EP2474206B1 - Cosinus (phi) - korrektur bei strom- oder leistungsgeregelten betriebsgeräten für leuchtmittel - Google Patents

Cosinus (phi) - korrektur bei strom- oder leistungsgeregelten betriebsgeräten für leuchtmittel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2474206B1
EP2474206B1 EP10752764.0A EP10752764A EP2474206B1 EP 2474206 B1 EP2474206 B1 EP 2474206B1 EP 10752764 A EP10752764 A EP 10752764A EP 2474206 B1 EP2474206 B1 EP 2474206B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
lamp
lighting means
voltage
correction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10752764.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2474206A2 (de
Inventor
Christian Nesensohn
Andre Mitterbacher
Markus Mayrhofer
Horst Knödgen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tridonic GmbH and Co KG
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Tridonic GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2474206A2 publication Critical patent/EP2474206A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2474206B1 publication Critical patent/EP2474206B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/355—Power factor correction [PFC]; Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an operating device, such as an electronic ballast, for controlling the operating behavior, in particular the brightness, of lighting devices such as, for example, gas discharge lamps, LEDs or OLEDs.
  • an operating device such as an electronic ballast
  • a power or power control is performed. In this the current and the voltage are detected.
  • a corresponding circuit usually has a measuring shunt and a voltage divider.
  • the circuit for operating the gas discharge lamp has a resonance circuit.
  • the operating device usually has a clocked AC / DC converter such as a half or full bridge over which the frequency can be set variably. A dimming of the lamp can now be done by moving the U / I operating point on the resonance curve.
  • the operating device can have a control unit which regulates the frequency of the AC / DC converter, as well as upstream circuit units, such as a PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit.
  • PFC Power Factor Correction
  • parasitic capacitances may also be caused by other circuit elements such as wiring capacitances. Due to line capacitances, the case may occur that the capacitive current is greater than the active component of the current. Thus, in closed-loop control, ultimately, the current through the wiring, but not the actual current of interest through the lamp, is constantly controlled. In extreme cases, the lamp goes out, whereby the control circuit does not detect this and continues to regulate the capacitive current through the wiring.
  • line capacities can also play a negative role in the regulation of other operating devices, for example those for operating LEDs.
  • phase angle ⁇ phase angle between measured current and voltage. Therefore, in this case, a determination of the phase angle and thus the actual active power of particularly high importance.
  • the European patent EP 0 876 742 B1 provides a solution for this.
  • the patent shows a method for controlling the operating behavior at least a gas discharge lamp, which is operated in particular via an electronic ballast.
  • the regulation is dependent on a controlled variable (actual).
  • This controlled variable (actual) is based on the active component of the lamp current (IL), ie its real part, or a variable corresponding to the effective component.
  • IL active component of the lamp current
  • ie its real part is evaluated and in this way the influence of the capacitive current flowing across the parasitic line capacitance is eliminated.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and a dedicated operating device for controlling and / or detecting the operating state of bulbs such as gas discharge lamps, in which a phase shift occurring between measured lamp voltage and measured lamp current can be reliably compensated.
  • the invention relates to a method for the controlled AC operation of an operating device for lighting devices such as, for example, gas discharge lamps, LEDs or OLEDs.
  • an operating device for lighting devices such as, for example, gas discharge lamps, LEDs or OLEDs.
  • the time interval of significant points of the course of the current through the lighting means and the voltage across the lighting means for a cosine ( ⁇ ) correction of an actual value and / or a desired value of the control is used.
  • An unknown in the size and the operating condition eg, lamp temperature, specific tolerance d. Light source, dimming level, ...) dependent DC component of the voltage across the lamps and / or the DC component of the current through the lamps is determined and in the Cosine ( ⁇ ) correction taken into account.
  • the significant points may be the vertex or a zero crossing of the same sign of the slope of the course of the current through the lighting means and the voltage across the lighting means.
  • the time interval may be linked to the frequency of the AC operation to determine a correction factor. Such a link can be made via a multiplication.
  • This frequency can correspond to the frequency of a clocked DC / AC converter of the operating device and thus derived from this.
  • this frequency can be determined from the distance between two significant points of current and / or voltage at the lighting means.
  • the operation of the lighting device is power or current-controlled.
  • a frequency change and / or a PWM modulation can be used / used.
  • the temporal averaging or filtering in particular a time constant thereof, can be set depending on the operating state.
  • the Cos ( ⁇ ) correction is advantageously carried out depending on the operating state. For example, it can be activated or deactivated depending on the operating state.
  • the zero crossing of the course of the current through the lighting means is preferably detected by means of a component with a diode characteristic, wherein the amplitude of the current is preferably detected by a component with a resistance characteristic.
  • the invention also relates to a control unit. This has a circuit, in particular an integrated circuit such as a ⁇ C or an Asic. The circuit is designed to carry out a method as described above.
  • the invention relates to a control gear for the regulated operation of lamps.
  • the operating device has a drive circuit which supplies the lighting means with a permissible current.
  • it has a measuring shunt for measuring the current through the lighting means.
  • it includes a voltage divider for measuring the voltage across the lamps.
  • it has a control unit which controls the drive circuit by means of the measurement of the measuring shunt and of the voltage divider.
  • the operating device is designed so that it is suitable for carrying out the method described above.
  • the drive circuit may comprise a clocked DC / AC converter, such as a half or full bridge. It may also have a resonance circuit connected downstream of the DC / AC converter.
  • the drive circuit preferably operates the light sources with alternating current.
  • the drive circuit may be a circuit that is suitable for operating one or more LEDs and / or OLEDs. It may be a buck converter, boost converter, flyback converter or even another switching regulator such as a half or full bridge act.
  • the drive circuit is suitable for operating the one or more LEDs and / or OLEDs with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • FIG. 1 shows in a time chart the course of the lamp voltage U lamp and the lamp current I lamp .
  • the current leads the voltage.
  • This can be a capacitive Closing the company.
  • this may occur due to parasitic capacitances caused by the lamp cabling.
  • the capacitive operation has been caused by a resonant circuit. In this case, such a resonant circuit is used in particular in gas discharge lamps. In particular, when dimming the lamp via a change in frequency, such a capacitive operation can occur.
  • the lamp current leads the phase angle ⁇ of the lamp voltage.
  • the lamp current has a proportion parallel to the lamp voltage I R and a proportion I C orthogonal to the lamp voltage.
  • the proportion parallel to the lamp voltage represents the active component.
  • the active power can be calculated from this current and the lamp voltage.
  • the proportion of the lamp current orthogonal to the lamp voltage represents the reactive current I C , ie the capacitive component. Due to parasitic capacitances caused by the lamp cabling, it may now happen that the capacitive current is greater than the active component of the current.
  • the method according to the invention is explained.
  • the time interval of significant points of the current and the voltage characteristic is detected.
  • a phase shift is calculated.
  • the active component of the measured lamp current can then be calculated. This makes it possible to correctly regulate the lamp via the effective portion of the current and / or the active power.
  • phase shift is determined by detecting the zero crossing of the lamp current and the lamp voltage.
  • it is of great importance that not only the time of the zero crossing, but also the sign of the slope of the current or voltage signal is known at this time.
  • the zero crossing of the signals with negative slope is detected.
  • time information is obtained by measuring two significant points. For example, the zero crossings, peaks, etc. of the current and voltage of the lamp can be used for this purpose.
  • the above-described prior art requires an evaluation of amplitude information, ie, a current value at the time of the voltage peak.
  • the advantage of the present invention is that the temporal information, for example in terms of digital integration, can be implemented more easily by implementing with a counter than the holding and evaluation of amplitude information claimed in the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible embodiment of a mathematical method for calculating the active component of the lamp current.
  • the lamp current I lamp is obtained by measurement.
  • the lamp voltage U lamp is determined by measurement. Both measurements are preferably carried out instantaneously and continuously (or even at specific time intervals), with which voltage and current characteristics can be detected.
  • the two signals are processed directly in a mathematical process, or that other processing steps are interposed therebetween. It is possible, for example, that the signals are digitized by means of a DA converter. Other steps, such as a filtering of the signals are conceivable.
  • the two signals are each fed to a zero-crossing detection zcd, which respectively detect the time of the zero crossings and optionally also the sign of the slope of the signal curve at this time of the zero crossing.
  • the determined times are each supplied to a counter C.
  • a comparator can be used by comparing an actual value of the signal with a previously stored value, ie a delayed value, determines whether it is a rising or a falling edge.
  • the counter to which the time of the two zero crossings is fed measures the time interval of the zero crossings.
  • the counter may be designed so that it begins to count at the time of the zero crossing of the lamp current, and at the time of the zero crossing of the lamp voltage the counting stops. The counter reading thus reflects the time difference between the two ascending or descending zero crossings.
  • This time interval .DELTA.t is multiplied by the current frequency of the drive, for example, the half-bridge.
  • a value representing the phase angle ⁇ can be obtained.
  • the frequency corresponds to the inverted period T -1 .
  • this frequency can be taken directly from the clock-generating control unit. In particular, this is advantageous if, as explained later, the mathematical method FIG. 2 is performed in the same control unit.
  • the frequency of the voltage or of the current through the lamp itself does not necessarily have to correspond exactly to the frequency of the activation, for example by a half-bridge. Therefore, for example, the zero-crossing evaluation can additionally be used in order to obtain therefrom the information relating to the actual current and / or voltage of the lamp. Thus, not only the time difference of the zero crossings, but also the multiplier "frequency" can be obtained from the zero-crossing information.
  • phase angle ⁇ 360 ⁇ ° ⁇ ⁇ t T where ⁇ t is the measured time difference and T is the directly or indirectly detected period of the AC signal.
  • phase angle ⁇ becomes a function, in particular as in FIG. 2 shown a cosine function applied to calculate a correction factor.
  • the conversion of the phase angle ⁇ in the correction factor can be calculated by a function, or also via a look-up table. The latter is therefore conceivable, in particular, since the implementation of a cosine function represents a great expense.
  • the thus determined correction factor is then applied to the average value of the lamp current I lamp .
  • the average value of the lamp current is calculated via the unit avg.
  • This corrected actual value corresponds to the active component of the lamp current which is in phase with the lamp voltage, as in FIG. 1b shown is.
  • the corrected actual value I R is then fed to the control loop Cl equal to the setpoint. Then takes place in the unit F out gene, the calculation of a frequency information depending on the control difference, wherein the control difference represents the difference between the actual value and setpoint of the lamp current and / or the lamp voltage.
  • the mathematical calculation shown causes a value set on the drive circuit of the lamp to correspond to the set desired value Tv.
  • the set value is a frequency or, as described later, a PWM duty cycle.
  • the lamp voltage detection is thus used only for detecting the phase angle ⁇ .
  • the control loop refers only to the use of the lamp current, or its time average, as a feedback variable.
  • this value can also be used to perform a power control.
  • a power control therefore means a combination of the corrected current value with the evaluation of the current lamp voltage value.
  • a lamp power control can also be performed.
  • the lamp power determined in this way is the effective power of the lamp, which reflects its actual value.
  • the accuracy of this measurement can be increased by averaging over a plurality of measurements of the phase angle between the lamp current and the lamp voltage. This would mean that the mathematical calculation method for determining the temporal phase difference ⁇ t is repeated several times. However, such a repetition naturally leads to a slower response of the corrective behavior.
  • an adjustable filtering can thus be provided after the calculation of the correction value.
  • the filtered value is then applied to the correction of the setpoint or actual value of the control loop.
  • the correction factor which is determined in the unit Cl, namely, can be selectively applied to the actual value, but also to the setpoint of the control loop.
  • the number of repetitions for determining the temporal phase difference .DELTA.t depending on the operating state, the dimming dynamics, etc. can be selected and thus decided whether just a slower correction behavior with higher accuracy or fast correction behavior should be present with possibly slightly reduced accuracy ,
  • the detection of the zero crossings therefore preferably extends over more than one period. This also serves to avoid disturbances of the zero crossings. To increase accuracy, several measurement results are averaged (e.g., via a filter).
  • FIG. 2 is, a mathematical method in which the actual value of the lamp current is calculated by determining the phase difference becomes. This is done using the determined phase difference and the measured lamp current or its averaging. However, it is also conceivable that only the phase difference is determined and thus applied to a set target value Tv accordingly.
  • the method according to the invention thus has the function of regulating a lamp so that the active component of the lamp power also corresponds to the value set by the user.
  • the method can be extended so that the measured or determined values are used for additional functions, such as overvoltage protection and / or an end of lamp life (EOL).
  • EOL end of lamp life
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an embodiment of a control gear.
  • This is designed to operate a gas discharge lamp R lamp .
  • the lamp R lamp is integrated in a resonance circuit which is indicated by the coil L1 and the capacitor C1.
  • the resonant circuit is preceded by a half-bridge.
  • this can also be any other form of a clocked DC / AC converter, for example a full bridge.
  • the half-bridge acts on the resonant circuit and thus also the lamp R lamp with an alternating current having a predetermined frequency. In this case, the half-bridge is supplied with a direct current.
  • this DC current may be supplied by an upstream active clocked PFC (Power Factor Correction) circuit (not shown).
  • PFC Power Factor Correction
  • Advantageously supplied by means of a rectifier with DC for example, converts a conventional AC line current into DC.
  • the operating device For monitoring the lamp current , the operating device has a measuring resistor R shunt . Furthermore, it has a voltage divider R1, R2 for measuring the lamp voltage. In addition, the operating device has a control unit. The two measured signals lamp voltage and lamp current are supplied to the control unit. In this case, the signal of the lamp current can be obtained by tapping the voltage at the measuring resistor, and from this value and the size of the measuring resistor the lamp current is calculated.
  • parasitic capacitances can occur, for example, due to the wiring of the lamp. These are in FIG. 3 reproduced as a capacitor C par parallel to the lamp.
  • the control unit is designed so that it can regulate all functions of the operating device, i. responsible for the entire lamp management. It regulates the level of direct current supplied to the half-bridge. This is preferably done via a regulation of the PFC circuit. In particular, it also regulates the clock frequency of the half bridge. For such a control, the control unit receives the measured lamp current and the measured lamp voltage as feedback signals.
  • control unit is designed so that it can carry out the method according to the invention as described above.
  • the control unit has for this purpose a circuit, in particular an integrated circuit.
  • the integrated circuit may be a ⁇ C or an ASIC.
  • a microcontroller or an at least partially discrete circuit i. a hybrid solution.
  • FIG. 4 shows a timing diagram with a voltage and a current characteristic when the voltage has a DC component V DC_OFFSET .
  • This - unknown - DC component in the lamp voltage is taken into account according to the invention for the cos phi correction. Specifically, this is done by detecting further voltage zero crossings (or comparable significant points) from which the asymmetry caused by the DC component can be determined. The inclusion of the DC component then takes place, for example, by calculation, for example implemented in an ASIC.
  • the DC component can be determined.
  • a plurality of zero crossings ie over several periods, so preferably at least three zero crossings evaluated.
  • the zero crossings of the lamp current monitoring can be evaluated, since thus the frequency can be determined (in this application example, the lamp current has no appreciable DC component).
  • the frequency of the AC operation ie the clock frequency at which the clocked DC / AC converter is driven, with for the evaluation of the voltage zero crossings can be used for the determination of the DC component.
  • the zero crossing (with positive slope) of the lamp current is detected and the positive zero crossing of the lamp voltage occurring after a time period T1.
  • the timing of the latter zero crossing with respect to the former does not depend solely on the phase angle, but shifts in the presence of a DC component in the voltage. Therefore, to determine the exact phase angle, this DC component must be taken into account.
  • the negative zero crossing of the lamp voltage takes place, this time duration T2 being longer than the time period T3 until the next positive zero crossing of the lamp voltage due to a DC component of the lamp voltage.
  • the difference between T2 and T3, ie between two successive zero crossings, is used to determine the DC component.
  • the calculation of the phase shift which takes place starting from the time period T1, is then corrected.
  • T VI T ⁇ 1 + T ⁇ 2 - T ⁇ 3 / 4
  • Phi T VI / tperiod * 2 * pi
  • the current may also have DC components: these can also be corrected by detecting successive zero crossings of the current (as in the case of the voltage above). This is when using LEDs as bulbs advantageous in which often a wide dimming range is controlled.
  • FIG. 5 shows a development of the invention.
  • the current signal ie the measurement of the zero crossing
  • DZ1 the current shunt Rshunt
  • the amplitude of the lamp current is measured directly at the current shunt Rshunt.
  • the measurement across the diode DZ1 uses the effect that the lamp current as long as the path through the resistor Rk flows until the lamp current has risen so far that the voltage across the resistor Rk exceeds the forward voltage of the diode DZ1 and this takes over the current flow the current shunt Rshunt has a lower resistance than the resistor Rk).
  • the diode DZ2 is optional and serves to limit the voltage.
  • the DC component can currently depend on the brightness level (dimming level), ambient temperature of the lamp, lamp copy, lamp type (eg depending on the technology used: coldspot, amalgam, energy-saving, long-life variants) Change lamp aging, therefore active detection and compensation is required.
  • a particular advantage of the invention is the fact that it can also be used in already existing operating devices. This is possible in particular because they are usually already equipped with a device for detecting the lamp voltage and the lamp current. So it is only necessary to replace the control unit. If possible, of course, it is desirable to simply modify the existing control unit instead. So it is conceivable, for example, that the control unit is reprogrammed accordingly.
  • the method according to the invention can be used in any conceivable electrical circuit which is operated with alternating current and in which a phase shift occurs between current and voltage.
  • this phase shift can be reliably determined.
  • the determined phase shift can be useful for a correct control of the circuit, but also for other purposes. Since, due to components with capacitive or inductive properties, capacitive or inductive operation can occur in virtually every circuit through cabling such as grounding in virtually every circuit, the inventive method can accordingly be used in practically every circuit in a meaningful manner.
  • a load such as a lamp or an electric motor.
  • any form of luminaire is conceivable.
  • the use of the method according to the invention in an operating device for operating one or more LEDs and / or one or more organic LEDs is also conceivable.
  • you can these are connected in AC-driven circuits in opposite directions.
  • an alternating current the strength of which is measured for control purposes, is converted into a direct current for operating the leads.
  • a current control can be corrected by increasing the duty cycle of the PWM modulation against an uncorrected current detection value in order to take account of the capacitive currents.

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  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
EP10752764.0A 2009-09-04 2010-09-03 Cosinus (phi) - korrektur bei strom- oder leistungsgeregelten betriebsgeräten für leuchtmittel Not-in-force EP2474206B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009040284A DE102009040284A1 (de) 2009-09-04 2009-09-04 Cosinus(Φ)-Korrektur bei strom- oder leistungsgeregelten Betriebsgeräten für Leuchtmittel
PCT/EP2010/062922 WO2011026926A2 (de) 2009-09-04 2010-09-03 Cosinus (phi) - korrektur bei strom- oder leistungsgeregelten betriebsgeräten für leuchtmittel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2474206A2 EP2474206A2 (de) 2012-07-11
EP2474206B1 true EP2474206B1 (de) 2015-06-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10752764.0A Not-in-force EP2474206B1 (de) 2009-09-04 2010-09-03 Cosinus (phi) - korrektur bei strom- oder leistungsgeregelten betriebsgeräten für leuchtmittel

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2474206B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102511202B (zh)
DE (2) DE102009040284A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2011026926A2 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012007746A1 (de) * 2012-04-18 2013-10-24 Minebea Co., Ltd. Ansteuerschaltung für LED-Hintergrundbeleuchtung

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ326348A (en) * 1996-01-26 1999-03-29 Tridonic Bauelemente Method and control circuit for regulation of the operational characteristics especially brightness of gas discharge lamps where lamp current is used as a regulating variable
US6100647A (en) * 1998-12-28 2000-08-08 Philips Electronics North America Corp. Lamp ballast for accurate control of lamp intensity
DE102004051536A1 (de) * 2004-10-21 2006-05-04 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Lampenbetriebsschaltung und Betriebsverfahren für eine Lampe mit Wirkstrommessung
TW200711537A (en) * 2005-07-07 2007-03-16 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Parasitic capacitance compensations system and method
DE202007003033U1 (de) * 2007-03-01 2007-07-12 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Vorrichtung für die Messung des Stromes einer Entladungslampe

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DE102009040284A1 (de) 2011-03-17
WO2011026926A2 (de) 2011-03-10
CN102511202A (zh) 2012-06-20
CN102511202B (zh) 2015-11-25
DE112010003534A5 (de) 2012-10-18
EP2474206A2 (de) 2012-07-11
WO2011026926A3 (de) 2012-03-08

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