DE102010041024A1 - Method for replacing battery cells during operation - Google Patents
Method for replacing battery cells during operation Download PDFInfo
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- DE102010041024A1 DE102010041024A1 DE102010041024A DE102010041024A DE102010041024A1 DE 102010041024 A1 DE102010041024 A1 DE 102010041024A1 DE 102010041024 A DE102010041024 A DE 102010041024A DE 102010041024 A DE102010041024 A DE 102010041024A DE 102010041024 A1 DE102010041024 A1 DE 102010041024A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Es wird ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Batterie mit einer Mehrzahl von in Serie geschalteten Batteriemodulen (40, 60) eingeführt. Jedes Batteriemodul (40, 60) besitzt eine Koppeleinheit (30, 50) und wenigstens eine, zwischen Eingänge (31, 51; 32, 52) der Koppeleinheit (30, 50) geschaltete Batteriezelle (11) umfasst. In einem ersten Schritt werden eine defekte Batteriezelle (11) und das die defekte Batteriezelle (11) enthaltende Batteriemodul (40, 60) detektiert. Daraufhin wird die defekte Batteriezelle (11) durch Ausgeben eines entsprechenden Steuersignales an die Koppeleinheit (30, 50) des detektierten Batteriemoduls (40, 60) deaktiviert und das detektierte Batteriemodul (40, 60) ausgangsseitig überbrückt. Nach dem Ankoppeln einer funktionsfähigen Batteriezelle (11) an das detektierte Batteriemodul (40, 60) wird das ausgangsseitige Überbrücken des detektierten Batteriemoduls (40, 60) beendet. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem eine Batterie, welche ausgebildet ist, das Verfahren auszuführen, und ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer solchen Batterie.A method for operating a battery with a plurality of battery modules (40, 60) connected in series is introduced. Each battery module (40, 60) has a coupling unit (30, 50) and comprises at least one battery cell (11) connected between inputs (31, 51; 32, 52) of the coupling unit (30, 50). In a first step, a defective battery cell (11) and the battery module (40, 60) containing the defective battery cell (11) are detected. The defective battery cell (11) is then deactivated by outputting a corresponding control signal to the coupling unit (30, 50) of the detected battery module (40, 60) and the detected battery module (40, 60) is bridged on the output side. After coupling a functional battery cell (11) to the detected battery module (40, 60), the bridging of the detected battery module (40, 60) on the output side is ended. The invention also relates to a battery which is designed to carry out the method and to a motor vehicle with such a battery.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Austausch von Batteriezellen einer Batterie während des Betriebes.The present invention relates to a method for replacing battery cells of a battery during operation.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es zeichnet sich ab, dass in Zukunft sowohl bei stationären Anwendungen, als auch bei Fahrzeugen wie Hybrid- und Elektrofahrzeugen vermehrt Batteriesysteme zum Einsatz kommen werden. Um die für eine jeweilige Anwendung gegebenen Anforderungen an Spannung und zur Verfügung stellbarer Leistung erfüllen zu können, werden eine hohe Zahl von Batteriezellen in Serie geschaltet. Da der von einer solchen Batterie bereitgestellte Strom durch alle Batteriezellen fließen muss und eine Batteriezelle nur einen begrenzten Strom leiten kann, werden oft zusätzlich Batteriezellen parallel geschaltet, um den maximalen Strom zu erhöhen. Dies kann entweder durch Vorsehen von mehreren Zellwickeln innerhalb eines Batteriezellengehäuses oder durch externes Verschalten von Batteriezellen geschehen.It is becoming apparent that in the future, battery systems will increasingly be used both in stationary applications and in vehicles such as hybrid and electric vehicles. In order to meet the voltage and available power requirements of a particular application, a large number of battery cells are connected in series. Since the power provided by such a battery must flow through all the battery cells and a battery cell can only conduct a limited current, battery cells are often additionally connected in parallel in order to increase the maximum current. This can be done either by providing multiple cell wraps within a battery cell housing or by externally interconnecting battery cells.
Das Prinzipschaltbild eines üblichen elektrischen Antriebssystems, wie es beispielsweise in Elektro- und Hybrid-Fahrzeugen oder auch in stationären Anwendungen wie bei der Rotorblattverstellung von Windkraftanlagen zum Einsatz kommt, ist in
Problematisch ist, dass in realen Anwendungen eine hohe Batteriespannung gefordert wird, weshalb eine hohe Anzahl von Batteriezellen in Serie geschaltet werden muss, gleichzeitig jedoch die Gefahr eines Ausfalles der Gesamtanordnung mit der Anzahl der seriengeschalteten Batteriezellen steigt, weil bereits eine einzige defekte Batteriezelle den Stromfluss aufgrund der Serienschaltung unterbinden kann. Da Batteriesysteme, wie oben erwähnt, in sicherheitsrelevanten Anwendungen eingesetzt werden, werden entsprechend hohe Anforderungen an die Zuverlässigkeit und die Verfügbarkeit des Batteriesystems gestellt. Unter Zuverlässigkeit versteht man die Fähigkeit eines Systems, für eine vorgegebene Zeit korrekt zu arbeiten. Die Verfügbarkeit ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, ein reparierbares System zu einem vorgegebenen Zeitpunkt in einem funktionsfähigen Zustand vorzufinden.The problem is that in real applications, a high battery voltage is required, which is why a high number of battery cells must be connected in series, but at the same time the risk of failure of the overall arrangement with the number of series-connected battery cells increases, because even a single defective battery cell, the current flow can inhibit the series connection. Since battery systems, as mentioned above, are used in safety-relevant applications, correspondingly high demands are placed on the reliability and the availability of the battery system. Reliability is the ability of a system to operate correctly for a given time. Availability is the likelihood of finding a repairable system in a working state at a given time.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Erfindungsgemäß wird daher ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Batterie mit einer Mehrzahl von in Serie geschalteten Batteriemodulen, wobei jedes Batteriemodul eine Koppeleinheit und wenigstens eine zwischen einen ersten Eingang und einen zweiten Eingang der Koppeleinheit geschaltete Batteriezelle umfasst, eingeführt. Das Verfahren weist wenigstens die folgenden Schritte auf:
Detektieren einer defekten Batteriezelle und desjenigen Batteriemoduls, welches die defekte Batteriezelle enthält;
Abkoppeln der defekten Batteriezelle durch Ausgeben eines entsprechenden Steuersignales an die Koppeleinheit des detektierten Batteriemoduls;
ausgangsseitiges Überbrücken des detektierten Batteriemoduls;
Ankoppeln einer funktionsfähigen Batteriezelle an das detektierte Batteriemodul; und
Beendendes ausgangsseitigen Überbrückens des detektierten Batteriemoduls durch Beenden des Ausgebens des entsprechenden Steuersignals an die Koppeleinheit des detektierten Batteriemoduls.The invention therefore provides a method for operating a battery having a plurality of series-connected battery modules, each battery module comprising a coupling unit and at least one battery cell connected between a first input and a second input of the coupling unit. The method has at least the following steps:
Detecting a defective battery cell and that battery module containing the defective battery cell;
Decoupling the defective battery cell by outputting a corresponding control signal to the coupling unit of the detected battery module;
output bridging of the detected battery module;
Coupling a functional battery cell to the detected battery module; and
Terminating the output side bridging of the detected battery module by terminating the Outputting the corresponding control signal to the coupling unit of the detected battery module.
Die Erfindung besitzt den Vorteil, dass eine defekte Batteriezelle detektiert und von der Serienschaltung der Batteriezellen der Batterie abgekoppelt werden kann, so dass die verbleibenden funktionsfähigen Batteriezellen weiter als Batterie eine Ausgangsspannung zur Verfügung stellen können. Anschließend können eine funktionsfähige Batteriezelle an das Batteriemodul mit der defekten Batteriezelle angekoppelt und die Abkopplung des Batteriemoduls beendet werden. Die Erfindung ermöglicht es so, die Batterie und eine von der Batterie versorgte oder unterstützte Vorrichtung trotz des tatsächlichen oder bevorstehenden Defektes einer Batteriezelle weiterzubetreiben und die Batterie im Betrieb zu reparieren, wodurch Zuverlässigkeit und Verfügbarkeit stark gesteigert werden.The invention has the advantage that a defective battery cell can be detected and decoupled from the series connection of the battery cells of the battery, so that the remaining functional battery cells can continue to provide an output voltage as a battery. Subsequently, a functional battery cell can be coupled to the battery module with the defective battery cell and the decoupling of the battery module can be terminated. The invention thus makes it possible to continue to drive the battery and a device supplied or supported by the battery in spite of the actual or imminent defect of a battery cell and to repair the battery during operation, whereby reliability and availability are greatly increased.
Das Verfahren kann einen zusätzlichen Schritt des Entfernens der abgekoppelten defekten Batteriezelle aufweisen. Diese Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bietet den Vorteil, dass defekte Batteriezellen beliebig oft ausgewechselt werden können, ohne das Volumen der Batterie zu erhöhen.The method may include an additional step of removing the disconnected defective battery cell. This variant of the method according to the invention offers the advantage that defective battery cells can be replaced as often as desired without increasing the volume of the battery.
Der Schritt des Detektierens der defekten Batteriezelle beinhaltet bevorzugt einen Schritt des Bestimmens eines Alterungszustandes der Batteriezellen und einen Schritt des Vergleichens des bestimmten Alterungszustandes mit einem vorbestimmten maximalen Alterungszustand. Eine Batteriezelle wird hierbei als defekt angesehen, wenn ihr Alterungszustand größer als der vorbestimmte maximale Alterungszustand ist. Diese Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bietet den Vorteil, dass von einem Ausfall bedrohte Batteriezellen frühzeitig erkannt und bereits vor dem Ausfall die Maßnahmen für den unterbrechungsfreien Weiterbetrieb des Verfahrens ergriffen werden können. Generell ist im Rahmen der Erfindung unter einer „defekten Batteriezelle” auch eine bereits über eine bestimmte Alterung hinaus gealterte Batteriezelle gemeint.The step of detecting the defective battery cell preferably includes a step of determining an aging condition of the battery cells and a step of comparing the determined aging condition with a predetermined maximum aging condition. A battery cell is considered to be defective if its aging state is greater than the predetermined maximum aging state. This variant of the method according to the invention offers the advantage that battery cells threatened by a failure can be detected early and the measures for uninterrupted further operation of the method can be taken before the failure. In general, the term "defective battery cell" in the context of the invention also refers to a battery cell that has already aged beyond a specific aging.
Der Schritt des Bestimmens des Alterungszustandes der Batteriezellen kann insbesondere Schritte des Bestimmens eines Batteriestroms, einer Batteriezellspannung und einer Batteriezelltemperatur umfassen. Diese charakteristischen Parameter von Batteriezellen lassen eine Schätzung des Alterungszustandes von Batteriezellen zu, wofür im Stand der Technik zahlreiche Verfahren bekannt sind, welche sich im Rahmen des Verfahrens der Erfindung einsetzen lassen.In particular, the step of determining the aging condition of the battery cells may include steps of determining a battery current, a battery cell voltage, and a battery cell temperature. These characteristic parameters of battery cells allow an estimation of the state of aging of battery cells, for which numerous techniques are known in the prior art which can be used within the scope of the method of the invention.
Besonders bevorzugt werden die Schritte des Abkoppelns der defekten Batteriezelle und des ausgangsseitigen Überbrückens des detektierten Batteriemoduls gleichzeitig ausgeführt. Wird der Schritt des Abkoppelns vor dem Schritt des Überbrückens ausgeführt, wird der Stromfluss in der Batterie für diese Zeitspanne unterbrochen. Im umgekehrten Fall würde die defekte Batteriezelle kurzzeitig kurzgeschlossen, was eine weitere Beschädigung der Batteriezelle oder weiterer Batteriezellen desselben Batteriemoduls zur Folge haben kann.Particularly preferably, the steps of uncoupling the defective battery cell and the output-side bridging of the detected battery module are carried out simultaneously. If the uncoupling step is performed before the bridging step, the current flow in the battery is interrupted for that period. In the opposite case, the defective battery cell would be briefly short-circuited, which may result in further damage to the battery cell or further battery cells of the same battery module.
Die Koppeleinheit des detektierten Batteriemoduls führt bei bevorzugten Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens den Schritt des ausgangsseitigen Überbrückens des detektierten Batteriemoduls aus. Da die Koppeleinheit auch den Schritt des Abkoppelns der defekten Batteriezelle durchführt, kann auf diese Weise besonders einfach sichergestellt werden, dass die beiden Schritte gleichzeitig, und durch das Steuersignal veranlasst, ausgeführt werden.The coupling unit of the detected battery module executes in preferred embodiments of the inventive method, the step of the output side bridging the detected battery module. In this way, since the coupling unit also performs the step of disconnecting the defective battery cell, it is particularly easy to ensure that the two steps are carried out simultaneously, and by the control signal.
Zum Schutz von Wartungspersonal wird besonders bevorzugt im Schritt des Abkoppelns der defekten Batteriezelle die defekte Batteriezelle zweipolig abgekoppelt, so dass an keinem der beiden Pole der defekten Batteriezelle oder der Batteriezellen des betroffenen Batteriemoduls eine hohe Spannung der verbleibenden Batteriezellen anliegt.To protect maintenance personnel, the defective battery cell is particularly preferably decoupled in a bipolar manner in the step of disconnecting the defective battery cell, so that a high voltage of the remaining battery cells is not applied to either of the two poles of the defective battery cell or the battery cells of the affected battery module.
Eine an die Batterie angeschlossene Vorrichtung kann von dem Schritt des Abkoppelns der defekten Batteriezelle bis zum Schritt des Beendens des ausgangsseitigen Überbrückens mit einer reduzierten Eingangsspannung betrieben werden. Der Betrieb mit reduzierter Leistung trägt dem Umstand Rechnung, dass während der genannten Zeitspanne nur eine reduzierte Ausgangsspannung der Batterie und somit auch nur eine entsprechend reduzierte maximale Ausgangsleistung zur Verfügung stehen.A device connected to the battery may be operated from the step of disconnecting the defective battery cell to the step of completing the output side bypassing with a reduced input voltage. The operation with reduced power takes into account the fact that during the time period mentioned only a reduced output voltage of the battery and thus only a correspondingly reduced maximum output power are available.
Ein zweiter Aspekt der Erfindung betrifft eine Batterie mit einer Steuereinheit und einer Mehrzahl von in Serie geschalteten Batteriemodulen, wobei jedes Batteriemodul eine Koppeleinheit und wenigstens eine zwischen einen ersten Eingang und einen zweiten Eingang der Koppeleinheit geschaltete Batteriezelle umfasst. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Steuereinheit ausgebildet, das Verfahren gemäß dem ersten Erfindungsaspekt durchzuführen.A second aspect of the invention relates to a battery having a control unit and a plurality of battery modules connected in series, each battery module comprising a coupling unit and at least one battery cell connected between a first input and a second input of the coupling unit. According to the invention, the control unit is designed to carry out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung führt ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem elektrischen Antriebsmotor zum Antreiben des Kraftfahrzeuges und einer mit dem elektrischen Antriebsmotor verbundenen Batterie gemäß dem zweiten Erfindungsaspekt ein.Another aspect of the invention introduces a motor vehicle having an electric drive motor for driving the motor vehicle and a battery connected to the electric drive motor according to the second aspect of the invention.
Besonders bevorzugt sind dabei die Batteriezellen Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezellen. Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezellen besitzen die Vorteile einer hohen Zellspannung und eines hohen Energiegehaltes in einem gegebenen Volumen.In this case, the battery cells are particularly preferably lithium-ion battery cells. Lithium-ion battery cells have the advantages of high cell voltage and high energy content in a given volume.
Zeichnungen drawings
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der Zeichnungen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei gleiche Bezugszeichen gleiche oder funktional gleichartige Komponenten bezeichnen. Es zeigen:Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings and the description below, wherein like reference numerals designate like or functionally similar components. Show it:
Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
Die
Die
Wurde im Schritt S4 festgestellt, dass der Alterungszustand der gemessenen Batteriezelle größer als der vorbestimmte maximale Alterungszustand ist, wird die Batteriezelle als defekt angesehen und mit dem Schritt S6 fortgesetzt, in dem die defekte Batteriezelle durch Ausgeben eines entsprechenden Steuersignales an die Koppeleinheit des Batteriemoduls, das die defekte Batteriezelle enthält, von den übrigen seriengeschalteten Batteriezellen beziehungsweise Batteriemodulen abgekoppelt wird. Gleichzeitig wird im Schritt S6 das Batteriemodul, das die defekte Batteriezelle enthält, ausgangsseitig überbrückt, so dass das Batteriemodul elektrisch inaktiv und die verbleibenden Batteriemodule zu einem einzigen Strang seriengeschaltet werden. Im Schritt S7 wird die abgekoppelte defekte Batteriezelle entfernt und im folgenden Schritt S8 eine funktionsfähige Batteriezelle an das Batteriemodul mit der defekten Batteriezelle angekoppelt. Im Schritt S9 wird das ausgangsseitige Überbrücken des Batteriemoduls durch Beenden des Ausgebens des entsprechenden Steuersignals an seine Koppeleinheit beendet und so die funktionsfähige Batteriezelle wieder in die Serienschaltung aller Batteriezellen der Batterie einbezogen.If it has been determined in step S4 that the aging state of the measured battery cell is greater than the predetermined maximum aging state, the battery cell is considered defective and proceeds to step S6, in which the defective battery cell by outputting a corresponding control signal to the coupling unit of the battery module contains the defective battery cell is disconnected from the other series-connected battery cells or battery modules. At the same time, in step S6, the battery module containing the defective battery cell is bypassed on the output side, so that the battery module is electrically inactive and the remaining battery modules are connected in series to form a single string. In step S7, the disconnected defective battery cell is removed and coupled in the following step S8 a functional battery cell to the battery module with the defective battery cell. In step S9, the output-side bridging of the battery module is terminated by stopping the outputting of the corresponding control signal to its coupling unit and so the functioning battery cell is included again in the series connection of all battery cells of the battery.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010041024A DE102010041024A1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2010-09-20 | Method for replacing battery cells during operation |
CN2011800449477A CN103155224A (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2011-09-08 | Method for replacing battery cells during operation |
EP11767193.3A EP2619825A1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2011-09-08 | Method for replacing battery cells during operation |
PCT/EP2011/065520 WO2012038261A1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2011-09-08 | Method for replacing battery cells during operation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102010041024A DE102010041024A1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2010-09-20 | Method for replacing battery cells during operation |
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DE102010041024A1 true DE102010041024A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
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DE102010041024A Withdrawn DE102010041024A1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2010-09-20 | Method for replacing battery cells during operation |
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EP (1) | EP2619825A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103155224A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010041024A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012038261A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103326451A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-25 | 株式会社东芝 | Battery system and method of operating the battery system |
DE102014200267A1 (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a battery and device |
WO2015193109A1 (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2015-12-23 | Lufthansa Technik Ag | System and method for monitoring a nickel cadmium battery in a passenger aircraft |
WO2017076733A1 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a battery, and battery |
EP2664479A3 (en) * | 2012-05-19 | 2017-11-29 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | Secondary service port for high voltage battery packs |
DE102018204000A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-19 | Audi Ag | Dynamically disconnectable battery system for a motor vehicle and method for operating a dynamically disconnectable battery system |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109212425A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-15 | 青岛恒金源电子科技有限公司 | A method of detection aging lithium ion battery |
CN110838752B (en) * | 2019-10-26 | 2021-05-14 | 国网福建省电力有限公司邵武市供电公司 | Method for removing damaged storage battery of substation storage battery pack without power outage |
Family Cites Families (4)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US6104967A (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 2000-08-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fault-tolerant battery system employing intra-battery network architecture |
US9579961B2 (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2017-02-28 | Scott C Harris | Hybrid vehicle with modular battery system |
DE102008010971A1 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-08-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Protection system for battery modules |
DE102010027869A1 (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-20 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Battery with cell balancing |
-
2010
- 2010-09-20 DE DE102010041024A patent/DE102010041024A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-09-08 EP EP11767193.3A patent/EP2619825A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-08 WO PCT/EP2011/065520 patent/WO2012038261A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-09-08 CN CN2011800449477A patent/CN103155224A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103326451A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-25 | 株式会社东芝 | Battery system and method of operating the battery system |
EP2642575A1 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Battery system and method of operating the battery system |
CN103326451B (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2016-04-27 | 株式会社东芝 | Battery system and application method thereof |
US9539963B2 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2017-01-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Battery system and method of operating the battery system |
EP2664479A3 (en) * | 2012-05-19 | 2017-11-29 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | Secondary service port for high voltage battery packs |
DE102014200267A1 (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a battery and device |
WO2015193109A1 (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2015-12-23 | Lufthansa Technik Ag | System and method for monitoring a nickel cadmium battery in a passenger aircraft |
US10132874B2 (en) | 2014-06-19 | 2018-11-20 | Lufthansa Technik Ag | System and method for monitoring a nickel cadmium battery in a passenger aircraft |
WO2017076733A1 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a battery, and battery |
US10991993B2 (en) | 2015-11-06 | 2021-04-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a battery, and battery |
DE102018204000A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2019-09-19 | Audi Ag | Dynamically disconnectable battery system for a motor vehicle and method for operating a dynamically disconnectable battery system |
US11075412B2 (en) | 2018-03-15 | 2021-07-27 | Audi Ag | Dynamically disconnectable battery system for a motor vehicle and method for operating a dynamically disconnectable battery system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2619825A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
CN103155224A (en) | 2013-06-12 |
WO2012038261A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
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