EP2474805A1 - Diffusor, insbesondere für einen Wärmetauscher - Google Patents

Diffusor, insbesondere für einen Wärmetauscher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2474805A1
EP2474805A1 EP11461504A EP11461504A EP2474805A1 EP 2474805 A1 EP2474805 A1 EP 2474805A1 EP 11461504 A EP11461504 A EP 11461504A EP 11461504 A EP11461504 A EP 11461504A EP 2474805 A1 EP2474805 A1 EP 2474805A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
header cover
heat exchanger
deflectors
vault
header
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11461504A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2474805B1 (de
Inventor
Adam Sontag
Jerzy Kotarba
Andrzej Niesulowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Autosystemy Sp zoo
Original Assignee
Valeo Autosystemy Sp zoo
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Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Autosystemy Sp zoo filed Critical Valeo Autosystemy Sp zoo
Priority to EP11461504.0A priority Critical patent/EP2474805B1/de
Publication of EP2474805A1 publication Critical patent/EP2474805A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2474805B1 publication Critical patent/EP2474805B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0265—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box
    • F28F9/0268—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using guiding means or impingement means inside the header box in the form of multiple deflectors for channeling the heat exchange medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F2009/0285—Other particular headers or end plates
    • F28F2009/029—Other particular headers or end plates with increasing or decreasing cross-section, e.g. having conical shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers

Definitions

  • the invention deals with heat exchangers, in particular header covers of heat exchangers.
  • the invention finds an advantageous application in heat exchanger systems for automotive vehicles, more particularly in cooling radiators for coolant fluid with high-speed flow, for example around 15000 I/h.
  • Existing heat exchangers for automotive vehicles comprise a heat exchanger core that is formed using a plurality of tubes laid out in parallel on one or several rows. These tubes allow a coolant fluid, such as e.g. water added with glycol in the case of engine cooling radiators, to flow or circulate across the heat exchanger. Coolant fluid, by cooling elements of the engine, warms up and must be cooled in its turn. It is the role of the radiator to provide this function. For this purpose, water to be cooled is put in circulation in the tubes of the radiator and cools by heat exchange with fresh air, heat exchange being realized via elements of heat transfer laid out between the tubes.
  • a coolant fluid such as e.g. water added with glycol in the case of engine cooling radiators
  • the elements of heat transfer are parallel fins crossed, in holes performed in the fins, by the tubes of circulation of fluid.
  • the whole is maintained altogether mechanically by means of a tool introduced inside the tubes so as to deform the walls of the tubes and to apply them to force against the holes bored in the fins.
  • fins placed between the tubes Another technology of assembly is the brazing of the tubes and elements of heat transfer called fins placed between the tubes.
  • these fins are shaped in the form of an undulated surface, the fins being brazed on the tubes at the tops of the undulations.
  • the invention applies as well to heat exchanger cores with mechanical assembly as with heat exchanger cores with assembly by brazing.
  • the coolant is introduced into the tubes of circulation of the heat exchanger core via a distribution header placed at the entry of the beam of tubes and provided with a pipe or nozzle of arrival of the fluid.
  • a header of the same type is installed on the outlet side of the exchanger to collect the fluid after circulation in the tubes and evacuate it through an outlet piping nozzle.
  • the header also called manifold or "radiator tank” or “water tank”, consists of two parts, namely a header cover for collecting of fluid, and a collecting element called header plate.
  • the header plate is an element in contact with the heat exchanger core.
  • the header plate carries openings or slits intended to receive the end of the tubes emerging in the distribution header.
  • a joint or gasket ensuring the sealing between the header and the heat exchanger core is laid out on the heater plate.
  • the ends of the tubes exceed inside the radiator tank, for example around 2 to approximately 3 mm for the heat exchanger core with mechanical assembly. It is slightly weaker for the brazed heat exchanger core.
  • the header cover forms a lid for the collecting element and defines a volume of fluid in circulation at the inlet as well as at the outlet side of the heat exchanger.
  • header covers present a U-shaped open vault, the header plate closing the U, for instance by crimping.
  • inlet nozzle or exit of the fluid emerges in the header cover through a wall or side of the vault.
  • the invention concerns a header cover of both input or output of fluid.
  • the fluid, inside the header cover generally reaches values which, at least locally, can lead to very high peaks, for example more than 8 m/s. It results that the flow in the header cover, such as it is carried out today, seriously affects the resistance of the exchanger.
  • the tubes whose ends stick out in the distribution header, in a central zone located in the vicinity of the outlet of the nozzle, present degradations in the forms of holes appearing by erosion of the wall of the tubes approximately 10 mm beneath the header plate, which generates a risk of leakage in the heat exchanger.
  • the formation of these holes is due to a flow peak of the fluid towards the interior of the tubes related to the reflection of the flow on the opposite wall of the vault.
  • Another type of degradation due to the circulation of fluid at high speeds may involve an erosion of the extremities of the tubes sticking out inside the header.
  • the flow becomes swirling with strong speed components parallel to the axis of the vault.
  • the degradations observed on the tubes in these zones concern especially the erosion and the deformation of the ends of the tubes, these two phenomena being likely to create an opening in the seal and thus to cause a leakage in the header.
  • An existing solution for these problems implies using two opposed deflectors, whose edges lay out on an axis parallel to the axis of circulation of the fluid in the heat exchanger core.
  • a drawback of such a solution is that the size of these deflectors may create significant pressure drops when the coolant runs at high speed in the header.
  • Another drawback is that the coolant is only split between two directions, namely left and right when hitting the deflector, which may cause an incorrect repartition of the coolant among the tubes of the heat exchanger core.
  • Another drawback of such a solution is that it may not be suitable for deflecting fluid toward the nozzle in the outlet of the heat exchanger.
  • the invention proposes a header cover, in particular for heat exchangers of automotive vehicles, comprising a vault and a fluid input and/or output nozzle opening out into the header cover through a side of said vault.
  • the header cover is configured for conveying a fluid to or from a plurality of tubes of circulation of a heat exchanger core.
  • the vault of the header cover is configured to open out on the heat exchanger core.
  • the header cover comprises a plurality of deflectors superimposed on one side of the vault, opposite to the opening of the nozzle, in an axis defining an angle, especially a right-angle, with a plane defined by an opening of the vault on the heat exchanger core.
  • an angle we mean in a direction which is not parallel to the plane defined by the opening of the vault on the heat exchanger core.
  • the plurality of deflectors comprises ribs or blades. Ribs and blades increase the spreading of the fluid among the tubes of the heat exchanger core.
  • the deflectors of the plurality of deflectors are laid out in parallel. This makes the distribution of fluid uniform between the deflectors.
  • the deflectors of the plurality of deflectors are bent down, relatively to the plane defined by the opening of the vault on the heat exchanger core, toward the heat exchanger core.
  • the deflectors of the plurality of deflectors are bent up, relatively to the plane defined by the opening of the vault on the heat exchanger core, toward the nozzle.
  • the deflectors of the plurality of deflectors are straight, in a plane parallel to the plane defined by the opening of the vault on the heat exchanger core. This allows in particular the header cover to be used both as an input and an output header cover.
  • the vault has a half-pipe shape. Such a shape helps driving the flow of fluid through the header cover.
  • the nozzle is located in the middle of a side of the vault along its longitudinal axis. This allows a uniform distribution of the fluid between tubes located on both sides of the nozzle. Alternatively, it can be located close to a longitudinal end of the header cover.
  • the vault of the header cover further comprises a rounded hump, higher than the apex of the vault, said rounded hump comprising two opposite sides and defining a volume at the location of the nozzle, wherein the deflectors of the plurality of deflectors spread between said opposite sides of the rounded hump.
  • the invention also concerns a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a header cover as described here above.
  • the heat exchanger further comprises a header plate configured for receiving a heat exchanger core and a header cover as described here above.
  • the header plate allows, on one side, receiving the tubes of the heat exchanger core and, on the other side, receiving the header cover.
  • the header plate comprises slits for receiving the tubes of circulation of fluid, respectively from and to the header cover, of the heat exchanger core.
  • the slits allow the tubes to be strongly inserted in the header plate and thereafter fixed in regard to the header cover.
  • the header plate further comprises a groove, configured for receiving the header cover, and a gasket at the junction between the groove and the header cover for making the junction waterproof.
  • the groove allows the header cover to be well positioned on the header plate.
  • the gasket renders the junction between the groove of the header plate and the header cover waterproof.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a first header cover as described here above and a second header cover as described here above.
  • the first header cover is configured for acting as an input header cover for inputting a fluid into the heat exchanger.
  • the deflectors of the plurality of deflectors of the first header cover are oriented toward the heat exchanger core.
  • the second header cover is configured for acting as an output header cover for outputting a fluid out of the heat exchanger.
  • the deflectors of the plurality of deflectors of the second header cover are oriented toward the heat exchanger core.
  • the heat exchanger is a down-flow heat exchanger.
  • the deflectors of the plurality of deflectors of the first header cover are oriented downwards toward the heat exchanger core.
  • the deflectors of the plurality of deflectors of the second header cover are oriented upwards toward the heat exchanger core.
  • the heat exchanger is a cross-flow heat exchanger.
  • Figures 1 to 8 show a header cover 10, comprising a vault 11 and a fluid input and/or output nozzle 13 opening out into the header cover 10 through a side 12 of said vault 11.
  • the header cover 10 is configured for conveying a fluid 5 to or from a plurality of tubes 32 of circulation of a heat exchanger core 30.
  • the vault 11 of the header cover 10 opens out on the heat exchanger core 30.
  • the vault 11 has a half-pipe shape.
  • the nozzle 13 is located in the middle of a side 12 of the vault 11.
  • the header cover 10 comprises a plurality of deflectors 15 superimposed on one side of the vault 11, said side being opposite to the opening of the nozzle.
  • the vault 11 of the header cover 10 comprises a rounded hump 16, higher than the apex of the vault 11.
  • the rounded hump 16 comprises two opposite sides 16a and 16b and defines a volume 19 at the location of the nozzle 13.
  • the plurality of deflectors 15 spread between said opposite sides 16a, 16b of the rounded hump 16.
  • the plurality of deflectors 15 are superimposed in an axis 17, which is orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the plane 18 defined by the opening of the vault 11 on the heat exchanger core 30.
  • the deflectors 15 are parallel or substantially parallel to the plane 18 defined by the opening of the vault 11 on the heat exchanger core 30.
  • Figures 1 to 3 describe three different types and orientations of deflectors 15 in regard to the plane 18 defined by the opening of the vault 11 on the heat exchanger core 30.
  • the plurality of deflectors 15 comprises ribs or blades of different sorts and orientation, relatively to the plane 18 defined by the opening of the vault 11 on the heat exchanger core 30.
  • the deflectors of the plurality of deflectors are laid out in parallel. This is in no way limiting of the scope of the present invention, as the deflectors 15 could also be V-shaped and/or inverted V-shaped, disposed in multiple configurations, e.g. mixed, parallel or not etc...
  • the deflectors 15 of the plurality of deflectors are blades which are bent down, relatively to the plane 18 defined by the opening of the vault 11 on the heat exchanger core 30, toward the heat exchanger core 30.
  • the deflectors 15 of the plurality of deflectors are ribs which are bent up, relatively to the plane 18 defined by the opening of the vault 11 on the heat exchanger core 30, toward the nozzle 13.
  • the deflectors 15 of the plurality of deflectors are straight, in a plane parallel to the plane 18 defined by the opening of the vault 11 on the heat exchanger core 30.
  • Figure 4 describes a sectional view of a header cover 10 in a vertical plane, said vertical plane comprising the longitudinal axis of the nozzle 13.
  • the fluid 5 enters or leaves the header cover 10 by the nozzle 13, which opens out into the header cover 10 through the side 12 of the vault 11.
  • the rounded hump 16 defines the volume 19 inside the header cover 10 between the opening of the nozzle 13 into the header cover 10 and the opposite side 14 of the vault 11 (i.e. also of the header cover 10).
  • the deflectors 15 are located on the side 14 opposite to the nozzle 13. Said nozzle 13 is located at the apex of the rounded hump 16.
  • the thickness of the deflectors 15, at their distal edge, is somehow equal to the thickness of the header cover 10 in the location where no deflectors 15 and/or stiffening ribs or equivalent are provided.
  • the thickness of the deflectors 15, at their proximal edge, is smaller than the thickness of the header cover 10 in the location where no deflectors 15 and/or stiffening ribs or equivalent are provided, for instance between 25% and 75% of the thickness thereof.
  • the deflectors 15 are made in one piece with the vault 11. They have a sectional triangular shape.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 describe a heat exchanger 40 comprising a first header cover 10a, as described here above, and a second header cover 10b, also as described here above.
  • the first header cover 10a is configured for acting as an input header cover for inputting a fluid 5 into the heat exchanger 40.
  • the deflectors of a first plurality of deflectors 15a, not shown, of the first header cover 10a, are oriented toward the heat exchanger core 30.
  • the second header cover 10b is configured for acting as an output header cover for outputting the fluid 5 out of the heat exchanger 40.
  • the deflectors of a second plurality of deflectors 15b, not shown, of the second header cover 10b, are oriented toward the heat exchanger core 30.
  • the heat exchanger (40) is a down-flow heat exchanger. Such a heat exchanger is commonly used in automotive vehicles.
  • the fluid 5 enters into the heat exchanger in the nozzle 13 of the first header cover 10a, at the top of the heat exchanger 40 and leaves the heat exchanger by the nozzle 13 of the second header cover 10b, at the bottom of the heat exchanger 40.
  • the first plurality of deflectors 15a, of the first header cover 10a are oriented downwards toward the heat exchanger core 30 so that, when the fluid 5 enters into the heat exchanger 40 by the nozzle 13 of the first header cover 10a, the fluid 5 is distributed by the first plurality of deflectors 15a among the plurality of tubes 32 of the heat exchanger core 30.
  • the plurality of deflectors 15b of the second header cover 10b are oriented upwards toward nozzle 13 of the second header cover 10b so that, when the fluid 5 leaves the plurality of tubes 32 of the heat exchanger core 30, the fluid 5 is deviated by the second plurality of deflectors 15b toward the nozzle 13 of the second header cover 10b.
  • the header cover 10 comprises fixing means 8 for attaching or fixing the header cover 10, and therefore the heat exchanger 40 to another apparatus such as for instance parts of an automotive vehicle body in white.
  • Figures 7 and 8 describe a sectional view of a heat exchanger comprising a header cover as described here above.
  • the deflectors 15 are superimposed substantially in an axis of the tubes 32 of circulation of the heat exchanger core 30.
  • the heat exchanger 40 comprises a header plate 20 configured for receiving a heat exchanger core 30 and a header cover 10 as described here above.
  • the header plate comprises slits 22 for receiving the tubes 32 of circulation of fluid 5, respectively from and to the header cover 10, of the heat exchanger core 30.
  • the header plate 20 further comprises a groove 24.
  • the groove 24 is configured for receiving the header cover 10, and a gasket 26 at the junction between the groove 24 and the header cover 10 for making the junction waterproof.
  • the deflectors 15 of the plurality of deflectors are bent down, relatively to a plane parallel to the plane 18 defined by the opening of the vault 11 on the heat exchanger core 30.
  • the deflectors 15 of the plurality of deflectors are ribs which are bent up, relatively to the plane 18 defined by the opening of the vault 11 on the heat exchanger core 30, toward the nozzle 13.
  • the header plate 20 is made of metal, for instance, of aluminium and/or aluminium alloys, and/or the header cover is made of plastic material.
  • the header cover 10 is crimped on the header plate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP11461504.0A 2011-01-10 2011-01-10 Diffusor, insbesondere für einen Wärmetauscher Active EP2474805B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11461504.0A EP2474805B1 (de) 2011-01-10 2011-01-10 Diffusor, insbesondere für einen Wärmetauscher

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11461504.0A EP2474805B1 (de) 2011-01-10 2011-01-10 Diffusor, insbesondere für einen Wärmetauscher

Publications (2)

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EP2474805A1 true EP2474805A1 (de) 2012-07-11
EP2474805B1 EP2474805B1 (de) 2019-06-26

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EP11461504.0A Active EP2474805B1 (de) 2011-01-10 2011-01-10 Diffusor, insbesondere für einen Wärmetauscher

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9416721B2 (en) 2014-06-23 2016-08-16 Denso International America, Inc. Charge air cooler water protection

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4693084A (en) * 1986-07-25 1987-09-15 General Motors Corporation Charge cooler angle duct
EP0864839A2 (de) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-16 Behr GmbH & Co. Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere Ladeluftkühler, für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE19719250A1 (de) * 1997-05-07 1998-11-12 Valeo Klimatech Gmbh & Co Kg Verteiler eines Verdampfers für Kraftfahrzeuge
JP2006118425A (ja) * 2004-10-21 2006-05-11 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd Ｅｇｒガス冷却装置用ボンネット
FR2910120A1 (fr) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-20 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Boite a eau pour echangeur de chaleur et echangeur de chaleur comportant une telle boite a eau
DE102008006474A1 (de) * 2008-01-29 2009-07-30 Modine Manufacturing Co., Racine Wärmetauscher
EP2256450A2 (de) * 2009-05-28 2010-12-01 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Wärmeübertrager

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4693084A (en) * 1986-07-25 1987-09-15 General Motors Corporation Charge cooler angle duct
EP0864839A2 (de) * 1997-03-11 1998-09-16 Behr GmbH & Co. Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere Ladeluftkühler, für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE19719250A1 (de) * 1997-05-07 1998-11-12 Valeo Klimatech Gmbh & Co Kg Verteiler eines Verdampfers für Kraftfahrzeuge
JP2006118425A (ja) * 2004-10-21 2006-05-11 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd Ｅｇｒガス冷却装置用ボンネット
FR2910120A1 (fr) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-20 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Boite a eau pour echangeur de chaleur et echangeur de chaleur comportant une telle boite a eau
DE102008006474A1 (de) * 2008-01-29 2009-07-30 Modine Manufacturing Co., Racine Wärmetauscher
EP2256450A2 (de) * 2009-05-28 2010-12-01 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Wärmeübertrager

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9416721B2 (en) 2014-06-23 2016-08-16 Denso International America, Inc. Charge air cooler water protection

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