EP2507812A1 - Sicherungsschalter für eine fahrzeugbatterie - Google Patents
Sicherungsschalter für eine fahrzeugbatterieInfo
- Publication number
- EP2507812A1 EP2507812A1 EP10779560A EP10779560A EP2507812A1 EP 2507812 A1 EP2507812 A1 EP 2507812A1 EP 10779560 A EP10779560 A EP 10779560A EP 10779560 A EP10779560 A EP 10779560A EP 2507812 A1 EP2507812 A1 EP 2507812A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- conductor elements
- state
- safety switch
- fuse
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
- H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
- H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuse switch a
- a fuse switch is known for example from DE 198 19 662 AI.
- Such a circuit breaker is used to electrically disconnect a vehicle battery in the event of a crash of a vehicle electrical system of the vehicle, so as to switch the electrical system voltage. This prevents a short-circuit current flowing through crimped cables, for example, which can lead to a fire. To interrupt a provided by the vehicle battery
- the two contact pieces each have the shape of a hollow cylinder closed on one side and are inserted into one another such that the contact pieces
- pyrotechnic device Completely enclose pyrotechnic device. Via the side walls of the hollow cylinder of the two contact pieces, a current can be conducted from a battery-side connection to an on-board connection. By igniting the pyrotechnic device is formed in the gas space, which through the two nested contact pieces
- Terminals of the fuse switch is interrupted.
- High-voltage battery are provided several 100 volts of electrical voltage. Such a high voltage is sufficient in itself to cause an arc when disconnecting contact pieces. To break an electrical connection between a high-voltage battery and a vehicle electrical system of a vehicle therefore contactors are used. These are
- the object is achieved by a safety switch for a vehicle battery to interrupt an electric
- the fuse switch according to the invention has two terminals, which in a connecting state of the
- Fuse switch are electrically connected together. In a second, interrupting state of
- Fuse switch is formed between the two terminals a separation distance.
- a propellant is ignitable and thereby a pressure in a gas space can be generated.
- two conductor elements are moved apart, so that forms the separation distance between the two conductor elements.
- the separation distance and the gas space are spatially separated from each other in the fuse switch according to the invention.
- Fuse switch a current in the connecting state of the fuse switch can be passed from one terminal to the other.
- the two conductor elements can be two separate bodies. But it can also be provided to provide an integrally formed conductor in the fuse switch, which is torn by the ignited propellant charge in the two conductor elements. An isolating distance of a switch is the one
- Conductor elements ie no smoke or hot gas in the region of the separation line, as it is generated by the propellant after ignition.
- the invention is the realization basis that the gas-smoke mixture of the propellant charge forming an arc in the region of the separation distance
- the electrically insulating means may be provided in an implementation of the invention by a solid, a liquid or a gas. In the event that the agent is a solid or a liquid, is in this development in the interrupting state of the
- Circuit breaker prevents an arc from running the shortest way between the two conductor elements.
- By extending an arc there is the advantage that a voltage drop across the separation distance is greater than in an arc extending directly over the shortest path between the two conductor elements.
- the agent is a gas
- By providing the electrically insulating means there is an advantage that a current of a current which continues to flow after opening the fuse switch can be reduced and a likelihood of the arc extinguishing is increased.
- the circuit breaker it can be provided that at least one of the two conductor elements is surrounded by an insulating means, in particular sand, and that by separating the conductor elements, the insulating means can get between the conductor elements.
- Arc could form, is displaced by the insulating means. This advantageously reduces the likelihood that an arc occurs when the conductor elements are disconnected. It may be provided that the insulating means after opening the
- Fuse switch volatilizes or consumes, so that it is no longer in the interrupting state between the separate conductor elements.
- the fuse switch according to the invention may also be provided in the connecting state of the fuse switch mechanically biased element, which is released by the separation of the conductor elements and in which an electrically insulating region of the element between the separate conductor elements is thereby moved.
- a mechanically biased element for moving an electrically insulating region of the element with a force caused by the mechanical prestressing force into the separation path, there is the advantage that the electrically insulating region can be forced into the separation path even if it is counteracted by a force, as can be caused by an interaction with an arc, for example.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the fuse switch according to the invention results when in the interrupting state of the fuse switch a plurality of
- the fuse switch for this purpose has a plurality of
- Connections can flow when an arc occurs in each of the separation lines. This can be effected in an advantageous manner that already by a small mechanical movement of the individual movable conductor elements
- Ladder elements are jointly displaced in the direction of the pressure. This results in an advantageous manner a particularly simple mechanical arrangement of the movable conductor elements, by means of which the plurality of separation sections can be formed.
- at least one of the spaced-apart conductor elements is a hollow cylinder and at least one of the movable conductor elements by means of the pressure in the
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a pyrotechnic switch according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 1B is a schematic illustration of a longitudinal section of the switch of FIG. 1A with the switch open;
- Fig. 2A is a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a second pyrotechnic switch according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2B is a schematic illustration of a longitudinal section of the switch of FIG. 2A with the switch open;
- Fig. 3A is a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a third pyrotechnic switch according to an embodiment of the invention Fuse switch, wherein the switch is closed;
- FIG. 3B is a schematic illustration of a longitudinal section of the switch of FIG. 3A with the switch open;
- 4A is a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a fourth pyrotechnic switch according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4B is a schematic illustration of a longitudinal section of the switch of FIG. 4A with the switch open;
- Fig. 5A is a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a fifth pyrotechnic switch according to an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 5B is a schematic illustration of a longitudinal section of the switch of Fig. 5A with the switch open;
- a pyrotechnic switch 10 is shown, which is installed in a passenger car.
- the switch 10 has a first terminal 12 over which the switch 10 does not contact a contactor in FIG. 1A represented high-voltage battery is electrically connected.
- a second terminal 14 one in Fig. 1A is not
- a connector 18 which is connected to the terminal 12th
- the connector 18 is electrically coupled.
- the connector 18 is one end of an electrically conductive rod 20.
- the rod 20 is held by the connector 18 by a metal spring by means of a clamping connection.
- the rod 20 is fixedly connected to a wall 22, which also consists of an electrically conductive material. On the wall 22 and the terminal 14 is attached.
- the connector 18 and a portion of the rod 20 are located in a chamber 24 which is filled with sand 26.
- a chamber 24 which is filled with sand 26.
- a plastic plate 28 with a hole through which the rod 20 is inserted.
- the propellant 30 includes two
- Ignition contacts 32, 33 to which an ignition voltage can be applied to ignite the propellant 30.
- the wall 22 belongs to a closure part 34 which separates a gas space 36 surrounding the propellant charge 30 from a space located to the right of the wall 22 in FIG. 1A.
- Locking part 34 has the shape of a one-sided
- the closure part 34 is movably mounted in the housing 16 and can be displaced in a direction 38 become.
- the closure member 34 is, however, through the
- the housing 16 further includes an orifice 40 through which air can flow from the housing 16 as the closure member 34 is moved along the direction 38.
- the two terminals 12 and 14 are electrically connected to each other via the connector 18, the rod 20 and the wall 22.
- the electric motor can be supplied with power from the high-voltage battery.
- Passenger car reliably decouple from the electric motor, so that no more current flows from the high-voltage battery to the electric motor. This will be explained below
- FIGS. 1A and 1B Illustrated in connection with FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- Passenger car detects a collision of the passenger car on a heavy obstacle.
- the crash sensor then causes a starting voltage to be provided between the contacts 32, 33 of the propellant charge 30. This ignites the propellant 30, whereupon it explodes.
- a hot gas-smoke mixture produced thereby by the propellant 30 increases a pressure in the gas space 36, which also acts on the wall 22.
- the wall 22 is thereby acted upon by a force in the direction 38.
- the force acting on the wall 22 is greater than the force exerted by the clamping connection in the connector 18 on the rod 20 in the direction 38 at most can. This makes it possible that the closure member 34 is set in motion by the pressure in the gas space 36 and the rod 20 is pulled out of the connector 18.
- FIG. 1B illustrates how a separation gap 42 has been formed between the rod 20 and the connector 18.
- the region of the separation section 42 is completely filled with sand 26.
- the sand 26 was damaged by gravity and during the impact of the passenger car on the
- the connector 18 may also be a
- Terminal 12 may be provided.
- the propellant 30 can then be effected that this cohesive connection is destroyed.
- a cohesive connection results in a further advantage that the switch in
- an electrically insulating agent may be used instead of or in addition to sand.
- another electrically insulating agent may be used.
- an electrically insulating agent may be used.
- an electrically insulating agent may be used.
- Liquid such as transformer oil, or such a gas, such as. B. Schweielhexafluorid (chemical formula: SF 6 ) can be used.
- plastic plate 28 is in the event that the formation of an arc is not prevented by the sand 26, an automatic extinction of the arc additionally favors.
- a pyrotechnic switch 44 is shown, which has a similar construction as the pyrotechnic switch 10 of FIGS. 1A and 1B. Therefore, in connection with Figs. 2A and 2B, only those will be described
- Switch 44 which correspond in their function components of the switch 10, painted variants of those
- the switch 44 is shown in FIG. 2A in a state in which it electrically connects a battery-side terminal 12 'to a load-side terminal 14'.
- a chamber 24 ' is also provided in the switch 44 in which a connector 18' and a rod 20 'are electrically connected to each other.
- the chamber 24 ' are further plastic plates 46 attached to a wall of the chamber 24'. The plastic plates 46 protrude into the chamber 24 'so far that they rest on the rod 20'. They are bent over in such a way that they are elastically deformed. In other words, those are
- Plastic plates 46 mechanically biased and are held in position by the rod 20 '.
- Fig. 2B the state of the switch 44 is shown as it after igniting a in Fig. 2A shown
- Propellant 30 ' has taken.
- the switch 44 changes from the state shown in FIG. 2A to the state shown in FIG. 2B in a manner similar to that in FIG.
- Fig. 2B it is shown how the rod 20 'has been partly pulled out of the chamber 24' by the ignition of the propellant charge 30 '. As a result, the plastic plates 46 have been released so that they due to their mechanical
- the plastic slats 46 can be chosen so large that they, as shown in Fig. 2B, from a wall of the chamber 24 ', to which they are attached to an opposite wall. A plastic latte 46 then forms a partition between the connector 18 'and the rod 20'.
- the plastic plates 46 may be alternately attached to opposite walls in the direction of a connecting line between the connector 18 'and the rod 20' as is the case with the switch 44, which can be seen in FIG. 2A. As a result, of the plastic plates 46 in the open state of the switch 44, a so-called
- Plastic plates 46 active erasure of the arc can be effected.
- plastic plates 46 can also others
- insulating materials such as ceramics, are used.
- such a ceramic plate may be part of a pivotable insulator which is pivotable, for example via a spring mechanism in the chamber 24 '.
- the springs of the spring mechanism are then similar to the elastically deformed ones
- Plastic latten 46 mechanically biased in the closed state of the switch 44.
- Figs. 3A and 3B is another pyrotechnic
- Switch 48 shown in two different states.
- the switch 48 has electrical connections 50, 52, via which the switch 48 can be connected to other electrical components.
- the switch 48 can be used in particular as a fuse for a high-voltage battery.
- a chamber 54 Between the two ports 50, 52 is a chamber 54. An interior 55 of the chamber 54 is filled with sand. In the chamber 54 are further sleeves 56, which are arranged coaxially with each other while not touching each other. The sleeves 56 are made of an electrically conductive material, such. As copper, aluminum or iron. Through the sleeves 56, a rod 58 is inserted, which is made of an electrically insulating material. The rod may for example consist of plastic or a ceramic. The rod 58 extends almost through the entire chamber 54 and is movably supported in a direction 60 along the axes of the sleeves 56.
- the rod 58 is surrounded at several points by rings 62, which consist of an electrically conductive material.
- rings 62 consist of an electrically conductive material.
- each ring 62 contacts two sleeves 56 in each case. This results in a series connection of the sleeves 56.
- the switch 48 further includes a propellant 64 with two firing contacts 66, 67. At the propellant 64 is adjacent to a gas space 68, in which a gas-smoke mixture of
- Propellant 64 urges when propellant 64 is ignited.
- One end of the rod 58 forms a wall 70 of the gas space 68.
- the switch 48 is shown in an electrically conductive state.
- a current flows from a high-voltage battery via the terminal 50 to an electric motor, which is coupled via a cable to the terminal 52.
- a crash sensor detects a crash and then causes an ignition voltage to be applied to the ignition contacts 66, 67. This ignites the Propellant 64, so that a gas-smoke mixture in the
- Gas space 68 is spreading. This increases a pressure in the gas space 68, which also exerts a force on the wall 70. This shifts the rod 58 in the direction 60. A volume of the gas space 48 is thereby increased.
- FIG. 4A and 4B A pyrotechnic switch similar to that of Figs. 1A and 1B is shown in Figs. 4A and 4B.
- Fig. 4A the switch is shown in a state in which terminals 12 '' and 14 '' of the switch are electrically connected to each other via an electrical conductor 74.
- the conductor 74 is integrally formed, for example as a rod.
- the conductor 74 is fixedly connected to a wall 22 '.
- the wall 22 ' which similarly to the wall 22 of the switch 10 defines a gas space 36, is not part of the
- the conductor 74 is partially surrounded by sand 26, as has already been described in connection with FIG. 1A.
- the conductor 74 has a mechanical predetermined breaking point 76. It can be formed for example by embossing the conductor 74 or by a laser cut.
- the electrical conductor 74 may also have a geometry of a fuse, e.g. a taper of a cross section of the electrical conductor 74.
- This section of the conductor 74 is preferably also surrounded by sand.
- a geometry of a fuse is of course possible in other embodiments of the fuse switch according to the invention.
- Fig. 4B the switch of Fig. 4A is shown in a state after ignition of a propellant charge 30 of the switch, which in its operation the propellant 30 of the
- Switch 10 corresponds.
- the electrical conductor 74 is severed at the predetermined breaking point 76. From the conductor 74 thereby two conductor sections 78 have arisen. Between these there is an isolating distance 42 'similar to the isolating distance 42 of the switch 10 in the open state.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B Shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B is a further pyrotechnic switch, the structure of which is comparable to the switch 10 of FIGS. 1A and 1B and the switch of FIGS. 4A and 4B.
- the switch of Figs. 5A and 5B an essential difference is that two terminals 12 '''and14'''' in the closed state of the switch, as shown in Fig. 5A, and in the open state, as in Fig. 5B are shown, each having the same relative position to each other. In other words, an external effect by the opening of the switch, so for example, a pushing out of the terminals 12 '''or14''', prevented.
- the terminal 14 '' ' is electrically coupled via a plug contact 80 with an electrical conductor 82, which is fixedly connected to a closure part 34 for a gas space 36.
- the closure member 34 and the gas space 36 correspond to those of the switch 10.
- the terminal 14 ''' also be coupled via a positive connection with the conductor 82. It can also be provided a cohesive connection or a predetermined breaking point, which breaks when the switch opens, so that the electrical conductor 82 with respect to terminal 14 '''can move freely.
- an external plug contact in the connection area can accommodate the movement of the electrical conductor 82.
- Separation process can act on a possible arc and thus the arc can be deleted quickly. By not having the propellant between two separable contacts, these contacts can optimally do so
- Voltage drop is caused by forcing multiple arcs, a deletion of the same can be effected by a sufficient number of separation distances.
Landscapes
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE200910056865 DE102009056865A1 (de) | 2009-12-03 | 2009-12-03 | Sicherungsschalter für eine Fahrzeugbatterie |
PCT/EP2010/067977 WO2011067132A1 (de) | 2009-12-03 | 2010-11-23 | Sicherungsschalter für eine fahrzeugbatterie |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2507812A1 true EP2507812A1 (de) | 2012-10-10 |
EP2507812B1 EP2507812B1 (de) | 2015-02-25 |
EP2507812B8 EP2507812B8 (de) | 2015-04-22 |
Family
ID=43536583
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20100779560 Not-in-force EP2507812B8 (de) | 2009-12-03 | 2010-11-23 | Sicherungsschalter für eine fahrzeugbatterie |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2507812B8 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102009056865A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2536549T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2011067132A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104723886B (zh) * | 2013-12-19 | 2017-06-16 | 观致汽车有限公司 | 用于车辆的连接装置、方法以及包括该装置的车辆 |
DE102014203424A1 (de) | 2014-02-26 | 2015-09-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Batteriesystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen |
US9755417B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2017-09-05 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | High voltage cutoff for electrified vehicles |
DE102014115396A1 (de) * | 2014-10-22 | 2014-12-18 | Peter Lell | Trennschalter für hohe Gleich- oder Wechselströme bei hohen Spannungen |
DE102016222339A1 (de) | 2016-11-15 | 2018-05-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Pyrotechnischer schalter und zwischenkreis-entladungssystem |
DE102017108404B4 (de) * | 2017-04-20 | 2020-06-18 | Webasto SE | Elektrische Heizeinrichtung |
DE102018203915A1 (de) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | Audi Ag | HV-Energiespeicher |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2505871A1 (de) * | 1975-02-12 | 1976-08-26 | Draloric Electronic | Elektrischer widerstand mit schmelzsicherung |
US4460886A (en) * | 1982-11-01 | 1984-07-17 | S&C Electric Company | Pressure-operated switch for a current-limiting, high-voltage interrupting module |
DE19819662A1 (de) | 1997-05-02 | 1998-11-12 | Ellenberger & Poensgen | Elektrischer Schalter zum Unterbrechen der Stromversorgung eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
DE19817133A1 (de) * | 1998-04-19 | 1999-10-28 | Lell Peter | Powerswitch |
EP1883091B1 (de) * | 2006-07-25 | 2010-12-29 | Autoliv Development AB | Pyromechanische Trennvorrichtung |
DE102007051504A1 (de) * | 2007-10-27 | 2009-04-30 | Daimler Ag | Sicherheitseinrichtung |
-
2009
- 2009-12-03 DE DE200910056865 patent/DE102009056865A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-11-23 WO PCT/EP2010/067977 patent/WO2011067132A1/de active Application Filing
- 2010-11-23 ES ES10779560.1T patent/ES2536549T3/es active Active
- 2010-11-23 EP EP20100779560 patent/EP2507812B8/de not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2011067132A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2507812B8 (de) | 2015-04-22 |
ES2536549T3 (es) | 2015-05-26 |
EP2507812B1 (de) | 2015-02-25 |
WO2011067132A1 (de) | 2011-06-09 |
DE102009056865A1 (de) | 2011-06-09 |
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