EP2504902A2 - Diagnosis of relays in a battery - Google Patents

Diagnosis of relays in a battery

Info

Publication number
EP2504902A2
EP2504902A2 EP10770520A EP10770520A EP2504902A2 EP 2504902 A2 EP2504902 A2 EP 2504902A2 EP 10770520 A EP10770520 A EP 10770520A EP 10770520 A EP10770520 A EP 10770520A EP 2504902 A2 EP2504902 A2 EP 2504902A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
relay
battery
battery system
output
controller
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10770520A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Armin Steck
Ralf Piscol
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Samsung SDI Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
SB LiMotive Germany GmbH
SB LiMotive Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH, SB LiMotive Germany GmbH, SB LiMotive Co Ltd filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2504902A2 publication Critical patent/EP2504902A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/52—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • Battery systems are used both in mobile applications such as be increasingly used in vehicles (hybrid or electric vehicles), as well as in stationary applications such as emergency power systems in the future. In this case, very high demands are placed on the reliability of the overall arrangement, since a failure of the battery can lead to failure of the entire system. In a vehicle consequence of such a failure of the drive battery would be a "lying down", but due to the high energy content and the high output voltage of the battery systems also safety-related aspects have to be considered.
  • relays are usually provided in series with the two battery poles. These relays must allow for repeated shutdown of a battery system under load according to applicable safety requirements, which represents a corresponding load of the relay because of the potentially high current flowing. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to diagnose the correct functioning of the relay.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a battery system having a plurality of battery cells connected in series between a first battery post and a second battery post, a first relay connected between the first battery post and a first output of the battery system. a second relay connected between the second battery and a second output of the battery system and a controller.
  • the battery system has a third relay, which is connected in series with a first resistor of predetermined size between the first battery terminal and the first output of the battery system and parallel to the first relay.
  • the controller is connected to the relays and configured to open or close the relays by outputting a respective control signal.
  • the third relay which is connected in series with the first resistor and together with it in parallel with the first relay, allows the correct operation of the first relay to be determined by optionally closing the first relay or the third relay and changing the resistance to the first one electrical behavior of the battery system is examined. If a relay does not close or open despite a corresponding control signal, this can be read off the resulting currents and voltages at the outputs of the battery system. For normal operation, of course, the first relay is closed to avoid loss of electrical energy to the first resistor and the associated heat generation.
  • the battery system has a voltage sensor connected between the first output of the battery system and the second output of the battery system, which is connected to the controller and configured to detect a voltage measurement value and to output it to the controller.
  • the controller can specify corresponding switching states of the relays for different error cases and evaluate the voltage measured value.
  • the controller is designed to open the relays and to output an error signal if the voltage measurement value is greater than a first threshold value. In this case, not all relays have opened, which is why the voltage of the battery cells is still applied to the battery outputs. Since this represents a safety-relevant error, an error signal is output.
  • the controller may also be configured to close at least one of the first and third relays and the second relay and output an error signal if the voltage reading is less than a second threshold is. In this case, not all controlled relays have closed, which is why the voltage of the battery cells is not applied to the battery outputs. The detected error is correspondingly indicated by an error signal.
  • the controller may also be configured to either close at least one of the first and third relays or the second relay and output an error signal if the voltage reading is greater than a third threshold. In particular, in combination with one of the previously described error cases can be narrowed in this way, which relay is exactly affected by the error.
  • the battery system can have a current sensor connected in series with the battery cells, which is connected to the controller and designed to detect a current measured value and to output it to the controller.
  • the current reading may also provide information about the correct functioning of the relays since current can only flow when the battery cells are connected to the battery outputs via the relays.
  • the controller is therefore designed to open at least one of the first and third relays or the second relay and to output an error signal if an amount of the current measurement value is greater than a fourth threshold value. In this case, the controlled relay has not opened, so that still a current flows, which is indicated by the error signal.
  • the controller is designed to detect a time profile of the voltage measured by the voltage sensor or of the current measured by the current sensor and to determine a time constant of the time profile. Since the time constant results essentially from the product of the capacity associated with the battery system (usually the input capacitance of the inverter in a motor vehicle) and the resistor connected in series with it, the determination of the actual time constant allowed to determine whether the charging current of the Capacitance over the first resistor flows or not, which in turn allows appropriate conclusions about the switching state of the first and third relay.
  • the time- Constant can be derived either from the current measurements or from the voltage measurements, but it is also conceivable in a battery system with both voltage and current sensor to reduce the measurement error of the individual measurements by both measurements are evaluated.
  • the battery system may include a fourth relay connected in series with a second resistor of predetermined size between the second battery post and the second output of the battery system and in parallel with the second relay.
  • the fourth relay allows the detection of further errors.
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle having an electric drive motor for driving the motor vehicle and a battery system connected to the electric drive motor according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the battery system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an overview of different error cases and their detection.
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the battery system according to the invention.
  • a plurality of battery cells 10 are used as energy storage in Series connected to produce a sufficiently high battery voltage UBATT ZU for the respective application.
  • a first relay 1 1 and a second relay 12 are provided, which can separate the battery cells from the battery outputs or connect them with them.
  • Parallel to the first relay 1 1, a second current path with a series connection of a third relay 13 and a resistor 14 is provided.
  • the third relay 13, together with the resistor 14, makes it possible to check the correct functioning of the relays 11, 12, 13 by specifying various switching states in a test procedure and measuring the resulting battery currents or voltages.
  • the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 has a voltage sensor 15 connected between the battery outputs and a current sensor 16 connected in series with the battery cells 10.
  • the overview shows seven error cases divided into five groups. For each error case is listed, which relay is controlled as, that is, which relay is closed by control signals and which should be open. It is also indicated which relay is presumed to be faulty, either "sticking", ie not yet opening in response to a corresponding control signal, or not being able to be closed, ie not responding to a corresponding control signal.
  • the current, voltage or time constants values to be expected in the event of correct functioning ("should") or malfunction (“is”) are plotted, so that the various error cases can be clearly distinguished from one another, so that all possible outputs are checked Error cases, the faulty relay and the nature of the malfunction can be determined.
  • the diagnosis of the relay preferably takes place before activating or after deactivating the battery system.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery system, comprising a plurality of battery cells (10), which are connected in series between a first battery pole and a second battery pole, a first relay (11) connected between the first battery pole and a first output of the battery system, a second relay (12) connected between the second battery pole and a second output of the battery system, and a controller. The battery system comprises a third relay (13), which is connected in series with a first resistor (14) having a predetermined size between the first battery pole and the first output of the battery system and is connected in parallel to the first relay (11). The controller is connected to the relays (11, 12, 13) and designed to open or close the relays (11, 12, 13) by means of outputting a respective control signal.

Description

Beschreibung Titel  Description title
Diagnose von Relais in einer Batterie Stand der Technik  Diagnosis of relays in a battery prior art
Batteriesysteme werden sowohl in mobilen Anwendungen wie z.B. in Fahrzeugen (Hybrid- oder Elektrofahrzeugen), als auch in stationären Anwendungen wie in Notstromsystemen in Zukunft vermehrt zum Einsatz kommen. Dabei werden sehr hohe Anforderungen bezüglich der Zuverlässigkeit der Gesamtanordnung gestellt, da ein Ausfall der Batterie zu einem Ausfalls des Gesamtsystems führen kann. Bei einem Fahrzeug wäre Konsequenz eines solchen Ausfalls der Antriebsbatterie ein„Liegenbleiber", jedoch sind aufgrund des hohen Energiegehaltes und der hohen Ausgangsspannung der Batteriesysteme auch sicherheitsrelevante Aspekte zu berücksichtigen. Battery systems are used both in mobile applications such as be increasingly used in vehicles (hybrid or electric vehicles), as well as in stationary applications such as emergency power systems in the future. In this case, very high demands are placed on the reliability of the overall arrangement, since a failure of the battery can lead to failure of the entire system. In a vehicle consequence of such a failure of the drive battery would be a "lying down", but due to the high energy content and the high output voltage of the battery systems also safety-related aspects have to be considered.
Um das Batteriesystem von den angeschlossenen Verbrauchern, z.B. einem Fahrzeugbordnetz, zu trennen, werden in der Regel Relais in Reihe zu den beiden Batteriepolen vorgesehen. Diese Relais müssen nach geltenden Sicherheitsanforderungen das mehrmalige Abschalten eines Batteriesystems unter Last ermöglichen, was wegen des potentiell hohen fließenden Stromes eine entsprechende Belastung der Relais darstellt. Daher ist es wünschenswert, das korrekte Funktionieren der Relais diagnostizieren zu können. To connect the battery system from the connected consumers, e.g. a vehicle electrical system to be disconnected, relays are usually provided in series with the two battery poles. These relays must allow for repeated shutdown of a battery system under load according to applicable safety requirements, which represents a corresponding load of the relay because of the potentially high current flowing. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to diagnose the correct functioning of the relay.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Daher führt ein erster Aspekt der Erfindung ein Batteriesystem mit einer Mehrzahl von Batteriezellen, welche in Reihe zwischen einen ersten Batteriepol und einen zweiten Batteriepol geschaltet sind, einem zwischen den ersten Batteriepol und einen ersten Ausgang des Batteriesystems geschalteten ersten Relais, ei- nem zwischen den zweiten Batteriepol und einen zweiten Ausgang des Batteriesystems geschalteten zweiten Relais und einem Controller ein. Erfindungsgemäß weist das Batteriesystem ein drittes Relais auf, welches in Serie zu einem ersten Widerstand vorbestimmter Größe zwischen den ersten Batteriepol und den ersten Ausgang des Batteriesystems und parallel zum ersten Relais geschaltet ist. Der Controller ist mit den Relais verbunden und ausgebildet, die Relais durch Ausgeben eines jeweiligen Steuersignals zu öffnen oder zu schließen. Therefore, a first aspect of the invention provides a battery system having a plurality of battery cells connected in series between a first battery post and a second battery post, a first relay connected between the first battery post and a first output of the battery system. a second relay connected between the second battery and a second output of the battery system and a controller. According to the invention, the battery system has a third relay, which is connected in series with a first resistor of predetermined size between the first battery terminal and the first output of the battery system and parallel to the first relay. The controller is connected to the relays and configured to open or close the relays by outputting a respective control signal.
Das dritte Relais, welches in Serie mit dem ersten Widerstand und zusammen mit diesem parallel zum ersten Relais geschaltet ist, erlaubt es das korrekte Funktionieren des ersten Relais zu bestimmen, indem wahlweise das erste Relais oder das dritte Relais geschlossen und das wegen des ersten Widerstandes unterschiedliche elektrische Verhalten des Batteriesystems untersucht wird. Schließt oder öffnet ein Relais trotz entsprechenden Steuersignals nicht, kann dies an den resultierenden Strömen und Spannungen an den Ausgängen des Batteriesystems abgelesen werden. Für den normalen Betrieb wird selbstredend das erste Relais geschlossen, um einen Verlust elektrischer Energie an dem ersten Widerstand und die damit verbundene Hitzeentstehung zu vermeiden. The third relay, which is connected in series with the first resistor and together with it in parallel with the first relay, allows the correct operation of the first relay to be determined by optionally closing the first relay or the third relay and changing the resistance to the first one electrical behavior of the battery system is examined. If a relay does not close or open despite a corresponding control signal, this can be read off the resulting currents and voltages at the outputs of the battery system. For normal operation, of course, the first relay is closed to avoid loss of electrical energy to the first resistor and the associated heat generation.
Bevorzugt besitzt das Batteriesystem einen zwischen den ersten Ausgang des Batteriesystems und den zweiten Ausgang des Batteriesystems geschalteten Spannungssensor, welcher mit dem Controller verbunden und ausgebildet ist, einen Spannungsmesswert zu erfassen und an den Controller auszugeben. Der Controller kann hierbei für verschiedenen Fehlerfälle entsprechende Schaltzustände der Relais vorgeben und den Spannungsmesswert auswerten. Preferably, the battery system has a voltage sensor connected between the first output of the battery system and the second output of the battery system, which is connected to the controller and configured to detect a voltage measurement value and to output it to the controller. In this case, the controller can specify corresponding switching states of the relays for different error cases and evaluate the voltage measured value.
Besonders bevorzugt ist der Controller ausgebildet, die Relais zu öffnen und ein Fehlersignal auszugeben, wenn der Spannungsmesswert größer als ein erster Schwellwert ist. In diesem Fall haben sich nicht alle Relais geöffnet, weshalb die Spannung der Batteriezellen immer noch an den Batterieausgängen anliegt. Da dies einen sicherheitsrelevanten Fehlerfall darstellt, wird ein Fehlersignal ausgegeben. Particularly preferably, the controller is designed to open the relays and to output an error signal if the voltage measurement value is greater than a first threshold value. In this case, not all relays have opened, which is why the voltage of the battery cells is still applied to the battery outputs. Since this represents a safety-relevant error, an error signal is output.
Der Controller kann außerdem ausgebildet sein, wenigstens eines des ersten und des dritten Relais sowie das zweite Relais zu schließen und ein Fehlersignal auszugeben, wenn der Spannungsmesswert kleiner als ein zweiter Schwellwert ist. In diesem Fall haben sich nicht alle angesteuerten Relais geschlossen, weshalb die Spannung der Batteriezellen nicht an den Batterieausgängen anliegt. Der erkannte Fehler wird entsprechend durch ein Fehlersignal angezeigt. Der Controller kann außerdem ausgebildet sein, entweder wenigstens eines des ersten und des dritten Relais oder das zweite Relais zu schließen und ein Fehlersignal auszugeben, wenn der Spannungsmesswert größer als ein dritter Schwellwert ist. Insbesondere in Kombination mit einem der vorhergehend beschriebenen Fehlerfälle lässt sich auf diese Weise eingrenzen, welches Relais genau von dem Fehler betroffen ist. The controller may also be configured to close at least one of the first and third relays and the second relay and output an error signal if the voltage reading is less than a second threshold is. In this case, not all controlled relays have closed, which is why the voltage of the battery cells is not applied to the battery outputs. The detected error is correspondingly indicated by an error signal. The controller may also be configured to either close at least one of the first and third relays or the second relay and output an error signal if the voltage reading is greater than a third threshold. In particular, in combination with one of the previously described error cases can be narrowed in this way, which relay is exactly affected by the error.
Das Batteriesystem kann alternativ oder zusätzlich zu dem Spannungssensor über einen mit den Batteriezellen in Serie geschalteten Stromsensor verfügen, welcher mit dem Controller verbunden und ausgebildet ist, einen Strommesswert zu erfassen und an den Controller auszugeben. Der Strommesswert kann ebenfalls Aufschlüsse über das korrekte Funktionieren der Relais bieten, da ein Strom nur fließen kann, wenn die Batteriezellen mit den Batterieausgängen über die Relais verbunden sind. Besonders bevorzugt ist der Controller daher ausgebildet, wenigstens eines der ersten und dritten Relais oder das zweite Relais zu öffnen und ein Fehlersignal auszugeben, wenn ein Betrag des Strommesswertes größer als ein vierter Schwellwert ist. In diesem Fall hat sich das angesteuerte Relais nicht geöffnet, so dass immer noch ein Strom fließt, was durch das Fehlersignal angezeigt wird. As an alternative or in addition to the voltage sensor, the battery system can have a current sensor connected in series with the battery cells, which is connected to the controller and designed to detect a current measured value and to output it to the controller. The current reading may also provide information about the correct functioning of the relays since current can only flow when the battery cells are connected to the battery outputs via the relays. Particularly preferably, the controller is therefore designed to open at least one of the first and third relays or the second relay and to output an error signal if an amount of the current measurement value is greater than a fourth threshold value. In this case, the controlled relay has not opened, so that still a current flows, which is indicated by the error signal.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit Spannungssensor und/oder Stromsensor ist der Controller ausgebildet, einen zeitlichen Verlauf der vom Spannungssensor gemessenen Spannung bzw. des vom Stromsensor gemessenen Stromes zu erfassen und eine Zeitkonstante des zeitlichen Verlaufs zu bestimmen. Da die Zeitkonstante sich im wesentlichen aus dem Produkt der mit dem Batteriesystem verbundenen Kapazität (in einem Kraftfahrzeug gewöhnlich die Eingangskapazität des Wechselrichters) und des mit dieser in Serie geschalteten Widerstandes ergibt, erlaubt es die Bestimmung der tatsächlich gegebenen Zeitkonstante zu bestimmen, ob der Aufladestrom der Kapazität über den ersten Widerstand fließt oder nicht, was wiederum entsprechende Rückschlüsse auf den Schaltzustand des ersten und dritten Relais zulässt. Die Zeit- konstante kann entweder aus den Strommesswerten oder aus den Spannungsmesswerten abgeleitet werden, es ist bei einem Batteriesystem mit sowohl Spannungs- als auch Stromsensor jedoch auch vorstellbar, den Messfehler der Einzelmessungen zu reduzieren, indem beide Messungen ausgewertet werden. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention with a voltage sensor and / or current sensor, the controller is designed to detect a time profile of the voltage measured by the voltage sensor or of the current measured by the current sensor and to determine a time constant of the time profile. Since the time constant results essentially from the product of the capacity associated with the battery system (usually the input capacitance of the inverter in a motor vehicle) and the resistor connected in series with it, the determination of the actual time constant allowed to determine whether the charging current of the Capacitance over the first resistor flows or not, which in turn allows appropriate conclusions about the switching state of the first and third relay. The time- Constant can be derived either from the current measurements or from the voltage measurements, but it is also conceivable in a battery system with both voltage and current sensor to reduce the measurement error of the individual measurements by both measurements are evaluated.
Prinzipiell können auch mehr Relais vorgesehen sein, welche sich in entsprechender Weise überprüfen lassen. So kann das Batteriesystem ein viertes Relais aufweisen, welches in Serie zu einem zweiten Widerstand vorbestimmter Größe zwischen den zweiten Batteriepol und den zweiten Ausgang des Batteriesystems und parallel zum zweiten Relais geschaltet ist. Das vierte Relais ermöglicht die Erkennung von weiteren Fehlerfällen. Hierbei kann es vorteilhaft sein, den Widerstandswert des zweiten Widerstandes anders zu wählen als den des ersten Widerstandes, wodurch sich die beiden Widerstände bei entsprechenden Strom- und/oder Spannungsmessungen voneinander unterscheiden lassen. In principle, more relays can be provided, which can be checked in a corresponding manner. Thus, the battery system may include a fourth relay connected in series with a second resistor of predetermined size between the second battery post and the second output of the battery system and in parallel with the second relay. The fourth relay allows the detection of further errors. In this case, it may be advantageous to choose the resistance value of the second resistor differently than that of the first resistor, as a result of which the two resistors can be distinguished from one another with corresponding current and / or voltage measurements.
Ein zweiter Erfindungsaspekt betrifft ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem elektrischen Antriebsmotor zum Antreiben des Kraftfahrzeuges und einem mit dem elektrischen Antriebsmotor verbundenen Batteriesystem gemäß dem ersten Erfindungsaspekt. A second aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle having an electric drive motor for driving the motor vehicle and a battery system connected to the electric drive motor according to the first aspect of the invention.
Kurze Beschreibung der Abbildungen Brief description of the illustrations
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand von Abbildungen näher beschrieben. Es zeigen: The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to figures. Show it:
Fig. 1 ein Blockdiagramm einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriesystems; und Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the battery system according to the invention; and
Fig. 2 eine Übersicht über verschiedenen Fehlerfälle und deren Detektion. Fig. 2 is an overview of different error cases and their detection.
Detaillierte Beschreibung der Abbildungen Detailed description of the pictures
Fig. 1 zeigt ein Blockdiagramm einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Batteriesystems. Eine Mehrzahl von Batteriezellen 10 sind als Energiespeicher in Serie geschaltet, um eine für die jeweilige Anwendung hinreichend hohe Batteriespannung UBATT ZU erzeugen. An den beiden Polen der seriengeschalteten Batteriezellen sind ein erstes Relais 1 1 bzw. ein zweites Relais 12 vorgesehen, welche die Batteriezellen von den Batterieausgängen abtrennen oder sie mit diesen verbinden können. Parallel zum ersten Relais 1 1 ist ein zweiter Strompfad mit einer Serienschaltung eines dritten Relais 13 und einem Widerstand 14 vorgesehen. Wie bereits erläutert, erlaubt es das dritte Relais 13 zusammen mit dem Widerstand 14, das korrekte Funktionieren der Relais 1 1 , 12, 13 zu prüfen, indem in einer Testprozedur verschiedene Schaltzustände vorgegeben und die resultierenden Batterieströme bzw. -Spannungen gemessen werden. Dazu weist das Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 einen zwischen die Batterieausgänge geschalteten Spannungssensor 15 und einen mit dem Batteriezellen 10 in Serie geschalteten Stromsensor 16 auf. Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the battery system according to the invention. A plurality of battery cells 10 are used as energy storage in Series connected to produce a sufficiently high battery voltage UBATT ZU for the respective application. At the two poles of the series-connected battery cells, a first relay 1 1 and a second relay 12 are provided, which can separate the battery cells from the battery outputs or connect them with them. Parallel to the first relay 1 1, a second current path with a series connection of a third relay 13 and a resistor 14 is provided. As already explained, the third relay 13, together with the resistor 14, makes it possible to check the correct functioning of the relays 11, 12, 13 by specifying various switching states in a test procedure and measuring the resulting battery currents or voltages. For this purpose, the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 has a voltage sensor 15 connected between the battery outputs and a current sensor 16 connected in series with the battery cells 10.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine Übersicht über verschiedenen Fehlerfälle und deren Detektion. Die Übersicht zeigt sieben in fünf Gruppen unterteilte Fehlerfälle. Für jeden Fehlerfall ist aufgeführt, welches Relais wie angesteuert wird, d.h., welches Relais durch Steuersignale geschlossen und welches geöffnet sein soll. Außerdem ist angegeben, welches Relais mutmaßlich fehlerhaft ist, und zwar entweder„kleben bleibt", d.h., sich auf ein entsprechendes Steuersignal hin dennoch nicht öffnet, oder aber nicht schließbar ist, d.h. sich auf ein entsprechendes Steuersignal hin dennoch nicht schließt. In einem vierten Teil der Übersicht sind die bei korrektem Funktionieren („soll") bzw. Fehlfunktion („ist") zu erwartenden Strom-, Span- nungs- oder Zeitkonstantenwerte aufgetragen. Die verschiedenen Fehlerfälle lassen sich somit voneinander eindeutig unterscheiden, so dass bei Prüfen aller möglichen Fehlerfälle das fehlerhafte Relais und die Art der Fehlfunktion bestimmt werden kann. Die Diagnose der Relais findet bevorzugt vor dem Aktivieren bzw. nach dem Deaktivieren des Batteriesystems statt. 2 shows an overview of different error cases and their detection. The overview shows seven error cases divided into five groups. For each error case is listed, which relay is controlled as, that is, which relay is closed by control signals and which should be open. It is also indicated which relay is presumed to be faulty, either "sticking", ie not yet opening in response to a corresponding control signal, or not being able to be closed, ie not responding to a corresponding control signal As part of the overview, the current, voltage or time constants values to be expected in the event of correct functioning ("should") or malfunction ("is") are plotted, so that the various error cases can be clearly distinguished from one another, so that all possible outputs are checked Error cases, the faulty relay and the nature of the malfunction can be determined.The diagnosis of the relay preferably takes place before activating or after deactivating the battery system.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1 . Ein Batteriesystem mit einer Mehrzahl von Batteriezellen (10), welche in Reihe zwischen einen ersten Batteriepol und einen zweiten Batteriepol geschaltet sind, einem zwischen den ersten Batteriepol und einen ersten Ausgang des Batteriesystems geschalteten ersten Relais (1 1 ), einem zwischen den zweiten Batteriepol und einen zweiten Ausgang des Batteriesystems geschalteten zweiten Relais (12) und einem Controller, gekennzeichnet durch ein drittes Relais (13), welches in Serie zu einem ersten Widerstand (14) vorbestimmter Größe zwischen den ersten Batteriepol und den ersten Ausgang des Batteriesystems und parallel zum ersten Relais (1 1 ) geschaltet ist, wobei der Controller mit den Relais (1 1 , 12, 13) verbunden und ausgebildet ist, die Relais (1 1 , 12, 13) durch Ausgeben eines jeweiligen Steuersignals zu öffnen oder zu schließen. 1 . A battery system having a plurality of battery cells (10) connected in series between a first battery terminal and a second battery terminal, a first relay (11) connected between the first battery terminal and a first output of the battery system, one between the second battery terminal and a second output of the battery system connected second relay (12) and a controller, characterized by a third relay (13) connected in series with a first resistor (14) of predetermined size between the first battery and the first output of the battery system and parallel to the first Relay (1 1) is connected, wherein the controller with the relay (1 1, 12, 13) is connected and adapted to open the relays (1 1, 12, 13) by outputting a respective control signal or close.
Das Batteriesystem von Anspruch 1 , mit einem zwischen den ersten Ausgang des Batteriesystems und den zweiten Ausgang des Batteriesystems geschalteten Spannungssensor (15), welcher mit dem Controller verbunden und ausgebildet ist, einen Spannungsmesswert zu erfassen und an den Controller auszugeben. The battery system of claim 1, comprising a voltage sensor (15) connected between the first output of the battery system and the second output of the battery system, connected to the controller and configured to detect and output a voltage reading to the controller.
Das Batteriesystem von Anspruch 2, bei dem der Controller ausgebildet ist, die Relais (1 1 , 12, 13) zu öffnen und ein Fehlersignal auszugeben, wenn der Spannungsmesswert größer als ein erster Schwellwert ist. The battery system of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to open the relays (1 1, 12, 13) and output an error signal if the voltage reading is greater than a first threshold.
4. Das Batteriesystem von einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, bei dem der Controller ausgebildet ist, wenigstens eines des ersten Relais (1 1 ) und des dritten Relais (13) sowie das zweite Relais (12) zu schließen und ein Fehlersignal auszugeben, wenn der Spannungsmesswert kleiner als ein zweiter Schwellwert ist. Das Batteriesystem von einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, bei dem der Controller ausgebildet ist, entweder wenigstens eines des ersten Relais (1 1 ) und des dritten Relais (13) oder das zweite Relais (12) zu schließen und ein Fehlersignal auszugeben, wenn der Spannungsmesswert größer als ein dritter Schwellwert ist. The battery system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the controller is configured to close at least one of the first relay (1 1) and the third relay (13) and the second relay (12) and output an error signal when the voltage reading is less than a second threshold. The battery system of any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the controller is configured to close either at least one of the first relay (1 1) and the third relay (13) or the second relay (12) and output an error signal when the Voltage reading is greater than a third threshold.
Das Batteriesystem von einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einem mit den Batteriezellen (10) in Serie geschalteten Stromsensor (16), welcher mit dem Controller verbunden und ausgebildet ist, einen Strommesswert zu erfassen und an den Controller auszugeben. The battery system of any of the preceding claims, comprising a current sensor (16) connected in series with the battery cells (10), connected to the controller and configured to detect and output a current reading to the controller.
Das Batteriesystem von Anspruch 6, bei dem der Controller ausgebildet ist, wenigstens eines der ersten Relais (1 1 ) und dritten Relais (13) oder das zweite Relais (12) zu öffnen und ein Fehlersignal auszugeben, wenn ein Betrag des Strom messwertes größer als ein vierter Schwellwert ist. The battery system of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to open at least one of the first relay (1 1) and third relay (13) or the second relay (12) and output an error signal when an amount of current reading is greater than is a fourth threshold.
Das Batteriesystem von einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, bei dem der Controller ausgebildet ist, einen zeitlichen Verlauf der vom Spannungssensor (15) gemessenen Spannung bzw. des vom Stromsensor (16) gemessenen Stromes zu erfassen und eine Zeitkonstante des zeitlichen Verlaufs zu bestimmen. The battery system of any of claims 2 to 6, wherein the controller is configured to detect a time course of the voltage measured by the voltage sensor (15) or the current measured by the current sensor (16) and to determine a time constant of the time course.
Das Batteriesystem von einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einem vierten Relais, welches in Serie zu einem zweiten Widerstand vorbestimmter Größe zwischen den zweiten Batteriepol und den zweiten Ausgang des Batteriesystems und parallel zum zweiten Relais (12) geschaltet ist. The battery system of any one of the preceding claims, including a fourth relay connected in series with a second resistor of predetermined magnitude between the second battery post and the second output of the battery system and in parallel with the second relay (12).
Ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem elektrischen Antriebsmotor zum Antreiben des Kraftfahrzeuges und einem mit dem elektrischen Antriebsmotor verbundenen Batteriesystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche. A motor vehicle having an electric drive motor for driving the motor vehicle and a battery system connected to the electric drive motor according to one of the preceding claims.
EP10770520A 2009-11-25 2010-09-27 Diagnosis of relays in a battery Withdrawn EP2504902A2 (en)

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