of the actuators 5 , 8 , while the first controller 12 is deactivated.
  • a commissioning of the fire-fighting device 16 causes an extinguishing agent is introduced into the room 1 by means of a distributor head 19 , which serves to combat the reported fire.
  • a supply of this extinguishing agent in the space 1 causes a change in the air pressure in the interior of the room 1 such that during a first phase of action of the extinguishing agent, the air pressure due to evaporation effects decreases sharply and creates a large negative pressure difference between the air pressure between the room 1 and an outdoor area ,
  • the controller 13 which registers a deviation of the air pressure of a desired value and thus the actuators 5 , 8 thus switches, that an actual value of the air pressure in the sense of approaching the setpoint is changed.
  • the air pressure in the interior of the room 1 due to a propellant gas contained in the extinguishing agent increases sharply, so that a positive pressure difference between the room 1 and the outside area threatens to arise.
  • the second controller 13 registers a desired-actual-Abuveichung means of the measuring device 10 and switches the actuators 5, 8 accordingly.
  • the actuator 5 is now closed, so that the supply air duct 2 is blocked and the actuator 8 is opened, so that the exhaust duct 3 is open.
  • An imminent positive pressure difference between the room 1 and the outside area can thus be counteracted by exhaust air from the room 1 can escape via the exhaust duct 3 , without the additional supply air is supplied via the supply air duct 2 to the room 1 .
  • the air pressure in room 1 can always be kept smaller than the outdoor air pressure.
  • a profile of the air pressure in space 1 over a period of time is shown in a diagram 20 which is shown in FIG. 2 is pictured, removable. On a y-axis 21 while the air pressure difference between the space 1 and the outside area in Pascal is plotted, while on an x-axis 2 2, the time is plotted in minutes.
  • a dashed line 23 in the diagram 20 shows an air pressure curve, as it might look under a sole use of the first regulator 12 in case of fire.
  • the fire begins at minute 4 .
  • the room 1 is not exposed to a fire and the extinguishing agent is not introduced into the room 1 .
  • the lines 23 , 24 are congruent, respectively only the first controller 12 is responsible for a Beerdruckreglung in the room 1 .
  • the second regulator 13 if present, is deactivated at this time. Only after an outbreak of a fire in the room 1 from minute 4 , the second controller 13 is active and the first controller 12 equally inactive.
  • the first controller 12 Since - as described above - the first controller 12 is not suitable for controlling strong differences in air pressure, this is not able to prevent the occurring air pressure fluctuations, which occur due to the explained two phases of action of the extinguishing agent.
  • the dashed line 23 makes this clear.
  • the second controller 13 By activation of the second controller 13, however, both a minimum of the air pressure difference from the first phase of action and a maximum of the air pressure difference from the second phase of action of the extinguishing agent can be compensated, as can be seen from the uninterrupted line 24 .
  • the second controller 13 is capable not only of smoothing peaks of an air pressure curve, but also reaches a state where the difference of the air pressure between the space 1 and the outside is never positive. Accordingly, between the room 1 and the outside area - as desired - a negative air pressure ratio prevails throughout, whereby such a difference is prevented in terms of amount which would jeopardize the structural integrity of the room boundary elements.
  • the air pressure in the interior of the room 1 can also be regulated by means of an alternative method.
  • An associated circuit diagram is in FIG. 3 displayed.
  • two actuators 5 , 8 used for the supply of supply air or for the removal of the exhaust air. These are each switched individually via switching relays 25 , 26 .
  • a pressure switch 27 By means of a pressure switch 27 , the supply air or the exhaust air can be deactivated in the case of an overpressure or a negative pressure in the space 1.
  • the pressure switch 27 connects contacts 28 and 29 so that a voltage of a current source 30 is applied to the switching relay 26 of the actuator 8 .
  • a line L1 which also connects the current source 30 with the switching relay 25 of the actuator 5 , has three switches 31 , 32 , 33 .
  • a line section L2 is arranged parallel to the pressure switch 27 . All three switches of the line L1 are closed during normal operation, so that at the switching relay 25 also applies a voltage.
  • an increase of the air pressure in the space 1 during the first phase of action of the extinguishing agent causes the difference of the air pressure between the room 1 and the outdoor area exceeds a limit, for example, increases in the positive region, can be changed by a periodic switching the pressure switch 27 between the contacts 29 and 34 either selectively activates or deactivates the supply air or the exhaust air and in this way the air pressure in the space 1 are kept around a desired value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
EP12155651.8A 2011-04-05 2012-02-15 Procédé et dispositif pour le réglage de la pression de l'air dans un espace Withdrawn EP2508813A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011001805A DE102011001805A1 (de) 2011-04-05 2011-04-05 Verfahren sowie Vorrichtung zur Regelung eines Luftdrucks in einem Raum

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2508813A2 true EP2508813A2 (fr) 2012-10-10
EP2508813A3 EP2508813A3 (fr) 2013-05-29

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EP12155651.8A Withdrawn EP2508813A3 (fr) 2011-04-05 2012-02-15 Procédé et dispositif pour le réglage de la pression de l'air dans un espace

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EP (1) EP2508813A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE102011001805A1 (fr)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005023101A1 (de) 2005-05-13 2006-12-28 Minimax Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Einbringen eines Inertgases und Anlage zum Inertisieren

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006025212B4 (de) * 2006-05-29 2011-07-14 Minimax GmbH & Co. KG, 23843 Feuerlöschverfahren und Anlage zum Feuerlöschen in einem umschlossenen Raum
ES2549754T3 (es) * 2007-08-01 2015-11-02 Amrona Ag Dispositivo y procedimiento para la prevención de incendios y para la extinción de un incendio que se ha producido en una sala cerrada

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005023101A1 (de) 2005-05-13 2006-12-28 Minimax Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Einbringen eines Inertgases und Anlage zum Inertisieren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE202012102600U1 (de) 2012-09-05
DE102011001805A1 (de) 2012-10-11
EP2508813A3 (fr) 2013-05-29

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