EP2502469A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung eines plasmas mittels eines wanderwellenresonators - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung eines plasmas mittels eines wanderwellenresonatorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2502469A1 EP2502469A1 EP10788269A EP10788269A EP2502469A1 EP 2502469 A1 EP2502469 A1 EP 2502469A1 EP 10788269 A EP10788269 A EP 10788269A EP 10788269 A EP10788269 A EP 10788269A EP 2502469 A1 EP2502469 A1 EP 2502469A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wave resonator
- plasma
- traveling wave
- traveling
- generating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
- H05H1/4645—Radiofrequency discharges
- H05H1/466—Radiofrequency discharges using capacitive coupling means, e.g. electrodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for generating a plasma according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for producing a plasma according to the preamble of claim 14.
- resonators are used for impedance transformation. These generate by the resonance transformation the high voltage required for the plasma ignition. In discrete implementations, this voltage is at a terminal point, in line resonators at a location on the line. The location dependence of the currents and voltages is linked to the wavelength and thus to the frequency. It is easily possible to perform a homogeneous plasma treatment over an area whose dimension is much smaller than the wavelength. For dimensions on the order of the wavelength or beyond, a homogeneous treatment is initially not possible. There are periodic structures, such. B. slot radiators based on standing waves and thus always have a periodic dependence of the intensity with the wavelength.
- Plasma sources are known for a planar plasma treatment. However, these require a vacuum; It would be advantageous to operate at atmospheric pressure. In the known point-type atmospheric plasma sources, the plasma treatment of larger areas takes a long time since the plasma source must be moved over the sample.
- the object of the present invention is to specify an apparatus and a method for producing a plasma, which overcome the disadvantages described above in the prior art and in particular enable the generation of a plasma which is spatially homogeneous over as large distances as possible.
- the object is achieved by means of a device for generating a plasma with the features mentioned in claim 1 and a method for producing a plasma having the features mentioned in claim 14.
- the inventive device for generating a plasma comprises an AC voltage source, a traveling wave resonator and coupling means which are adapted to couple the AC voltage generated by the AC voltage source in the traveling wave resonator such that electromagnetic traveling waves arise.
- the traveling wave resonator is designed to increase the electric field strength of the traveling electromagnetic waves in such a way that a plasma is ignited in a gas.
- traveling waves are to be understood as running waves, ie waves which propagate in one direction, the points of vanishing or extreme field strength traveling in the propagation direction.
- a standing wave has fixed points of vanishing or extreme field strength, which are called nodes or bellies.
- a wave propagating on a waveguide has the character of a standing or a running wave can be quantified by the so-called standing wave ratio. This is defined by (E ⁇ + E 2) I (E - £ 2), wherein Ei and E 2 are the amplitudes of the two propagating in opposite directions wave components. For a pure standing wave, the two wave components are equally present, and the standing wave ratio approaches infinity.
- a traveling wave resonator is to be understood as a device in which traveling electromagnetic waves are brought to resonance. This presupposes that the traveling wave resonator is designed such that the traveling waves propagate in the direction of propagation in such a way that constructive interference occurs between traveling waves fed in at different times. While standing waves are a re- sonanz is typically achieved by the waves are reflected back and forth between two reflective elements and preferably each lie an integral multiple of the wavelength, in a traveling wave resonator, a resonance can be achieved, for example, by passing the waves on a self-contained path be and thereby preferably each cover an integer multiple of the wavelength.
- traveling wave resonators To distinguish from traveling wave resonators are ordinary waveguides. In these, although at certain wavelengths constructive interference of the reflections on the sidewalls of the waveguide occurs perpendicular to the propagation direction, and at these wavelengths traveling waves can propagate in the waveguide. However, this is not a resonance in the sense described here, since the traveling waves propagate in this case only in the propagation direction individually and at different times fed traveling waves do not interfere with each other. Only by such a waveguide is closed in itself, it comes to interference between traveling at different times traveling waves and thus to the resonance in the sense described here.
- the AC voltage source can be embodied, for example, as an oscillator which synchronizes with the traveling wave resonator.
- the coupling means may be, for example, any directional coupler.
- the gas may be, for example, air or any process gas.
- the region in which a plasma is ignited in the gas is arranged in such a way that the plasma is accessible to the outside for the plasma treatment.
- the traveling wave resonator comprises a self-contained waveguide and / or is formed as a self-contained waveguide. It is thereby achieved that traveling waves can propagate continuously in the traveling wave resonator without encountering a conclusion at which reflections and / or losses occur.
- the circumferential length of the self-contained waveguide is preferably an integer multiple of the frequency corresponding to the frequency of the AC voltage source. It is thereby achieved that a wave circulating in the traveling wave resonator after one revolution constructively interferes with itself, so that the greatest possible resonance and field enhancement is achieved.
- the traveling wave resonator in which the electric potential of the electromagnetic waves is substantially out of phase in the operative state, a distance small enough that in the operational state the electric field strength between the two regions is sufficient to enter in the gas Ignite plasma.
- the two regions of the traveling-wave resonator in which the electrical potential of the electromagnetic waves is substantially in phase opposition in the operational state are preferably two regions in the cross-section of the resonator line.
- the apparatus may further include a process gas supply for supplying a process gas into the region of the plasma ignition. This ensures that a plasma can be ignited in any process gas.
- the traveling wave resonator comprises a tube with a slot which is dimensioned such that in the operative state, the electric potential of the electromagnetic waves at the two opposite edges of the slot is substantially in opposite phase. Due to this shape, a particularly high field elevation is achieved.
- the circumference of the tube is preferably half of the frequency corresponding to the frequency of the alternating voltage source, which in turn results in a particularly high field increase.
- the tube may for example be a round tube or a rectangular tube.
- the coupling means may comprise two coaxially arranged conductor loops. This ensures that the coupling is easy to control. It is preferably provided that the distance between the two conductor loops amounts to a quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the frequency of the AC voltage source. As a result, an optimal constructive interference in the direction of propagation and destructive interference in the opposite direction is achieved, so that as pure a traveling wave as possible without a standing wave component is excited.
- the voltages applied to the two conductor loops preferably have a phase difference of ⁇ / 2 from each other.
- the tube comprises four quarter-circular parts, wherein between each two quarter-circular parts each have a linear part is inserted.
- a shape is achieved in a particularly simple manner in which long linear regions are available for generating a spatially homogeneous plasma.
- One or both of the pairs of opposing linear parts may be missing;
- the tube may be circular.
- the coupling can take place in a linear part or in a quarter-circle-shaped part.
- the two conductor loops can be arranged on one of the linear parts.
- it may also be provided a coupling in several areas of the traveling wave resonator.
- the traveling wave resonator comprises a stripline having at least two strips, wherein in the operational state, the electrical potential of the electromagnetic waves in two opposite regions of the at least two strips is substantially in opposite phase.
- the traveling wave resonator includes a lead comprising an inner conductor and an outer conductor at least partially surrounding the inner conductor, wherein the inner conductor is not coaxial with the outer conductor.
- the method according to the invention for generating a plasma comprises the following steps: generating an alternating voltage, generating traveling electromagnetic waves in a traveling wave resonator by coupling the alternating voltage into the traveling wave resonator, and exceeding the electric field strength of the traveling electromagnetic waves in the traveling wave resonator in order to ignite a plasma in a gas.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the device according to the invention and / or the method according to the invention for plasma treatment.
- each waveguide can be used.
- the waveguide In order to allow the propagation of traveling waves and to avoid the occurrence of standing waves, the waveguide is self-contained.
- the circulation length is preferably an integer multiple of the wavelength, which is determined by the frequency of the alternating voltage generated by the AC voltage source.
- the plasma absorbs as high a proportion of the supplied energy as possible and forms a nearly homogeneous linear discharge along the line, which is supplied by the rotating shaft.
- the effective attenuation of the line changes. This requires a compromise on customization.
- the fed-in power during operation with plasma is optimally adapted to this, while at idle, on the other hand, enough power is available on the line to ignite the plasma.
- Additional measures may be provided for switching the tuning between idling to ignition operation and plasma operation. It is also conceivable to work with different suggestions for the ignition and the plasma operation. Furthermore, the local variation of the field distribution can be exploited in operation with and without plasma in order to achieve a good adaptation for both operating states.
- z. B. are given by different high-frequency power, different process gases or different working pressures during operation in the low pressure range.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram of a device according to the invention for generating a plasma
- Figure 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an inventive
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the electric field lines in the lowest mode of the traveling wave resonator shown in Figure 2;
- FIG. 5 shows the block diagram of FIG. 1 with variables simulated in stripline technology for an embodiment
- FIG. 6 Reflection factors for the exemplary embodiment in stripline technology in FIG. 6
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device according to the invention for generating a plasma.
- An AC voltage source 10 such as a high frequency generator, generates an AC voltage which is applied to one end of a line 12 whose other end is shorted.
- a capacitor 14 is provided for impedance matching.
- a directional coupler 16 couples the line 12 to a resonator line 18.
- the resonator line 18 is self-contained and does not require a terminating resistor, so that dissipative losses in a terminating resistor are avoided.
- the directional coupler 16 are any coupling elements with a directional characteristic in question.
- directional couplers including hole couplers, line couplers, transversely or longitudinally extending coupling loops, hollow conductor couplers and line branches.
- This coupling elements can be provided once or arranged several times over the cable length.
- a resonator can serve any self-contained waveguide. This may be, for example, a slotted tube, a stripline, a coaxial line, a ribbon cable or other hollow or two-wire cables.
- two locations or areas are preferably provided, which lie close to each other and at which the electrical potential of the electromagnetic waves is in opposite phase.
- two opposing strips can be placed at a small distance from each other.
- the inner conductor may be brought close to the boundary of the outer conductor so that it no longer runs coaxially therewith.
- FIG. 1 An embodiment of a directional coupler and a traveling wave resonator according to the present invention is shown in FIG.
- the resonator line is formed here by a self-contained tube 20 having a slot 22.
- the coupling is carried out with two conductor loops 24a and 24b, which are arranged coaxially with one another approximately at a distance of a quarter wavelength and are subjected to two signals which are phase-shifted by approximately ⁇ / 2. Due to this phase relationship, the wave components excited by the conductor loops in both directions constructively interfere constructively in one direction and destructively in the other direction, so that a traveling wave is produced in the resonator.
- the resonator line has a circular cross-section.
- the cross section of the waveguide can be elliptical or rectangular.
- the illustrated resonator line is in the form of an oval consisting of two semi-circular and two linear parts.
- the coupling can also be carried out in the semicircular line parts as an alternative to the illustrated embodiment, so that both linear line parts are fully available for the plasma treatment. Also conceivable is a shape in which quarter-circle-shaped and linear line sections alternate, with two opposite linear line sections having the same length. The coupling would in this case preferably take place in one of the shorter linear line parts so that the longer linear line parts are fully available for the plasma treatment.
- the linear line parts used for the plasma treatment may have a length of several meters, for example a length between 2m and 5m. If a process gas supply is provided, this can also be attached, for example, to one of the semicircular parts or to one of the shorter linear parts.
- a round, rotationally symmetrical cable routing there are further embodiments conceivable, for example, a round, rotationally symmetrical cable routing.
- More treatment zones can be realized, for example, by meandering in a meandering way.
- Flat treatment zones can also be realized by a meandering cable routing.
- a part of the resonator line can not be designed as a plasma source zone, but as a normal waveguide without plasma. This makes it possible, for example, to perform planar treatment zones as round or angular spirals and to provide a plasma-free return line in order to close the resonator circuit.
- multiple points of the power feed may be provided to homogenize the distribution over the source.
- FIG. 3 shows the electrical field lines in the lowest mode of the traveling wave resonator shown in FIG. 2 in the cross section of the tube 20.
- the diameter of the tube 20 in this example is 2 cm, the operating frequency 2.5 GHz.
- the illustrated mode has a high electric field strength in the slot 22, which is particularly suitable for use as a plasma source.
- the diameter of the line should be chosen such that at least one mode is capable of propagation at the operating frequency (the resonance frequency).
- a large field peak is obtained when the diameter of the tube is chosen so that the circumference corresponds to about half an effective wavelength of the working frequency.
- a short segment of this waveguide can then be interpreted as a ⁇ / 2 resonator again, at the open ends of which a maximum voltage difference occurs in the push-pull mode.
- FIGS. 4a to 4h show different exemplary embodiments for the cross section of the resonator line.
- Figure 4a shows a round tube with slot.
- Figure 4b shows a rectangular tube with slot.
- Figure 4c shows a round tube with slot and inner conductor, wherein the inner conductor is not coaxial with the round tube, but is arranged in the vicinity of the slot.
- Figure 4d shows a rectangular tube with slot and inner conductor; Again, the inner conductor is located near the slot.
- FIG. 4e again shows a round tube with slot and inner conductor.
- the inner conductor compared to the embodiment shown in Figure 4c has a larger diameter, whereby a higher capacity is achieved.
- FIG. 4f once again shows a rectangular tube with slit and inner conductor, with a higher capacitance being achieved by the modified form of the inner conductor compared to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4d.
- Figure 4g shows a round tube with slot and triangle inner conductor.
- Figure 4h shows a ridge waveguide with slot, which is also referred to as "ridge waveguide”.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b are basic structures.
- the emission of electromagnetic energy to the outside can be reduced if no high potential difference occurs at the outer slot.
- This can also be built up to an inner further electrode part arranged, as shown for example in Figures 4c to 4h.
- Waveguide with two electrodes, as shown for example in FIGS. 4c to 4g. shows are interesting because the resonance properties can be adjusted by varying the geometry. Some such variations of geometry are shown in Figs. 4e to 4g.
- FIG. 5 shows the simulated variables in the block diagram of FIG.
- the reference impedance is given by the internal resistance Z 0 of the AC voltage source 10, for which a value of 50 ⁇ was assumed here, in the case of the input and output impedances Z in and Z out by the characteristic impedance Z L of the resonator line, for which a value of 22 ⁇ was assumed. In detail, therefore, applies to the
- FIG. 6 shows the reflection coefficients R SO urce, Rin and R ou t in function of the frequency f of the AC voltage source.
- Rsource is very low, so the source is well adjusted.
- the coupling structure also looks good into the line (R in is low), and also the output of the line is well matched to the coupler (R out is low). There are therefore few reflections and standing waves in the system.
- FIG. 7 shows the active power flows, ie the real parts of the power P SO urce, in and P ou t, again as a function of the frequency f.
- the source is well adjusted to 50 ⁇ , the input voltage at the coupler is 1V, and the power output from the source is 0.02W.
- an active power of 0.46W flows out, 0.44W flows out ; the losses on the line are 0.02 W, which corresponds to the power delivered by the source. It is thus achieved for the power losses selected here a power increase by a factor of 20; the power circulating in the resonator line is 20 times higher than the input power.
- FIG. 8 shows the reactive power flows, ie the imaginary parts of the power P SO urce, Pin and Pout, again as a function of the frequency f. At the resonance frequency, the reactive power disappears, ie only active power flows. This confirms that this is a rotating performance.
- FIG. 9 shows the voltages U in , U 1 , U 2 , U 3 , U ou t and U SO urce, again as a function of the frequency f.
- the voltage at the input of the coupler is 1V; all voltages on the line are close together at 3.2V. This confirms that it is a rotating wave with a standing wave ratio of nearly 1.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009046881.1A DE102009046881B4 (de) | 2009-11-19 | 2009-11-19 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Plasmas mittels eines Wanderwellenresonators |
PCT/EP2010/067815 WO2011061283A1 (de) | 2009-11-19 | 2010-11-19 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung eines plasmas mittels eines wanderwellenresonators |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2502469A1 true EP2502469A1 (de) | 2012-09-26 |
EP2502469B1 EP2502469B1 (de) | 2017-10-18 |
Family
ID=43646473
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10788269.8A Not-in-force EP2502469B1 (de) | 2009-11-19 | 2010-11-19 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur erzeugung eines plasmas mittels eines wanderwellenresonators |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9210789B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2502469B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102009046881B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2011061283A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8508057B2 (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2013-08-13 | David J. Schulte | Power generator |
US20120250527A1 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Determining Connectivity Of A High Speed Link That Includes An AC-Coupling Capacitor |
US8888995B2 (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2014-11-18 | Harris Corporation | Method for the sublimation or pyrolysis of hydrocarbons using RF energy to break covalent bonds |
US8674785B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2014-03-18 | Harris Corporation | Hydrocarbon resource processing device including a hybrid coupler and related methods |
DE102012204447B4 (de) | 2012-03-20 | 2013-10-31 | Forschungsverbund Berlin E.V. | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Plasmas |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4119930A (en) * | 1976-09-24 | 1978-10-10 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Coupling modulation in travelling wave resonator |
US4686407A (en) | 1986-08-01 | 1987-08-11 | Ceperley Peter H | Split mode traveling wave ring-resonator |
DE3708314A1 (de) * | 1987-03-14 | 1988-09-22 | Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt | Mikrowellengepumpter hochdruckgasentladungslaser |
US5029173A (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1991-07-02 | Seguin Herb J J | Laser system with multiple radial discharge channels |
US5734353A (en) * | 1995-08-14 | 1998-03-31 | Vortekx P.C. | Contrawound toroidal helical antenna |
DE19801366B4 (de) * | 1998-01-16 | 2008-07-03 | Applied Materials Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Plasma |
US6204606B1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2001-03-20 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Slotted waveguide structure for generating plasma discharges |
WO2001089088A1 (en) | 2000-05-11 | 2001-11-22 | Multigig Limited | Electronic pulse generator and oscillator |
US6847003B2 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2005-01-25 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Plasma processing apparatus |
US6759808B2 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2004-07-06 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Microwave stripline applicators |
WO2004062326A2 (en) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-07-22 | Northeastern University | Low power plasma generator |
-
2009
- 2009-11-19 DE DE102009046881.1A patent/DE102009046881B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-11-19 WO PCT/EP2010/067815 patent/WO2011061283A1/de active Application Filing
- 2010-11-19 EP EP10788269.8A patent/EP2502469B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-11-19 US US13/508,607 patent/US9210789B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2011061283A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102009046881B4 (de) | 2015-10-22 |
WO2011061283A1 (de) | 2011-05-26 |
EP2502469B1 (de) | 2017-10-18 |
US9210789B2 (en) | 2015-12-08 |
DE102009046881A1 (de) | 2011-05-26 |
US20120285934A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
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