EP2475255A2 - Use of cyclic keto-enols for combating plant pathogenic bacteria - Google Patents

Use of cyclic keto-enols for combating plant pathogenic bacteria

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Publication number
EP2475255A2
EP2475255A2 EP10771639A EP10771639A EP2475255A2 EP 2475255 A2 EP2475255 A2 EP 2475255A2 EP 10771639 A EP10771639 A EP 10771639A EP 10771639 A EP10771639 A EP 10771639A EP 2475255 A2 EP2475255 A2 EP 2475255A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plants
plant
enols
pathogenic bacteria
citrus
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EP10771639A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang Thielert
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Bayer CropScience AG
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Bayer CropScience AG
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Priority to EP10771639A priority Critical patent/EP2475255A2/en
Publication of EP2475255A2 publication Critical patent/EP2475255A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
    • A01N47/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom containing —O—CO—O— groups; Thio analogues thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of known cyclic etoenols against plant pathogenic bacteria.
  • the bacterium belongs to the alpha subdivision of the Proteobacteriae, which serve as a vector the citrus leaf fleas Diaphorina citri (CLasiaticus, CL americanus, CLafricanus) and Trioza erytreae (CLafricanus, CLasiaticus); they are limited to the phloem.
  • Infected trees are no longer recovering.
  • the control of HLB is based on the preventive control of vectors with systemic insecticides and contact insecticides. However, the efficacy and potency of these compounds is not always fully satisfactory. Newly infected trees show the first symptoms after a latency period of 6-12 months. Eradication of infested trees is also essential to prevent further uptake by leaf fleas and spread of the disease. HLB bacteria live and reproduce exclusively in the phloem of citrus trees. Currently there are no bactericides for the curative treatment of HLB.
  • the ketoenol ACCase inhibitor spirotetramat (compound of formula (1-2)) with its in phloem-mobile and biologically active metabolite Spirotetramat-enol (compound of formula (I-1)) is not only effective against a wide variety of sucking pests, including vectors of HLB disease, but also against fungal pathogens (WO 06/077071, WO 07/131681, WO 07/126691, WO 07/144086, WO 08/017388, WO 08/080545, WO 09/000443, WO 09/003597, WO 09/085176, WO 09/083 132, PCT / EP / 2009/000816 (not yet published)) and in particular against exclusively phloem-living bacteria such as Candidatus Liberibacter species in citrus.
  • (I-2) Spirotetramat are suitable for controlling bacteria, preferably phytopathogenic bacteria, and especially against bacteria such as Candidatus Liberibacter species in citrus that live exclusively in the phloem. It is used after spraying and in soil application.
  • the active compounds of the formulas (I-I) and (I-2) and their insecticides and / or acaricidal action are known from WO 98/05638, WO 04/007448.
  • the active ingredients are suitable for plant tolerance to combat bacterial diseases that occur in fruit growing, in agriculture, in nurseries and in forests. They can preferably be used as crop protection agents. They are effective against normally sensitive and resistant species as well as against all or individual stages of development.
  • the bacteria mentioned above include: Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus ssp. Capensis.
  • citrus such as oranges, grapefruit, tangerines, lemons, limes, bitter oranges, kumquats, satsumas, etc., are understood to mean perennial crops.
  • plants and parts of plants can be treated.
  • plants are understood as meaning all plants and plant populations, such as desirable and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring plants)
  • Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties which can or can not be protected by plant breeders' rights.
  • Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all aboveground and subterranean parts and organs of the plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples of which include leaves, needles, stems, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds, and roots.
  • the plant parts also include crops and vegetative and generative propagation material, such as cuttings, offshoots and seeds.
  • the treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active ingredients is carried out directly or by acting on their environment and habitat according to the usual treatment methods, e.g. by casting and spraying.
  • plants and their parts can be treated.
  • wild-type or plant species obtained by conventional biological breeding methods such as crossing or protoplast fusion
  • plant cultivars and their parts are treated.
  • transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof are treated.
  • the terms "parts” or “parts of plants” or “plant parts” have been explained above.
  • Plant varieties are understood as meaning plants having new traits which have been bred by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These can be varieties, biotypes and genotypes.
  • the treatment according to the invention may also give rise to superadditive ("synergistic") effects.
  • superadditive for example, reduced application rates and / or extensions of the spectrum of action and / or an increase in the Effect of the substances and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to dryness or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering efficiency, easier harvest, acceleration of ripeness, higher crop yields, higher quality and / or higher Nutritional value of the harvested products, higher shelf life and / or workability of the harvested products possible, which go beyond the expected effects actually.
  • the preferred plants or plant varieties to be treated according to the invention to be treated include all plants which, as a result of the genetic engineering modification, obtained genetic material which gives these plants particularly advantageous valuable properties ("traits").
  • traits are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to dryness or to bottoms salt, increased flowering, easier harvesting, acceleration of ripeness, higher crop yields, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested products , higher shelf life and / or workability of the harvested products.
  • Further and particularly emphasized examples of such properties are an increased defense of the plants against animal and microbial pests, as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and / or viruses as well as an increased tolerance of the plants against certain herbicidal active substances.
  • transgenic plants are the important crops, such as cereals (wheat, rice), maize, soya, potatoes, sugar beets, tomatoes, peas and other vegetables, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape, and fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, Citrus fruits and grapes), with special emphasis on maize, soya, potato, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape.
  • Traits which are particularly emphasized are the increased defense of the plants against insects, arachnids, nematodes and snails by toxins produced in the plants, in particular those produced by the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (eg by the genes CrylA (a) , CrylA (b), CrylA (c), CryllA, CrylllA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and Cr lF and combinations thereof) in the plants (hereinafter "Bt plants”). Traits also highlight the increased resistance of plants to fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins.
  • SAR systemic acquired resistance
  • trasits which are furthermore particularly emphasized are the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (eg "PAT" gene).
  • herbicidally active compounds for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (eg "PAT" gene).
  • the genes which confer the desired properties can also occur in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants.
  • the active compounds can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, scattering granules, suspension-emulsion concentrates, active substance-impregnated natural substances, active substance impregnated synthetic materials, fertilizers and micro-encapsulants in polymeric materials.
  • customary formulations such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, scattering granules, suspension-emulsion concentrates, active substance-impregnated natural substances, active substance impregnated synthetic materials, fertilizers and micro-encapsulants in polymeric materials.
  • formulations are prepared in a known manner, e.g. by mixing the active compounds with extenders, ie liquid solvents and / or solid carriers, if appropriate using surface-active agents, ie emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or foam-forming agents.
  • extenders ie liquid solvents and / or solid carriers
  • surface-active agents ie emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or foam-forming agents.
  • Excipients which can be used are those which are suitable for imparting special properties to the composition itself and / or preparations derived therefrom (for example spray liquor, seed dressing), such as certain technical properties and / or specific biological properties.
  • Typical auxiliaries are: extenders, solvents and carriers.
  • polar and non-polar organic chemical liquids e.g. from the classes of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), alcohols and polyols (which may also be substituted, etherified and / or esterified), ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), Esters (including fats and oils) and (poly) ethers, simple and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide).
  • aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes
  • alcohols and polyols which may also be substituted, etherified and / or esterified
  • ketones such
  • Suitable liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene, or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, e.g.
  • Petroleum fractions mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and water.
  • Suitable solid carriers are: for example, ammonium salts and ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as highly disperse silica, alumina and silicates, as solid carriers for granules are: for example, broken and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, Coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks; suitable emulsifiers and / or foam formers are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, arylsul
  • POE ethers fatty and / or POP-POE adducts, POE and / or POP polyol derivatives, POE and / or POP sorbitan or sugar adducts, alkyl or aryl sulfates, sulfonates and phosphates or the corresponding PO-ether adducts.
  • suitable oligo- or polymers for example starting from vinylic monomers, from acrylic acid, from EO and / or PO alone or in combination with, for example, (poly) alcohols or (poly) amines.
  • lignin and its sulfonic acid derivatives simple and modified
  • Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, granular or latex-type polymers such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids may be used in the formulations.
  • Dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • inorganic pigments e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • additives may be fragrances, mineral or vegetable optionally modified oils, waxes and nutrients (also trace nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • Stabilizers such as cold stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers or other chemical and / or physical stability-improving agents may also be present.
  • the formulations generally contain between 0.01 and 98% by weight of active ingredient, preferably between 0.5 and 90%.
  • the active compounds may be present in commercial formulations as well as in the formulations prepared from these formulations in admixture with other active ingredients such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, safeners, fertilizers or semiochemicals.
  • the active substance content of the application forms prepared from the commercial formulations can vary within wide ranges.
  • the active ingredient concentration of the use forms may be from 0.0000001 to 95% by weight of active ingredient, preferably between 0.0001 and 1% by weight.
  • the application is done in a custom forms adapted to the application forms.
  • Citrus nursery plants are artificially inoculated with HLB (by grafting with HLB-infected material) to ensure a uniform rate of infection in all trees.
  • HLB-infected material Citrus nursery plants are artificially inoculated with HLB (by grafting with HLB-infected material) to ensure a uniform rate of infection in all trees.
  • the effectiveness of the applied products on the HLB-infected nursery plants is determined.
  • Fifty Midnight Valencia nursery plants are being fished on a Trifoliata hybrid pad.
  • the trees are transformed into 5 € containers in potter mixture (fumigated topsoil-bark mix). Subsequently, the trees are grafted with HLB-infected noble vines (at least two spikes per plant).
  • the variants are set up in the form of a randomized block system with 10 repetitions. Over the entire duration of the experiment, the customary irrigation, fertilizer and insect control measures are carried out.
  • the products are applied immediately after the HLB infection of the trees has been determined by PCR analysis and the total new growth in the test proved to be HLB-positive, with a spinal syringe as foliar application until incipient Abtropen.
  • Second PCR analysis (leaf removal, 3 months after grafting to determine the state of the trees after grafting).

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of known cyclic keto-enols for combating plant pathogenic bacteria.

Description

Verwendung von cyclischen Ketoenolen gegen pflanzen pathogene Bakterien  Use of cyclic ketoenols against plant pathogenic bacteria
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung bekannter cyclischer etoenole gegen pflanzenpathogene Bakterien. The present invention relates to the use of known cyclic etoenols against plant pathogenic bacteria.
Die derzeit in-vitro nicht kultivierbaren gramnegativen Bakterien Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus und Candidatus Liberibacter africanus ssp. Capensis, verursachen die Zitruskrankheit HLB (Huanglongbing), die aucTTden englischen Trivialnamen„citrus greening" trägt, eine schwere Bakteriose, die weltweit eine ernste Bedrohung für die Zitrusproduktion darstellt (Josy Bove, 2008: A destructive, newly- emerging, century-old disease in citrus: huanglongbing in Africa, Asia and America. History, causal agents, transmission, distribution, and Symptoms. Control or no control, success or failure?;The currently non-cultivable Gram-negative bacteria in vitro Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus and Candidatus Liberibacter africanus ssp. Capensis, the citrus disease HLB (Huanglongbing), which aucTT bears the English common name "citrus greening", causes severe bacteriosis that poses a serious threat to citrus production worldwide (Josy Bove, 2008: A destructive, newly emerging, century-old disease in citrus: huanglongbing in africa, asia and america, history, causal agents, transmission, distribution, and symptom control or no control, success or failure;
Proceedings of the 5th International Citrus Research Symposium, 2008 - Central Drakensberg, Republic of South Africa. P. 57-60). Das Bakterium zählt zu der Alpha-Subdivision der Proteobacteriae, denen die Zitrusblattflöhe Diaphorina citri (C.L.asiaticus, C.L. americanus, C.L.africanus) und Trioza erytreae (C.L.africanus, C.L.asiaticus) als Vektor dienen; sie sind auf das Phloem beschränkt. Proceedings of the 5 th International Citrus Research Symposium, 2008 - Central Drakensberg, Republic of South Africa. P. 57-60). The bacterium belongs to the alpha subdivision of the Proteobacteriae, which serve as a vector the citrus leaf fleas Diaphorina citri (CLasiaticus, CL americanus, CLafricanus) and Trioza erytreae (CLafricanus, CLasiaticus); they are limited to the phloem.
Obwohl das Erscheinungsbild der Krankheit je nach Zitrussorte leicht unterschiedlich ist, sind häufige Symptome der Krankheit ein Vergilben der Blattadern und der benachbarten Gewebe, wonach das gesamte Blatt vergilbt oder sprenkelig wird. Bei Bäumen im fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadium bzw. bei chronisch infizierten Bäumen ist die gesamte Krone vergilbt und ausgelichtet und Zweige sterben ab. Kranke Bäume bilden kleine unregelmäßige Früchte, die auch im reifen Zustand hauptsächlich grün bleiben und deformiert sind, die Samen verkümmern größtenteils, und der Saft weist einen niedrigen Mineralstoff- und hohen Säuregehalt auf, wodurch er aufgrund seines bitter-salzigen Geschmacks ungenießbar wird. Although the appearance of the disease differs slightly depending on the citrus variety, common symptoms of the disease are yellowing of the leaf veins and adjacent tissues, which causes the entire leaf to turn yellow or become dappled. In trees in the advanced stages of disease or in chronically infected trees, the entire crown is yellowed and cleared and branches die off. Sick trees form small irregular fruits that remain green and deformed mainly when ripe, the seeds are largely atrophied, and the juice is low in minerals and high in acidity, making it undrinkable due to its bitter-salty taste.
Infizierte Bäume erholen sich nicht mehr. Die Bekämpfung von HLB beruht auf der präventiven Kontrolle der Vektoren mit systemischen Insektiziden und Kontaktinsektiziden. Die Wirksamkeit und Wirkungsbreite dieser Verbindungen ist jedoch nicht immer voll zufriedenstellend. Neu infizierte Bäume weisen nach einer Latenzperiode von 6- 12 Monaten die ersten Symptome auf. Die Eradizierung von befallenen Bäumen ist außerdem wesentlich, um eine weitere Aufnahme durch Blattflöhe und ein Ausbreiten der Krankheit zu verhindern. HLB-Bakterien leben und vermehren sich ausschließlich im Phloem von Zitrusbäumen. Derzeit gibt es jedoch keine Bakterizide für die kurative Bekämpfung von HLB. Der Ketoenol-ACCase- Hemmer Spirotetramat (Verbindung der Formel (1-2)) mit seinem im Phloem-mobilen und biologisch aktiven Stoffwechselprodukt Spirotetramat-Enol (Verbindung der Formel (I- l )) ist jedoch nicht nur gegen verschiedenste saugende Schädlinge wirksam, darunter Vektoren der HLB- Krankheit, sondern auch gegen pilzliche Pathogene (WO 06/077071 , WO 07/131681 , WO 07/126691 , WO 07/144086, WO 08/017388, WO 08/080545, WO 09/000443, WO 09/003597, WO 09/085176, WO 09/083 132, PCT/EP/2009/000816 (noch nicht veröffentlicht)) und insbesondere gegen ausschließlich im Phloem lebende Bakterien wie Candidatus-Liberibacter- Arten in Zitrus. Infected trees are no longer recovering. The control of HLB is based on the preventive control of vectors with systemic insecticides and contact insecticides. However, the efficacy and potency of these compounds is not always fully satisfactory. Newly infected trees show the first symptoms after a latency period of 6-12 months. Eradication of infested trees is also essential to prevent further uptake by leaf fleas and spread of the disease. HLB bacteria live and reproduce exclusively in the phloem of citrus trees. Currently there are no bactericides for the curative treatment of HLB. The ketoenol ACCase inhibitor spirotetramat (compound of formula (1-2)) with its in phloem-mobile and biologically active metabolite Spirotetramat-enol (compound of formula (I-1)) is not only effective against a wide variety of sucking pests, including vectors of HLB disease, but also against fungal pathogens (WO 06/077071, WO 07/131681, WO 07/126691, WO 07/144086, WO 08/017388, WO 08/080545, WO 09/000443, WO 09/003597, WO 09/085176, WO 09/083 132, PCT / EP / 2009/000816 (not yet published)) and in particular against exclusively phloem-living bacteria such as Candidatus Liberibacter species in citrus.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass Verbindungen der Formeln (I-l ) oder (1-2) It has now been found that compounds of the formulas (I-1) or (1-2)
(1-1 ) (I-2) Spirotetramat zur Bekämpfung von Bakterien geeignet sind, vorzugsweise pflanzenpathogene Bakterien, und insbesondere gegen Bakterien wie Candidatus-Liberibacter-Arten in Zitrus, die ausschließlich im Phloem leben. Die Verwendung erfolgt nach Spritzung und in der Bodenanwendung.  (1-1) (I-2) Spirotetramat are suitable for controlling bacteria, preferably phytopathogenic bacteria, and especially against bacteria such as Candidatus Liberibacter species in citrus that live exclusively in the phloem. It is used after spraying and in soil application.
Die Wirkstoffe der Formeln (I-l ) und (1-2) und deren Insektizide und/oder akarizide Wirkung sind bekannt aus: WO 98/05638, WO 04/007448. The active compounds of the formulas (I-I) and (I-2) and their insecticides and / or acaricidal action are known from WO 98/05638, WO 04/007448.
Die Wirkstoffe eignen sich bei guter Pflanzenverträglichkeit zur Bekämpfung von Bakteriosen, die im Obstanbau, in der Landwirtschaft, in Gärtnereien und in Forsten vorkommen. Sie können vorzugsweise als Pflanzenschutzmittel eingesetzt werden. Sie sind gegen normal sensible und resistente Arten sowie gegen alle oder einzelne Entwicklungsstadien wirksam. Zu den oben erwähnten Bakterien gehören: Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus ssp. Capensis. Hinsichtlich der Anwendung versteht man unter mehrjährigen Kulturen Zitrus, wie beispielsweise Orangen, Grapefruits, Mandarinen, Zitronen, Limetten, Bitterorangen, Kumquats, Satsumas, etc. The active ingredients are suitable for plant tolerance to combat bacterial diseases that occur in fruit growing, in agriculture, in nurseries and in forests. They can preferably be used as crop protection agents. They are effective against normally sensitive and resistant species as well as against all or individual stages of development. The bacteria mentioned above include: Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus ssp. Capensis. With regard to the application, citrus such as oranges, grapefruit, tangerines, lemons, limes, bitter oranges, kumquats, satsumas, etc., are understood to mean perennial crops.
Erfindungsgemäß können alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile behandelt werden. Unter Pflanzen werden hierbei alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenpopulationen verstanden, wie erwünschte und unerwünschte Wildpflanzen oder Kulturpflanzen (einschließlich natürlich vorkommenderAccording to the invention, all plants and parts of plants can be treated. In this context, plants are understood as meaning all plants and plant populations, such as desirable and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring plants)
Kulturpflanzen). Kulturpflanzen können Pflanzen sein, die durch konventionelle Züchtungs- und Optimierungsmethoden oder durch biotechnologische und gentechnologische Methoden oder Kombinationen dieser Methoden erhalten werden können, einschließlich der transgenen Pflanzen und einschließlich der durch Sortenschutzrechte schützbaren oder nicht schützbaren Pflanzensorten. Unter Pflanzenteilen sollen alle oberirdischen und unterirdischen Teile und Organe der Pflanzen, wie Sproß, Blatt, Blüte und Wurzel verstanden werden, wobei beispielhaft Blätter, Nadeln, Stengel, Stämme, Blüten, Fruchtkörper, Früchte und Saatgut sowie Wurzeln aufgeführt werden. Zu den Pflanzenteilen gehört auch Erntegut sowie vegetatives und generatives Vermehrungsmaterial, beispielsweise Stecklinge, Ableger und Saatgut. Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung der Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile mit den Wirkstoffen erfolgt direkt oder durch Einwirkung auf deren Umgebung und Lebensraum nach den üblichen Behandlungsmethoden, z.B. durch Angiessen und Sprühen. Crop plants). Crop plants can be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the transgenic plants and including the plant varieties which can or can not be protected by plant breeders' rights. Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all aboveground and subterranean parts and organs of the plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, examples of which include leaves, needles, stems, stems, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds, and roots. The plant parts also include crops and vegetative and generative propagation material, such as cuttings, offshoots and seeds. The treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts with the active ingredients is carried out directly or by acting on their environment and habitat according to the usual treatment methods, e.g. by casting and spraying.
Wie bereits oben erwähnt, können erfindungsgemäß alle Pflanzen und deren Teile behandelt werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden wild vorkommende oder durch konventionelle biologische Zuchtmethoden, wie Kreuzung oder Protoplastenfusion erhaltenen Pflanzenarten und Pflanzensorten sowie deren Teile behandelt. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten, die durch gentechnologische Methoden gegebenenfalls in Kombination mit konventionellen Methoden erhalten wurden (Genetically Modified Organisms) und deren Teile behandelt. Die Begriffe "Teile" bzw. "Teile von Pflanzen" oder "Pflanzenteile" wurden oben erläutert. As already mentioned above, according to the invention all plants and their parts can be treated. In a preferred embodiment, wild-type or plant species obtained by conventional biological breeding methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and plant cultivars and their parts are treated. In a further preferred embodiment, transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms), and parts thereof are treated. The terms "parts" or "parts of plants" or "plant parts" have been explained above.
Besonders bevorzugt werden erfindungsgemäß Pflanzen der jeweils handelsüblichen oder in Gebrauch befindlichen Pflanzensorten behandelt. Unter Pflanzensorten versteht man Pflanzen mit neuen Eigenschaften ("Traits"), die sowohl durch konventionelle Züchtung, durch Mutagenese oder durch rekombinante DNA-Techniken gezüchtet worden sind. Dies können Sorten, Bio- und Genotypen sein. It is particularly preferred according to the invention to treat plants of the respective commercially available or in use plant cultivars. Plant varieties are understood as meaning plants having new traits which have been bred by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These can be varieties, biotypes and genotypes.
Je nach Pflanzenarten bzw. Pflanzensorten, deren Standort und Wachstumsbedingungen (Böden, Klima, Vegetationsperiode, Ernährung) können durch die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung auch überadditive ("synergistische") Effekte auftreten. So sind beispielsweise erniedrigte Aufwandmengen und/oder Erweiterungen des Wirkungsspektrums und/oder eine Verstärkung der Wirkung der erfindungsgemäß verwendbaren Stoffe und Mittel, besseres Pflanzenwachstum, erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber hohen oder niedrigen Temperaturen, erhöhte Toleranz gegen Trockenheit oder gegen Wasser- bzw. Bodensalzgehalt, erhöhte Blühleistung, erleichterte Ernte, Beschleunigung der Reife, höhere Ernteerträge, höhere Qualität und/oder höherer Ernährungswert der Ernteprodukte, höhere Lagerfähigkeit und/oder Bearbeitbarkeit der Ernteprodukte möglich, die über die eigentlich zu erwartenden Effekte hinausgehen. Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the invention may also give rise to superadditive ("synergistic") effects. Thus, for example, reduced application rates and / or extensions of the spectrum of action and / or an increase in the Effect of the substances and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to dryness or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering efficiency, easier harvest, acceleration of ripeness, higher crop yields, higher quality and / or higher Nutritional value of the harvested products, higher shelf life and / or workability of the harvested products possible, which go beyond the expected effects actually.
Zu den bevorzugten erfindungsgemäß zu behandelnden transgenen (gentechnologisch erhaltenen) Pflanzen bzw. Pflanzensorten gehören alle Pflanzen, die durch die gentechnologische Modifikation genetisches Material erhielten, welches diesen Pflanzen besondere vorteilhafte wertvolle Eigenschaften ("Traits") verleiht. Beispiele für solche Eigenschaften sind besseres Pflanzenwachstum, erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber hohen oder niedrigen Temperaturen, erhöhte Toleranz gegen Trockenheit oder gegen Wasser- bzw. Bodensalzgehalt, erhöhte Blühleistung, erleichterte Ernte, Beschleunigung der Reife, höhere Ernteerträge, höhere Qualität und/oder höherer Ernährungswert der Ernteprodukte, höhere Lagerfähigkeit und/oder Bearbeitbarkeit der Ernteprodukte. Weitere und besonders hervorgehobene Beispiele für solche Eigenschaften sind eine erhöhte Abwehr der Pflanzen gegen tierische und mikrobielle Schädlinge, wie gegenüber Insekten, Milben, pflanzenpathogenen Pilzen, Bakterien und/oder Viren sowie eine erhöhte Toleranz der Pflanzen gegen bestimmte herbizide Wirkstoffe. Als Beispiele transgener Pflanzen werden die wichtigen Kulturpflanzen, wie Getreide (Weizen, Reis), Mais, Soja, Kartoffel, Zucker- rüben, Tomaten, Erbsen und andere Gemüsesorten, Baumwolle, Tabak, Raps, sowie Obstpflanzen (mit den Früchten Äpfel, Birnen, Zitrusfrüchten und Weintrauben) erwähnt, wobei Mais, Soja, Kartoffel, Baumwolle, Tabak und Raps besonders hervorgehoben werden. Als Eigenschaften ("Traits") werden besonders hervorgehoben die erhöhte Abwehr der Pflanzen gegen Insekten, Spinnentiere, Nematoden und Schnecken durch in den Pflanzen entstehende Toxine, insbesondere solche, die durch das genetische Material aus Bacillus Thuringiensis (z.B. durch die Gene CrylA(a), CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CryllA, CrylllA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb und Cr lF sowie deren Kombinationen) in den Pflanzen erzeugt werden (im folgenden "Bt Pflanzen"). Als Eigenschaften ("Traits") werden auch besonders hervorgehoben die erhöhte Abwehr von Pflanzen gegen Pilze, Bakterien und Viren durch Systemische Akquirierte Resistenz (SAR), Systemin, Phytoalexine, Elicitoren sowie Resistenzgene und entsprechend exprimierte Proteine und Toxine.The preferred plants or plant varieties to be treated according to the invention to be treated include all plants which, as a result of the genetic engineering modification, obtained genetic material which gives these plants particularly advantageous valuable properties ("traits"). Examples of such properties are better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to dryness or to bottoms salt, increased flowering, easier harvesting, acceleration of ripeness, higher crop yields, higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested products , higher shelf life and / or workability of the harvested products. Further and particularly emphasized examples of such properties are an increased defense of the plants against animal and microbial pests, as against insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and / or viruses as well as an increased tolerance of the plants against certain herbicidal active substances. Examples of transgenic plants are the important crops, such as cereals (wheat, rice), maize, soya, potatoes, sugar beets, tomatoes, peas and other vegetables, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape, and fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, Citrus fruits and grapes), with special emphasis on maize, soya, potato, cotton, tobacco and oilseed rape. Traits which are particularly emphasized are the increased defense of the plants against insects, arachnids, nematodes and snails by toxins produced in the plants, in particular those produced by the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis (eg by the genes CrylA (a) , CrylA (b), CrylA (c), CryllA, CrylllA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and Cr lF and combinations thereof) in the plants (hereinafter "Bt plants"). Traits also highlight the increased resistance of plants to fungi, bacteria and viruses by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins.
Als Eigenschaften ("Traits") werden weiterhin besonders hervorgehoben die erhöhte Toleranz der Pflanzen gegenüber bestimmten herbiziden Wirkstoffen, beispielsweise Imidazolinonen, Sulfonylharnstoffen, Glyphosate oder Phosphinotricin (z.B. "PAT"-Gen). Die jeweils die gewünschten Eigenschaften ("Traits") verleihenden Gene können auch in Kombinationen miteinander in den transgenen Pflanzen vorkommen. Die Wirkstoffe können in die üblichen Formulierungen überführt werden, wie Lösungen, Emulsionen, Spritzpulver, wasser- und ölbasierte Suspensionen, Pulver, Stäubemittel, Pasten, lösliche Pulver, lösliche Granulate, Streugranulate, Suspensions-Emulsions-Konzentrate, Wirkstoff- imprägnierte Naturstoffe, Wirkstoff-imprägnierte synthetische Stoffe, Düngemittel sowie Feinst- verkapselungen in polymeren Stoffen. Traits which are furthermore particularly emphasized are the increased tolerance of the plants to certain herbicidally active compounds, for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinotricin (eg "PAT" gene). The genes which confer the desired properties ("traits") can also occur in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants. The active compounds can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, scattering granules, suspension-emulsion concentrates, active substance-impregnated natural substances, active substance impregnated synthetic materials, fertilizers and micro-encapsulants in polymeric materials.
Diese Formulierungen werden in bekannter Weise hergestellt, z.B. durch Vermischen der Wirkstoffe mit Streckmitteln, also flüssigen Lösungsmitteln und/oder festen Trägerstoffen, gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung von oberflächenaktiven Mitteln, also Emulgiermitteln und/oder Dispergiermitteln und/oder schaumerzeugenden Mitteln. Die Herstellung der Formulierungen erfolgt entweder in geeigneten Anlagen oder auch vor oder während der Anwendung. These formulations are prepared in a known manner, e.g. by mixing the active compounds with extenders, ie liquid solvents and / or solid carriers, if appropriate using surface-active agents, ie emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or foam-forming agents. The preparation of the formulations is carried out either in suitable systems or before or during use.
Als Hilfsstoffe können solche Stoffe Verwendung finden, die geeignet sind, dem Mittel selbst oder und/oder davon abgeleitete Zubereitungen (z.B. Spritzbrühen, Saatgutbeizen) besondere Eigenschaften zu verleihen, wie bestimmte technische Eigenschaften und/oder auch besondere biologische Eigenschaften. Als typische Hilfsmittel kommen in Frage: Streckmittel, Lösemittel und Trägerstoffe. Excipients which can be used are those which are suitable for imparting special properties to the composition itself and / or preparations derived therefrom (for example spray liquor, seed dressing), such as certain technical properties and / or specific biological properties. Typical auxiliaries are: extenders, solvents and carriers.
Als Streckmittel eignen sich z.B. Wasser, polare und unpolare organische chemische Flüssigkeiten z.B. aus den Klassen der aromatischen und nicht-aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe (wie Paraffine, Alkylbenzole, Alkylnaphthaline, Chlorbenzole), der Alkohole und Polyole (die ggf. auch substituiert, verethert und/oder verestert sein können), der Ketone (wie Aceton, Cyclohexanon), Ester (auch Fette und Öle) und (poly-)Ether, der einfachen und substituierten Amine, Amide, Lactame (wie N-Alkylpyrrolidone) und Lactone, der Sulfone und Sulfoxide (wie Dimethylsysulfoxid). As extender, e.g. Water, polar and non-polar organic chemical liquids e.g. from the classes of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), alcohols and polyols (which may also be substituted, etherified and / or esterified), ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), Esters (including fats and oils) and (poly) ethers, simple and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide).
Im Falle der Benutzung von Wasser als Streckmittel können z.B. auch organische Lösemittel als Hilfslösungsmittel verwendet werden. Als flüssige Lösemittel kommen im wesentlichen in Frage: Aromaten, wie Xylol, Toluol, oder Alkylnaphthaline, chlorierte Aromaten und chlorierte aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Chlorbenzole, Chlorethylene oder Methylenchlorid, aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Cyclohexan oder Paraffine, z.B. Erdölfraktionen, mineralische und pflanzliche Öle, Alkohole, wie Butanol oder Glykol sowie deren Ether und Ester, Ketone wie Aceton, Methylethylketon, Methylisobutylketon oder Cyclohexanon, stark polare Lösungsmittel, wie Dimethylsulfoxid, sowie Wasser. In the case of using water as an extender, e.g. also organic solvents can be used as auxiliary solvent. Suitable liquid solvents are essentially: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene, or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, e.g. Petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and water.
Als feste Trägerstoffe kommen in Frage: z.B. Ammoniumsalze und natürliche Gesteinsmehle, wie Kaoline, Tonerden, Talkum, Kreide, Quarz, Attapulgit, Montmorillonit oder Diatomeenerde und synthetische Gesteinsmehle, wie hochdisperse Kieselsäure, Aluminiumoxid und Silikate, als feste Trägerstoffe für Granulate kommen in Frage: z.B. gebrochene und fraktionierte natürliche Gesteine wie Calcit, Marmor, Bims, Sepiolith, Dolomit sowie synthetische Granulate aus anorganischen und organischen Mehlen sowie Granulate aus organischem Material wie Papier, Sägemehl, Kokosnußschalen, Maiskolben und Tabakstengeln; als Emulgier- und/oder schaumerzeugende Mittel kommen in Frage: z.B. nichtionogene und anionische Emulgatoren, wie Polyoxyethylen-Fettsäure-Ester, Polyoxyethylen- Fettalkohol-Ether, z.B. Alkylaryl-polyglykolether, Alkylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate, Arylsulfonate sowie Eiweißhydrolysate; als Dispergiermittel kommen in Frage nicht-ionische und/oder ionische Stoffe, z.B. aus den Klassen der Alkohol-POE- und/oder POP-Ether, Säure- und/oder POP- POE- Ester, Alkyl-Aryl- und/oder POP- POE-Ether, Fett- und/oder POP- POE-Addukte, POE- und/oder POP-Polyol Derivate, POE- und/oder POP-Sorbitan- oder-Zucker-Addukte, Alkyl- oder Aryl- Sulfate, Sulfonate und Phosphate oder die entsprechenden PO-Ether-Addukte. Ferner geeignete Oligo- oder Polymere, z.B. ausgehend von vinylischen Monomeren, von Acrylsäure, aus EO und/oder PO allein oder in Verbindung mit z.B. (poly-) Alkoholen oder (poly-) Aminen. Ferner können Einsatz finden Lignin und seine Sulfonsäure-Derivate, einfache und modifizierteSuitable solid carriers are: for example, ammonium salts and ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as highly disperse silica, alumina and silicates, as solid carriers for granules are: for example, broken and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, Coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks; suitable emulsifiers and / or foam formers are: for example nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, arylsulfonates and protein hydrolysates; Suitable dispersants are nonionic and / or ionic substances, for example from the classes of alcohol POE and / or POP ethers, acid and / or POPPOE esters, alkyl aryl and / or POP esters. POE ethers, fatty and / or POP-POE adducts, POE and / or POP polyol derivatives, POE and / or POP sorbitan or sugar adducts, alkyl or aryl sulfates, sulfonates and phosphates or the corresponding PO-ether adducts. Further suitable oligo- or polymers, for example starting from vinylic monomers, from acrylic acid, from EO and / or PO alone or in combination with, for example, (poly) alcohols or (poly) amines. Furthermore, find use lignin and its sulfonic acid derivatives, simple and modified
Cellulosen, aromatische und/oder aliphatische Sulfonsäuren sowie deren Addukte mit Formaldehyd. Celluloses, aromatic and / or aliphatic sulfonic acids and their adducts with formaldehyde.
Es können in den Formulierungen Haftmittel wie Carboxymethylcellulose, natürliche und synthetische pulvrige, körnige oder latexförmige Polymere verwendet werden, wie Gummi- arabicum, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylacetat, sowie natürliche Phospholipide, wie Kephaline und Lecithine und synthetische Phospholipide. Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, granular or latex-type polymers such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids may be used in the formulations.
Es können Farbstoffe wie anorganische Pigmente, z.B. Eisenoxid, Titanoxid, Ferrocyanblau und organische Farbstoffe, wie Alizarin-, Azo- und Metallphthalocyaninfarbstoffe und Spurennährstoffe wie Salze von Eisen, Mangan, Bor, Kupfer, Kobalt, Molybdän und Zink verwendet werden. Dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
Weitere Additive können Duftstoffe, mineralische oder vegetabile gegebenenfalls modifizierte Öle, Wachse und Nährstoffe (auch Spurennährstoffe), wie Salze von Eisen, Mangan, Bor, Kupfer, Kobalt, Molybdän und Zink sein. Other additives may be fragrances, mineral or vegetable optionally modified oils, waxes and nutrients (also trace nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
Weiterhin enthalten sein können Stabilisatoren wie Kältestabilisatoren, Konservierungsmittel, Oxidationsschutzmittel, Lichtschutzmittel oder andere die chemische und / oder physikalische Stabilität verbessernde Mittel. Stabilizers such as cold stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers or other chemical and / or physical stability-improving agents may also be present.
Die Formulierungen enthalten im allgemeinen zwischen 0,01 und 98 Gew.-% Wirkstoff, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 90 %. Die Wirkstoffe können in handelsüblichen Formulierungen sowie in den aus diesen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen in Mischung mit anderen Wirkstoffen wie Insektiziden, Lockstoffen, Sterilantien, Bakteriziden, Akariziden, Nematiziden, Fungiziden, wachstumsregulierenden Stoffen, Herbiziden, Safenern, Düngemitteln oder Semiochemicals vorliegen. The formulations generally contain between 0.01 and 98% by weight of active ingredient, preferably between 0.5 and 90%. The active compounds may be present in commercial formulations as well as in the formulations prepared from these formulations in admixture with other active ingredients such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, safeners, fertilizers or semiochemicals.
Der Wirkstoffgehalt der aus den handelsüblichen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen kann in weiten Bereichen variieren. Die Wirkstoffkonzentration der Anwendungsformen kann von 0,0000001 bis zu 95 Gew.-% Wirkstoff, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,0001 und 1 Gew.-% liegen. The active substance content of the application forms prepared from the commercial formulations can vary within wide ranges. The active ingredient concentration of the use forms may be from 0.0000001 to 95% by weight of active ingredient, preferably between 0.0001 and 1% by weight.
Die Anwendung geschieht in einer den Anwendungsformen angepassten üblichen Weise. The application is done in a custom forms adapted to the application forms.
Die gute bakterizide Wirkung der Wirkstoffe geht aus den nachfolgenden Beispielen hervor. The good bactericidal action of the active ingredients is evident from the examples below.
Anwendungsbeispiele applications
Beispiel 1 example 1
Zitrus-Baumschulpflanzen werden künstlich mit HLB inokuliert (durch Okulieren mit HLB- infiziertem Material), um eine gleichmäßige Infektionsrate bei allen Bäumen zu gewährleisten. In diesem Versuch wird die Wirksamkeit der angewandten Produkte auf die HLB-infizierten Baumschulpflanzen bestimmt. Citrus nursery plants are artificially inoculated with HLB (by grafting with HLB-infected material) to ensure a uniform rate of infection in all trees. In this experiment, the effectiveness of the applied products on the HLB-infected nursery plants is determined.
Fünfzig Baumschulpflanzen der Sorte Midnight Valencia werden auf eine Trifoliata-Hybrid- Unterlage okuliert. Die Bäume werden in 5€-Gefäße in Topferdemischung (begaste Mutterboden- Rinden-Mischung) umgesetzt. Anschließend werden die Bäume mit HLB-infizierten Edelreisern (mindestens zwei Edelreiser pro Pflanze) gepfropft. Die Varianten werden in Form einer randomisierten Blockanlage mit 10 Wiederholungen aufgestellt. Über die gesamte Dauer des Versuchs werden die praxisüblichen Bewässerungs-, Düngungs- und Insektenbekämpfungsmaßnahmen durchgeführt. Fifty Midnight Valencia nursery plants are being fished on a Trifoliata hybrid pad. The trees are transformed into 5 € containers in potter mixture (fumigated topsoil-bark mix). Subsequently, the trees are grafted with HLB-infected noble vines (at least two spikes per plant). The variants are set up in the form of a randomized block system with 10 repetitions. Over the entire duration of the experiment, the customary irrigation, fertilizer and insect control measures are carried out.
Die Produkte werden unmittelbar nachdem die HLB-Infektion der Bäume mittels PCR-Analyse bestimmt wurde und der gesamte Neuzuwachs sich im Test als HLB-positiv erwies, mit einer Rückenspritze als Blattapplikation bis zum beginnenden Abtropen ausgebracht. The products are applied immediately after the HLB infection of the trees has been determined by PCR analysis and the total new growth in the test proved to be HLB-positive, with a spinal syringe as foliar application until incipient Abtropen.
Eine infiziert unbehandelte Kontrolle wird gegen eine mit Movento* SC 240 (Aufwandmenge 20 ml + 300 ml/1001 Wasser; Blattapplikation) behandelte Kontrolle verglichen. An infected untreated control is compared to a control treated with Movento * SC 240 (application rate 20 ml + 300 ml / 1001 water; foliar application).
* Spirotetramat (Verbindung der Formel (1-2)) * Spirotetramate (compound of formula (1-2))
Es werden die folgenden Parameter ausgewertet: The following parameters are evaluated:
• Visuelle Auswertung der Blätter - fleckenartige Sprenkelung, gelbe Blattadern oder sonstige Mangelsymptome, gelbe Sprosse.  • Visual evaluation of the leaves - spotty mottling, yellow leaf veins or other deficiency symptoms, yellow shoots.
• Sproßlänge im Abstand von zwei Wochen.  • Sprout length every two weeks.
• Stammumfang einmal pro Monat (erste Werteerhebung vor dem Okulieren).  • Trunk circumference once a month (first value survey before being printed).
• Erste PCR-Analyse (um zu gewährleisten, daß das gesamte Okuliermaterial positiv ist). • First PCR analysis (to make sure that the whole ocular material is positive).
• Zweite PCR-Analyse (Blattentnahme, 3 Monate nach dem Okulieren zur Bestimmung des Zustands der Bäume nach dem Pfropfen). • Second PCR analysis (leaf removal, 3 months after grafting to determine the state of the trees after grafting).
• Dritte PCR-Analyse (Blattentnahme, 6 Monate nach der Ausbringung der Chemikalien, um den Behandlungseffekt zu bestimmen).  • Third PCR analysis (leaf removal, 6 months after the application of the chemicals to determine the effect of the treatment).
• Abschließende PCR-Analyse (Blattentnahme, 12 Monate nach Durchführung der Behandlungen; dies gibt die abschließende Wirkung der ausgebrachten Produkte auf die Krankheit an und auch, ob eine einzige Behandlung ausreichend für die Bekämpfung von HLB ist).  • Final PCR analysis (leaf removal, 12 months after treatment has been performed, indicating the final effect of the applied products on the disease and also whether a single treatment is sufficient to combat HLB).
• Abschließende Datenanalyse/Erhebung und Abschluß des Versuchs (12 Monate nach der Ausbringung der Produkte): Oberirdische Gesamtsproßmasse, Feuchtwurzelmasse und Trockenwurze lmasse . • Final data analysis / survey and completion of the trial (12 months after the trial) Application of the products): above-ground aggregate mass, moist root mass and dry-wort mass.
Die Feinwurzeln werden nach dem folgenden vorgeschlagenen Boniturschema visuell ausgewertet: The fine roots are visually evaluated according to the following proposed rating scheme:
■ 0 - Gesunde Wurzeln. ■ 0 - Healthy roots.
■ 1 - Hemmung des Feinwurzelwachstums (50%). ■ 1 - Inhibition of fine root growth (50%).
■ 2 - Massive Hemmung der Feinwurzeln (> 70%). ■ 2 - Massive inhibition of fine roots (> 70%).

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verwendung von Verbindungen der Formeln (I- 1 ) oder (1-2)  1. Use of compounds of the formulas (I-1) or (1-2)
(1-1 ) (I-2)  (1-1) (I-2)
zur Bekämpfung von Bakterien. to fight bacteria.
Verwendung von Verbindungen der Formeln (1- 1 ) oder (1-2) gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Bekämpfung von Candidatus-Liberibacter-Arten als Erreger von HLB-Bakteriosen. Use of compounds of the formulas (1-1) or (1-2) according to Claim 1 for combating Candidatus Liberibacter species as pathogens of HLB bacterioses.
Verwendung von Verbindungen der Formeln (I- l ) oder (1-2) gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Bekämpfung von Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus spp. Capensis. Use of compounds of the formulas (I-1) or (1-2) according to claim 1 for combating Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus spp. Capensis.
Verwendung von Verbindungen der Formeln (I-l ) oder (1-2) gemäß Anspruch 1 in Zitrus. Use of compounds of the formulas (I-1) or (1-2) according to claim 1 in citrus.
EP10771639A 2009-09-09 2010-08-28 Use of cyclic keto-enols for combating plant pathogenic bacteria Withdrawn EP2475255A2 (en)

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WO2011029536A3 (en) 2011-10-13
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US20110071205A1 (en) 2011-03-24
MX2012002299A (en) 2012-03-29
ZA201202514B (en) 2013-09-25
KR20120099396A (en) 2012-09-10

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