EP2478200B1 - Method and apparatus to detect the movement of a needle of a fuel injector - Google Patents

Method and apparatus to detect the movement of a needle of a fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2478200B1
EP2478200B1 EP10754910.7A EP10754910A EP2478200B1 EP 2478200 B1 EP2478200 B1 EP 2478200B1 EP 10754910 A EP10754910 A EP 10754910A EP 2478200 B1 EP2478200 B1 EP 2478200B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
time
nozzle needle
profile
variable
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP10754910.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2478200A1 (en
Inventor
Holger Rapp
Wolfgang Stoecklein
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/005—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F02M65/005—Measuring or detecting injection-valve lift, e.g. to determine injection timing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2051—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using voltage control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2055—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit with means for determining actual opening or closing time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0602—Fuel pressure
    • F02D2200/0604—Estimation of fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0618—Actual fuel injection timing or delay, e.g. determined from fuel pressure drop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/24—Fuel-injection apparatus with sensors
    • F02M2200/247—Pressure sensors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for determining a time point at which a nozzle needle arranged in an injection valve makes a change in movement.
  • the opening duration of a nozzle needle influences an injected fuel quantity. This opening duration results indirectly from the activation duration or energization duration of the actuator interacting with the fuel injector, for example a magnetic or piezoactuator, and the dynamic behavior of a high-pressure hydraulic system of the injection nozzle.
  • common-rail injectors for the diesel injection actuated by the actuator switching valve is designed as a servo valve.
  • the opening duration of the nozzle needle is additionally influenced by the dynamic behavior of the high-pressure hydraulics.
  • the injected fuel quantity is also dependent on the opening duration of the nozzle needle.
  • deviations from component properties and variable boundary conditions during operation can lead to deviations, which changes the opening and closing time of the nozzle needle. So is to be mentioned as an influence of the wear of the components, but also manufacturing tolerances and pressure waves within the injection system, etc., can affect the function.
  • an injector in which a pressure sensor is arranged in the nozzle chamber.
  • the pressure starts to decrease, the start of injection is recognized, when the pressure starts to increase, the end of injection is detected.
  • This injector has a sensor for detecting the opening movement and / or the closing movement of a nozzle needle, which is designed as a piezoelectric or micromechanical acceleration sensor.
  • the sensor is preferably arranged in the region of the injector head parallel or transverse to the longitudinal axis of the injector. It is particularly advantageous if the at least one sensor of the sensor module does not have direct contact with the high-pressure fuel, for example in the injector inlet and / or pressure chamber of the injector, and the measurement by the injector body and / or the nozzle body and / or through the injector plug.
  • high-pressure tightness problems and high-pressure strength problems of the injector design can be avoided. Any delays in detecting the time-varying operating parameters can also be compensated.
  • a method for determining a predetermined position of an armature in a solenoid valve is in the document DE 10 2007 031 552 A1 described.
  • the armature can be converted by reducing a current through a solenoid of the solenoid valve with an output current from a predetermined starting position in the predetermined position.
  • a detection of a time at which the armature occupies a certain position can be based on the time course of the measured current intensity of the current through the magnetic coil during the predetermined period of time.
  • a nozzle seat wear typically changes the opening timing and opening phase of the nozzle needle with the servo valve and high pressure hydraulics unchanged. If z. B. lifts the nozzle needle later or slower from the nozzle seat, it is at the time of reversal, when the servo valve closes again, have performed a smaller stroke. Consequently, when closing, it will inevitably reach the nozzle seat sooner. Thus, a delayed opening of the needle also results in premature closure. Since the injected fuel quantity depends directly on the opening duration of the needle, there is thus significant influence of an injected fuel quantity. The influence of pressure waves on the injected fuel quantity is based at least in part on a changed opening time of the nozzle needle. Another influence is the injection pressure available during injection.
  • the closing time of the nozzle needle of the injection valve can be detected by qualitative sensing of the pressure in the control chamber.
  • an injected fuel quantity can be accurately determined, since not only the inaccuracies of the servo valve but of the entire switching chain of the injection valve or injector can be corrected. It is possible to compensate for the specimen scattering of similar injection valves as well as their drift over the life and the influence of variable boundary conditions, such. B. pressure oscillations in the line.
  • the method can be implemented in a simple manner, since the operating principle of the invention is typically based on purely qualitative feature detection, by means of which both the opening and the closing of the nozzle needle can be detected.
  • the invention is applicable to injectors with solenoid valves and piezo actuators.
  • the course of the pressure is proportional to the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element. Consequently, the minimum to be determined also occurs at a zero or a zero crossing of a pressure gradient and thus the first time derivative of the course of the pressure.
  • the pressure gradient is usually proportional to the current flowing through a piezoelectric element.
  • the arrangement described is designed to carry out all the steps of the presented method.
  • individual steps of this method can also be carried out by individual components of the arrangement.
  • functions of the arrangement or functions of individual components of the arrangement can be implemented as steps of the method.
  • steps of the method may be realized as functions of individual components of the device or the entire device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view through an injection valve designed as a solenoid valve injector 2.
  • This injection valve 2 comprises an injector 4, in which a valve piston 6 is arranged, which is guided at an upper end in a valve piece 8 and the lower end in the direction of a nozzle 10 extends.
  • a nozzle needle 11 is connected to the valve piston 6 and disposed within the nozzle 10.
  • the valve piston 6 is connected to a high-pressure bore 12 and a return bore 14.
  • a magnetic head 16, an armature assembly 18, and a return 20 are disposed.
  • the injection valve 2 is further connected via an electrical connection 22 to an electrical energy source and via a high-pressure or high-pressure port 23, which comprises a rod filter, with a fuel supply line.
  • FIG. 1 also shows a control chamber 24 of the injection valve. 2
  • the magnetic head 16 When operating the injection valve 2, it is provided that the magnetic head 16 is energized, whereby the armature group 18 is moved toward the magnetic head. This opens the connection between the control chamber 24 above the valve piston 6 and the return 20. This triggers a decrease in the pressure in the control chamber 24 and thus an opening movement of the composite of valve piston 6 and nozzle needle 11. By opening the nozzle needle 11 is the Connection made between the high-pressure bore 12 and the spray holes of the nozzle 10, whereby fuel is conveyed to the nozzle 10 and injected into a cylinder of an internal combustion engine.
  • FIG. 2 Details of such an injection valve 2 or injector are in FIG. 2 shown schematically.
  • a control chamber 24 is shown, which is bounded by an inner wall of the valve piece 8 and arranged within the valve piece 8 valve piston 6.
  • FIG. 2 shows the control chamber 24 of the injection valve 2 in the idle state.
  • the control chamber 24 is connected via an inlet throttle 26 with the high-pressure port for providing fuel, which is under rail pressure, and via a switchable outlet throttle 28 with the return 20 of the injection valve 2.
  • the flow through the outlet throttle 28 is blocked in the idle state by a switching valve, not shown here, and is released by activation of the switching valve.
  • the pressure within the control chamber 24 causes a downwardly, ie in the closing direction of the nozzle needle 11, directed force on the valve piston 6, which forwards this force to the nozzle needle 11.
  • an opening force determined by the pressure field under the nozzle needle 11 acts on the nozzle needle 11.
  • the pressure in the control chamber 24 is set in this time interval such that a force balance exists between the opening and closing force.
  • the pressure in the control chamber 24 thus reflects the opening force of the nozzle needle 11 again.
  • the injection valve 2 is always dimensioned so that in this case prevails in the control chamber 24, a pressure which is smaller than the rail pressure.
  • a first diagram 30 and a second diagram 32 are shown.
  • the first diagram 30 comprises a vertically oriented axis 34, along which a pressure in the control chamber 24 in the unit bar is plotted over a horizontally oriented axis 36 for the time in milliseconds.
  • a vertically oriented axis 38 is plotted over the horizontally oriented axis 36 for time in microns.
  • a curve for a pressure 40 within the control chamber 24 is shown.
  • a curve for a stroke 42 of the nozzle needle 11 is shown in the second diagram 32 in synchronism.
  • the two diagrams 30, 32 show that opening and closing as a change in movement of the nozzle needle 11 to the pressure 40 within the control chamber 24 effects.
  • the pressure 40 at the beginning of opening the nozzle needle 11 shows a first minimum 44 formed as a minimum.
  • the pressure 40 has a second minimum 46 formed as a minimum.
  • the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24 consequently has the minimum at the time of opening of the nozzle needle 11.
  • the pressure 40 is immediately before the closing time of the nozzle needle 11 because of the then low pressure under the nozzle seat significantly smaller than the rail pressure.
  • the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24 also has a pronounced minimum at the time of closing the nozzle needle 11.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows, in the wall of the control chamber 24, usually in the region of the fixed valve member 8, a small piezoelectric element 48 is arranged, which serves as a sensor. Electrical connections 50 of the piezoelectric element 48 are led out to the rear into the low-pressure region of the injection valve 2. Furthermore, the two terminals 50 are connected to externally accessible plug contacts.
  • the piezoelectric element 48 provides a voltage 52 which, less an offset voltage, is proportional to the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24. The offset voltage is variable over time, but is only subject to significantly slower fluctuations than is the case with the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24.
  • the opening and / or closing of the nozzle needle 11 is detected in each case over a minimum in the course of the output from the piezoelectric element 48 voltage 52.
  • a sealing of the control chamber 24 in the region of the piezoelectric element 48 for low pressure can be done by applying technologies that are suitable for products with electrical actuators in the high pressure region, eg. B. CRI3.3i the Robert Bosch GmbH, known, for. B. by Glaseinschmelzonne for performing electrical contacts and the like.
  • the voltage 52 which emits the piezoelectric element 48 in the idle state, can be set to zero via a leakage resistance between the supply lines to the piezoelectric element 48 independently of the rail pressure.
  • the bleeder resistor can be arranged in the injection valve 2, in a control unit 54, which is used in the context of the method as an evaluation and a voltage measuring device and an ammeter, or in a supply line between the controller 54 and the piezoelectric element 48. If required, the bleeder resistor can also be connected to a voltage source present in the control unit 48, so that the quiescent voltage of the piezoelectric element 48 can be set to any desired value, for example the voltage of this voltage source.
  • An electrode of the piezoelectric element 48 may be connected in the injector or the injection valve 2 to the injector body 4 or injector housing and thus to the mass of the vehicle. In this case, only one sensor line is led out of the injection valve 2 and evaluated their electrical potential to ground.
  • the piezoelectric element 48 may also be terminated via a low-resistance resistor, so that, instead of the voltage 52 U, the current I output by the piezoelectric element 48 is evaluated.
  • This current is equal to the gradient of the charge on the electrodes of the piezoelectric element 48 and thus proportional to the pressure gradient dp / dt in the control chamber.
  • the opening and closing time of the nozzle needle 11 always go in this case with a sign reversal of the output from the piezoelectric element 48 current. This current zero crossing is then detected in each case.
  • the piezoelectric element 48 may be formed in a single-layer technique, similar to a Zündpiezo a lighter, particularly advantageous in connection with the evaluation of the voltage 52, or in multilayer technology particularly advantageous in connection with the evaluation of the current.
  • injection valve 2 embodied as a solenoid valve injector. But it can also be used for piezo injectors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung zum Bestimmen eines Zeitpunkts, zu dem eine in einem Einspritzventil angeordnete Düsennadel eine Bewegungsänderung ausführt.The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for determining a time point at which a nozzle needle arranged in an injection valve makes a change in movement.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Bei Kraftstoffinjektoren bzw. -einspritzdüsen beeinflusst neben dem Einspritzdruck die Öffnungsdauer einer Düsennadel eine eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge. Diese Öffnungsdauer ergibt sich indirekt aus der Ansteuerdauer bzw. Bestromungsdauer des mit dem Kraftstoffinjektor zusammenwirkenden Aktors, bspw. eines Magnet- oder Piezoaktors, und dem dynamischen Verhalten einer Hochdruckhydraulik der Einspritzdüse.In the case of fuel injectors or injection nozzles, in addition to the injection pressure, the opening duration of a nozzle needle influences an injected fuel quantity. This opening duration results indirectly from the activation duration or energization duration of the actuator interacting with the fuel injector, for example a magnetic or piezoactuator, and the dynamic behavior of a high-pressure hydraulic system of the injection nozzle.

Weiterhin ist in Common-Rail-Injektoren für die Diesel-Einspritzung ein durch den Aktor betätigtes Schaltventil als Servoventil ausgebildet. Dieses steuert zunächst eine nachgeschaltete Hochdruckhydraulik an, die dann wiederum die Öffnungsund Schließbewegung der Düsennadel steuert. Bei derartigen Injektoren wird die Öffnungsdauer der Düsennadel zusätzlich durch das dynamische Verhalten der Hochdruckhydraulik beeinflusst. Die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge ist aber auch hier von der Öffnungsdauer der Düsennadel abhängig. Innerhalb einer Schaltkette vom Aktor über das Servoventil und der Hochdruckhydraulik bis zur Düsennadel kann es durch unvermeidliche Streuungen von Bauteileigenschaften sowie durch variable Randbedingungen während des Betriebs zu Abweichungen kommen, wodurch sich der Öffnungs- und Schließzeitpunkt der Düsennadel verändern. So ist als eine Einflussgröße der Verschleiß der Bauteile zu nennen, aber auch Fertigungstoleranzen sowie Druckwellen innerhalb des Einspritzsystems usw. können die Funktion beeinflussen.Furthermore, in common-rail injectors for the diesel injection actuated by the actuator switching valve is designed as a servo valve. This first controls a downstream high-pressure hydraulics, which in turn controls the opening and closing movement of the nozzle needle. In such injectors, the opening duration of the nozzle needle is additionally influenced by the dynamic behavior of the high-pressure hydraulics. The injected fuel quantity is also dependent on the opening duration of the nozzle needle. Within a switching chain from the actuator via the servo valve and the high-pressure hydraulics to the nozzle needle, deviations from component properties and variable boundary conditions during operation can lead to deviations, which changes the opening and closing time of the nozzle needle. So is to be mentioned as an influence of the wear of the components, but also manufacturing tolerances and pressure waves within the injection system, etc., can affect the function.

Aus der EP2 105 606 A2 ist ein Injektor bekannt, bei dem in der Düsenkammer eine Drucksensor angeordnet ist. Wenn der Druck beginnt abzufallen wird der Einspritzbeginn erkannt, wenn der Druck beginnt anzusteigen, wird das Einspritzende erkannt.From the EP2 105 606 A2 an injector is known in which a pressure sensor is arranged in the nozzle chamber. When the pressure starts to decrease, the start of injection is recognized, when the pressure starts to increase, the end of injection is detected.

Für die Erkennung des Schließzeitpunkts, wie bspw. von Magnetventilen oder dem genannten Servoventil, sind verschiedene Methoden bekannt, die in den Druckschriften DE 38 43 138 A1 oder DE 36 09 599 A1 beschrieben sind. Der in diesen Druckschriften beschriebene Stand der Technik basiert auf dem Effekt, dass der Anker bei Erreichen seiner Schließstellung durch Kollision mit einem Anschlag abgebremst wird und dass sich diese üblicherweise schlagartige Geschwindigkeitsänderung des Ankers in einer ebenfalls schlagartigen Änderung des Stromgradienten bei eingeprägter Spulenspannung oder in einer schlagartigen Änderung der Spulenspannung bei eingeprägtem Spulenstrom widerspiegelt. Über die Erkennung des Schließzeitpunkts des Ventils lassen sich hier jedoch keine Fehler und Streuungen innerhalb der Hochdruckhydraulik erkennen.For the detection of the closing time, such as. By solenoid valves or said servo valve, various methods are known in the publications DE 38 43 138 A1 or DE 36 09 599 A1 are described. The prior art described in these documents is based on the effect that the armature is decelerated upon reaching its closed position by collision with a stop and that this usually sudden change in speed of the armature in a likewise abrupt change in the current gradient with impressed coil voltage or in a sudden Changes in the coil voltage reflected with impressed coil current. By detecting the closing time of the valve, however, no errors and variations within the high-pressure hydraulics can be detected.

Ein weiterer Injektor zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in einem Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine wird in der Druckschrift DE 10 2007 008 617 A1 beschrieben. Dieser Injektor weist einen Sensor zur Detektierung der Öffnungsbewegung und/oder der Schließbewegung einer Düsennadel auf, der als piezoelektrischer oder mikromechanischer Beschleunigungssensor ausgebildet ist. Der Sensor ist bevorzugt im Bereich des Injektorkopfs parallel oder quer zur Längsachse des Injektors angeordnet. Von besonderem Vorteil ist es, wenn der mindestens eine Sensor des Sensormoduls nicht unmittelbaren Kontakt zu dem unter Hochdruck stehenden Kraftstoff, bspw. im Injektorzulauf und/oder Druckraum des Injektors, hat, und die Messung durch den Injektorkörper und/oder den Düsenkörper und/oder den Injektorstecker hindurch erfolgt. Hierdurch können Hochdruckdichtigkeitsprobleme sowie Hochdruckfestigkeitsprobleme der Injektorkonstruktion vermieden werden. Etwaige Verzögerungen bei der Detektierung der sich zeitlich ändernden Betriebsparameter können ebenfalls kompensiert werden.Another injector for injecting fuel in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is described in the document DE 10 2007 008 617 A1 described. This injector has a sensor for detecting the opening movement and / or the closing movement of a nozzle needle, which is designed as a piezoelectric or micromechanical acceleration sensor. The sensor is preferably arranged in the region of the injector head parallel or transverse to the longitudinal axis of the injector. It is particularly advantageous if the at least one sensor of the sensor module does not have direct contact with the high-pressure fuel, for example in the injector inlet and / or pressure chamber of the injector, and the measurement by the injector body and / or the nozzle body and / or through the injector plug. As a result, high-pressure tightness problems and high-pressure strength problems of the injector design can be avoided. Any delays in detecting the time-varying operating parameters can also be compensated.

Ein Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer vorgegebenen Position eines Ankers in einem Magnetventil ist in der Druckschrift DE 10 2007 031 552 A1 beschrieben. Dabei ist der Anker durch Reduzieren eines Stromes durch eine Magnetspule des Magnetventils mit einer Ausgangsstromstärke aus einer vorgegebenen Ausgangsposition in die vorgegebene Position überführbar.A method for determining a predetermined position of an armature in a solenoid valve is in the document DE 10 2007 031 552 A1 described. In this case, the armature can be converted by reducing a current through a solenoid of the solenoid valve with an output current from a predetermined starting position in the predetermined position.

Ein Erkennen eines Zeitpunkts, zu dem der Anker eine bestimmte Position einnimmt, kann anhand des zeitlichen Verlaufs der gemessenen Stromstärke des Stroms durch die Magnetspule während der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer erfolgen.A detection of a time at which the armature occupies a certain position, can be based on the time course of the measured current intensity of the current through the magnetic coil during the predetermined period of time.

Bei Common-Rail-Injektoren mit Servo-Ventil und nachgeschalteter Hochdruckhydraulik können sich während des Betriebs noch eine Reihe weiterer Einflüsse ergeben, die in der Schaltkette Ungenauigkeiten erzeugen. So wird durch einen Düsensitzverschleiß typischerweise der Öffnungszeitpunkt und die Öffnungsflugphase der Düsennadel bei unveränderter Funktion des Servoventils und der Hochdruckhydraulik verändert. Wenn z. B. die Düsennadel später oder langsamer aus dem Düsensitz abhebt, wird sie zum Umkehrzeitpunkt, wenn das Servoventil wieder schließt, einen kleineren Hub ausgeführt haben. Folglich wird sie beim Schließen den Düsensitz zwangsläufig auch früher erreichen. Somit ergibt sich aus einem verzögerten Öffnen der Nadel auch ein verfrühtes Schließen. Da die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge direkt von der Öffnungsdauer der Nadel abhängt, kommt es somit zu deutlichen Einflüssen einer eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge. Der Einfluss von Druckwellen auf die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge basiert zumindest teilweise auf einem geänderten Öffnungszeitpunkt der Düsennadel. Einen weiteren Einfluss hat der während der Einspritzung zur Verfügung stehende Einspritzdruck.In common-rail injectors with servo-valve and downstream high-pressure hydraulics, a number of other influences can occur during operation that generate inaccuracies in the switching chain. Thus, a nozzle seat wear typically changes the opening timing and opening phase of the nozzle needle with the servo valve and high pressure hydraulics unchanged. If z. B. lifts the nozzle needle later or slower from the nozzle seat, it is at the time of reversal, when the servo valve closes again, have performed a smaller stroke. Consequently, when closing, it will inevitably reach the nozzle seat sooner. Thus, a delayed opening of the needle also results in premature closure. Since the injected fuel quantity depends directly on the opening duration of the needle, there is thus significant influence of an injected fuel quantity. The influence of pressure waves on the injected fuel quantity is based at least in part on a changed opening time of the nozzle needle. Another influence is the injection pressure available during injection.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Vor diesem Hintergrund werden ein Verfahren und eine Anordnung mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche vorgestellt. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen und der Beschreibung.Against this background, a method and an arrangement with the features of the independent claims are presented. Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description.

Mit der Erfindung kann durch qualitative Sensierung des Drucks im Steuerraum der Schließzeitpunkt der Düsennadel des Einspritzventils detektiert werden.With the invention, the closing time of the nozzle needle of the injection valve can be detected by qualitative sensing of the pressure in the control chamber.

Bei einer möglichen Umsetzung der Erfindung ergibt sich, dass eine eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge genau ermittelt werden kann, da nicht nur die Ungenauigkeiten des Servoventils sondern der gesamten Schaltkette des Einspritzventils bzw. Injektors korrigiert werden können. Es ist möglich, die Exemplarstreuungen gleichartiger Einspritzventile auszugleichen ebenso deren Drift über die Lebensdauer sowie den Einfluss variabler Randbedingungen, wie z. B. Druckschwingungen in der Leitung. Das Verfahren ist in einfacher Weise umzusetzen, da das Wirkprinzip der Erfindung typischerweise auf einer rein qualitativen Merkmalsdetektion basiert, mit deren Hilfe sowohl das Öffnen als auch das Schließen der Düsennadel detektiert werden können. Die Erfindung ist für Injektoren mit Magnetventilen und mit Piezostellern anwendbar.In one possible implementation of the invention, it can be determined that an injected fuel quantity can be accurately determined, since not only the inaccuracies of the servo valve but of the entire switching chain of the injection valve or injector can be corrected. It is possible to compensate for the specimen scattering of similar injection valves as well as their drift over the life and the influence of variable boundary conditions, such. B. pressure oscillations in the line. The method can be implemented in a simple manner, since the operating principle of the invention is typically based on purely qualitative feature detection, by means of which both the opening and the closing of the nozzle needle can be detected. The invention is applicable to injectors with solenoid valves and piezo actuators.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, in einem Verlauf des Drucks innerhalb des Steuerraums mindestens ein Minimum zu bestimmen. Üblicherweise ist der Verlauf des Drucks proportional zu der an dem Piezoelement anliegenden Spannung. Folglich tritt das zu bestimmende Minimum auch an einer Nullstelle bzw. einem Nulldurchgang eines Druckgradienten und somit der ersten zeitlichen Ableitung des Verlaufs des Drucks auf. Der Druckgradient ist in der Regel proportional zu dem durch ein Piezoelement fließenden Strom.Within the scope of the invention, it is provided to determine at least one minimum in the course of the pressure within the control space. Usually, the course of the pressure is proportional to the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element. Consequently, the minimum to be determined also occurs at a zero or a zero crossing of a pressure gradient and thus the first time derivative of the course of the pressure. The pressure gradient is usually proportional to the current flowing through a piezoelectric element.

Die beschriebene Anordnung ist dazu ausgebildet, sämtliche Schritte des vorgestellten Verfahrens durchzuführen. Dabei können einzelne Schritte dieses Verfahrens auch von einzelnen Komponenten der Anordnung durchgeführt werden. Weiterhin können Funktionen der Anordnung oder Funktionen von einzelnen Komponenten der Anordnung als Schritte des Verfahrens umgesetzt werden. Außerdem ist es möglich, dass Schritte des Verfahrens als Funktionen einzelner Komponenten der Anordnung oder der gesamten Anordnung realisiert werden.The arrangement described is designed to carry out all the steps of the presented method. In this case, individual steps of this method can also be carried out by individual components of the arrangement. Furthermore, functions of the arrangement or functions of individual components of the arrangement can be implemented as steps of the method. In addition, it is possible that steps of the method may be realized as functions of individual components of the device or the entire device.

Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung und den beiliegenden Zeichnungen.Further advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description and the accompanying drawings.

Es versteht sich, dass die voranstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination indicated, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

  • Figur 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung einer Schnittansicht durch einen Magnetventil-Injektor. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a sectional view through a solenoid valve injector.
  • Figur 2 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung einen Steuerraum des Magnetventil Injektors aus Figur 1. FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a control chamber of the solenoid valve injector FIG. 1 ,
  • Figur 3 zeigt Diagramme zu Betriebsparametern eines Injektors. FIG. 3 shows diagrams of operating parameters of an injector.
  • Figur 4 zeig in schematischer Darstellung eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung. FIG. 4 show a schematic representation of an embodiment of an arrangement according to the invention.
Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention

Die Erfindung ist anhand von Ausführungsformen in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellt und wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen ausführlich beschrieben.The invention is schematically illustrated by means of embodiments in the drawings and will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

Die Figuren werden zusammenhängend und übergreifend beschrieben, gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen gleiche Komponenten.The figures are described in a coherent and comprehensive manner, like reference numerals designate like components.

Figur 1 zeigt ein schematisches Schnittbild durch ein als Magnetventil-Injektor ausgebildetes Einspritzventil 2. Dieses Einspritzventil 2 umfasst einen Injektorkörper 4, in dem ein Ventilkolben 6 angeordnet ist, der an einem oberen Ende in einem Ventilstück 8 geführt ist und dessen unteres Ende sich in Richtung einer Düse 10 erstreckt. Eine Düsennadel 11 ist mit dem Ventilkolben 6 verbunden und innerhalb der Düse 10 angeordnet. Außerdem ist der Ventilkolben 6 mit einer Hochdruckbohrung 12 und einer Rücklaufbohrung 14 verbunden. An einem oberen Ende des Einspritzventils 2 sind ein Magnetkopf 16, eine Ankergruppe 18 und ein Rücklauf 20 angeordnet. Das Einspritzventil 2 ist weiterhin über einen elektrischen Anschluss 22 mit einer elektrischen Energiequelle und über einen Hochdruck- bzw. HD-Anschluss 23, der einen Stabfilter umfasst, mit einer Kraftstoffzuleitung verbunden. Figur 1 zeigt auch einen Steuerraum 24 des Einspritzventils 2. FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view through an injection valve designed as a solenoid valve injector 2. This injection valve 2 comprises an injector 4, in which a valve piston 6 is arranged, which is guided at an upper end in a valve piece 8 and the lower end in the direction of a nozzle 10 extends. A nozzle needle 11 is connected to the valve piston 6 and disposed within the nozzle 10. In addition, the valve piston 6 is connected to a high-pressure bore 12 and a return bore 14. At a top end of the injector 2, a magnetic head 16, an armature assembly 18, and a return 20 are disposed. The injection valve 2 is further connected via an electrical connection 22 to an electrical energy source and via a high-pressure or high-pressure port 23, which comprises a rod filter, with a fuel supply line. FIG. 1 also shows a control chamber 24 of the injection valve. 2

Bei Betrieb des Einspritzventils 2 ist vorgesehen, dass der Magnetkopf 16 bestromt wird, wodurch die Ankergruppe 18 zum Magnetkopf hin bewegt wird. Dadurch öffnet sich die Verbindung zwischen dem Steuerraum 24 oberhalb des Ventilkolbens 6 und dem Rücklauf 20. Dies löst ein Absinken des Drucks im Steuerraum 24 und damit eine Öffnungsbewegung des Verbunds aus Ventilkolben 6 und Düsennadel 11 aus. Durch das Öffnen der Düsennadel 11 wird die Verbindung zwischen der Hochdruckbohrung 12 und den Spritzlöchern der Düse 10 hergestellt, wodurch Kraftstoff zur Düse 10 gefördert und in einem Zylinder eines Verbrennungsmotors eingespritzt wird.When operating the injection valve 2, it is provided that the magnetic head 16 is energized, whereby the armature group 18 is moved toward the magnetic head. This opens the connection between the control chamber 24 above the valve piston 6 and the return 20. This triggers a decrease in the pressure in the control chamber 24 and thus an opening movement of the composite of valve piston 6 and nozzle needle 11. By opening the nozzle needle 11 is the Connection made between the high-pressure bore 12 and the spray holes of the nozzle 10, whereby fuel is conveyed to the nozzle 10 and injected into a cylinder of an internal combustion engine.

Details eines derartigen Einspritzventils 2 bzw. Injektors sind in Figur 2 schematisch dargestellt. Neben dem Ventilkolben 6 und dem Ventilstück 8, dass den Ventilkolben 6 umgibt, ist in Figur 2 ein Steuerraum 24 dargestellt, der von einer Innenwandung des Ventilstücks 8 und dem innerhalb des Ventilstücks 8 angeordneten Ventilkolben 6 begrenzt ist.Details of such an injection valve 2 or injector are in FIG. 2 shown schematically. In addition to the valve piston 6 and the valve piece 8, which surrounds the valve piston 6, is in FIG. 2 a control chamber 24 is shown, which is bounded by an inner wall of the valve piece 8 and arranged within the valve piece 8 valve piston 6.

Figur 2 zeigt den Steuerraum 24 des Einspritzventils 2 im Ruhezustand. Der Steuerraum 24 ist über eine Zulaufdrossel 26 mit dem Hochdruck-Anschluss zur Bereitstellung von Kraftstoff, der unter Raildruck steht, und über eine schaltbare Ablaufdrossel 28 mit dem Rücklauf 20 des Einspritzventils 2 verbunden. Der Durchfluss durch die Ablaufdrossel 28 ist im Ruhezustand durch ein hier nicht gezeigtes Schaltventil blockiert und wird durch Aktivierung des Schaltventils freigegeben. Der Druck innerhalb des Steuerraums 24 bewirkt eine nach unten, also in Schließrichtung der Düsennadel 11, gerichtete Kraft auf den Ventilkolben 6, der diese Kraft zur Düsennadel 11 weiterleitet. FIG. 2 shows the control chamber 24 of the injection valve 2 in the idle state. The control chamber 24 is connected via an inlet throttle 26 with the high-pressure port for providing fuel, which is under rail pressure, and via a switchable outlet throttle 28 with the return 20 of the injection valve 2. The flow through the outlet throttle 28 is blocked in the idle state by a switching valve, not shown here, and is released by activation of the switching valve. The pressure within the control chamber 24 causes a downwardly, ie in the closing direction of the nozzle needle 11, directed force on the valve piston 6, which forwards this force to the nozzle needle 11.

Während einer sog. Flugphase der Düsennadel 11 wirkt eine durch das Druckfeld unter der Düsennadel 11 bestimmte Öffnungskraft auf die Düsennadel 11. Der Druck im Steuerraum 24 stellt sich in diesem Zeitintervall so ein, dass zwischen Öffnungs- und Schließkraft ein Kräftegleichgewicht besteht. Der Druck im Steuerraum 24 spiegelt folglich die Öffnungskraft der Düsennadel 11 wieder. Aus funktionalen Gründen ist das Einspritzventil 2 stets so dimensioniert, dass in diesem Fall im Steuerraum 24 ein Druck herrscht, der kleiner als der Raildruck ist.During a so-called flight phase of the nozzle needle 11, an opening force determined by the pressure field under the nozzle needle 11 acts on the nozzle needle 11. The pressure in the control chamber 24 is set in this time interval such that a force balance exists between the opening and closing force. The pressure in the control chamber 24 thus reflects the opening force of the nozzle needle 11 again. For functional reasons, the injection valve 2 is always dimensioned so that in this case prevails in the control chamber 24, a pressure which is smaller than the rail pressure.

In Figur 3 sind ein erstes Diagramm 30 und ein zweites Diagramm 32 dargestellt. Dabei umfasst das erste Diagramm 30 eine vertikal orientierte Achse 34, entlang der ein Druck im Steuerraum 24 in der Einheit bar über einer horizontal orientierten Achse 36 für die Zeit in Millisekunden aufgetragen ist. Innerhalb des zweiten Diagramms 32 ist über der horizontal orientierten Achse 36 für die Zeit eine vertikal orientierte Achse 38 für eine Strecke in Mikrometern aufgetragen. Innerhalb des ersten Diagramms 30 ist ein Verlauf für einen Druck 40 innerhalb des Steuerraums 24 dargestellt. Hierzu synchron ist im zweiten Diagramm 32 ein Verlauf für einen Hub 42 der Düsennadel 11 dargestellt. Die beiden Diagramme 30, 32 zeigen, dass sich ein Öffnen und Schließen als Bewegungsänderung der Düsennadel 11 auf den Druck 40 innerhalb des Steuerraums 24 auswirkt. So zeigt der Druck 40 zu Beginn des Öffnens der Düsennadel 11 ein erstes, als Minimum ausgebildetes Minimum 44. Nach einem Schließen der Düsennadel 11 weist der Druck 40 ein zweites als Minimum ausgebildetes Minimum 46 auf.In FIG. 3 For example, a first diagram 30 and a second diagram 32 are shown. In this case, the first diagram 30 comprises a vertically oriented axis 34, along which a pressure in the control chamber 24 in the unit bar is plotted over a horizontally oriented axis 36 for the time in milliseconds. Within the second plot 32, a vertically oriented axis 38 is plotted over the horizontally oriented axis 36 for time in microns. Within the first diagram 30, a curve for a pressure 40 within the control chamber 24 is shown. For this purpose, a curve for a stroke 42 of the nozzle needle 11 is shown in the second diagram 32 in synchronism. The two diagrams 30, 32 show that opening and closing as a change in movement of the nozzle needle 11 to the pressure 40 within the control chamber 24 effects. Thus, the pressure 40 at the beginning of opening the nozzle needle 11 shows a first minimum 44 formed as a minimum. After closing the nozzle needle 11, the pressure 40 has a second minimum 46 formed as a minimum.

Eine Öffnungskraft auf die Düsennadel 11 und damit auch der Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 sind wegen der dann vorhandenen Sitzdrosselung bei kleinem Hub 42 der Düsennadel 11, also unmittelbar nach dem Öffnen und unmittelbar vor dem Schließen, besonders klein. Bei geschlossenem Einspritzventil 2 herrscht dagegen im Steuerraum 24 der Raildruck. Der dann vorhandene Überschuss der Schließkraft gegenüber der Öffnungskraft wird in diesem Fall mechanisch in den Düsenkörpersitz geleitet. Bei bereits geöffnetem Schaltventil kommt es folglich vor dem Öffnen der Düsennadel 11 wegen des Kraftstoffabflusses aus der Ablaufdrossel 28 zu einem schnellen Absinken des Drucks 40 im Steuerraum 24. Diese Phase endet mit dem Öffnen der Düsennadel 11. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt steigt der Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 wegen des dann steigenden Drucks unterhalb des Düsensitzes wieder an. Der Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 weist folglich zum Zeitpunkt des Öffnens der Düsennadel 11 das Minimum auf. Außerdem ist der Druck 40 unmittelbar vor dem Schließzeitpunkt der Düsennadel 11 wegen des dann geringen Drucks unter dem Düsensitz deutlich kleiner als der Raildruck. Unmittelbar nach dem Schließen der Düsennadel 11 kommt es wegen des nun stehenden Ventilkolbens 6 zu einem steilen Anstieg des Drucks 40 im Steuerraum 24 bis über das Niveau des Raildrucks hinaus. Der Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 weist folglich auch zum Zeitpunkt des Schließens der Düsennadel 11 ein ausgeprägtes Minimum auf.An opening force on the nozzle needle 11 and thus the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24 are due to the then existing seat throttling at a small stroke 42 of the nozzle needle 11, ie immediately after opening and immediately before closing, particularly small. When the injection valve 2 is closed, on the other hand, the rail pressure prevails in the control chamber 24. The then existing excess of the closing force against the opening force is conducted in this case mechanically into the nozzle body seat. When the switching valve is already open, it therefore comes before opening the nozzle needle 11 because of the fuel drain from the outlet throttle 28 to a rapid drop in the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24. This phase ends with the opening of the nozzle needle 11. From this point increases the pressure 40 in the control room 24 again because of the then increasing pressure below the nozzle seat. The pressure 40 in the control chamber 24 consequently has the minimum at the time of opening of the nozzle needle 11. In addition, the pressure 40 is immediately before the closing time of the nozzle needle 11 because of the then low pressure under the nozzle seat significantly smaller than the rail pressure. Immediately after the closing of the nozzle needle 11, because of the now standing valve piston 6, there is a steep rise in the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24 beyond the level of the rail pressure. Consequently, the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24 also has a pronounced minimum at the time of closing the nozzle needle 11.

Zur Detektion von Öffnungs- und Schließzeitpunkt der Düsennadel 11 ist vorgesehen, den Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 in seinem Verlauf qualitativ zu erfassen. Wie Figur 4 schematisch zeigt, ist in der Wandung des Steuerraums 24, üblicherweise im Bereich des feststehenden Ventilstücks 8, ein kleines Piezoelement 48 angeordnet, das als Sensor dient. Elektrische Anschlüsse 50 des Piezoelements 48 sind nach hinten in den Niederdruckbereich des Einspritzventils 2 herausgeführt. Weiterhin sind die beiden Anschlüsse 50 mit von außen zugänglichen Steckkontakten verbunden. Das Piezoelement 48 stellt in einer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eine Spannung 52 bereit, die abzüglich einer Offsetspannung, proportional zum Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 ist. Die Offsetspannung ist dabei zeitlich variabel, unterliegt aber nur deutlich langsameren Schwankungen, als dies beim Druck 40 im Steuerraum 24 der Fall ist.For detecting the opening and closing time of the nozzle needle 11 is provided to detect the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24 in its course qualitatively. As FIG. 4 schematically shows, in the wall of the control chamber 24, usually in the region of the fixed valve member 8, a small piezoelectric element 48 is arranged, which serves as a sensor. Electrical connections 50 of the piezoelectric element 48 are led out to the rear into the low-pressure region of the injection valve 2. Furthermore, the two terminals 50 are connected to externally accessible plug contacts. In one embodiment of the method according to the invention, the piezoelectric element 48 provides a voltage 52 which, less an offset voltage, is proportional to the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24. The offset voltage is variable over time, but is only subject to significantly slower fluctuations than is the case with the pressure 40 in the control chamber 24.

Das Öffnen und/oder das Schließen der Düsennadel 11 wird jeweils über ein Minimum im Verlauf der vom Piezoelement 48 abgegebenen Spannung 52 detektiert.The opening and / or closing of the nozzle needle 11 is detected in each case over a minimum in the course of the output from the piezoelectric element 48 voltage 52.

Eine Abdichtung des Steuerraums 24 im Bereich des Piezoelements 48 zum Niederdruck kann durch Anwendung von Technologien erfolgen, die für Produkte mit elektrischen Aktoren im Hochdruckbereich, z. B. CRI3.3i der Robert Bosch GmbH, bekannt sind, z. B. durch Glaseinschmelzungen zur Durchführung elektrischer Kontaktierungen und dergleichen.A sealing of the control chamber 24 in the region of the piezoelectric element 48 for low pressure can be done by applying technologies that are suitable for products with electrical actuators in the high pressure region, eg. B. CRI3.3i the Robert Bosch GmbH, known, for. B. by Glaseinschmelzungen for performing electrical contacts and the like.

Die Spannung 52, die das Piezoelement 48 im Ruhezustand abgibt, kann über einen Ableitwiderstand zwischen den Zuleitungen zum Piezoelement 48 unabhängig vom Raildruck zu null gesetzt werden. Der Ableitwiderstand kann dabei im Einspritzventil 2, in einem Steuergerät 54, das im Rahmen des Verfahrens als Auswerteeinrichtung verwendet wird und ein Spannungsmessgerät sowie ein Strommessgerät aufweist, oder auch in einer Zuleitung zwischen dem Steuergerät 54 und dem Piezoelement 48 angeordnet sein. Bei Bedarf kann der Ableitwiderstand auch an eine im Steuergerät 48 vorhandene Spannungsquelle angeschlossen sein, so dass sich die Ruhespannung des Piezoelements 48 auf einen beliebigen Wert, bspw. die Spannung dieser Spannungsquelle, einstellen lässt. Eine Elektrode des Piezoelements 48 kann im Injektor bzw. dem Einspritzventil 2 mit dem Injektorkörper 4 bzw. Injektorgehäuse und damit mit der Masse des Fahrzeugs verbunden sein. In diesem Fall wird nur noch eine Sensorleitung aus dem Einspritzventil 2 herausgeführt und deren elektrisches Potential gegen Masse ausgewertet.The voltage 52, which emits the piezoelectric element 48 in the idle state, can be set to zero via a leakage resistance between the supply lines to the piezoelectric element 48 independently of the rail pressure. The bleeder resistor can be arranged in the injection valve 2, in a control unit 54, which is used in the context of the method as an evaluation and a voltage measuring device and an ammeter, or in a supply line between the controller 54 and the piezoelectric element 48. If required, the bleeder resistor can also be connected to a voltage source present in the control unit 48, so that the quiescent voltage of the piezoelectric element 48 can be set to any desired value, for example the voltage of this voltage source. An electrode of the piezoelectric element 48 may be connected in the injector or the injection valve 2 to the injector body 4 or injector housing and thus to the mass of the vehicle. In this case, only one sensor line is led out of the injection valve 2 and evaluated their electrical potential to ground.

Das Piezoelement 48 kann alternativ auch über einen niederohmigen Widerstand abgeschlossen sein, so dass an Stelle der Spannung 52 U der vom Piezoelement 48 abgegebene Strom I ausgewertet wird. Dieser Strom ist gleich dem Gradienten der Ladung auf den Elektroden des Piezoelements 48 und damit proportional zum Druckgradienten dp/dt im Steuerraum. Der Öffnungs- und der Schließzeitpunkt der Düsennadel 11 gehen in diesem Fall stets mit einer Vorzeichenumkehr des vom Piezoelement 48 abgegebenen Stroms einher. Dieser Stromnulldurchgang wird dann jeweils detektiert.Alternatively, the piezoelectric element 48 may also be terminated via a low-resistance resistor, so that, instead of the voltage 52 U, the current I output by the piezoelectric element 48 is evaluated. This current is equal to the gradient of the charge on the electrodes of the piezoelectric element 48 and thus proportional to the pressure gradient dp / dt in the control chamber. The opening and closing time of the nozzle needle 11 always go in this case with a sign reversal of the output from the piezoelectric element 48 current. This current zero crossing is then detected in each case.

Das Piezoelement 48 kann in Einschicht-Technik, ähnlich einem Zündpiezo eines Feuerzeugs, besonders vorteilhaft in Verbindung mit der Auswertung der Spannung 52, oder in Multilayertechnik besonders vorteilhaft in Verbindung mit der Auswertung des Stroms ausgebildet sein.The piezoelectric element 48 may be formed in a single-layer technique, similar to a Zündpiezo a lighter, particularly advantageous in connection with the evaluation of the voltage 52, or in multilayer technology particularly advantageous in connection with the evaluation of the current.

Die Erfindung ist hier am Beispiel eines als Magnetventil-Injektor ausgebildeten Einspritzventils 2 beschrieben. Sie kann aber auch für Piezo-Injektoren angewendet werden.The invention is described here using the example of an injection valve 2 embodied as a solenoid valve injector. But it can also be used for piezo injectors.

Claims (8)

  1. Method for determining a time at which a nozzle needle (11) which is arranged in an injection valve (2) carries out a change in movement, in which method a variable which provides information about a profile of a pressure (40) which is present in a control space (24) of the injection valve (2) is measured directly in the control space (24) with a sensor, characterized in that on the basis of the variable for the profile of the pressure (40) the time at which the profile is at a minimum (44, 46) is determined, and wherein this time is identified as the time of the opening of the nozzle needle (11).
  2. Method according to Claim 1, in which closing of the nozzle needle (11) is examined as a change in movement, and the time of a minimum is determined as closing.
  3. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 2, in which the variable is measured with a sensor which is arranged in the control space (24) and is embodied as a piezo-element (48).
  4. Method according, to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which a voltage (52) present at the piezo-element (48) is measured as a variable, wherein the profile of the pressure (40) is determined from the voltage (52) and is examined for the presence of a minimum.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which a current flowing through the piezo-element (48) is measured as a variable, and a gradient of the pressure (40) which is present in the control space (24) is determined therefrom, and a profile of the gradient is examined for the presence of a zero crossover.
  6. Arrangement for determining a time at which a nozzle needle (11) which is arranged in an injection valve (2) carries out a change in movement, wherein the arrangement has a sensor and an evaluation device, wherein the sensor is designed to measure directly, in a control space (24) of the injection valve (2), a variable which provides information about a profile of a pressure which is present in the control space (24), characterized in that the evaluation device is designed to determine from the variable for the profile of the pressure (40) the time at which the profile is at a minimum and to identify this time as a time of opening.
  7. Arrangement according to Claim 6, which has a single-layer piezo-element (48) and a voltage-measuring device for measuring the pressure (40) as a variable, wherein the voltage-measuring device is designed to measure a voltage (52) which is present at the piezo-element (48), and wherein the evaluation device is designed to determine the profile of the pressure (40) on the basis of the measured voltage (52).
  8. Arrangement according to Claim 6, which has a multi-layer piezo-element (48) and a current-measuring device for measuring a pressure gradient as a variable, wherein the current-measuring device is designed to measure a current flowing through the piezo-element (48), and wherein the evaluation device is designed to determine a profile of a pressure gradient on the basis of the measured current.
EP10754910.7A 2009-09-17 2010-09-08 Method and apparatus to detect the movement of a needle of a fuel injector Active EP2478200B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009029549A DE102009029549A1 (en) 2009-09-17 2009-09-17 Method for determining a time
PCT/EP2010/063185 WO2011032873A1 (en) 2009-09-17 2010-09-08 Method and apparatus for determining a movement of an injection valve needle

Publications (2)

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EP2478200A1 EP2478200A1 (en) 2012-07-25
EP2478200B1 true EP2478200B1 (en) 2015-04-22

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EP10754910.7A Active EP2478200B1 (en) 2009-09-17 2010-09-08 Method and apparatus to detect the movement of a needle of a fuel injector

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EP (1) EP2478200B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102575607B (en)
DE (1) DE102009029549A1 (en)
IN (1) IN2012DN00278A (en)
WO (1) WO2011032873A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN2012DN00278A (en) 2015-05-08
WO2011032873A1 (en) 2011-03-24
CN102575607B (en) 2015-06-24
EP2478200A1 (en) 2012-07-25
CN102575607A (en) 2012-07-11
DE102009029549A1 (en) 2011-03-24

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