EP2499064A1 - Distributeur de produit fluide. - Google Patents
Distributeur de produit fluide.Info
- Publication number
- EP2499064A1 EP2499064A1 EP10792984A EP10792984A EP2499064A1 EP 2499064 A1 EP2499064 A1 EP 2499064A1 EP 10792984 A EP10792984 A EP 10792984A EP 10792984 A EP10792984 A EP 10792984A EP 2499064 A1 EP2499064 A1 EP 2499064A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- dip tube
- neck
- flexible sheet
- dispenser according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1042—Components or details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
- B05B15/30—Dip tubes
- B05B15/37—Dip tubes with decorative elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1042—Components or details
- B05B11/1043—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container
- B05B11/1046—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container the pump chamber being arranged substantially coaxially to the neck of the container
- B05B11/1047—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container the pump chamber being arranged substantially coaxially to the neck of the container the pump being preassembled as an independent unit before being mounted on the container
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluid dispenser, for example in the form of a vaporizer, comprising a fluid reservoir defining a neck on or in which is mounted a dispensing member, such as a pump or a valve.
- a fluid dispenser for example in the form of a vaporizer, comprising a fluid reservoir defining a neck on or in which is mounted a dispensing member, such as a pump or a valve.
- This type of dispenser is very frequently used in the fields of perfumery, cosmetics or even pharmacy to distribute a wide variety of fluid products.
- a dip tube In order to convey the fluid contained inside the reservoir to the pump or the valve, a dip tube is generally used which is connected to the fluid inlet of the pump or the valve and which extends to the pump. inside the fluid reservoir until near or in contact with its bottom.
- the dip tube may be apparent, or alternatively, it may be invisible when immersed in the fluid.
- No. 5,915,600 discloses a fluid dispenser whose plunger tube serves as a support for a decorative element that is visible to the user inside the reservoir.
- the fluid product is transparent, or at least translucent, and that the tank wall is also transparent or translucent.
- the decorative element comprises one or more bore (s) dimensioned so that the plunger tube can be inserted through these bores so as to achieve frictional clamping.
- the decorative element is held inside the tank through the plunger tube which serves as a support.
- the decorative elements represent animals (salamander - orca) in three dimensions, but it is not really understood how these decorative elements are introduced into the reservoir through his neck.
- the present invention aims to define a dispenser whose reservoir contains a decorative element that is easy to insert, fast, industrializable and automated in the tank.
- An object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art related to the introduction of the decorative element inside the tank. Indeed, as mentioned above, the first prior art document US Pat. No. 5,915,600 is not really realistic as regards the introduction, moreover automated, of the decorative element inside the tank. As for the second document of the prior art US-5,937,554, the introduction of the decor can lead to a bad positioning thereof inside the tank. Therefore, an object of the present invention is not only an easy introduction of the decorative element inside the tank, but also its correct and repeated positioning in the tank.
- WO97 / 03887 discloses a rectangular film having rounded lower corners to facilitate insertion of the film into a container.
- the film is fixed on a dip tube, wound on itself and held in this wound state by an adhesive before inserting it into the container.
- the rounded corners simply prevent the film from abutting on the upper edge of the neck of the container and the rolled-up variant is difficult to implement.
- the present invention aims to induce, systematize and automate the deformation of the film or sheet so as to ensure its automated insertion and its precise positioning in the tank or container without risk of damage (tearing and / or bending) film or sheet.
- the present invention provides a fluid dispenser comprising a fluid reservoir comprising a neck defining a narrowed opening communicating with an internal volume of greater dimension, a dispensing member, such as a pump or a valve, comprising a fluid product inlet provided with a dip tube, the plunger being provided with a flexible sheet having a substantially flat shape memory, the sheet having a transverse dimension, in the direction perpendicular to the plunger tube, which is greater than that of the narrowed opening, so that the sheet must being constrained in a deformed configuration to pass through the neck and then relax in a substantially flat resting configuration within the internal volume, the sheet having a lower edge, a portion of which penetrates the narrowed opening in the configuration of rest, so as to initiate the deformation of the sheet to then bring it into its deformed configuration.
- a dispensing member such as a pump or a valve
- flexible sheet is meant any primarily two-dimensional element, having a reduced thickness compared to its width and height.
- the flexible sheet can be formed from a single sheet, or alternatively it can be made from a plurality of sheets or films glued or welded to each other.
- the flexible sheet may be attached to the dip tube at one or more points located, or alternatively, the sheet is attached to the dip tube substantially over its entire height. In any case, it is preferable for the sheet to extend along the dip tube.
- the sheet is wound on itself around the dip tube in its deformed configuration.
- the lower edge of the sheet at the portion penetrating the narrowed opening is rounded or pointed.
- the part of the lower edge of the sheet penetrating the narrowed opening allows to initiate the winding of the sheet on itself, so that it penetrates without any difficulty through the neck of the tank.
- the imposed deformation of the sheet is repeatable at will, without risk of damaging the sheet and / or the plunger tube, for example by folding. Therefore, the introduction of the sheet inside the tank can be implemented industrially in an automated manner, which was not the case with the distributors of the aforementioned prior art.
- the rounded or pointed shape of the portion of the lower edge penetrating into the narrowed opening is only one embodiment, which however offers good results.
- the sheet comprises at least two films each extending on one side of the dip tube. As for the fixing of the sheet on the dip tube, one can consider all the appropriate techniques, such as gluing, welding, clamping or clipping.
- the spirit of the invention lies in the fact of using the dip tube for the introduction of the decorative element through the neck of the reservoir in a deformed configuration which is induced during the introduction operation.
- FIG. 1a is a schematic view of a fluid dispenser just before the operation of introducing the flexible sheet through the neck of the reservoir
- FIG. 1b is a view along the sectional line C-C of FIG. 1a through the flexible sheet and the dip tube,
- FIG. 2a is a view similar to that of FIG. 1a during the introduction operation with the flexible sheet disposed in the neck of the reservoir,
- FIG. 2b is a view along section line C-C of FIG. 2a through the neck of the reservoir, the flexible sheet and the dip tube,
- FIG. 3a is a view of the distributor of FIGS. 1a and 2a in assembled state with the decorative element inside the reservoir
- FIG. 3b is a sectional view along line C-C of FIG. 3a through the flexible sheet and the dip tube,
- FIG. 4a is a view similar to FIG. 1a for a second embodiment which does not form part of the invention.
- FIG. 4b is a view along section line C-C of FIG. 4a through the flexible sheet and the dip tube,
- FIG. 5a is a view similar to FIG. 2a showing the flexible sheet in the wound state introduced through the neck of the reservoir
- FIG. 5b is a view along the section line CC of FIG. 5a through the neck of the reservoir, the wound flexible sheet and the plunger tube,
- FIG. 6a is a view similar to FIG. 3a, showing the distributor in assembled state with the flexible sheet deployed inside the tank, and
- Figure 6b is a view along section line C-C of Figure 6a through the expanded flexible sheet and the plunger tube.
- the fluid dispenser of the invention comprises a fluid reservoir 1, a dispensing member 2, a flexible sheet 3, a dispensing head or pusher 4 and a sealing ring. 5.
- the reservoir 1, the dispensing member 2, the pusher 4 and the fixing ring 5 may be identical or similar in both embodiments. Only the flexible sheet 3 differs, and especially its mode of introduction into the reservoir, from one embodiment to another.
- the fluid reservoir 1 may be of a type quite conventional for the fields of perfumery or cosmetics.
- the tank 1 comprises a neck 1 1 defining a narrowed opening 12 communicating the outside with an internal volume 15 defined inside the tank.
- This internal volume 15, intended to be filled with fluid is more precisely defined by a peripheral side wall 13 which is closed at its lower end by a bottom 14 which can be disposed on any surface defining the standing position of the reservoir.
- the neck 1 1 is here disposed at the opposite end of the bottom 14, but this provision is not limiting.
- the narrowed opening 12, which is generally circular has a dimension which is much smaller than that of the internal volume 15 at the level of the lateral wall 13. This is a characteristic which is quite conventional in the fields perfumery and cosmetics.
- the tank 1 can be made from various materials, such as glass or a plastic material.
- the tank is transparent or at least translucent.
- the reservoir 1 may have an axis of symmetry of revolution passing through the neck 1 1 and the bottom 14. Alternatively, the tank can be partially or totally dissymmetrical.
- An essential characteristic of the reservoir is that the neck 1 1 defines an opening 12 which is narrowed with respect to the dimension of the internal volume 15.
- the dispensing member 2 may be a pump or a valve. Since the structure of the dispenser member is not critical to the present invention, it will not be described in detail. However, it may be mentioned that the dispensing member 2 comprises a fluid product inlet 21 which is provided with a dip tube 22 which is intended to extend inside the internal volume 15 of the reservoir to near or even in contact with the bottom 14.
- the plunger tube 22 can be connected by fitting to the fluid inlet 21.
- the dip tube 22 is in the form of a flexible plastic tube, such as polyethylene. In some cases, where it is desired that the dip tube 22 is transparent inside the fluid product of the tank, it can be made of a fluoropolymer, such as for example EFEP.
- the dispensing member 2 comprises an actuating rod which is axially movable back and forth.
- This actuating rod is capped by a dispensing head or pusher 4 on which the user can press with one or more finger (s) to actuate the dispensing member 2.
- the pusher 4 can integrate a dispensing orifice, for example in the form of a spray nozzle, as shown in the figures.
- the fixing ring 5 which comprises on the one hand receiving means for fixedly receiving the dispenser member 2 and on the other hand fastening means or hooking to achieve a tight fastening on the neck 1 1.
- the fixing ring 5 is a crimped metal ring, which is crimped around the neck 1 1, which advantageously has an annular peripheral reinforcement provided for this purpose.
- this metal crimp ring it is also possible to use a metal ring or plastic screw or a snap ring.
- the fixing technique of the fixing ring 5 is not critical for the present invention.
- the plunger tube 22 of the dispensing member 2 is provided with a flexible sheet 3 which constitutes a decorative element visible in the fluid and through the fluid reservoir 1.
- the flexible sheet 3 advantageously has a substantially flat shape memory.
- this decorative element can be described as essentially two-dimensional. Indeed, the thickness of the sheet 3 is reduced, or even small, compared to these other two dimensions, namely its width and height.
- the sheet 3 extends along the dip tube, as can be seen very clearly in Figures 3a and 6a. It can also be said that the dip tube extends over the height of the flexible sheet 3.
- the flexible sheet 3 is connected to the dip tube at one or more point (s) located (s).
- the flexible sheet 3 can be connected to the dip tube over its entire height.
- various fastening techniques can be used, such as gluing, welding, clamping or clipping. It is nevertheless advantageous for the flexible sheet 3 to be connected to the plunger tube 22 at least at its lower and / or upper end.
- the flexible sheet 3 may be made from a single sheet of a material compatible with the fluid contained in the tank 1.
- the flexible sheet can be made from a plurality of films connected to each other in the form of a complex film sheet. It can also be imagined that the sheet 3 comprises two films which each extend on one side of the dip tube so that it is entirely covered by the flexible sheet 3.
- the flexible sheet 3 having an upper edge 31 disposed near the fluid inlet 21, two side edges 32 and a lower edge 33, which is closest to the lower end of the plunger tube 22.
- the width of the flexible sheet 3, measured between its two lateral edges 32 is greater than diameter of the narrowed opening 12 of the neck 1 1. This can be easily seen in Figures 1a, 3a and 6a.
- the lateral edges 32 of the flexible sheet 3 may be located near or even in contact with the side wall 13 of the tank 1.
- the technical difficulty underlying the invention is to introduce the flexible sheet 3 inside the internal volume 15 of the reservoir 1 easily , fast, repetitive, industrializable, automatable, and without risk of damaging the flexible sheet 3, while ensuring its perfect positioning inside the tank.
- FIGS. 1 to 3b describe a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the flexible sheet 3 is in its rest configuration, that is to say perfectly or substantially flat. Its width, measured between its two lateral edges 32 is much greater than the diameter of the narrowed opening 12.
- the sheet 3 is still flat, but its lower edge 33 is already in contact with the upper edge of the neck 1 January. It can then be noted that a portion 34 of the lower edge 33 already penetrates inside the narrowed opening 12 of the neck 1 1, while the sheet 3 is still under no stress. It may be noted that the edge 33 at the portion 34 is rounded with a low point located well inside the neck 1 January.
- the low point of the lower edge 33 is located at the level of the dip tube 22.
- a flexible sheet 3 with a sharp lower edge or angular, but still penetrating inside the neck 1 1 in the flat rest configuration of the sheet. It has been observed empirically that the portion 34 of the lower edge 33 penetrating inside the neck 1 1 can initiate the deformation of the flexible sheet 3 so as to allow it to pass through the neck 1 1, as it is see Figure 2a.
- the flexible sheet 3 is then in a deformed configuration, and more particularly wound on itself around the dip tube 22 which serves as support, stiffener and winding axis for the sheet 3. This is clearly visible in the figure 2b.
- the portion 34 of the flexible sheet 3 plays a particularly important role during the introduction of the sheet through the neck 1 1, since it is a kind of "deformation germ" Of the sheet, which in combination with the dip tube 22 imposes a very particular type of deformation, namely the winding of the sheet on itself around the dip tube 22. It is therefore the combination of the part 34 with the plunger tube 22 which makes it possible to deform the sheet in an imposed and repetitive manner so as to be able to pass it through the narrowed opening 12, without the risk of damaging it. Indeed, the winding of the sheet on itself avoids creating irreversible folds that break the flat shape memory of the sheet.
- the flexible sheet 3 is made from a single monolithic sheet, such as a plastic sheet.
- the flexible sheet 3 here has a substantially rectangular geometric shape with substantially rectilinear upper edges 31, 32 and lower 33 '.
- the lateral edges 32 may be located near or in contact with the side wall 13 of the tank 1.
- the upper edge 31 is disposed at the inlet of fluid product 21, while the lower edge 33 'is substantially at the lower end of the plunger tube 22. It can thus be said that the plunger tube 22 is almost entirely This is all the more true that the flexible sheet 3 is here made from two films 3a and 3b each extending on one side of the plunger tube 22, as shown in Figures 4a, 5b and 6b.
- the flexible sheet 3 For the introduction of the flexible sheet 3 through the neck 1 1, it is intended to previously deform in a deformed configuration.
- the simplest is to wind it around itself around the dip tube, as shown in Figure 4a.
- the flexible sheet 3 is maintained in this deformed configuration by a retaining ring 6 defining a central passage whose diameter is less than or equal to that of the narrowed opening 12 of the neck January 1.
- FIG. 4a it can be seen how the flexible sheet 3 is wound on itself around the dip tube 22, maintained in this state by the retaining ring 6. It is then possible to introduce the flexible sheet 3 through the collar 1 1, as shown in Figure 5a. It is advantageous to arrange the retaining ring 6 substantially in the middle of the height of the flexible sheet 3.
- the retaining ring 6 is used as a neck seal making it possible to seal between the fixing ring 5 and the neck 11.
- the dispensing member 2 has a smaller diameter than the central passage of the retaining ring 6.
- the retaining ring 6 is not an additional part of the dispenser, since it will then serve as a neck seal. It can even be considered that the flexible sheet 3 in its deformed configuration serves as temporary support for the neck seal 6.
- the use of such a holding ring 6 makes it possible to produce flexible sheets 3 with the most diverse geometries, since its edge lower does not need to be suitably shaped, as is the case in the first embodiment.
- the first embodiment has the advantage that it is not necessary to predispose the flexible sheet 3 in a deformed configuration before its introduction through the neck, since its deformation is automatic because of its part 34 which penetrates in the narrowed opening, even though the sheet is still in its flat resting configuration.
- the flexible sheet is directly attached to the dip tube.
- the dip tube is provided with a flexible sheet, even in cases where the flexible sheet is attached to an adjacent element or surrounding the dip tube, such as a tube at least partially surrounding the dip tube or an insert attached directly or indirectly to the dip tube and extending into the tank next to the dip tube.
- an adjacent element or surrounding the dip tube such as a tube at least partially surrounding the dip tube or an insert attached directly or indirectly to the dip tube and extending into the tank next to the dip tube.
- the sheet can then be fixed on the overtube.
Landscapes
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0957990A FR2952619B1 (fr) | 2009-11-13 | 2009-11-13 | Distributeur de produit fluide. |
PCT/FR2010/052400 WO2011058269A1 (fr) | 2009-11-13 | 2010-11-09 | Distributeur de produit fluide. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2499064A1 true EP2499064A1 (fr) | 2012-09-19 |
EP2499064B1 EP2499064B1 (fr) | 2016-01-27 |
Family
ID=42270547
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10792984.6A Not-in-force EP2499064B1 (fr) | 2009-11-13 | 2010-11-09 | Distributeur de produit fluide. |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120223104A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2499064B1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112012011391A2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2563750T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2952619B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011058269A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3024055B1 (fr) * | 2014-07-25 | 2021-07-02 | Aptar France Sas | Organe de distribution de produit fluide. |
CN106137004B (zh) * | 2015-04-14 | 2021-03-19 | 金红叶纸业集团有限公司 | 一种自动加液盒 |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5651481A (en) * | 1990-09-24 | 1997-07-29 | Jensen; Brian Vang | Drip-catcher |
US5343901A (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-09-06 | Philip Meshberg | Insertable barrier bag or liner for a narrow neck dispensing container and method of filling such a barrier bag or liner |
CA2227187C (fr) * | 1995-07-18 | 2004-08-31 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Recipient tridimensionnel |
US6073816A (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 2000-06-13 | Granberg; Preben | Drip-catcher and a method therefor |
US5915600A (en) | 1997-10-02 | 1999-06-29 | Bitton; Mary Kay | Suction tube mount for ornaments within a container |
US6042022A (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-03-28 | Gryphon Development | Snow globe spray bottle |
USD422212S (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2000-04-04 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Figurine attached to the dip tube of a container |
US6276566B1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2001-08-21 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Enhanced three-dimensional container display |
DE20006423U1 (de) * | 2000-04-11 | 2000-06-15 | Helmut Steinmetz Manfr | Gefäß mit Werbeelement |
FR2821339B1 (fr) * | 2001-02-28 | 2003-08-01 | Airlessystems | Distributeur de produit fluide a poche souple et procede de fabrication d'une telle poche souple |
US6719171B1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2004-04-13 | Mary Kay Bitton | Wire frame mounting structure for ornaments within a container |
US6698627B2 (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2004-03-02 | Valois S.A.S. | Fluid dispenser |
US6775957B2 (en) * | 2002-04-02 | 2004-08-17 | Axon Corporation | Pharmaceutical product protection method and apparatus |
US6620017B1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-09-16 | Mary Kay Bitton | Bubble wand with ornaments within a container |
FR2848534B1 (fr) * | 2002-12-11 | 2005-07-08 | Valois Sas | Ensemble de distribution de produit fluide |
ES2345551T3 (es) * | 2003-03-19 | 2010-09-27 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Recipiente con display mejorado. |
US20050189378A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-01 | Anthony Eluck | Fluid container |
FR2884699B1 (fr) * | 2005-04-25 | 2007-08-10 | Oreal | Dispositif pour le conditionnement et la distribution d'un produit |
US20060250795A1 (en) * | 2005-05-03 | 2006-11-09 | Michael Langone | Means and device for providing automatically activated illumination of novelty containers |
US7900384B2 (en) * | 2008-05-02 | 2011-03-08 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Magical image cups and containers with 3D displays |
-
2009
- 2009-11-13 FR FR0957990A patent/FR2952619B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-11-09 BR BR112012011391A patent/BR112012011391A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-11-09 EP EP10792984.6A patent/EP2499064B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-11-09 WO PCT/FR2010/052400 patent/WO2011058269A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-11-09 US US13/509,116 patent/US20120223104A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-11-09 ES ES10792984.6T patent/ES2563750T3/es active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2011058269A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2952619A1 (fr) | 2011-05-20 |
EP2499064B1 (fr) | 2016-01-27 |
US20120223104A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
FR2952619B1 (fr) | 2012-06-08 |
WO2011058269A1 (fr) | 2011-05-19 |
BR112012011391A2 (pt) | 2016-04-26 |
ES2563750T3 (es) | 2016-03-16 |
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