EP2481131B1 - Kommutator zur stromübertragung in einer elektrischen maschine - Google Patents

Kommutator zur stromübertragung in einer elektrischen maschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2481131B1
EP2481131B1 EP10755172.3A EP10755172A EP2481131B1 EP 2481131 B1 EP2481131 B1 EP 2481131B1 EP 10755172 A EP10755172 A EP 10755172A EP 2481131 B1 EP2481131 B1 EP 2481131B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
collector
brush
commutator
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10755172.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2481131A1 (de
Inventor
Jan Goehler
Michael Bayer
Antje Winkelmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to PL10755172T priority Critical patent/PL2481131T3/pl
Publication of EP2481131A1 publication Critical patent/EP2481131A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2481131B1 publication Critical patent/EP2481131B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/04—Commutators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/022—Details for dynamo electric machines characterised by the materials used, e.g. ceramics
    • H01R39/025—Conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/20—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/06—Manufacture of commutators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/12—Manufacture of brushes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a commutator for power transmission in an electrical machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Commutators are used for power transmission to the rotor mounted in a rotating manner in a stator and for current application in short-circuited armature coils, consisting of an armature-side collector and brushes adjacent to the collector.
  • the housing-fixed carbon brushes are applied to the lateral surface of the rotating collector, wherein the material properties of Kommutator ister has a significant influence on the power transmission rate of the carbon brush on the collector and on the wear, in particular the carbon brush.
  • a metal-filled carbon brush for a small motor which is designed as a sintered component and consists of a cleaned graphite powder, which is mixed with metal powder, compression-molded and then sintered.
  • the invention has the object of providing a commutator in an electrical machine in such a way that on the one hand a high power transmission and on the other a long life is guaranteed.
  • the commutator according to the invention is used for power transmission and current application in electrical machines, in particular in electric motors, both use in DC motors and in AC motors is considered.
  • such commutators can be used in DC starter motors for internal combustion engines, which are designed either as electric or permanent-magnet motors and can be used both for gasoline engines and for diesel engines.
  • start-stop systems for internal combustion engines or use as an electric machine in hybrid vehicles come into consideration.
  • Further possible uses are electric drives, in particular as a servomotor in vehicles, for example for engine cooling, vehicle air conditioning or as a windscreen wiper motor.
  • a use in electric motors for power tools is possible.
  • a use in slip-ring asynchronous motors and three-phase generators with high robustness and durability is conceivable.
  • the commutator comprises an armature-side collector which is fixedly coupled to the armature of the electric machine, and at least one brush fixed to the housing, via which the current is transmitted to the collector for energizing armature coils.
  • At least one current-transmitting component of the commutator is designed as a porous ceramic body with infiltrated metal.
  • the porous ceramic body is a preform that is infiltrated with molten metal during the manufacturing process, for example by gas pressure infiltration or squeeze-cast technology.
  • the current-carrying component of the commutator embodied in this way thus consists of a metal-ceramic composite material which is designed as a preform-based material (P-MMC) or produced in this way.
  • the ceramic content in the composite ensures high resistance to wear and corrosion, and high temperature resistance is achieved (up to 800 ° C when using Cu as a metallic component).
  • the ceramic component reduces the friction during the relative movement between brush and collector shell surface, so that the wear resistance is increased.
  • Another advantage is that even larger components with complex geometries are completely infiltrated with the metal without cracking. As a result, both the brushes and the collector can be produced with the respective desired geometry.
  • At least one commutator component - one or more brushes and / or the collector - is made from the metal-ceramic composite material with the porous ceramic body with infiltrated metal.
  • Both variant embodiments, in which only the brushes or only the collector or both the brushes and the collector are made of the metal-ceramic composite material, are possible.
  • both the brush and the collector made of the composite material both the same composite materials and different composite materials for the brush and the collector can be used or the same or different mixing ratios of ceramic to metal content can be used.
  • Suitable ceramic components are oxides, nitrides or carbides, for example Al 2 O 3 , AlN, TiN, Si 3 N 4 , SiC or silicon-infiltrated SiC.
  • a metallic component preferably highly conductive materials are used, in particular copper or copper alloys, but also silver, gold, aluminum, iron, tin and their alloys.
  • lubricants and abrasives may be added as needed.
  • the composite material embodied as a porous ceramic body with infiltrated metal also has a high electrical and thermal conductivity in addition to the resistance to wear, temperature and corrosion that results from the ceramic component.
  • specific electrical resistances between about 0.05 ⁇ m and 10 15 ⁇ m can be generated.
  • the brush may be convenient to make the brush with multiple functional layers, each made as a metal-ceramic composite, but having a different metal or ceramic content.
  • the transition between these functional layers can optionally be discrete or continuous be.
  • the brush is designed, for example, with two layers with different metal content, the layer lying in the relative direction of movement having a higher metal content as the power layer and having a higher current transmission rate than the layer lying in the relative direction of movement forming a commutation layer.
  • the comparatively higher proportion of ceramic in the commutation layer allows commutation by means of a high tangential resistance and reduces the formation of sparks on the running edge of the brush.
  • the power layer which has a higher metal content, has a larger contact cross-section in relation to the commutation layer, in particular a greater thickness in the direction of movement, optionally also a greater width transversely to the direction of movement.
  • the larger contact area of the power layer allows higher power transfer rates.
  • the collector is made of a composite material with a relatively high metal content, which allows a high power transmission rate.
  • the composite material from which the collector is made can be constructed at least approximately the same as the composite material of the power layer in the brush, but it expediently has a higher metal content than the commutation layer.
  • the core of the collector can be represented as a dense ceramic insulator.
  • the ceramic precursor body is designed such that the later running surfaces of the collector consist of a freely selectable composition of metal and ceramic.
  • different mixing ratios ceramic to metal portion can be used axially along the segments of the collector to produce the electrical contact with the armature winding.
  • a production-related encapsulation on the brush as a brush plate, via which the electrical contacting by means of a rigid or flexible electrical conductor (eg strand) takes place.
  • the encapsulation represents a surface of the ceramic body at least partially covering layer, which can be used as a foot plate for holding and contacting the layers in the brush.
  • the in Fig. 1 shown commutator 1 is used for power transmission and current application in electrical machines such as electric motors or generators and comprises a cylindrical collector 2 which is rotatably connected to the armature of the electric machine, which is rotatably mounted in a stator, and brushes 3, which at the lie radially on the outer surface of the cylindrical collector 2 or on the disk running surface on contact and transmit electricity to the collector 2, which is passed through a strand 4 in the brush 3.
  • the collector 2 can also be designed as a disc.
  • Other contacts, such as metal bands or pressure springs are also possible.
  • the commutator 1 has two diametrically opposite brushes 3. In principle, however, come into consideration also commutators with a larger number of brushes, for example, four or six brushes.
  • the collector 2 has a plurality of individual, circumferentially separated segments 5, which are electrically connected to armature coils. During a rotary movement of the armature or the collector 2 in the direction of rotation 6, the lateral surface slides of the collector along the facing end face of the brushes 3, at the same time the power is transmitted from the brushes 3 to the segments 5 of the collector. 2
  • a section through a brush 3 is shown.
  • the power supply via the strand 4 or a comparable contacting is optionally carried out in a brush plate 7, which is a base plate and is connected to two layers 8 and 9 of the brush, which are formed as a power layer 8 and commutation 9.
  • the power layer 8 lies at the front and the commutation layer 9 at the rear, correspondingly 8a denotes the tapered edge (leading edge) of the brush 3 and 9a the trailing edge (trailing edge).
  • the power layer 8 in front of the commutation layer 9 comes into contact with the respective next segment 5 on the collector 2.
  • the frontal contact surface of the brush 3, which is in contact with the lateral surface of the collector is provided with reference numeral 10.
  • Both layers 8 and 9 of the brush 3 are made of a metal-ceramic composite material and are designed as a porous ceramic body with infiltrated metal (preform-based metal matrix composite - P-MMC).
  • This is a porous, ceramic preform, which is preferably infiltrated by pressurized gas pressure infiltration or molten metal squeeze-cast technology.
  • the front power layer 8 has a larger contact cross section than the rear commutation layer 9, so that in the region of the contact surface 10, the power layer 8 touches the outer surface of the collector over a larger area than the commutation layer 9.
  • the larger contact cross section is in particular by a larger width or thickness of the power layer 8 achieved, measured in the direction of relative movement.
  • the thickness of the power layer 8 is about twice as large as the thickness of the commutation layer 9.
  • the infusion represents a metal layer on the ceramic body outside and consists of the same material as the introduced into the ceramic body metal.
  • oxides, nitrides or carbides come into consideration, as the metal, copper or a copper alloy is preferably used. In consideration come as a metallic component but also other highly conductive metals such as silver, gold, aluminum, iron, tin and alloys thereof.
  • the power layer 8 and the commutation layer 9 differ with regard to their ceramic or metal content.
  • the power layer 8 has a higher metal content than the commutation layer 9, which improves the electrical conductivity of the power layer 8.
  • the commutation layer 9 is very wear and temperature resistant due to the higher ceramic content.
  • the sparking in the region of the trailing edge 9a is reduced due to the higher ceramic content.
  • Fig. 3 the collector 2 is shown in section.
  • the segments 5 on the outside of the collector 2, which are each separated in the circumferential direction from each other, are also made of a metal-ceramic composite material in the form of a porous ceramic body with infiltrated metal (P-MMC).
  • P-MMC porous ceramic body with infiltrated metal

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
EP10755172.3A 2009-09-23 2010-09-21 Kommutator zur stromübertragung in einer elektrischen maschine Not-in-force EP2481131B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL10755172T PL2481131T3 (pl) 2009-09-23 2010-09-21 Komutator do przesyłu prądu w maszynie elektrycznej

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009029687A DE102009029687A1 (de) 2009-09-23 2009-09-23 Kommutator zur Stromübertragung in einer elektrischen Maschine
PCT/EP2010/063840 WO2011036132A1 (de) 2009-09-23 2010-09-21 Kommutator zur stromübertragung in einer elektrischen maschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2481131A1 EP2481131A1 (de) 2012-08-01
EP2481131B1 true EP2481131B1 (de) 2014-06-18

Family

ID=43302083

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10755172.3A Not-in-force EP2481131B1 (de) 2009-09-23 2010-09-21 Kommutator zur stromübertragung in einer elektrischen maschine

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20120262025A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP2481131B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN102576968A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR112012006525A2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE102009029687A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IN (1) IN2012DN02317A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
PL (1) PL2481131T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO2011036132A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10598222B2 (en) * 2012-01-03 2020-03-24 New Way Machine Components, Inc. Air bearing for use as seal
EP3093355B1 (en) * 2015-05-13 2018-10-10 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Method for manufacturing a composite component of a timepiece or of a jewelry part, and composite component obtainable by such method
CN104917353A (zh) * 2015-05-13 2015-09-16 赵士立 一种静力滚动传动带弱电转换器
CN106207692B (zh) * 2016-07-07 2018-11-20 合肥学院 一种利用稻壳制备电机电刷的方法
JP2018125980A (ja) * 2017-02-01 2018-08-09 株式会社デンソー モータ
DE102023102684A1 (de) 2023-02-03 2024-08-08 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Stromübertragungseinheit einer elektrischen Maschine, Verfahren zum Betrieb und Verwendung einer Stromübertragungseinheit
DE102023113867A1 (de) * 2023-05-26 2024-11-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kontaktbürste, Vorrichtung sowie Kraftfahrzeug

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GB713982A (en) * 1952-03-07 1954-08-18 Metro Cutanit Ltd Improvements relating to the manufacture of commutator segments
GB1311994A (en) * 1970-04-22 1973-03-28 Ver Volkseigener Betriebe Elek Movable contacts for electrical apparatus
JPS59216446A (ja) * 1983-05-19 1984-12-06 Hitachi Ltd 回転電機の整流装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20120262025A1 (en) 2012-10-18
CN102576968A (zh) 2012-07-11
DE102009029687A1 (de) 2011-03-24
WO2011036132A1 (de) 2011-03-31
IN2012DN02317A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 2015-08-21
EP2481131A1 (de) 2012-08-01
PL2481131T3 (pl) 2014-11-28
BR112012006525A2 (pt) 2016-04-26

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