EP2478200B1 - Method and apparatus to detect the movement of a needle of a fuel injector - Google Patents
Method and apparatus to detect the movement of a needle of a fuel injector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2478200B1 EP2478200B1 EP10754910.7A EP10754910A EP2478200B1 EP 2478200 B1 EP2478200 B1 EP 2478200B1 EP 10754910 A EP10754910 A EP 10754910A EP 2478200 B1 EP2478200 B1 EP 2478200B1
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- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- time
- nozzle needle
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- variable
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
- F02M57/005—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
- F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
- F02M65/005—Measuring or detecting injection-valve lift, e.g. to determine injection timing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
- F02D2041/2051—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using voltage control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
- F02D2041/2055—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit with means for determining actual opening or closing time
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
- F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
- F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
- F02D2200/0604—Estimation of fuel pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
- F02D2200/0618—Actual fuel injection timing or delay, e.g. determined from fuel pressure drop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/24—Fuel-injection apparatus with sensors
- F02M2200/247—Pressure sensors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for determining a time point at which a nozzle needle arranged in an injection valve makes a change in movement.
- the opening duration of a nozzle needle influences an injected fuel quantity. This opening duration results indirectly from the activation duration or energization duration of the actuator interacting with the fuel injector, for example a magnetic or piezoactuator, and the dynamic behavior of a high-pressure hydraulic system of the injection nozzle.
- common-rail injectors for the diesel injection actuated by the actuator switching valve is designed as a servo valve.
- the opening duration of the nozzle needle is additionally influenced by the dynamic behavior of the high-pressure hydraulics.
- the injected fuel quantity is also dependent on the opening duration of the nozzle needle.
- deviations from component properties and variable boundary conditions during operation can lead to deviations, which changes the opening and closing time of the nozzle needle. So is to be mentioned as an influence of the wear of the components, but also manufacturing tolerances and pressure waves within the injection system, etc., can affect the function.
- an injector in which a pressure sensor is arranged in the nozzle chamber.
- the pressure starts to decrease, the start of injection is recognized, when the pressure starts to increase, the end of injection is detected.
- This injector has a sensor for detecting the opening movement and / or the closing movement of a nozzle needle, which is designed as a piezoelectric or micromechanical acceleration sensor.
- the sensor is preferably arranged in the region of the injector head parallel or transverse to the longitudinal axis of the injector. It is particularly advantageous if the at least one sensor of the sensor module does not have direct contact with the high-pressure fuel, for example in the injector inlet and / or pressure chamber of the injector, and the measurement by the injector body and / or the nozzle body and / or through the injector plug.
- high-pressure tightness problems and high-pressure strength problems of the injector design can be avoided. Any delays in detecting the time-varying operating parameters can also be compensated.
- a method for determining a predetermined position of an armature in a solenoid valve is in the document DE 10 2007 031 552 A1 described.
- the armature can be converted by reducing a current through a solenoid of the solenoid valve with an output current from a predetermined starting position in the predetermined position.
- a detection of a time at which the armature occupies a certain position can be based on the time course of the measured current intensity of the current through the magnetic coil during the predetermined period of time.
- a nozzle seat wear typically changes the opening timing and opening phase of the nozzle needle with the servo valve and high pressure hydraulics unchanged. If z. B. lifts the nozzle needle later or slower from the nozzle seat, it is at the time of reversal, when the servo valve closes again, have performed a smaller stroke. Consequently, when closing, it will inevitably reach the nozzle seat sooner. Thus, a delayed opening of the needle also results in premature closure. Since the injected fuel quantity depends directly on the opening duration of the needle, there is thus significant influence of an injected fuel quantity. The influence of pressure waves on the injected fuel quantity is based at least in part on a changed opening time of the nozzle needle. Another influence is the injection pressure available during injection.
- the closing time of the nozzle needle of the injection valve can be detected by qualitative sensing of the pressure in the control chamber.
- an injected fuel quantity can be accurately determined, since not only the inaccuracies of the servo valve but of the entire switching chain of the injection valve or injector can be corrected. It is possible to compensate for the specimen scattering of similar injection valves as well as their drift over the life and the influence of variable boundary conditions, such. B. pressure oscillations in the line.
- the method can be implemented in a simple manner, since the operating principle of the invention is typically based on purely qualitative feature detection, by means of which both the opening and the closing of the nozzle needle can be detected.
- the invention is applicable to injectors with solenoid valves and piezo actuators.
- the course of the pressure is proportional to the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element. Consequently, the minimum to be determined also occurs at a zero or a zero crossing of a pressure gradient and thus the first time derivative of the course of the pressure.
- the pressure gradient is usually proportional to the current flowing through a piezoelectric element.
- the arrangement described is designed to carry out all the steps of the presented method.
- individual steps of this method can also be carried out by individual components of the arrangement.
- functions of the arrangement or functions of individual components of the arrangement can be implemented as steps of the method.
- steps of the method may be realized as functions of individual components of the device or the entire device.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view through an injection valve designed as a solenoid valve injector 2.
- This injection valve 2 comprises an injector 4, in which a valve piston 6 is arranged, which is guided at an upper end in a valve piece 8 and the lower end in the direction of a nozzle 10 extends.
- a nozzle needle 11 is connected to the valve piston 6 and disposed within the nozzle 10.
- the valve piston 6 is connected to a high-pressure bore 12 and a return bore 14.
- a magnetic head 16, an armature assembly 18, and a return 20 are disposed.
- the injection valve 2 is further connected via an electrical connection 22 to an electrical energy source and via a high-pressure or high-pressure port 23, which comprises a rod filter, with a fuel supply line.
- FIG. 1 also shows a control chamber 24 of the injection valve. 2
- the magnetic head 16 When operating the injection valve 2, it is provided that the magnetic head 16 is energized, whereby the armature group 18 is moved toward the magnetic head. This opens the connection between the control chamber 24 above the valve piston 6 and the return 20. This triggers a decrease in the pressure in the control chamber 24 and thus an opening movement of the composite of valve piston 6 and nozzle needle 11. By opening the nozzle needle 11 is the Connection made between the high-pressure bore 12 and the spray holes of the nozzle 10, whereby fuel is conveyed to the nozzle 10 and injected into a cylinder of an internal combustion engine.
- FIG. 2 Details of such an injection valve 2 or injector are in FIG. 2 shown schematically.
- a control chamber 24 is shown, which is bounded by an inner wall of the valve piece 8 and arranged within the valve piece 8 valve piston 6.
- FIG. 2 shows the control chamber 24 of the injection valve 2 in the idle state.
- the control chamber 24 is connected via an inlet throttle 26 with the high-pressure port for providing fuel, which is under rail pressure, and via a switchable outlet throttle 28 with the return 20 of the injection valve 2.
- the flow through the outlet throttle 28 is blocked in the idle state by a switching valve, not shown here, and is released by activation of the switching valve.
- the pressure within the control chamber 24 causes a downwardly, ie in the closing direction of the nozzle needle 11, directed force on the valve piston 6, which forwards this force to the nozzle needle 11.
- an opening force determined by the pressure field under the nozzle needle 11 acts on the nozzle needle 11.
- the pressure in the control chamber 24 is set in this time interval such that a force balance exists between the opening and closing force.
- the pressure in the control chamber 24 thus reflects the opening force of the nozzle needle 11 again.
- the injection valve 2 is always dimensioned so that in this case prevails in the control chamber 24, a pressure which is smaller than the rail pressure.
- a first diagram 30 and a second diagram 32 are shown.
- the first diagram 30 comprises a vertically oriented axis 34, along which a pressure in the control chamber 24 in the unit bar is plotted over a horizontally oriented axis 36 for the time in milliseconds.
- a vertically oriented axis 38 is plotted over the horizontally oriented axis 36 for time in microns.
- a curve for a pressure 40 within the control chamber 24 is shown.
- a curve for a stroke 42 of the nozzle needle 11 is shown in the second diagram 32 in synchronism.
- the two diagrams 30, 32 show that opening and closing as a change in movement of the nozzle needle 11 to the pressure 40 within the control chamber 24 effects.
- the pressure 40 at the beginning of opening the nozzle needle 11 shows a first minimum 44 formed as a minimum.
- the pressure 40 has a second minimum 46 formed as a minimum.
- the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24 consequently has the minimum at the time of opening of the nozzle needle 11.
- the pressure 40 is immediately before the closing time of the nozzle needle 11 because of the then low pressure under the nozzle seat significantly smaller than the rail pressure.
- the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24 also has a pronounced minimum at the time of closing the nozzle needle 11.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows, in the wall of the control chamber 24, usually in the region of the fixed valve member 8, a small piezoelectric element 48 is arranged, which serves as a sensor. Electrical connections 50 of the piezoelectric element 48 are led out to the rear into the low-pressure region of the injection valve 2. Furthermore, the two terminals 50 are connected to externally accessible plug contacts.
- the piezoelectric element 48 provides a voltage 52 which, less an offset voltage, is proportional to the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24. The offset voltage is variable over time, but is only subject to significantly slower fluctuations than is the case with the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24.
- the opening and / or closing of the nozzle needle 11 is detected in each case over a minimum in the course of the output from the piezoelectric element 48 voltage 52.
- a sealing of the control chamber 24 in the region of the piezoelectric element 48 for low pressure can be done by applying technologies that are suitable for products with electrical actuators in the high pressure region, eg. B. CRI3.3i the Robert Bosch GmbH, known, for. B. by Glaseinschmelzonne for performing electrical contacts and the like.
- the voltage 52 which emits the piezoelectric element 48 in the idle state, can be set to zero via a leakage resistance between the supply lines to the piezoelectric element 48 independently of the rail pressure.
- the bleeder resistor can be arranged in the injection valve 2, in a control unit 54, which is used in the context of the method as an evaluation and a voltage measuring device and an ammeter, or in a supply line between the controller 54 and the piezoelectric element 48. If required, the bleeder resistor can also be connected to a voltage source present in the control unit 48, so that the quiescent voltage of the piezoelectric element 48 can be set to any desired value, for example the voltage of this voltage source.
- An electrode of the piezoelectric element 48 may be connected in the injector or the injection valve 2 to the injector body 4 or injector housing and thus to the mass of the vehicle. In this case, only one sensor line is led out of the injection valve 2 and evaluated their electrical potential to ground.
- the piezoelectric element 48 may also be terminated via a low-resistance resistor, so that, instead of the voltage 52 U, the current I output by the piezoelectric element 48 is evaluated.
- This current is equal to the gradient of the charge on the electrodes of the piezoelectric element 48 and thus proportional to the pressure gradient dp / dt in the control chamber.
- the opening and closing time of the nozzle needle 11 always go in this case with a sign reversal of the output from the piezoelectric element 48 current. This current zero crossing is then detected in each case.
- the piezoelectric element 48 may be formed in a single-layer technique, similar to a Zündpiezo a lighter, particularly advantageous in connection with the evaluation of the voltage 52, or in multilayer technology particularly advantageous in connection with the evaluation of the current.
- injection valve 2 embodied as a solenoid valve injector. But it can also be used for piezo injectors.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zum Bestimmen eines Zeitpunkts, zu dem eine in einem Einspritzventil angeordnete Düsennadel eine Bewegungsänderung ausführt.The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for determining a time point at which a nozzle needle arranged in an injection valve makes a change in movement.
Bei Kraftstoffinjektoren bzw. -einspritzdüsen beeinflusst neben dem Einspritzdruck die Öffnungsdauer einer Düsennadel eine eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge. Diese Öffnungsdauer ergibt sich indirekt aus der Ansteuerdauer bzw. Bestromungsdauer des mit dem Kraftstoffinjektor zusammenwirkenden Aktors, bspw. eines Magnet- oder Piezoaktors, und dem dynamischen Verhalten einer Hochdruckhydraulik der Einspritzdüse.In the case of fuel injectors or injection nozzles, in addition to the injection pressure, the opening duration of a nozzle needle influences an injected fuel quantity. This opening duration results indirectly from the activation duration or energization duration of the actuator interacting with the fuel injector, for example a magnetic or piezoactuator, and the dynamic behavior of a high-pressure hydraulic system of the injection nozzle.
Weiterhin ist in Common-Rail-Injektoren für die Diesel-Einspritzung ein durch den Aktor betätigtes Schaltventil als Servoventil ausgebildet. Dieses steuert zunächst eine nachgeschaltete Hochdruckhydraulik an, die dann wiederum die Öffnungsund Schließbewegung der Düsennadel steuert. Bei derartigen Injektoren wird die Öffnungsdauer der Düsennadel zusätzlich durch das dynamische Verhalten der Hochdruckhydraulik beeinflusst. Die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge ist aber auch hier von der Öffnungsdauer der Düsennadel abhängig. Innerhalb einer Schaltkette vom Aktor über das Servoventil und der Hochdruckhydraulik bis zur Düsennadel kann es durch unvermeidliche Streuungen von Bauteileigenschaften sowie durch variable Randbedingungen während des Betriebs zu Abweichungen kommen, wodurch sich der Öffnungs- und Schließzeitpunkt der Düsennadel verändern. So ist als eine Einflussgröße der Verschleiß der Bauteile zu nennen, aber auch Fertigungstoleranzen sowie Druckwellen innerhalb des Einspritzsystems usw. können die Funktion beeinflussen.Furthermore, in common-rail injectors for the diesel injection actuated by the actuator switching valve is designed as a servo valve. This first controls a downstream high-pressure hydraulics, which in turn controls the opening and closing movement of the nozzle needle. In such injectors, the opening duration of the nozzle needle is additionally influenced by the dynamic behavior of the high-pressure hydraulics. The injected fuel quantity is also dependent on the opening duration of the nozzle needle. Within a switching chain from the actuator via the servo valve and the high-pressure hydraulics to the nozzle needle, deviations from component properties and variable boundary conditions during operation can lead to deviations, which changes the opening and closing time of the nozzle needle. So is to be mentioned as an influence of the wear of the components, but also manufacturing tolerances and pressure waves within the injection system, etc., can affect the function.
Aus der
Für die Erkennung des Schließzeitpunkts, wie bspw. von Magnetventilen oder dem genannten Servoventil, sind verschiedene Methoden bekannt, die in den Druckschriften
Ein weiterer Injektor zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in einem Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine wird in der Druckschrift
Ein Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer vorgegebenen Position eines Ankers in einem Magnetventil ist in der Druckschrift
Ein Erkennen eines Zeitpunkts, zu dem der Anker eine bestimmte Position einnimmt, kann anhand des zeitlichen Verlaufs der gemessenen Stromstärke des Stroms durch die Magnetspule während der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer erfolgen.A detection of a time at which the armature occupies a certain position, can be based on the time course of the measured current intensity of the current through the magnetic coil during the predetermined period of time.
Bei Common-Rail-Injektoren mit Servo-Ventil und nachgeschalteter Hochdruckhydraulik können sich während des Betriebs noch eine Reihe weiterer Einflüsse ergeben, die in der Schaltkette Ungenauigkeiten erzeugen. So wird durch einen Düsensitzverschleiß typischerweise der Öffnungszeitpunkt und die Öffnungsflugphase der Düsennadel bei unveränderter Funktion des Servoventils und der Hochdruckhydraulik verändert. Wenn z. B. die Düsennadel später oder langsamer aus dem Düsensitz abhebt, wird sie zum Umkehrzeitpunkt, wenn das Servoventil wieder schließt, einen kleineren Hub ausgeführt haben. Folglich wird sie beim Schließen den Düsensitz zwangsläufig auch früher erreichen. Somit ergibt sich aus einem verzögerten Öffnen der Nadel auch ein verfrühtes Schließen. Da die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge direkt von der Öffnungsdauer der Nadel abhängt, kommt es somit zu deutlichen Einflüssen einer eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge. Der Einfluss von Druckwellen auf die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge basiert zumindest teilweise auf einem geänderten Öffnungszeitpunkt der Düsennadel. Einen weiteren Einfluss hat der während der Einspritzung zur Verfügung stehende Einspritzdruck.In common-rail injectors with servo-valve and downstream high-pressure hydraulics, a number of other influences can occur during operation that generate inaccuracies in the switching chain. Thus, a nozzle seat wear typically changes the opening timing and opening phase of the nozzle needle with the servo valve and high pressure hydraulics unchanged. If z. B. lifts the nozzle needle later or slower from the nozzle seat, it is at the time of reversal, when the servo valve closes again, have performed a smaller stroke. Consequently, when closing, it will inevitably reach the nozzle seat sooner. Thus, a delayed opening of the needle also results in premature closure. Since the injected fuel quantity depends directly on the opening duration of the needle, there is thus significant influence of an injected fuel quantity. The influence of pressure waves on the injected fuel quantity is based at least in part on a changed opening time of the nozzle needle. Another influence is the injection pressure available during injection.
Vor diesem Hintergrund werden ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche vorgestellt. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen und der Beschreibung.Against this background, a method and an arrangement with the features of the independent claims are presented. Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description.
Mit der Erfindung kann durch qualitative Sensierung des Drucks im Steuerraum der Schließzeitpunkt der Düsennadel des Einspritzventils detektiert werden.With the invention, the closing time of the nozzle needle of the injection valve can be detected by qualitative sensing of the pressure in the control chamber.
Bei einer möglichen Umsetzung der Erfindung ergibt sich, dass eine eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge genau ermittelt werden kann, da nicht nur die Ungenauigkeiten des Servoventils sondern der gesamten Schaltkette des Einspritzventils bzw. Injektors korrigiert werden können. Es ist möglich, die Exemplarstreuungen gleichartiger Einspritzventile auszugleichen ebenso deren Drift über die Lebensdauer sowie den Einfluss variabler Randbedingungen, wie z. B. Druckschwingungen in der Leitung. Das Verfahren ist in einfacher Weise umzusetzen, da das Wirkprinzip der Erfindung typischerweise auf einer rein qualitativen Merkmalsdetektion basiert, mit deren Hilfe sowohl das Öffnen als auch das Schließen der Düsennadel detektiert werden können. Die Erfindung ist für Injektoren mit Magnetventilen und mit Piezostellern anwendbar.In one possible implementation of the invention, it can be determined that an injected fuel quantity can be accurately determined, since not only the inaccuracies of the servo valve but of the entire switching chain of the injection valve or injector can be corrected. It is possible to compensate for the specimen scattering of similar injection valves as well as their drift over the life and the influence of variable boundary conditions, such. B. pressure oscillations in the line. The method can be implemented in a simple manner, since the operating principle of the invention is typically based on purely qualitative feature detection, by means of which both the opening and the closing of the nozzle needle can be detected. The invention is applicable to injectors with solenoid valves and piezo actuators.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, in einem Verlauf des Drucks innerhalb des Steuerraums mindestens ein Minimum zu bestimmen. Üblicherweise ist der Verlauf des Drucks proportional zu der an dem Piezoelement anliegenden Spannung. Folglich tritt das zu bestimmende Minimum auch an einer Nullstelle bzw. einem Nulldurchgang eines Druckgradienten und somit der ersten zeitlichen Ableitung des Verlaufs des Drucks auf. Der Druckgradient ist in der Regel proportional zu dem durch ein Piezoelement fließenden Strom.Within the scope of the invention, it is provided to determine at least one minimum in the course of the pressure within the control space. Usually, the course of the pressure is proportional to the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element. Consequently, the minimum to be determined also occurs at a zero or a zero crossing of a pressure gradient and thus the first time derivative of the course of the pressure. The pressure gradient is usually proportional to the current flowing through a piezoelectric element.
Die beschriebene Anordnung ist dazu ausgebildet, sämtliche Schritte des vorgestellten Verfahrens durchzuführen. Dabei können einzelne Schritte dieses Verfahrens auch von einzelnen Komponenten der Anordnung durchgeführt werden. Weiterhin können Funktionen der Anordnung oder Funktionen von einzelnen Komponenten der Anordnung als Schritte des Verfahrens umgesetzt werden. Außerdem ist es möglich, dass Schritte des Verfahrens als Funktionen einzelner Komponenten der Anordnung oder der gesamten Anordnung realisiert werden.The arrangement described is designed to carry out all the steps of the presented method. In this case, individual steps of this method can also be carried out by individual components of the arrangement. Furthermore, functions of the arrangement or functions of individual components of the arrangement can be implemented as steps of the method. In addition, it is possible that steps of the method may be realized as functions of individual components of the device or the entire device.
Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und den beiliegenden Zeichnungen.Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings.
Es versteht sich, dass die voranstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination indicated, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
-
Figur 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung einer Schnittansicht durch einen Magnetventil-Injektor.FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a sectional view through a solenoid valve injector. -
Figur 2 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung einen Steuerraum des Magnetventil Injektors ausFigur 1 .FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a control chamber of the solenoid valve injectorFIG. 1 , -
Figur 3 zeigt Diagramme zu Betriebsparametern eines Injektors.FIG. 3 shows diagrams of operating parameters of an injector. -
Figur 4 zeig in schematischer Darstellung eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung.FIG. 4 show a schematic representation of an embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention.
Die Erfindung ist anhand von Ausführungsformen in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellt und wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen ausführlich beschrieben.The invention is schematically illustrated by means of embodiments in the drawings and will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
Die Figuren werden zusammenhängend und übergreifend beschrieben, gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen gleiche Komponenten.The figures are described in a coherent and comprehensive manner, like reference numerals designate like components.
Bei Betrieb des Einspritzventils 2 ist vorgesehen, dass der Magnetkopf 16 bestromt wird, wodurch die Ankergruppe 18 zum Magnetkopf hin bewegt wird. Dadurch öffnet sich die Verbindung zwischen dem Steuerraum 24 oberhalb des Ventilkolbens 6 und dem Rücklauf 20. Dies löst ein Absinken des Drucks im Steuerraum 24 und damit eine Öffnungsbewegung des Verbunds aus Ventilkolben 6 und Düsennadel 11 aus. Durch das Öffnen der Düsennadel 11 wird die Verbindung zwischen der Hochdruckbohrung 12 und den Spritzlöchern der Düse 10 hergestellt, wodurch Kraftstoff zur Düse 10 gefördert und in einem Zylinder eines Verbrennungsmotors eingespritzt wird.When operating the injection valve 2, it is provided that the
Details eines derartigen Einspritzventils 2 bzw. Injektors sind in
Während einer sog. Flugphase der Düsennadel 11 wirkt eine durch das Druckfeld unter der Düsennadel 11 bestimmte Öffnungskraft auf die Düsennadel 11. Der Druck im Steuerraum 24 stellt sich in diesem Zeitintervall so ein, dass zwischen Öffnungs- und Schließkraft ein Kräftegleichgewicht besteht. Der Druck im Steuerraum 24 spiegelt folglich die Öffnungskraft der Düsennadel 11 wieder. Aus funktionalen Gründen ist das Einspritzventil 2 stets so dimensioniert, dass in diesem Fall im Steuerraum 24 ein Druck herrscht, der kleiner als der Raildruck ist.During a so-called flight phase of the
In
Eine Öffnungskraft auf die Düsennadel 11 und damit auch der Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 sind wegen der dann vorhandenen Sitzdrosselung bei kleinem Hub 42 der Düsennadel 11, also unmittelbar nach dem Öffnen und unmittelbar vor dem Schließen, besonders klein. Bei geschlossenem Einspritzventil 2 herrscht dagegen im Steuerraum 24 der Raildruck. Der dann vorhandene Überschuss der Schließkraft gegenüber der Öffnungskraft wird in diesem Fall mechanisch in den Düsenkörpersitz geleitet. Bei bereits geöffnetem Schaltventil kommt es folglich vor dem Öffnen der Düsennadel 11 wegen des Kraftstoffabflusses aus der Ablaufdrossel 28 zu einem schnellen Absinken des Drucks 40 im Steuerraum 24. Diese Phase endet mit dem Öffnen der Düsennadel 11. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt steigt der Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 wegen des dann steigenden Drucks unterhalb des Düsensitzes wieder an. Der Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 weist folglich zum Zeitpunkt des Öffnens der Düsennadel 11 das Minimum auf. Außerdem ist der Druck 40 unmittelbar vor dem Schließzeitpunkt der Düsennadel 11 wegen des dann geringen Drucks unter dem Düsensitz deutlich kleiner als der Raildruck. Unmittelbar nach dem Schließen der Düsennadel 11 kommt es wegen des nun stehenden Ventilkolbens 6 zu einem steilen Anstieg des Drucks 40 im Steuerraum 24 bis über das Niveau des Raildrucks hinaus. Der Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 weist folglich auch zum Zeitpunkt des Schließens der Düsennadel 11 ein ausgeprägtes Minimum auf.An opening force on the
Zur Detektion von Öffnungs- und Schließzeitpunkt der Düsennadel 11 ist vorgesehen, den Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 in seinem Verlauf qualitativ zu erfassen. Wie
Das Öffnen und/oder das Schließen der Düsennadel 11 wird jeweils über ein Minimum im Verlauf der vom Piezoelement 48 abgegebenen Spannung 52 detektiert.The opening and / or closing of the
Eine Abdichtung des Steuerraums 24 im Bereich des Piezoelements 48 zum Niederdruck kann durch Anwendung von Technologien erfolgen, die für Produkte mit elektrischen Aktoren im Hochdruckbereich, z. B. CRI3.3i der Robert Bosch GmbH, bekannt sind, z. B. durch Glaseinschmelzungen zur Durchführung elektrischer Kontaktierungen und dergleichen.A sealing of the
Die Spannung 52, die das Piezoelement 48 im Ruhezustand abgibt, kann über einen Ableitwiderstand zwischen den Zuleitungen zum Piezoelement 48 unabhängig vom Raildruck zu null gesetzt werden. Der Ableitwiderstand kann dabei im Einspritzventil 2, in einem Steuergerät 54, das im Rahmen des Verfahrens als Auswerteeinrichtung verwendet wird und ein Spannungsmessgerät sowie ein Strommessgerät aufweist, oder auch in einer Zuleitung zwischen dem Steuergerät 54 und dem Piezoelement 48 angeordnet sein. Bei Bedarf kann der Ableitwiderstand auch an eine im Steuergerät 48 vorhandene Spannungsquelle angeschlossen sein, so dass sich die Ruhespannung des Piezoelements 48 auf einen beliebigen Wert, bspw. die Spannung dieser Spannungsquelle, einstellen lässt. Eine Elektrode des Piezoelements 48 kann im Injektor bzw. dem Einspritzventil 2 mit dem Injektorkörper 4 bzw. Injektorgehäuse und damit mit der Masse des Fahrzeugs verbunden sein. In diesem Fall wird nur noch eine Sensorleitung aus dem Einspritzventil 2 herausgeführt und deren elektrisches Potential gegen Masse ausgewertet.The
Das Piezoelement 48 kann alternativ auch über einen niederohmigen Widerstand abgeschlossen sein, so dass an Stelle der Spannung 52 U der vom Piezoelement 48 abgegebene Strom I ausgewertet wird. Dieser Strom ist gleich dem Gradienten der Ladung auf den Elektroden des Piezoelements 48 und damit proportional zum Druckgradienten dp/dt im Steuerraum. Der Öffnungs- und der Schließzeitpunkt der Düsennadel 11 gehen in diesem Fall stets mit einer Vorzeichenumkehr des vom Piezoelement 48 abgegebenen Stroms einher. Dieser Stromnulldurchgang wird dann jeweils detektiert.Alternatively, the
Das Piezoelement 48 kann in Einschicht-Technik, ähnlich einem Zündpiezo eines Feuerzeugs, besonders vorteilhaft in Verbindung mit der Auswertung der Spannung 52, oder in Multilayertechnik besonders vorteilhaft in Verbindung mit der Auswertung des Stroms ausgebildet sein.The
Die Erfindung ist hier am Beispiel eines als Magnetventil-Injektor ausgebildeten Einspritzventils 2 beschrieben. Sie kann aber auch für Piezo-Injektoren angewendet werden.The invention is described here using the example of an injection valve 2 embodied as a solenoid valve injector. But it can also be used for piezo injectors.
Claims (8)
- Method for determining a time at which a nozzle needle (11) which is arranged in an injection valve (2) carries out a change in movement, in which method a variable which provides information about a profile of a pressure (40) which is present in a control space (24) of the injection valve (2) is measured directly in the control space (24) with a sensor, characterized in that on the basis of the variable for the profile of the pressure (40) the time at which the profile is at a minimum (44, 46) is determined, and wherein this time is identified as the time of the opening of the nozzle needle (11).
- Method according to Claim 1, in which closing of the nozzle needle (11) is examined as a change in movement, and the time of a minimum is determined as closing.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 2, in which the variable is measured with a sensor which is arranged in the control space (24) and is embodied as a piezo-element (48).
- Method according, to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which a voltage (52) present at the piezo-element (48) is measured as a variable, wherein the profile of the pressure (40) is determined from the voltage (52) and is examined for the presence of a minimum.
- Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which a current flowing through the piezo-element (48) is measured as a variable, and a gradient of the pressure (40) which is present in the control space (24) is determined therefrom, and a profile of the gradient is examined for the presence of a zero crossover.
- Arrangement for determining a time at which a nozzle needle (11) which is arranged in an injection valve (2) carries out a change in movement, wherein the arrangement has a sensor and an evaluation device, wherein the sensor is designed to measure directly, in a control space (24) of the injection valve (2), a variable which provides information about a profile of a pressure which is present in the control space (24), characterized in that the evaluation device is designed to determine from the variable for the profile of the pressure (40) the time at which the profile is at a minimum and to identify this time as a time of opening.
- Arrangement according to Claim 6, which has a single-layer piezo-element (48) and a voltage-measuring device for measuring the pressure (40) as a variable, wherein the voltage-measuring device is designed to measure a voltage (52) which is present at the piezo-element (48), and wherein the evaluation device is designed to determine the profile of the pressure (40) on the basis of the measured voltage (52).
- Arrangement according to Claim 6, which has a multi-layer piezo-element (48) and a current-measuring device for measuring a pressure gradient as a variable, wherein the current-measuring device is designed to measure a current flowing through the piezo-element (48), and wherein the evaluation device is designed to determine a profile of a pressure gradient on the basis of the measured current.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009029549A DE102009029549A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2009-09-17 | Method for determining a time |
PCT/EP2010/063185 WO2011032873A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2010-09-08 | Method and apparatus for determining a movement of an injection valve needle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2478200A1 EP2478200A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
EP2478200B1 true EP2478200B1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
Family
ID=43478039
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10754910.7A Active EP2478200B1 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2010-09-08 | Method and apparatus to detect the movement of a needle of a fuel injector |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2478200B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102575607B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009029549A1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN2012DN00278A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011032873A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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RU198569U1 (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-07-16 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Управляющая компания "Алтайский завод прецизионных изделий" | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE SPEED OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR OF THE FUEL INJECTOR |
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DE102011075732B4 (en) | 2011-05-12 | 2021-02-11 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Control method for an injection valve and injection system |
DE102012222851B4 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2021-12-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling a piezo injector |
DE102014204098A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling a common rail injector |
DE102014209823B4 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2016-03-31 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for determining the closing characteristic of the control valve of a piezo servo injector |
DE102014210561A1 (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2015-12-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling multiple injections, in particular in a fuel injection system of an internal combustion engine |
DE102014213202A1 (en) | 2014-07-08 | 2016-01-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Outward-opening valve, which is used in particular for systems on internal combustion engines |
DE102014221706A1 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2016-04-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for supplying power to a solenoid valve of a fuel injector |
DE102014226179A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling a fuel injector |
JP6237655B2 (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2017-11-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Monitoring device for fuel injection amount control device |
DE102015202876A1 (en) * | 2015-02-18 | 2016-08-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | valve means |
DE102015206128A1 (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2016-10-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a fuel injector |
GB201511007D0 (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-08-05 | Delphi Int Operations Lux Srl | Nozzle assembly with adaptive closed signal |
DE102015212085B4 (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2017-10-19 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method and device for determining the minimum hydraulic spraying distance of a piezo-servo-injector |
DE102015217776A1 (en) | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | A method of detecting damage to a nozzle needle of a fuel injector or the nozzle needle seat |
DE102016217306A1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling multiple injections in an injection system |
DE102017205695A1 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2018-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining an armature stroke of a fuel injector |
DE102017206366A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2018-10-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a fuel injector |
DE102017211582A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 | 2019-01-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling a fuel injector |
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DE102018200205A1 (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2019-07-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining an armature stroke of a fuel injector and for operating the fuel injector |
DE102019209690A1 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-12 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for controlling the fuel metering in an internal combustion engine |
DE102018218229A1 (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2020-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method of determining a charge constant |
DE102021205381A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2022-12-01 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Process for characterizing fuel |
DE102022205734A1 (en) | 2022-06-07 | 2023-12-07 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for controlling an injector, control device |
DE102022211245A1 (en) | 2022-10-24 | 2024-04-25 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for determining one or more characteristic points in time of a fuel injection |
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DE3843138A1 (en) | 1988-12-22 | 1990-06-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | METHOD OF CONTROLLING AND DETECTING THE MOVEMENT OF AN ARMATURE OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHING DEVICE |
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US7896257B2 (en) * | 2008-02-16 | 2011-03-01 | Mi Yan | Fuel injector with real-time feedback control |
JP4894804B2 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2012-03-14 | 株式会社デンソー | Fuel injection valve |
-
2009
- 2009-09-17 DE DE102009029549A patent/DE102009029549A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-09-08 IN IN278DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN00278A/en unknown
- 2010-09-08 EP EP10754910.7A patent/EP2478200B1/en active Active
- 2010-09-08 WO PCT/EP2010/063185 patent/WO2011032873A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-09-08 CN CN201080041445.4A patent/CN102575607B/en active Active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU198569U1 (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-07-16 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Управляющая компания "Алтайский завод прецизионных изделий" | DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE SPEED OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR OF THE FUEL INJECTOR |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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IN2012DN00278A (en) | 2015-05-08 |
WO2011032873A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
CN102575607B (en) | 2015-06-24 |
EP2478200A1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
CN102575607A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
DE102009029549A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
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