EP2488710A1

EP2488710A1 - A window construction and a method for mounting the window construction

Info

Publication number: EP2488710A1
Application number: EP10781410A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jan Skovsende Hansen
Original assignee: CSA Lundegaard Holding APS
Current assignee: CSA Lundegaard Holding APS
Priority date: 2009-10-12
Filing date: 2010-10-12
Publication date: 2012-08-22
Also published as: EP2488711B1; DK2488711T3; WO2011044906A1; EP2488711A1; WO2011044907A1

Abstract

A window construction (1) arranged for being mounted upon a preferably inclined roof having an under roof (34). The window construction (1) comprises a frame (3) with an upper edge (10) delimiting an embrasure (9). The under roof is formed with an opening (44) in an area below the frame. Upon the inner side of the frame (3) is attached a partition, which is extending down to and is delimiting the opening (44) in the under roof (34). Upon the inner side of the frame (3) is placed a lining (22) of a stiff material. The window construction can easily be build onto an inclined roof without risking that water from snow and rain at any time penetrates into the underlying roof construction.

Description

A window construction and a method for mounting the window construction

The invention relates to a window construction for a preferably inclined roof having an under roof. The invention further relates to a method of mounting the window construction according the invention in preferably an inclined roof.

By the word "under roof" is here understood an impermeable barrier which is arranged on top of the rafters and underneath the roofing for preventing snow and rain to reach the roof construction itself.

Such under roofs are known and can for example consist of plywood covered by roof felt or by membranes of plastic.

Window constructions for inclined roofs have been known for many years and typically as top hinged windows. These known window constructions are distinguished by their simple and beautiful construction, which naturally blends into almost any roof surface, and has therefore gained a significant distribution especially in Northern Europe and North America. But such a window construction is not sufficiently tight in the closing position for preventing water for example in rainy weather to penetrate between frame and sash, and thermal bridges are furthermore frequently formed resulting in heat loss and condensation when used in heated attics.

The problems, which these popular window constructions thus suffer from can, if occasion should arise, result in attacks of putrefaction and fungus with often severe damages on buildings as the consequence . The possibilities for using said window constructions are furthermore limited by to the fact that they are not suited for inclined roofs equipped with under roof for preventing entrance of water.

The above mentioned problems have been tried solved by means of a window construction which mainly consists of plastic or wood and which when being mounted fits into an opening which previously has been made in the roof. This special way of mounting requires a separate flashing for providing the necessary tightness at the transition between the window construction and the inclined roof.

The particular very heavy frame of this known construction together with the disfiguring flashing implies that it appears as a stout and out of place projection on an inclined roof.

The unique style and the esthetic overall impression, which is characteristic to many buildings, therefore would be disfigured if the construction were used for buildings of this kind, e.g. protected and preservation-worthy buildings.

The shortcomings and drawbacks as the above mentioned window constructions for inclined roofs thus suffers from is according to the invention remedied by, in a first aspect of the invention providing a window construction of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which has a light, simple and esthetically beautiful design, in a second aspect of the invention providing a window construction of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which has a strong and stable construction, in a third aspect of the invention providing a window construction of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which in mounted position blends naturally into the appearance of most inclined roofs, in a fourth aspect of the invention providing a window construction of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which quickly and easily can be build into a inclined roof, in a fifth aspect of the invention providing a window construction of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which is suitable for inclined rood with under roof, in a sixth aspect of the invention providing a window construction of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which in the closing position is tightened against intrusion of water, e.g. rainwater, in a seventh aspect of the invention providing a window construction of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which can be used for inclined roofs with heated attics. in an eight aspect of the invention providing a window construction of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which is arranged to prevent condensation, in a ninth aspect of the invention providing a window construction of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which together with the respective building and the roof of this forms a harmonic overall impression, in a tenth aspect of the invention providing a window construction of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which can be used for an inclined roof on a building without counteracting the unique style and esthetic appearance of the latter, in an eleventh aspect of the invention providing a window construction of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph which is arranged in such a way that it quickly and easily can be mounted upon for example an inclined roof without any risk at any time for that water from snow and rain penetrates into the underlying roof construction.

The new and unique according to the invention consist in the fact that the under roof is arranged with an opening in an area below the frame and that on the frame is fastened a partition which extends down to and boarders the opening in the under roof, and that on the underside of the frame is arranged a lining of a stiff and preferably heat insulating material. When the window construction is to be mounted upon for example an inclined roof, an area of the roof is initially prepared for receiving the window construction. This preparation is carried out by removing parts of the roof, including a suitable part of the roofs roofing, in the area where the window construction is to be placed.

The underside if the partition is subsequently applied an adhesive as e.g. bitumen so that the under roof immediately is adhered to the partition when the frame is brought into position on the roof.

Thereby it is effectively ensured that the roof still is tight against intrusion of snow and rain while an opening in the under roof is formed for allowing light to enter the underlying roof space via the window opening.

After having placed the window construction on the roof said opening can according to the invention easily, quickly and precisely be formed by utilizing a knife or a similar tool for cutting through the under roof along the outer edge of the underside of the partition, since the partition consists of a stiff material.

By the term stiff material is here to be understood a material which without being at least significantly deformed can resist the mechanical strains it is subjected to in the life time of the respective construction.

By means of the above-mentioned method according the invention can the window construction according to the invention easily, quickly and with little expenses be mounted on the roof without any risk that there at any time during the mounting penetrates water from melted snow or rain into the underlying roof construction .

For achieving a particularly good heat insulation of the window the partition can in one embodiment according to the invention be of a heat insulating material such as e.g. wood. Other similar materials providing good heat insulation can also be used for the window construction according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment according to the invention the frame of the window construction advantageously comprises a flange, which during the mounting can be supported by and be fastened to the laths of the roof. The flange prevents, for example that rainwater penetrates downwards .

The flange advantageously has a shape which fits to a given roofs roofing, so that the flange substitutes a part of the roofing of the roof in the mounted position of the window construction. This way the window construction will be an integrated part of the roofing, whereby the respective building in its entirety is imparted a harmonic and esthetically beautiful overall appearance. The flange may for example be constructed in such way that it resembles a number of tiles, which in the mounted position of the window construction on for example a inclined roof substitutes a corresponding number of actual tiles of the roof roofing.

The frame and flange of the window construction can according to the invention be moulded of for example aluminum or cast iron whereby a strong and stabile construction, which easily can be adapted to the shape of a given roof, is achieved.

In another embodiment according to the invention the partition according to the invention can be mainly be V-shaped with a first flap, which is placed at a distance from the lining and which extends between the flange and the under roof, and a second flap which extends between the first flap and the opening in the under roof. Thereby the partition is provided with great strength so that the window construction gains a strong and durable construction.

The mainly V-shaped partition can according to the invention be of a heat conducting material as e.g. metal with a heat insulating material placed on the inner side, whereby a strong and durable partition with a very good insulating property is achieved.

The lining can according to the invention be provided with a shoulder extending under the peripheral area of the under roof at the opening in the under roof, and the lining can by means of for example screws be clamped onto the under side of the frame so that the shoulder of the lining is pressed against the underside of said peripheral area, and the remaining part of the under roof thereby securely and effectively is kept in position . The window construction comprises preferably a window, which belongs to the frame and is formed with a pane set in a sash, whereby the window is adapted to be turned around a mainly horizontal axis between a closing position, where the window covers the embrasure, and open positions, where the embrasure is more or less free. This construction advantageously comprises a hinge arrangement, which turnable connects the sash with the frame . In a preferable embodiment the entire sash can have a smaller extension than the embrasure of the frame whereby the part of the frame which is situated above the turning axis can be equipped with a first covering which in the closing position of the window covers the opposite part of the sash, while that part of the sash which is situated below the turning axis can be equipped with a lower covering which covers the opposite part of the upper edge of the frame in the closing position of the window, whereby the two coverings can flush with each other along the sides, so that the window construction is provided with a harmonic appearance.

By this construction is achieved an effective protection against intrusion of rainwater while at the same time the window achieves an esthetically beautiful shape.

In one embodiment according to the invention can the coverings be loose parts attached to the frame and the sash respectively, but in a preferred embodiment according to the invention the coverings can however be moulded integrally with the frame and the sash respectively.

The window can furthermore according to the invention be a double-glazed window with an outer - and inner window and the sash of the latter can consist of a heat insulating material as e.g. wood. A window arrangement with such a window can advantageously be used on inclined roofs with heated attics. The double glaze window can according to the invention moreover be a sash bar window with window bars of plastic or wood on the inner window whereby is obtained the advantage that the heat loss across the window is further reduced.

When the frame is produced of a heat conducting material it can according to the invention advantageously be provided with a lining of a heat insulating material such as wood on the inner side to prevent that heat bridges is formed in this area.

The window construction can according to the invention be used for inclined roofs with or without under roof. When the roof is equipped with an under roof, which comprises an impermeable membrane of for example plastic or roofing felt for repelling of rainwater, can an area of the part of the under roof which is below the frame according to the invention be removed and parts of the membrane be bend against the inner side of the frame, after which lining can be clamped together with the frame with said membrane parts between them. Thereby is an effective protection against penetration of rainwater into the underlying space under the frame achieved. An area below the embrasure of said at least first lath can according to the invention furthermore be removed for thereby providing a free line of sight through the window of the window construction . The invention is further described below in that further advantageous attributes and technical effects is given and exemplary embodiments is described with reference to the drawing, where Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment according to the invention of a window construction on an inclined roof with the window in closing position, Fig. 2 shows the same but with the window in open position,

Fig. 3 is a planar view seen from the front of another embodiment of a window construction according to the invention and with the window in closed position,

Fig. 4 shows in fragments, seen in a larger scale a section taken along the line IV - IV in fig. 3,

Fig. 5 shows in fragments, seen in larger scale a detail of the window construction according to the invention in a first step of mounting,

Fig. 6 shows the same in a second step of mounting, Fig. 7 shows the same in a third step of mounting,

Fig. 8 shows the same in a fourth step of mounting,

The window construction shown in the figures comprises both a frame 3, which has an mainly rectangular shape with two sides defining the with of the frame and a top and a bottom defining the height of the frame, and a window 5, which similarly has a mainly rectangular shape with two sides defining the width of the window and a top and a bottom defining the height of the window.

Fig. 1 and 2 shows a first embodiment of a window construction according to the invention placed on an inclined roof, of which only the laths 2 of the roof is seen. The frame 3 of the window construction is provided with a flange 4, which is supported by and is attached to the laths 2, and the window 5 has a windowpane 6, which is set in a sash 7. The sash 7 and thereby the window 5 is turnable about a horizontal axis 8 connected with the frame 3. The window can however within the scope of the invention be of any other type.

In fig. 1 is the window closed and in fig. 2 open. As it is best shown in fig. 2 the window 5 in the in fig. 1 shown position, covers an embrasure 9 which is delimited by an upper edge 10 on the frame 3.

In the window construction shown in fig. 1 and 2 is the window 5 a sash bar window with bars 11, but according to the invention it can just as well be without bars. In this case are the bars divides the windowpane into nine fields .

In the shown case is the flange 4 of the frame 3 moreover made in such way that it looks as a number of tiles 12 which in the mounted position of the window construction on an inclined roof substitutes a corresponding number of actual tiles (not shown) of the roofs roofing. The window construction thereby becomes an integrated part of the roofing so that the respective building in its entirety is imparted a harmonic and esthetic beautiful overall impression

An upper covering 13 with a top 14 and two sides 15 is placed on top of the frame, while a lower covering 16 with a bottom 17 and two sides 18 is placed on the window 5. The coverings serve for leading rainwater away from the window and the embrasure of the frame . The frame and flange of the window construction is by an advantageous method moulded of for example aluminum or cast iron and painted in the same color as the roofing. Thereby is in addition to a strong and cheap construction obtained that the flange easily can be manufactured in a shape which fits a given roofs roofing.

The window construction can therefore without difficulties be used for roofs with other kinds of roofing than tiles, e.g. slate, asbestos cement or roofing felt. Fig. 3 shows, seen from the front, another embodiment of a window construction according to the invention corresponding in the main to the construction shown in fig. 1 and 2. For like parts like numerals is used. In this embodiment the bars 11 divides the windowpane up in four fields, and the flange 4 is plate shaped.

The window 5 is turnable connected with the frame 3 about the horizontal axis 8 via a hinge arrangement 19, which is placed on each side of the window 5, and which in the figure is shown in dotted line.

Fig. 4 is a section taken along the line IV - IV in fig..3 and shown in a relatively large scale and only as a fragment of the window construction such that it's components and their mutual relationship can be seen more clearly.

The frame 3 and the flange form an integrated unit, and the frames outer side tapers outwards, whereby the frames ability for leading rainwater away from the window and from the frames embrasure is enhanced. In those cases where frame and flange are moulded in e.g. aluminum or cast iron is the casting process furthermore made easy because there in the mould is achieved an advantageous draught angle . In the case shown in fig. 4 the roof equipped is with an under roof of which is seen only a fragment of a membrane 20 of e.g. plastic or roofing felt for blocking intrusion of rain water. Thus, the roof is tight already before the roofing is mounted.

The actual roofing and the window construction are mounted at the same time and will in the end appear as a consistent whole. The membrane is still tight. But a suitable section of the membrane in the area under the window may necessarily be removed to allow the light to enter and clear the line of sight. But thereby arises a risk that water penetrates under the flange to the underlying space. This risk is eliminated by cutting hole in the membrane and form flaps 21, which are bend to abut against the inner side of the frames. A wedge shaped lining 22 thereafter clamps said flaps together between the lining and the frame by use of a screw assembly with screws 23. To be on the safe side the flaps can at the corners be adhered to the frame. Now the roof is also tight under the roofing.

The lining can be of an insulating material as e.g. wood, whereby the significant advantage is achieved that the frame will not form heat bridges in those cases where it consists of a heat conducting material as aluminum or cast iron.

The window in the shown embodiment is a double-glazed window 24 with an outer and inner sash 25 and 26 which sets an out and inner windowpane 27 and 28, which is kept in a mutual distance by a distance frame 29.

As it can be seen has the sash 7 of the window 5 a smaller width and height than the embrasure 9 of the frame whereby the window is allowed to turn freely in the frame about the turning axis . The outer sash 25 can be of · a metal, e.g. aluminum or cast iron, while the inner sash 26 preferably is of an insulating material such as wood. The window bars 11 of the window, which is not seen in fig. 4, is also made of an insulating material such as wood.

By making the inner frame 26 and the window bars 11 of an insulating material it is prevented, that heat bridges are formed together with the outer frame 25 in those cases where the latter frame consists of a heat conducting material, and that unnecessary large heat loss arises and dew is formed on the construction. In fig. 4 is also seen the upper covering 13 which is attached to the frame 3 or moulded integrally with this. The covering 13 extends with a flap 31 across the outer frame 25 and ends with a nose 32 turning downwards against the topside of the upper pane 27.

The lower covering 16 is attached on or molded integrally with the upper frame 25 of the window 24, and it is formed with the same profile as the upper covering 13. A tightening strip of for example felt which extends along the periphery of the lower window sash 26 and the inner side of the frame 3 serves for preventing cold air from penetrating between the sash and the frame and form condensation on the inner side of the windowpane. The tightening strip is especially important when the window construction is used for heated spaces.

The window construction shown in fig. 4 is precisely arranged for a heated space. A simpler and cheaper variant -not shown-, where the window is not a double-glazed window and the lining does not need to be of an insulating material can be used for spaces which is not heated. Fig. 5 - 8 shows, seen in four succeeding steps of mounting, a detail of the window construction according to the invention in a cross section placed below the horizontal axis of turning 8.

The window construction of this embodiment corresponds in the main to the embodiment shown in fig. 1 - 4. For like parts like numerals used. In fig. 5 - 8 the double-glazed window 2 and the frame 3 shown in fig. 4 is seen. The frame delimits the embrasure 9, and the top edges on the window and frame are respectively covered by the covering 16, which thereby, as previously mentioned protects against the penetrating of rainwater between the window and the frame.

In fig. 5 - 8 is also seen the under roof 34, which forms a tight barrier for preventing that water from snow or rain penetrates into the underlying roof construction. The under roof can be arranged in several ways, but is here taken to be a membrane of plastic.

At the underside of the flange 4 is attached a partition 35 in form of a first flap 36, which extends downwards from the flange 4 and a second flap 37 which is perpendicular to the first flap 36. The partition is in this case of metal, e.g. aluminum or cast iron and can be moulded integrally with the frame or be attached to this by any suitable means . This partition is strong and durable, but heat conducting.

To heat insulate the area under the frame and window the best possible way is therefore arranged a heat insulating material 38 on the inner side of the heat conducting partition. Within the scope of the invention the partition can however also be arranged in other ways. The above-mentioned combination of V-shaped partition and heat insulating material can for example be replaced by wood.

In some cases can an area of a roof already during building be arranged to receive the frame for a window construction.

In other cases said area is prepared subsequently by removing a suitable part of the roofing. In fig. 5 the frame 3 with the window 24 is being lowered into a prepared area of the roof in the direction shown with the arrow .

The underside of the partition has in advance been applied an adhesive 43, which for example may be bitumen.

In fig. 6 has the frame been brought to its position in the roof, and as seen is the under roof in form of the membrane now adhered to the underside of the partition.

Fig. 7 shows that the membrane by means of a knife 39 or a similar tool is cut through along the edge of the partition, and that the severed part of the membrane is removed, so that an opening 44 is formed below the window for allowing incident light to pass through the window to the underlying attic.

The fact that the membrane has been adhered to the partition in the operation step shown in fig. 6 causes advantageously that the membrane in co-operation with the partition is able effectively to prevent penetrating of snow - and rainwater into the underlying roof construction during the entire mounting operation .

A lining 22 has in fig. 8 been screwed onto the inner side of the frame by means of a screw 40 screwed into a thread 41 in the frame . The lining is of a heat insulating material, e.g. wood and prevents hereby that a heat bridge is formed at this part of the frame. A tightening strip 33 forms a sealing between the lining and the window sash.

The lining is as shown in fig. 8 provided with a shoulder 42, which extends under the membrane. By tightening the screw 40, the shoulder presses the peripheral area of the membrane and the intermediate adhesive tight together so that the membrane effectively and durably is secured against being loosened from the partition and thereby forming leaks.

By means of this method according to the invention can the window construction according to the invention quickly and easily be mounted upon e.g. an inclined roof without risking that there at any time during thee mounting penetrates water from snow or rain into the underlying roof construction.

Claims

A window construction (1) for a preferably inclined roof having an under roof (34) , and which comprises, a frame

(3) with an upper edge (10) delimiting an embrasure (9) , and wherein the under roof is formed with an opening (44) in an area below the frame, characterized in that

- there on the frame (3) is attached a partition (35) , which is extending down to and is delimiting the opening (44) in the under roof (34) , and

- there on the inner side of the frame (3) is placed a lining (22) of a stiff material.

A window construction (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition (35) consists of a stiff material.

A window construction (1) according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the partition consists of a heat insulating material.

A window construction (1) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the frame of the window construction comprises a flange (4)

A window construction (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the flange (4) has a shape which matches the roofing of a given roof and that the flange

(4) substitutes a part of the roofing of the roof in the mounted position of the window construction.

A window construction (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the partition (35) is mainly V- shaped with a first flap (36), which is placed at a distance from the lining and extends between the flange (4) of the frame and the under roof (34) , and a second fla (37) which extends between the first flap (36) and the opening (44) in the under roof (34) .

A window construction (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the mainly V-shaped partition (35) is of a heat-conducting material as e.g. metal and that there on the inner side of the partition (35) is placed a heat insulating material (38) . 8. A window construction (1) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that a peripheral area around the opening (44) in the under roof (34) is glued to the partition (35) by use of an adhesive. 9. A window construction (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining (22) is formed with a shoulder (42) adapted to extend under the peripheral area of the under roof (34) at the opening (44) in the under roof (34) .

10. A window construction (1) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the window construction comprises a window (5) which belongs to the frame (3) and is formed with a pane (6) set in a sash (7) , whereby the window (5) is adapted to be turned around a mainly horizontal axis (8) between a closing position, where the window (5) covers the embrasure (9) , and open positions, where the embrasure (9) is more or less free.

11. Window construction (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the window construction (1) comprises a hinge arrangement (19) which turnable connects the sash (7) with the frame (3) . A window construction (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the sash (7) has a smaller extension than the embrasure (9) of the frame (3) and that at least a part of the frame (3) is provided with a covering .

A window construction (1) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that that part of the frame (3) which is situated above the turning axis (8) is equipped with a first covering (13) which in the closing position of the window (24) covers the opposite part of the sash (7) , while that part of the sash (7) which is situated below the turning axis (8) is equipped with a lower covering (16) which covers the opposite part of the upper edge (3) of the frame (3) in the closing position of the window (24), whereby the two coverings (13,16) flush with each other.

A window construction (1) according to claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the coverings (13,16) consist of loose parts attached to the frame (3) and the sash (7) , respectively.

A window construction (1) according to claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the coverings (13,16) are moulded integrally with the frame (3) and the sash (7) , respectively.

A method for mounting a window construction (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 15 on a preferably inclined roof having an under roof, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps,

that an area of the roof is prepared for receiving the window construction (1) , - that an adhesive (43) is applied the underside of the partition (35) on the frame (3) of the window construction,

- that the frame (3) is placed in the prepared area of the roof ,

- that that part of the under roof (34) which is delimited by the partition (35) on the frame (3) is removed, so that the an opening (44) is formed in the under roof (34) below the frame (3) , and

that the lining (22) is attached to the frame (3) .

A method according to claim 16, characterized in that the lining is formed with a shoulder (42) extending under the peripheral area of the under roof (34) at the opening in the under roof (34) and that the lining (22) by means of for example screws (40) is clamped to the under side of the frame (3) so that the shoulder (42) of the lining (22) is pressed tight against the underside of said peripheral area.

A method according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the opening (44) in the under roof (43) is formed by cutting through the under roof (34) along the inner edge of the underside of the partition (35) by means of a knife or a similar tool and subsequently removing the piece of the under roof (34) cut off.

A method according to claim 16, 17 ore 18 wherein the roof is equipped with an under roof (34) and comprises an impermeable membrane such as plastic or roofing felt, characterized in that an area of that part of the under roof (34) which is placed below the frame (3) is removed and that parts of the membrane (34) is bend against the inner side of the frame (3) , after which the lining (22) may be clamped to the frame (3) with said membrane in between . A use of the window construction (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 15 for an inclined roof.

A use of the window construction (1) according to any of the claims 1 - 15 in connection with replacement of roof windows in buildings, preferably protected buildings.