EP2487309B1 - Construction panels with hook connection - Google Patents

Description

• eine Sichtfläche,
• eine der Sichtfläche gegenüber liegende Basisfläche,
• zwei parallel zueinander liegende, profilierte Seitenflächen und zwei übrige, senkrecht zu den Seitenflächen verlaufende, ebenso zueinander parallele, profilierte Seitenflächen, wobei alle Seitenflächen durch die Sichtfläche und Basisfläche begrenzt sind,
• wenigstens ein Paar von an den Seitenflächen des Baupaneels eingearbeiteten, zueinander kompatiblen und im Verlegezustand zusammenwirkenden ersten Verriegelungsmitteln und zweiten Verriegelungsmitteln, mit denen mindestens zwei derartige Baupaneele zumindest in einer Verlegeebene festlegbar sind,

wobei wenigstens die ersten Verriegelungsmittel im zusammengefügten Zustand von mindestens zwei derartigen Baupaneelen eine Hakenverbindung bilden,The invention relates to a plate-shaped, rectangular building panel, comprising:

• a visible surface,
• one of the visible surface opposite base surface,
• two mutually parallel, profiled side surfaces and two remaining, perpendicular to the side surfaces extending, also mutually parallel, profiled side surfaces, wherein all side surfaces are limited by the visible surface and base surface,
• at least one pair of first locking means and second locking means, which are incorporated on the side surfaces of the building panel, are compatible with each other and cooperate in the laying condition, with which at least two such building panels can be fixed at least in one laying plane,

wherein at least the first locking means in the assembled state of at least two such building panels form a hook connection,

• im zusammengefügten Zustand von mindestens zwei derartigen Baupaneelen zwischen der Basisfläche des Kopfstücks und einem Nutboden der Nut ein zweites Spiel gebildet ist.

in which the one locking means has a locking arm projecting beyond an abutment surface of the building panel and terminating in a protruding lip, whereas the other locking means has a head piece engaging in a polygonal groove of the locking arm, the bottom surface facing the base surface being plane-parallel to the base surface,
the lower surface being bounded by an outer sidewall and one of the outer opposite inner sidewalls of the header,
the base surface merges into a groove-shaped recess adjacent to the head piece, in which the lip engages in the assembled state and presses against the inner side wall of the head piece,
wherein the inner sidewall of the header extends to a bottom of the recess,
wherein the outer side wall of the head piece merges into a step or a groove, which in turn adjoins an abutting surface extending up to the visible surface and directed perpendicular to the visible surface,
wherein the groove of the locking arm terminates on the one hand in a free, the base surface facing away from the surface of the lip and on the other hand in a step or a projection,
wherein the gradation or the projection merges into the reaching to the visible surface impact surface,
wherein in the assembled state of at least two such building panels between the projection and one of the visible surface facing groove flank of the groove or between the two superposed gradations, a first game is formed

• in the assembled state of at least two such building panels between the base surface of the head piece and a groove bottom of the groove, a second game is formed.

A building panel of the type mentioned above according to the preamble of claim 1 is made DE 20 2010 002333 U1 the applicant known. The known building panel is a multi-layered floor panel comprising at least one pair of hook-and-loop fastener elements and additional locking means which can stabilize the resulting panel connection, but only at the narrow edges of the floor panels. As additional locking means inter alia compatible gradations on the side surfaces and a trapezoidal groove of the locking arm and head piece come into question. The matched to each other, parallel to the bottom surface of the floor panel gradations on the side surfaces form a slight game with which the moisture-related deformations, especially height differences are to be compensated. Between a groove bottom of the locking arm and on a groove bottom facing surface of the head piece a space for accommodating the superimposed Velcro elements is provided. However, the interlocked Velcro elements are, as known, elastic and thereby make it difficult to achieve a sufficiently stable connection, so that an offset - despite the aforementioned game - can arise on the visible surface of the interconnected floor panels. The elasticity of the Velcro fastener elements made of plastic is further increased by the adhesive tapes or surfaces. In addition, different coefficients of expansion of wood material and plastic are taken into account. The Velcro elements are thus basically unable to ensure the stability of the panel connection in the vertical direction.

The font DE 10 2009 035 275 A1 relates to a floor panel whose first side edge has a locking lip and an elastic groove adjacent to the locking lip, wherein the second side edge is provided with a locking element which engages in the locked state with the locking lip. The elasticity groove is filled with a filling compound. The elasticity of the locking lip can be adjusted by selecting a corresponding filling compound.

US 2009/193748 A1 deals with floor panels, which are equipped with resilient, separate fasteners.

US 2010/083603 A1 refers to reversible, provided with two decorative surfaces floor panels that can also be hooked together.

At the document DE 100 44 967 A1 it is a glue-free installation of a wooden floor covering consisting of bars or planks. The planks have engageable edge portions in the form of die and male, which are provided with additional means for locking and / or blocking a joint between said planks or edge portions.

WO 2009/050565 A1 refers to structural panels consisting of a pressed multi-component mass containing wood chips, wood fibers or wood powder and a synthetic material such as phenol-formaldehyde adhesive. The structural panels have locking means which can secure the resulting connection in a vertical and horizontal direction. The compound is formed by known per se groove and spring parts and locking arm.

The document EP 1 767 724 A1 a tongue and groove connection of two floor panels can be seen in which two opposite, projecting beyond the side edges, elastically resilient lips are formed on an upper side of the floor panel. In the Bodenpaneel a wire-like clamp can be inserted, which is about the circumferential contour of the groove corresponds. The task of the clamp is to increase the spring force of the upper lip.

The font WO 2004/059104 A1 the applicant describes locking means which are constructed on the elongated side surfaces according to the principle of a tongue and groove connection, wherein the one side surface has a groove and a base surface facing the projection and the opposite side surface has a leg provided with a protruding lip on which a Blocking seat is incorporated, in turn, the projection of the Gegenpaneels slidingly engages, but without forming a game or dilation column.

A hook-shaped panel connection is also off FR 22 78 876 known. The building panel shown in square format, here: floor panel has bridge-like interruptions along the side edges of the head piece and its groove. The head piece is inserted under mutual deformation in the compatible groove outside of the interruptions, wherein after the assembly creates a positive connection in which the groove is completely filled by the head piece. This version is suitable for creating a molded as a molding floor panel made of elastic plastic or rubber. For building panels made of wood or wood-based material seems to be unsuitable, since these materials do not have sufficient elastic properties that allow such strong deformation.

It is known to assemble furniture parts via a so-called dovetail joint. The dovetail joint is a positive, tongue and groove joint reminding the shape of a dovetail. The oblique flanks of the dovetail act to reinforce the wedge principle. Unlike a simple one Tongue and groove connection, the dovetail joint is able to transmit not only lateral forces, but also tensile forces.

The object of the invention is to design a plate-shaped building panel, in particular floor panel of the type mentioned above, which is made of wood and / or wood-based material and with which create an offset-free surface covering by simple installation and disassemble as needed.

• die zweiten Verriegelungsmittel im Verlegezustand eine an der Seitenfläche der Längsseite der Baupaneele angeordnete Nut-Feder-Verbindung bilden, bei der an der einen Seitenfläche ein im Querschnitt halbkreisförmiger Vorsprung und an der anderen Seitenfläche ein Blockiersitz mit konkaver Form derart ineinandergefügt sind,
• dass eine im Querschnitt sichelförmige Kammer verbleibt, die sich in Richtung der einen Seitenfläche derart verjüngt, dass zwischen dem Vorsprung und einer an einem Schenkel der Nut-Feder-Verbindung befindlichen Lippe eine Dilatationsspalte verbleibt,
• und dass eine zweite Dilatationsspalte zwischen einer an der Seitenfläche befindlichen Feder und einer unteren Nutflanke einer an der anderen Seitenfläche angeordneten Nut, an die die Feder angepasst ist, liegt.

This object is achieved by a generic building panel in which

• the second locking means in the laying state form a tongue-and-groove joint arranged on the side surface of the longitudinal side of the building panel, in which on one side surface a semicircular in cross-section projection and on the other side surface a blocking seat with concave shape are so interlocked,
• a chamber which is crescent-shaped in cross-section and which tapers in the direction of the one side surface such that a dilation gap remains between the projection and a lip located on one limb of the tongue-and-groove connection,
• and that a second dilation gap lies between a tongue located on the side surface and a lower groove flank of a groove disposed on the other side surface to which the spring is fitted.

The two superimposed - in the assembled state - lying gradations can be referred to as an additional locking means with which a pressure of the vertical abutment surfaces against each other in the case of moisture changes in the wood material reduced and thus a possible damage to the compound due to the swelling of wood or wood-based material can be avoided can. It is advantageous that the superposed gradations form a slight game. The same effect can be achieved by accommodating the protrusion located on the groove of the locking arm in a groove of the counter panel, when the groove of the counter panel lies on the outer side surface of the head piece and below the abutment surface. The said play can occur between an upper, the visible surface facing surface of the projection of the floor panel and an upper groove flank of the groove on the head piece of the Gegenpaneels.

A great advantage of the construction according to the invention is that can be used well, especially in solid wood panels, since these, as is known, are particularly sensitive to changes in humidity.

The features of the invention may also be directed to multilayer floor panels. The multilayer floor panels consist for example of a bottom layer of solid wood, a core layer of wood material and a wear layer of hardwood, which usually a surface treatment, for example with an oil substance or wax, subject.

• Amerikanischer Ahorn
• Amerikanischer Kirschbaum (black cherry)
• Amerikanischer Nussbaum
• Bambus hell
• Birke
• Birnbaum
• Bubinga
• Buche
• Cabreuva
• Cumaru
• Diamantholz (Guatambu)
• Doussie (afzelia superior)
• Eiche
• Erle
• Esche
• Eukalyptus
• Europäischer Ahorn (Bergahorn)
• Europäischer Kirschbaum
• Hevea
• Ipe
• Iroko
• Jatoba
• Kempas
• Lärche
• Mahagoni
• Merbau
• Mutenye
• Niangon
• Padouk
• Palisander
• Peroba
• Pitch Pine
• Red Pine
• Sucupira
• Tali-Missanda
• Teak
• Tigerwood
• Wenge (Panga-Panga)

For the floor panel according to the invention, inter alia, the following native, but also particularly resistant tropical wood species come into question:

• American maple
• American cherry tree (black cherry)
• American walnut
• Bamboo bright
• birch
• pear tree
• Bubinga
• beech
• Cabreuva
• Cumaru
• Diamond wood (Guatambu)
• Doussie (afzelia superior)
• Oak
• alder
• ash-tree
• eucalyptus
• European maple (sycamore maple)
• European cherry tree
• Hevea
• Ipe
• Iroko
• Jatoba
• Kempas
• larch
• mahogany
• Merbau
• Mutenye
• Niangon
• Padouk
• jacaranda
• peroba
• Pitch Pine
• Red pine
• sucupira
• Tali-Missanda
• teak
• Tiger Wood
• Wenge (Panga Panga)

Timber from responsible and sustainable forestry is characterized by the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) seal.

The Brinell hardness of the above mentioned species is between 43 N / mm ² (sycamore) and 90 N / mm ² (sucupira).

Finally, the invention also relates to a surface made of assembled building panels of the type mentioned above. The surface covering may be a floor, a wall or ceiling cladding, a Fassadenverkleidüng or a furniture wall.

Fig. 1

ein Fußbodenpaneel gemäß Erfindung, in einer Draufsicht auf seine Flachseite;

Fig. 2

einen Schnitt B - B gemäß Fig. 1;

Figuren 3a und 3b

ein vergrößertes Detail zweier Fußbodenpaneele im Bereich ihrer Schmalseiten vor und nach der Zusammenfügung, in einem Schnitt;

Fig. 4

eine andere Ausführungsform des Fußbodenpaneels, ebenso in einem Schnitt B-B gemäß Fig. 1;

Figuren 5a und 5b

vergrößertes Detail zweier Fußbodenpaneele gemäß Fig. 4 im Bereich ihrer Schmalseiten vor und nach der Zusammenfügung, in einem Schnitt;

Fig. 5c

das in Fig. 5b abgebildete Detail mit angedeuteten Druckkräften an der entstandenen Schwalbenschwanzverbindung;

Fig. 6

das in Fig. 5b gezeigte Detail zweier zusammengefügten Fußbodenpaneele, jedoch in einer dreischichtigen Ausführung;

Fig. 7a

einen Schnitt A-A gemäß Fig. 1;

Fig. 7b

den in Fig. 7a gezeigten Schnitt mit angedeuteten Radien;

Figuren 8a und 8b

zwei Fußbodenpaneele gemäß Figuren 7a und 7b, vor und nach ihrer Verlegung auf einen Untergrund, in einem schematischen Schnitt;

Fig. 9

ein vergrößertes Detail zweier zusammengefügten Fußbodenpaneele im Bereich ihrer Längsseiten, in einem Schnitt;

Figuren 10a und 10b

zwei Fußbodenpaneele mit rechteckigen Nuten vor der Verlegung, in einem schematischen Schnitt;

Fig. 10c

zwei Fußbodenpaneele gemäß Figuren 10a, 10b während der Verlegung, in einem schematischen Schnitt;

Fig. 10d

die Fußbodenpaneele gemäß Fig. 10c nach der Verlegung, in einem schematischen, vergrößerten Schnitt;

Figuren 11a und 11b

zwei Fußbodenpaneele mit einem trapezförmigen Kopfstück, jedoch mit ei- nem am Kopfstück und der Nut des Verriegelungsarms eingebrachten Stabilisierungsmitteln, vor und nach der Verlegung, in einem schematischen Schnitt;

Fig.12

vergrößertes Detail zweier miteinander verbundenen Fußbodenpaneele mit einem anderen trapezförmigen Kopfstück, in einem vergrößerten Schnitt;

Figuren 13a und 13b

zwei Fußbodenpaneele mit trapezförmigem, gleichschenkligem Kopfstück und Versteifungsprofilen, vor und nach der Verlegung, in einem schematischen Schnitt;

Figuren 14a und 14b

zwei Fußbodenpaneele mit einem weiteren Kopfstück und mit Versteifungsprofilen, vor und nach der Verlegung, in einem schematischen Schnitt;

Figuren 15a und 15b

zwei Fußbodenpaneele in einer abweichenden Ausführungsform, mit einem Kopfstück und mit Versteifungsprofilen, vor und nach der Verlegung, in einem schematischen Schnitt.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The figures show:

Fig. 1

a floor panel according to the invention, in a plan view of its flat side;

Fig. 2

a section B - B according to Fig. 1 ;

FIGS. 3a and 3b

an enlarged detail of two floor panels in the region of their narrow sides before and after assembly, in a section;

Fig. 4

another embodiment of the floor panel, also in a section BB according to Fig. 1 ;

FIGS. 5a and 5b

enlarged detail of two floor panels according to Fig. 4 in the region of their narrow sides before and after assembly, in one section;

Fig. 5c

this in Fig. 5b pictured detail with indicated compressive forces on the resulting dovetail joint;

Fig. 6

this in Fig. 5b shown detail of two assembled floor panels, but in a three-layer design;

Fig. 7a

a section AA according to Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 7b

the in Fig. 7a shown section with indicated radii;

FIGS. 8a and 8b

two floor panels according to FIGS. 7a and 7b , before and after their laying on a substrate, in a schematic section;

Fig. 9

an enlarged detail of two assembled floor panels in the region of their longitudinal sides, in a section;

Figures 10a and 10b

two floor panels with rectangular grooves before laying, in a schematic section;

Fig. 10c

two floor panels according to FIGS. 10a, 10b during laying, in a schematic section;

Fig. 10d

the floor panels according to Fig. 10c after laying, in a schematic, enlarged section;

Figures 11a and 11b

two floor panels with a trapezoidal head, but with one nem stabilizing means introduced on the head piece and the groove of the locking arm, before and after the laying, in a schematic section;

Figure 12

enlarged detail of two interconnected floor panels with another trapezoidal head, in an enlarged section;

Figures 13a and 13b

two floor panels with trapezoidal, isosceles head and stiffening profiles, before and after installation, in a schematic section;

Figures 14a and 14b

two floor panels with another header and with stiffening profiles, before and after installation, in a schematic section;

FIGS. 15a and 15b

Two floor panels in a different embodiment, with a head piece and with stiffening profiles, before and after installation, in a schematic section.

The Fig. 1 shows a rectangular floor panel 100, 100 'in a schematic plan view of its visible surface 11. The floor panel 100, 100' has two mutually parallel side surfaces 1.1, 2.1 and two perpendicular to the side surface 1.1, 2.1 lying side surfaces 1.2, 2.2, wherein the side surfaces 1.1 , 2.1 are arranged on the longitudinal sides and the remaining side surfaces 1.2, 2.2 on the narrow sides of the floor panel. The schematic, in Fig. 1 The top view shown also relates to all other embodiments of the hook connection, which are further identified by reference numeral 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800 are provided.

The details of the side surfaces 1.2, 2.2; 1.2, 2.2 are the Fig. 1 due to their schematic representation not removable. They will be dealt with on the basis of further figures of the present description. So includes the Fig. 1 a plurality of mutually different embodiments of the floor panels, wherein the differences between the embodiments relate only to the narrow sides of the floor panels.

• Eine "Hakenverbindung" entsteht durch einfaches Herabsenken des Kopfstücks und dessen Einführung in die Nut des Verriegelungsarms; dabei wird die abstehende Lippe des Verriegelungsarms in die Ausnehmung des Gegenpaneels derart eingelassen, dass sie dort gegen das Kopfstück drückt;
• Eine "Schwalbenschwanzverbindung" ist ein Teil der Hakenverbindung, bei der das Kopfstück trapezförmig ist und praktisch unter Formschluss in die Nut des Verriegelungsarms eingeführt ist; die formschlüssige Verbindung wird erzielt durch den gegenseitigen Anpressdruck der Nutflanken der Nut des Verriegelungsarms und der Seitenflächen des Kopfstücks;
• Die "Sichtfläche", anders Trittfläche genannt, entspricht der sich nach der Verlegung ergebenden Oberseite der Fußbodenpaneele bzw. deren Nutzschicht;
• Die "Basisfläche" entspricht einer der Sichtfläche gegenüberliegenden Unterseite des Fußbodenpaneels;
• "Stoßfläche" bzw. "Stoß" bezieht sich in vorliegendem Fall auf zwei senkrecht zur Sicht- bzw. Basisfläche gerichtete, miteinander in Kontakt stehende Flächen der Seitenflächen, insbesondere der Nutzschicht;
• "Gegenpaneel" bezieht sich auf das Fußbodenpaneel, das mit dem anderen zusammenwirkt und sich durch denselben Aufbau auszeichnet. In vorliegendem Fall sind die Gegenpaneele mit Bezugszeichen 100', 200', 300', 400', 500', 600', 700', 800' und 900'bezeichnet.
• "Seitenfläche" ist die auf eine durch die Sicht- und Basisflächen begrenzte und von deren Kanten ausgehende Fläche des Fußbodenpaneels.

For better understanding of the embodiments, the following terms are explained as used in connection with the drawings:

• A "hook connection" is created by simply lowering the head piece and inserting it into the groove of the lock arm; while the protruding lip of the locking arm is in the recess of the Gegenpaneels inserted so that it presses there against the head piece;
• A "dovetail connection" is a part of the hook connection in which the head piece is trapezoidal and is inserted practically in positive engagement in the groove of the locking arm; the positive connection is achieved by the mutual contact pressure of the groove flanks of the groove of the locking arm and the side surfaces of the head piece;
• The "visible surface", otherwise called tread, corresponds to the resulting after laying top of the floor panels or their wear layer;
• The "base surface" corresponds to an underside of the floor panel opposite the visible surface;
• "Impact surface" or "impact" refers in the present case to two perpendicular to the visual or base surface directed, mutually contacting surfaces of the side surfaces, in particular the wear layer;
• "Counter panel" refers to the floor panel that interacts with the other and is characterized by the same construction. In the present case, the counter panels are designated by reference numerals 100 ', 200', 300 ', 400', 500 ', 600', 700 ', 800' and 900 '.
• "Side surface" is the surface of the floor panel bounded by the visible and base surfaces and extending from their edges.

Terms such as "top", "top", "bottom", bottom, "bottom", "below", "above", "left", right "etc. refer to the floor panels laid on a horizontal base 26, such as this is also shown in the drawing.

The floor panel 100, 100 'is detailed in FIG Figures 2 . 3a and 3b shown. It is made of solid wood, in this case of steamed beech wood. The one side surface 1.2 (left side of the Fig.2 ) comprises a first locking means 6, which has a locking arm 20 projecting beyond an abutment surface 4.1 of the floor panel, which terminates in an upwardly projecting trapezoidal lip 24. The lip 24 has an upper, free surface 14, which is arranged plane-parallel to the visible surface 11 of the floor panel.

On the locking arm 20 an upwardly open groove 18 is incorporated, comprising a parallel to a base surface 12 of the floor panel arranged groove bottom 21 and two such inclined groove flanks 29.1, 29.2, that the groove 18 tapers upwards. As a result, the groove bottom 21 is wider than an upper distance A (clear width) between the groove flanks 29.1, 29.2. This is followed by the groove flank 29.1 a gradation 38.1 the impact surface 4.1. The groove 18 is designed in cross-section as an almost isosceles trapezoid.

The second side surface 2.2 (right side of the Fig.2 ) includes a second locking means 16, which has a downwardly directed, trapezoidal head piece 48 and a recess 28, in turn, the lip 24 engages. The head piece 48 has a plane-parallel to the base surface 12 extending trapezoidal base surface 13 and two adjoining the trapezoidal base surface, oblique side walls 22, 23, which taper upwards, like the groove flanks 29.1, 29.2 of the groove 18.

The outer side wall 23 of the head piece 48 merges into a step 38.2 of the abutment surface 4.2. The recess 28 has a perpendicular to the base surface 12 directed edge 35 which is opposite to the side wall 23 of the head piece 48 and adjoins a bottom 17 of the recess.

Accordingly, the recess 28 has the shape of an orthogonal trapezoid. The bottom 17 has a width B (see. Fig. 2 ), which exceeds a clear width 33 of the recess 28. In addition, the head piece 48 is chamfered on both sides in its lowest area for the purpose of facilitating the insertion into the groove 18 of the counter panel 100 '.

The two gradations 38.1, 38.2 are parallel to the base surface 12 of the floor panel and are slightly offset by the fact that the height dimension of the impact surface 4.1 slightly exceeds the height of the impact surface 4.2.

In assembled state (cf. Fig. 3b ) is a positive dovetail connection 10 is formed, in which the groove flanks 29.1, 29.2 press against the side walls 22, 23 of the head piece 48. However, remain between the two gradations 38.1, 38.2, a first game 15 and between the trapezoidal base surface 13 and the groove bottom 21, a second game 25. The size of the game 15; 25 approaches the zero value when the wooden material swells.

In addition, a common free space 31 between the bottom 17 of the recess 28 and the free surface 14 of the lip 24 and a further clearance 34 between the edge 35 of the recess 28 and the lip 24 is provided.

The task of the game 15; 25 is to compensate for the dimensional changes of the laid floor panels. The gradations 38.1, 38.2 stabilize the resulting dovetail connection perpendicular to the visible surface and secure the abutment surfaces against destructive pressure with moisture-related dimensional changes of the wood-based material. The dimensions of the game 15, 25 are small and are in the present case between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm.

The successive abutment surfaces 4.1; 4.2 form a game 44 (see. Fig. 3b ), which ranges between 0.05 and 0.1 mm and has the same function as the game 15. The introduction of the game 44 on the vertical abutment surfaces 4.1; However, 4.2 is optional. In particular, the play 44 in the lower, adjacent to the gradations 38.1, 38.2 region of the abutment surfaces 4.1; 4.2 occur when one of the abutment surfaces 4.1; 4.2, or both are slightly inclined and are in contact with each other in the upper area.

The FIGS. 4 . 5a . 5b . 5c and 6 a floor panel 200, 200 'is to be taken which is very similar to the already described floor panel 100, 100'. Furthermore, on the floor panel 200, 200 'equal parts with the same reference numbers, in the Figures 1 to 3b occur.

The differences between the two embodiments relate to the contours of the head piece 48 and the lip 24. The floor panel 200, 200 'provides that the free surface 14 of the lip 24 has an oblique sliding surface 30 at its transition 36 to the groove flank 29 of the groove 18, whereas the head piece 48 is free from bevels, d. H. its side walls 22, 23 go sharp-edged into the trapezoid base surface 13.

Of course, it is possible to additionally provide bevels and / or 0 curves both on the lip 24 and on the head piece 48.

Furthermore, the shows Fig. 5b a funnel-shaped groove 8, the tip of which are in contact with each other Impact surfaces 4.1, 4.2 covers. The grooves 8 mimic laid floor panels 200, 200 'an unillustrated pattern of visible, mutually parallel joints. This design can facilitate the cleaning and dedusting of the grooves mimicking the joints.

The Fig. 5c shows a force arrangement in the region of the dovetail joint 10. F1 denotes a substantially horizontal contact force. Reference numerals F2 and F3 denote horizontal forces on both sides of the dovetail joint. The forces or the corresponding pressures prevent the movements in the laying plane E parallel to the longitudinal side of the floor panel and perpendicular to the laying plane E.

• Winkel zwischen der Nutflanke 29.1 und einer Vertikalen 37 (senkrecht zur Basisfläche 12). Der Winkel liegt zwischen 4° und 5°;
• Winkel als Neigungswinkel zwischen den Seitenwänden 22, 23 des Kopfstücks 48. Der Winkel beträgt 8°;
• Winkel zwischen der Nutflanke 29.2 und einer Vertikalen 39 (senkrecht zur Basisfläche 12). Der Winkel liegt zwischen 1° und 2°.

Also, in Fig. 5c the following angles are shown:

• Angle between the groove flank 29.1 and a vertical 37 (perpendicular to the base surface 12). The angle is between 4 ° and 5 °;
• Angle as the angle of inclination between the side walls 22, 23 of the head piece 48. The angle is 8 °;
• Angle between the groove flank 29.2 and a vertical 39 (perpendicular to the base surface 12). The angle is between 1 ° and 2 °.

The values of angles, and are different for each sidewall or groove flank.

Fig. 6 represents floor panels 300, 300 'in a laid state, which is basically a variant of the floor panel 200, 200' is. The distinguishing feature is a three-layered construction of the floor panel. The floor panel 300, 300 'has a wear layer 5 of hardwood, a core layer 3 of wood-based material and a bottom layer 7 of solid wood. The wear layer 5 is bounded by the perpendicular to the visible surface 11 extending abutment surfaces 4.1, 4.2. Furthermore, in Fig. 6 the sliding surface 30 and a chamfer surface opposite bevel 67 on the lip 24 and chamfers 68 and 69 at the base surface of the head piece 48 and a slight bevel 70 at the step 38.1 to see. The said chamfers facilitate the insertion of the header into the groove of the locking arm 20.

The Figures 10a and 10b show floor panels 400, 400 ', in which the head piece 48 in cross-section is not trapezoidal, but rectangular, apart from the bevels 68, 69. Likewise, the groove 18 of the locking arm 20 is substantially rectangular. On the outer side surface 22 of the head piece 48, a groove 61 extends along the floor panel 400 into which a projection 62 of the counter panel 400 'projecting beyond the groove flank 29.2 of the groove 18 engages (cf. Fig. 10d ).

The outer side wall 22 of the head piece 48 is set back relative to its abutment surface 4.2. The same applies to the groove 18 of the locking arm 20, in which the groove flank 29.2 is also set back relative to its impact surface 4.1.

as the Fig. 10c shows, the Bodenpaneel 400 is inserted with its head piece 48 in the groove 18 of the Gegenpaneels 400 'with a slight force such that the chamfers 68, 69 of the head piece 48 on the chamfers 70, 30 of the Gegenpaneels 400' slide. The lip 24 deforms slightly. After passing the projection 62, the head piece 48 engages in the groove 18 a.

In assembled state (cf. Fig. 10d ) a hook connection 10 is formed, in which the groove flanks 29.1, 29.2 are in contact with the side walls 22, 23 of the head piece 48 or press against them. The lip 24 presses against the head piece 48. The resulting hook connection 10 can also be referred to as a snap connection.

There are also the first game 15 between a groove flank 63 of the groove 61 and the projection 62 and the second game 25 between the head piece 48 and the groove bottom 21 is present.

The game 15; 25 allows the compensation of the dimensional changes of the material. The gradation 38.1 or the lead 62 stabilizes the resulting hook connection 10 perpendicular to the visible surface 11 and secures the abutment surfaces against excessive pressure in moisture-related dimensional changes of the wood material.

With this design principle, the projection 62 and the groove 61 provide as a special locking element for a stable hook connection, in which the vertical release of the installed floor panels is difficult.

In Figures 11a and 11b Floor panels 500, 500 'are shown, which are almost identical to the floor panels 300, 300', therefore, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals. However, the head piece 48 has on its lower surface 13 a parallel to the longitudinal direction of the abutting surface 4.2 extending, in its cross-section triangular groove 64. Accordingly, the groove bottom 21 of the groove 18 on a groove 64 compatible projection 65 which in the assembled state (see. Fig. 11b ) engages the groove 64. The groove 64 with the projection 65 act resiliently when pressing the head piece against the locking arm 20 and compensate for the deformations occurring.

In the Fig. 12 it is floor panels 600, 600 ', in which the head piece 48 and the groove 18 in its cross section in the form of an orthogonal trapezoid. The trapezoid tapers towards the lower surface 13 of the head piece. Accordingly, the inner side surface 23 of the header 48 is opposite to a vertical inclined to the base surface 12 at an acute angle. The angle is in the present case about 20 ° and may vary according to experience. There are also the first game 15 between the groove flank 63 of the groove 61 and the projection 62 and the second game 25 between the head piece 48 and the groove bottom 21 can be seen.

FIGS. 13a and 13b represent a modified embodiment (reference numeral 700, 700 ') of in Fig. 6 In addition, the same parts are designated by like reference numerals. In the core 3 stiffening profiles (C-profile) 66.1, 66.2 are embedded so that a central web 71 of the C-profile with the surface 72 of the core 3 is in alignment and the two C-legs 73.1, 73.2 of the C-profile in the direction Floor layer 7 show. The stiffening profiles 66.1, 66.2 are made of aluminum, for example. Preferably, the stiffening profiles 66.1, 66.2 extend parallel to impact surface 4.1, 4.2 and in their vicinity. The C-leg 73.2 of the stiffening profile 66.2 engages the material of the head piece 48.

The stiffening profiles 66.1, 66.2 may also be "T", "L" or "I" shaped. Other materials for the stiffening profiles are metals, hard plastics, such as polycarbon and other, resins and harder wood materials.

The stiffening principle using the same C-profiles is also the Figures 14 a and 14 b and the FIGS. 15a and 15b refer to.

The Figures 14 a and 14 b show three-layered floor panels 800, 800 'of changed cross-section of the hook connection 10. The head piece 48 has approximately the shape of a parallelogram in its cross-section, in which the outer and inner side surfaces 22, 23 of the head piece are inclined at the same angle. Accordingly, the groove 18 of the locking arm 20 is designed, that is, it also has the shape of a parallelogram. The groove flanks 29.1, 29.2 are arranged parallel to each other. Furthermore, the gradation is 38.2 in the transition region of the impact surface 4.1 to the head piece 48 and the second, beveled gradation 38.1 to see the groove 18.

The FIGS. 15 a and 15b show floor panels 900, 900 'in a different embodiment. The floor panels 900, 900 'also consist of three layers, as in Fig. 6 has been described. The hook connection is in its simplest form. The head piece 48 is positively accommodated in the groove 18, leaving the lower play 25. The outer side surface 22 of the head piece 48 is in alignment with the impact surface 4.1. Likewise, the groove flank 29.2 of the groove 18 of the locking arm 20 is flat and is in alignment with the impact surface 4.2. The lip 24 presses against the head piece 48.

For all floor panels 100, 100 'described above; 200, 200 ', 300, 300'; 400, 400 '; 500, 500 '; 600, 600 ', 700, 700'; 800, 800 'and 900, 900', that their remaining, lying on the longitudinal sides side surfaces 1.1, 2.1 locking means 9; 19 having an in Fig. 9 form illustrated tongue and groove connection 40. The parts of the locking means 9; 19 are detailed in FIGS. 7a . 7b . 8a . 8b shown.

That's how it shows Fig. 7a the floor panel 200, 200 'in section AA according to Fig.1 in which the lying on the longitudinal sides of the floor panel side surfaces 1.1, 2.1 are visible. The side surface 2.1 comprises, starting from the visible surface 11, an abutment surface 41.1, a groove 32 and a lower leg 42 projecting beyond the abutment surface 41.1 and ending with an upwardly pointing lip 43.

On the leg 42 a concave, upwardly open blocking seat 45 can be seen, which connects on the one hand to a lower groove flank 46.1 of the groove 32 and on the other hand to an upper, free surface 47 of the lip 43. The free surface 47 of the lip 43 drops obliquely in the direction of blocking seat 45. An upper groove flank 46.2 of the groove 32 is parallel to the lower groove flank 46.1. The groove 32 has a groove bottom 49, which is set back relative to the abutment surface 41.1 and on its two sides via bevels 55.1, 55.2 merges into the groove flanks 46.1, 46.2.

The opposite side surface 1.1 comprises, starting from the visible surface 11, an abutment surface 41.2, a adapted to the groove 32, over the abutment surface 41.2 projecting spring 51 and a downwardly directed, approximately semicircular projection 52. The projection 52 is followed by a recess 50 into which the lip 43 engages. The recess 50 is bounded by the projection 52, a bottom 53 arranged parallel to the base surface 12, and a lower wall surface 54 extending perpendicularly to the base surface 12. The spring 51 is characterized by two bevels 56.1, 56.2. The spring may also be in the form of an unsymmetrical trapezoid (not shown).

The spring 51 and the groove 32 form the first locking means 9. The lower projection 52 and the blocking seat 45 with lip 43 form the second locking means 16 (see. Fig. 9 ).

In Fig. 7b are the same parts as in Fig. 7a , shown and designated by like reference numerals. Shown are radii R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 at the curves of the side surfaces 1.1, 2.1, wherein the radius R1 a transition 57 of the lower groove edge 46.2 to the blocking seat 45, the radius R2 the central region of the concave blocker seat 45th , the radius R3 is assigned to the left area of the blocking seat 45 and the radius R4 to a transition 58 of the blocking seat 45 to the free area 47 of the lip 43.

The radius R5 (on the side surface 1.1) refers to the left side of the lower projection 52. The radius R6 is assigned to the central region of the projection 52 and the radius R7 a transition 59 of the spring 51 to the projection 52.

The concave shape of the blocking seat 45 does not represent a regular semicircle since its radii R2, R3 have different values. The same applies to the downwardly directed projection 52. Preferably, the projection 52 has three circular arc sections of different radii.

Preferably, the radii R2 (middle area of the blocker seat 45) and R6 (middle area of the protrusion 52) are approximately equal.

• R1: 0,5 mm
• R2: 2,1 mm
• R3: 12,1 mm
• R4: 1,0 mm
• R5: 0,5 mm
• R6: 2,4 mm
• R7: 1,0 mm

The radii sizes are as follows:

• R1: 0.5 mm
• R2: 2.1 mm
• R3: 12.1 mm
• R4: 1.0 mm
• R5: 0.5 mm
• R6: 2.4 mm
• R7: 1.0 mm

The thickness of the solid floor panel 200, 200 'is 14 mm in the present case. Thicknesses between 8 mm and 30 mm are provided.

The Fig. 8a shows the floor panels 200, 200 'during their laying on the ground 26 (= laying plane E). The floor panel 200 'is inserted with its spring 51 in the groove 32 of the already installed counter panel 200 such that
the spring with its bevel 56.2 on the rounded transition 57 of the lower groove flank 46.2 to the blocking seat 45 and
the lower projection 52 slide over the inclined upper surface 47 of the lip 43 until the spring 51 is fully inserted into the groove 32 and the projection 52 into the blocking seat 45 (see FIG. FIGS. 8b and 9 ) reach.

At the same time, however, the head piece 48 is inserted into the groove 18 (cf. Fig. 5a ) is pressed from the longitudinal side gradually so that first slides over the tapered sliding surface 30 and after passing the sliding surface in the groove 18 engages until the dovetail connection 10 (see. Fig. 5b ) on the narrow sides comes about.

However, pushing such a head piece 48 into the groove 18 is difficult and can be realized only by the flexibility of the locking arm 20. The lip arm 24 supporting the locking arm 20 bends under temporary enlargement of the clear width of the groove 18. After insertion of the head piece 48 in the groove 18, the restoring force of the lip 24 causes her return to the starting position. When pushing in the head piece 48 also the said bevels or sliding surface 30 play an important role.

As the Fig. 9 shows, after laying the floor panels 200, 200 'between the projection 52 and the blocking seat 45 has a chamber 60 which is crescent-shaped in cross-section and tapers in the direction of lip 43 such that between the lip 43 and the left portion of the projection 52 is a slight dilation column S1. A second dilation column S2 lies between the spring 51 and the lower groove flank 46.2 of the groove 32. The dilation column can also be referred to as play.

The locking means 9; 19 are dimensioned so that after the panel laying - in the dry state - the Dilatationsspalten or games between the projection 52 and the blocking seat 45 may correspond to the intended increase in the dimensions of the floor panels. The proposed increase in dimensions is in the present case about 0.15 mm.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1.1, 2.1

side surface

1.2, 2.2

side surface

3

core layer

4.1, 4.2

abutting face

5

wear layer

6

locking means

7

soil layer

8th

groove

9

locking means

10

hook connection

11

viewing area

12

footprint

13

footprint

14

free area (v. 24)

15

game

16

locking means

17

Ground (v.28)

18

groove

19

locking means

20

lock

21

Groove bottom (v.18)

22.23

Side wall

24

lip

25

game

26

underground

28

recess

29.1, 29.2

Groove flank (v.18)

30

sliding surface

31

free space

32

groove

33

clear width (v.28)

34

free space

35

Flank (from 28)

36

Transition (v. 14)

37

vertical

3.8.1, 38.2

gradation

39

vertical

40

Tongue and groove

41.1, 41.2

abutting face

42

leg

43

lip

44

game

45

blocking seat

46.1, 46.2

Groove flank (v. 32)

47

free area (v. 43)

48

headpiece

49

Groove bottom (v. 32)

50

recess

51

feather

52

head Start

53

ground

54

Wall surface (v. 50)

55.1, 55.2

Bevel (v. 32)

56.1, 56.2

Bevel (v. 51)

57

crossing

58

crossing

59

crossing

60

chamber

61

groove

62

head Start

63

Groove flank (v. 61)

64

groove

65

head Start

66.1, 66.2

stiffening profile

67

bevel

68

bevel

69

bevel

70

bevel

71

center web

72

Surface (v. 3)

73.1, 73.2

C-leg

100, 100 '

Floor panel (counter panel)

200, 200 '

Floor panel (counter panel)

300, 300 '

Floor panel (counter panel)

400, 400 '

Floor panel (counter panel)

500, 500 '

Floor panel (counter panel)

600, 600 '

Floor panel (counter panel)

700, 700 '

Floor panel (counter panel)

800, 800 '

Floor panel (counter panel)

900, 900 '

Floor panel (counter panel)

A

distance

B

Width (v. 17)

e

laying plane

F1, F2, F3

thrust

'' '

angle

R1, R2, R3, R4

Radius (on the side surface 2.1)

R5, R6, R7

Radius (on the side surface 2.2)

S1

Dilatationsspalte

Claims (9)

1. Plate-shaped, rectangular construction panel (100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800), comprising:

   - a visible surface (11),

   - a base surface (12) opposite the visible surface (11),

   - two mutually parallel, profiled side surfaces (1.1, 2.1) and two other similarly mutually parallel, profiled side surfaces (1.2, 2.2) extending perpendicular to the side surfaces (1.1, 2.1), wherein all side surfaces (1.1, 2.1; 1.2, 2.2) are delimited by the visible surface (11) and base surface (12),

   - at least one pair of first locking means (6, 16) incorporated in the side surfaces of the construction panel, being mutually compatible and cooperating in the laid condition, and second locking means (9, 19), with which at least two such construction panels (100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800) can be fixed at least in one laying plane (E),

   wherein, when at least two such construction panels are in the fitted-together condition, at least the first locking means (6, 16) form a hook connection (10) in which one locking means (6) has a locking arm (20) protruding beyond an abutment surface (4.1) of the construction panel and running out into a protruding lip (24), whereas the other locking means (16) has a head piece (48) engaging into a polygonal groove (18) in the locking arm (20), the lower surface (13) of which head piece, facing the base surface (12), extends in a plane-parallel manner with respect to the base surface (12),
   wherein the lower surface (13) is delimited by an outer side wall (22) and an inner side wall (23) of the head piece (48) opposite the outer side wall,
   wherein the base surface (12) merges into a groove-like aperture (28) adjoining the head piece (48), into which aperture the lip (24) engages in the fitted-together condition and presses against the inner side wall (23) of the head piece (48),
   wherein the inner side wall (23) of the head piece (48) reaches to a floor (17) of the aperture (28),
   wherein the outer side wall (22) of the head piece (48) merges into a step (38.2) or a groove (61) which in turn adjoins an abutment surface (4.2) reaching to the visible surface (11) and directed perpendicularly to the visible surface (11),
   wherein the groove (18) of the locking arm (20) runs out on the one hand into a free surface (14) of the lip (24) facing away from the base surface (12) and on the other hand into a step (38.1) or a protrusion (62),
   wherein the step (38.1) or the protrusion (62) merges into the abutment surface (4.1) reaching to the visible surface (11),
   wherein, in the fitted-together condition of at least two such construction panels, between the protrusion (62) and a groove flank (63) of the groove (61) facing the visible surface (11) or between the two steps (38.1, 38.2), which lie one above the other, a first clearance (15) is formed,
   wherein, in the fitted-together condition of at least two such construction panels, between the base surface (13) of the head piece (48) and a groove floor (21) of the groove (18), a second clearance (25) is formed,
   characterised in that

   - in the laid condition, the second locking means (9, 19) form a tongue and groove connection (40) disposed on the side surface (1.1, 2.1) of the long side of the construction panels, in which tongue and groove connection, on one side surface (1.1), a protrusion (52) with a semi-circular cross-section, and, on the other side surface, a blocking seat with a concave shape are fitted one inside the other in such a way that

   - a chamber (60) with a sickle-shaped cross-section remains, which tapers in the direction of one side surface (1.1) in such a way that between the protrusion (52) and a lip (43) located on one limb (42) of the tongue and groove connection, an expansion gap (S1) remains,

   - and a second expansion gap (S2) lies between a tongue (51) located on the side surface (1.1) and a lower groove flank (46.2) of a groove (32) disposed on the other side surface (2.1), to which groove the tongue (51) is adapted.
2. Construction panel as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the construction panel is solid.
3. Construction panel as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the construction panel is multi-layered.
4. Construction panel as claimed in claim 3 characterised in that the construction panel consists of a usage layer (5) comprising the visible surface (11), of a floor layer (7) opposite the usage layer and comprising the base surface (12), and of a core layer (3) disposed therebetween, wherein at least the usage layer (5) is delimited with the abutment surfaces (4.1, 4.2) extending perpendicular to the visible surface (11).
5. Construction panel as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that at least one stiffening profile (66.1, 66.2) is incorporated into the core layer (3).
6. Construction panel as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the stiffening profile (66.1, 66.2) is "C", "T", "L" or "I"-shaped.
7. Construction panel as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the stiffening profile (66.1, 66.2) consists of metal, synthetic material or wooden material.
8. Construction panel as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the construction panel is a wall, ceiling, floor or furniture panel.
9. Surface covering, consisting of joined construction panels as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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