EP2480345B1 - Transducteur électroacoustique, en particulier transducteur d'émission - Google Patents

Transducteur électroacoustique, en particulier transducteur d'émission Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2480345B1
EP2480345B1 EP09740040.2A EP09740040A EP2480345B1 EP 2480345 B1 EP2480345 B1 EP 2480345B1 EP 09740040 A EP09740040 A EP 09740040A EP 2480345 B1 EP2480345 B1 EP 2480345B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
electroacoustic transducer
lamellae
transducer according
end caps
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09740040.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2480345A2 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Busch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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Atlas Elektronik GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2480345A2 publication Critical patent/EP2480345A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2480345B1 publication Critical patent/EP2480345B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
    • B06B1/0655—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element of cylindrical shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electroacoustic transducer, in particular a transmitting transducer, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the distance of the two plate-shaped end caps is made by a piezoelectric actuator, which consists of a stack of hollow cylindrical, piezoceramic elements with electrodes arranged therebetween.
  • the two plate-like, annular or polygonal end caps are arranged at the end faces of the stack, and a tie rod passed through the hollow cylindrical piezoceramic elements and the end plates sets the stack under mechanical pressure.
  • concave curved lamellae are mounted with their ends at the periphery of the end caps with gap spacing in the circumferential direction side by side.
  • the concave curved lamellae are enclosed on the outside on their side facing away from the stack by a rubber sheath, which is attached to the end caps waterproof and the gaps between the lamellae waterproof covers.
  • electro-acoustic transducer sends relatively narrow band and can only up to a certain depth, eg about 100 m, are used, its transmission behavior, since it is filled with air, is influenced by the water depth.
  • the stack of piezoelectric elements, the so-called. Piezo stack, and the tensioning device for this condition in the known electroacoustic transducer a relatively high weight, which makes it suitable for certain types of use in the Underwater sound, eg for installation in towed antennas or towed bodies, makes unattractive.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a suitable in particular for underwater electroacoustic transducer, which is characterized by a low weight and sufficiently inexpensive to manufacture at sufficiently high acoustic power, in particular transmission power.
  • the electroacoustic transducer according to the invention has the advantage that the vibration excitation of the slats not by a heavy-weight stack of piezoelectric elements, which must also be mechanically biased with a stable and heavy tie rods, but is produced by thin and lightweight composite modules that directly attached to the slats.
  • the attachment of the composite modules to the preferably made of plastic laminations is preferably carried out by laminating or laminating in the lamella production, whereby the non-fluid-resistant composite modules are already protected in production technology simple way against environmental influences, such as water or oil. Instead of laminating or laminating, it is also possible to consider sticking with a suitable adhesive.
  • the converter is characterized by a wider bandwidth than the well-known Barel Stave converters and is very well suited for use in acoustic underwater towed antennas due to its low weight and easy-to-fit dimensions.
  • each composite module is aligned on the slats so that the piezoceramic fibers extend in the longitudinal direction of the slats.
  • the electrodes are with a DC voltage thus proves that at the adjacent to a film layer electrodes alternately a high and a low DC potential and at the opposite to the piezoceramic fibers electrodes on the two film layers each have the same potential.
  • an alternating voltage can be applied to the electrodes.
  • the piezoceramic fibers in the composite modules in the same direction expansions and contractions in the longitudinal direction of the lamellae, whereby the lamellae, since they are mechanically fixed end, more or less strongly bend and thus transverse to the transducer axis, ie in the radial direction swing and create sound waves in the surrounding medium.
  • the moduli of elasticity of the slats and the number of composite modules present in each slat the acoustic power of the electroacoustic transducer is adjustable.
  • the distance between the end plates is made by means of a tube, on the two end faces of which the end plates are secured radially projecting beyond the tube.
  • the tube is made of a plastic material with inserted carbon or glass fibers. If the end plates and the lamellae are also advantageously produced from the plastic material, then the entire converter can be manufactured completely cost-effectively from FRP material. Such a converter is robust and has a low weight.
  • each end cap has in its area bounded by the end face of the tube a preferably coaxial with the tube axis passage opening and the tube shell of the tube breakthroughs.
  • the end caps are supported over its circumference in the interior of an oil-filled or gel-filled hose of an underwater towed antenna on its hose wall and the enclosed by the hose wall on the one hand and the lamella covering shell on the other hand enclosed space is hermetically sealed and filled with the same oil or gel ,
  • the pull cable of the underwater towed antenna extending in the hose and the connection lines for the transducers and electronic components present in the hose can advantageously be passed centrally through the interior of the transducers.
  • the tube wall of the end plates supporting tube is occupied by a plurality of spaced apart in the circumferential and axial direction of the tube composite modules, which are firmly connected to the tube wall, preferably laminated in this.
  • These composite modules are controlled in the same way as the composite modules assigned to the slats.
  • the control causes the pipe to expand and contract in the longitudinal axis alternately and reinforces the upsetting and stretching of the fins caused by the composite modules in the fins, increasing the acoustic power radiated by the transducer.
  • the composite modules may be disposed on the inside or outside or inside and outside, then preferably alternately, of the tube wall, and are preferably laminated into the tube wall so as to oppose the surrounding medium of the tube, such as oil or gel, are protected.
  • the in Fig. 1 in longitudinal section and in Fig. 2 partially shown in plan view electroacoustic transducer, which is preferably operated as a transmitting transducer, has two spaced apart, eg plate-like end caps 11, 12 and between the two end caps 11, 12 spanned here concave curved, vibratory fins 13.
  • the two end caps 11, 12 are attached to the end face of a tube 14 so that they project radially beyond the tube 14.
  • the tube 14 consists for example of plastic with inserted carbon or glass fibers.
  • the end caps 11, 12 and the fins 13 are made of the same plastic material, so that the entire converter can be inexpensively made entirely of plastic.
  • the end caps 11, 12 are formed in the embodiment as a circular plate.
  • the end caps 11, 12 may also be designed as polygonal plates whose number of edges corresponds to the number of lamellae 13, wherein the lamella ends in each case on one of the edges extending between the flat surface of the end caps 11, 12 rest and are fixed.
  • the juxtaposed, the tube 14 surrounding lamellae 13 are outside, ie on its side facing away from the tube 14 outside, enclosed by a fluid-tight, elastic shell 16 which covers the gap 15 between the slats 13 liquid-tight.
  • the sheath 16 is attached to the end caps 11, 12 in a fluid-tight manner.
  • At least one composite module 17 is fixed to each blade 13.
  • a plurality of composite modules are arranged on each blade 13, wherein the composite modules 17 are arranged spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the fins 13.
  • the solid connection of the composite modules 17 with the slats 13 takes place, for example, by gluing or lamination of the composite modules, the composite modules 17 being arranged on the outside or inside or on the outside and inside of the slats 13.
  • the composite modules 17 are arranged alternately on each lamella 13 on the inside and outside of the lamellae 13 and laminated into the lamella 13, which is carried out in the manufacturing process of the lamellae 13 with.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded view of the structure of a composite module 17 schematically outlined.
  • the composite module 17 has two congruent film layers 18, 19 of electrically insulating material, on whose mutually facing layer surfaces in each case an electrode structure 20 or 21 arranged, for example printed, is.
  • an electrode structure 20 or 21 arranged, for example printed, is.
  • dashed lines To visualize the on the lower layer surface of the in Fig. 3 upper film layer 18 arranged electrode structure 20, this is shown in dashed lines.
  • piezoceramic fibers 22 are arranged, which are spaced apart and preferably aligned parallel to each other.
  • the elongate piezoceramic fibers 22 have, for example, a square or rectangular cross section.
  • the gaps between the piezoceramic fibers 22 are filled with an electrically insulating material, for example with a polymer or epoxy, which is in Fig. 3 the sake of clarity is not shown, resulting in a coherent composite or composite layer.
  • the two electrode structures 20 are identical.
  • Each electrode structure 20 or 21 has two identically formed comb-like structural parts 23, 24 with a conductor track 25 or 26 extending in the direction of the piezoceramic fibers 22 and electrodes 27, 28 which extend in one piece, finger-like and preferably parallel to one another.
  • the two comb-like structural parts 23, 24 engage each other with their electrodes 27, 28, so that in each case one Electrode 27 of the one structural part 23 and an electrode 28 of the other structural part 24 of the electrical structures 20 and 21 are adjacent and parallel to each other.
  • Electrode 27 of the one structural part 23 and an electrode 28 of the other structural part 24 of the electrical structures 20 and 21 are adjacent and parallel to each other.
  • electrodes 27, 28 are therefore also referred to as "interdigitated electrods”.
  • the two film layers 18, 19 are arranged in mirror image with mutually facing electrode structures 20, 21 on the piezoceramic fibers 22, wherein only the electrodes 27, 28 (and not the conductor tracks 25, 26) contact the piezoceramic fibers 22 on their opposite longitudinal sides.
  • the two film layers 18, 19 with electrode structures 20, 21 resting on the piezoceramic fibers 22 are firmly connected to one another.
  • Such a composite module 17 is known and eg in the EP 1 983 584 A2 described there and referred to as "Piezoelectric macrofiber composite actuator".
  • the composite modules 17 connected to the slats 13 are aligned with the slats 13 in such a way that the piezoceramic fibers 22 run in the longitudinal direction of the slats 13.
  • the two structural parts 23, 24 of each electrode structure 20, 21 are subjected to a DC voltage, so that alternately at the on a film layer 18 and 19 adjacent electrodes 27, 28 alternately a high and a low DC potential and to the piezoceramic fibers 22 opposite electrodes 26 and 27 of the two film layers 18, 19 each have the same DC potential.
  • the DC voltage is an AC voltage superimposed so that the former is not exceeded.
  • the electroacoustic transducer radiates sound waves 29 in the radial direction, as in Fig. 1 symbolized is shown.
  • the transducer Due to the small dimensions of the transducer with respect to the wavelengths of the sound waves emitted by it at an operating frequency of, for example, 2 kHz, the transducer has an omnidirectional radiation behavior with broadband sound radiation.
  • the two film layers 18, 19 further, similar film layers with just such electrode structures 20, 21 rest, wherein there is always a layer of piezoceramic fibers 22 in the arrangement described between every two film layers.
  • ⁇ For use in underwater towed antennas are then preferably circular end caps 11, 12 in its bounded by the end face of the tube 14 area with a through hole 30, which is preferably introduced as a coaxial bore, and the tube 14 in its tubular jacket 141 with openings 31st , eg in the form of slits or circular or elliptical holes.
  • the electro-acoustic transducer is inserted into a hose 32 of an underwater towed antenna so that the end caps 11, 12 are supported on the hose wall of the hose 32 over their circumference. In Fig. 1 this is shown for an electroacoustic transducer.
  • a plurality of such electroacoustic transducers are arranged one behind the other in the hose in the manner described.
  • a usually centrally in the hose 32 extending, not shown here traction cable of the underwater towed antenna is guided by the hollow, enclosed by the tube 14 interior of the converter, as well as the electrical connection lines for the converter.
  • the tube 32 is filled with oil or gel and closed at the end.
  • the at each transducer between the two end caps 11, 12 extending and bounded by the tube wall of the tube 32 and the fins 13 sheath 16 limited space 33 is hermetically sealed and filled with the same oil or gel as the rest of the tube 32. This is ensures that between the hose 32 consecutively arranged transducers no acoustic short circuit can occur.
  • electroacoustic transducer is compared to the in Fig. 1 shown and described above, electroacoustic transducer modified insofar as composite modules 17 of the type described above are also associated with the tube 14 and are fixedly connected in the circumferential and axial direction of the tube 14 with the tube wall 141.
  • the solid connection of composite module 17 and pipe wall 141 is preferably carried out by lamination or can also be made by sticking with a suitable adhesive.
  • the slats 13 may also be convexly curved. Then, however, the converter is less suitable for installation in the hose of an underwater towed antenna, but is quite suitable for other purposes. It is also possible to refrain from a curvature of the slats 13 and to execute the slats 13 stretched flat. The effect of the conversion of the stretching movement of the lamellae 17 into a radial bulging movement is thereby reduced, so that the acoustic power of the transducer decreases.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Transducteur électroacoustique, en particulier un transducteur d'émission pour systèmes de sonar, comprenant deux bouchons d'extrémité (11, 12) agencés à distance l'un de l'autre avec plusieurs lamelles (13) en particulier courbées de manière concave, tendues entre les bouchons d'extrémité (11, 12), qui sont fixées côté extrémité aux bouchons d'extrémité (11, 12) les unes à côté des autres dans la direction périphérique et qui peuvent être mises en oscillation, et comprenant une enveloppe (16) élastique enfermant les lamelles (13) sur l'extérieur,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pour la mise en oscillation au moins un module composite (17) est fixé sur chaque lamelle (13), lequel présente des structures d'électrodes (20, 21) agencées sur au moins deux couches de film (18, 19) en matériau isolant, avec des électrodes (27, 28) de préférence parallèles espacées les unes des autres, et des fibres piézocéramiques (22) de préférence parallèles espacées les unes des autres agencées entre les couches de film (18, 19), des électrodes (27, 28) établissant un contact sur les faces longitudinales opposées l'une à l'autre des fibres piézocéramiques.
  2. Transducteur électroacoustique selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'au moins un module composite (17) sur la lamelle (13) est orienté de telle manière que les fibres piézocéramiques (22) s'étendent dans la direction longitudinale des lamelles (13), et en ce qu'aux électrodes (27, 28) est appliquée une tension continue telle qu'aux électrodes (27, 28) adjacentes sur une couche de film (18 ou 19) est appliqué en alternance un potentiel de tension continue élevé et faible et aux électrodes (27 ou 28) en face l'une de l'autre sur les fibres piézocéramiques (22) sur les deux couches de film (18, 19) est appliqué un potentiel de tension continue respectivement identique, et en ce qu'une tension alternative peut être appliquée sur les électrodes (27, 28).
  3. Transducteur électroacoustique selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la fixation des modules composites (17) sur les lamelles est effectuée par stratification en insert ou en revêtement.
  4. Transducteur électroacoustique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    chaque lamelle (13) est garnie de plusieurs modules composites (17) qui sont agencés à distance les uns des autres dans la direction longitudinale des lamelles (13).
  5. Transducteur électroacoustique selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les plusieurs modules composites (17) sont agencés les uns à la suite des autres sur les faces extérieures ou intérieures ou en alternance sur des faces opposées l'une à l'autre des lamelles (13).
  6. Transducteur électroacoustique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les lamelles (13) sont composées de matière plastique avec des fibres de verre ou de carbone intercalées.
  7. Transducteur électroacoustique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'écart entre les bouchons d'extrémité (11, 12) est réalisé au moyen d'un tube (14) composé de préférence de matière plastique avec des fibres de verre ou de carbone intercalées, aux deux faces frontales duquel les bouchons d'extrémité (11, 12) composés de préférence de matière plastique sont fixés dépassant radialement du tube (14).
  8. Transducteur électroacoustique selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    chaque bouchon d'extrémité (11, 12) dans sa zone limitée par la face frontale du tube (14) présente une ouverture de passage (30) de préférence coaxiale avec l'axe du tube et en ce que la paroi de tube (141) du tube (14) présente des ajours (31).
  9. Transducteur électroacoustique selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les bouchons d'extrémité (11, 12) s'appuient sur leur périphérie à l'intérieur d'un tuyau (32) rempli d'huile ou de gel d'une antenne remorquée sous-marine contre sa paroi de tuyau et en ce que l'espace intermédiaire (33) limité par la paroi de tuyau et l'enveloppe (16) recouvrant les lamelles s'étendant entre les deux bouchons d'extrémité (11, 12) est fermé hermétiquement et est rempli de la même huile ou du même gel.
  10. Transducteur électroacoustique selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la paroi de tube (141) du tube (14) est garnie de plusieurs modules composites (14) espacés les uns des autres dans la direction périphérique et la direction axiale du tube (14), lesquels sont fixés solidement sur la paroi de tube (141), de préférence stratifiés en insert dans la paroi de tube (141).
  11. Transducteur électroacoustique selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les modules composites (17) sont agencés sur la face extérieure ou la face intérieure de la paroi de tube (141) ou sur la face extérieure et la face intérieure de la paroi de tube ou de préférence tour à tour sur la face extérieure et la face intérieure de la paroi de tube (141).
EP09740040.2A 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Transducteur électroacoustique, en particulier transducteur d'émission Active EP2480345B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2009/001333 WO2011035745A2 (fr) 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Transducteur électroacoustique, en particulier transducteur d'émission

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2480345A2 EP2480345A2 (fr) 2012-08-01
EP2480345B1 true EP2480345B1 (fr) 2013-08-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09740040.2A Active EP2480345B1 (fr) 2009-09-22 2009-09-22 Transducteur électroacoustique, en particulier transducteur d'émission

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US20120213036A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2480345B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20120068935A (fr)
DE (1) DE112009005266A5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011035745A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011121006B4 (de) * 2011-10-28 2015-08-13 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Elektroakustischer Wandler
US10119943B2 (en) * 2012-12-12 2018-11-06 Aktiebolaget Skf Couplant and arrangement of couplant, transducer, and construction component
GB2526566A (en) 2014-05-28 2015-12-02 Skf Ab Couplant and arrangement of couplant, transducer, and construction component
US10641743B2 (en) 2014-06-24 2020-05-05 Q12 Elements, Llc Beam forming and steering of helical guided waves in pipe-like and plate-like structures
DE102021208106A1 (de) 2021-07-27 2023-02-02 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Schleppantenne mit einem Drucksensor

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20120068935A (ko) 2012-06-27
EP2480345A2 (fr) 2012-08-01
DE112009005266A5 (de) 2012-11-15
WO2011035745A3 (fr) 2011-06-03
WO2011035745A2 (fr) 2011-03-31
US20120213036A1 (en) 2012-08-23

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