EP2473741A1 - Turbine engine compressor having air injectors - Google Patents

Turbine engine compressor having air injectors

Info

Publication number
EP2473741A1
EP2473741A1 EP10762738A EP10762738A EP2473741A1 EP 2473741 A1 EP2473741 A1 EP 2473741A1 EP 10762738 A EP10762738 A EP 10762738A EP 10762738 A EP10762738 A EP 10762738A EP 2473741 A1 EP2473741 A1 EP 2473741A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
compressor
air
upstream
housings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10762738A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2473741B1 (en
Inventor
Michel André BOURU
Laurent Jablonski
Armel Touyeras
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
SNECMA SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SNECMA SAS filed Critical SNECMA SAS
Publication of EP2473741A1 publication Critical patent/EP2473741A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2473741B1 publication Critical patent/EP2473741B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/522—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/0238—Details or means for fluid reinjection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4213—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps suction ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/684—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by fluid injection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of turbomachine compressors. It relates more particularly to a high-pressure compressor turbomachine in which is provided an air recirculation to limit the phenomenon of pumping.
  • a turbomachine compressor comprises several successive stages of compression, each compression stage consisting of a row (or grid) of fixed vanes followed by a row of moving blades.
  • An annular casing surrounds the rows of blades and delimits on the outside the vein of flow of the air flow passing through the compressor.
  • Such a compressor is subject to pumping.
  • Pumping is a phenomenon that is sought to minimize within a turbomachine since it results in sudden oscillations of air pressure and air flow, which subject the compressor blades to mechanical stresses. considerable risks that may lead to their weakening or even their rupture. This phenomenon occurs especially at the blade head, at the level of the air boundary layer present between the blade heads and the compressor housing and is translated locally by lower pressure pockets.
  • the reinjection of the air taken from the flow passage is generally done by means of air injectors which are mounted in housings provided for this purpose on the casing surrounding the blades.
  • these air injectors are parts regularly spaced angularly from each other and each provided with an internal channel air injection opening, on one side in the flow path of the compressor, and on the other side to an air supply duct connected to the recirculation circuit.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to overcome such disadvantages by providing a compressor in which the position of the air injectors is reliable while maintaining the possibility of being able to disassemble them.
  • turbomachine compressor comprising;
  • a first nozzle support housing centered on a longitudinal axis of the compressor and defining on the outside a flow line of a gas flow passing through the compressor;
  • each air injector having;
  • At least one internal air injection channel opening radially on one side in the flow passage of the gas flow passing through the compressor and on the other in the annular space formed between the housings, and at an upstream longitudinal end, an upstream flange having an inner face bearing radially against an upstream flange of the corresponding housing of the first housing and an outer face bearing radially against an inner face of the second housing;
  • the invention has the advantage of providing a positional maintenance of all the air injectors in their respective housing by a simple mechanical pinch of the injectors between the two housings. In the absence of tight adjustments in the assembly, it is thus possible to replace the air injectors without causing damage to the crankcase. This results in simplified maintenance.
  • the first casing comprises bosses formed between the housings and whose outer face is on the one hand projecting with respect to the outer face of the first casing, and on the other hand recessed with respect to the outer face of the flanges.
  • the clamping means upstream of the air injectors, comprising at least one fixing screw which passes radially through the second housing and which is screwed onto one of the bosses of the first housing.
  • Each air injector may further comprise at a downstream longitudinal end, a downstream flange having an inner face bearing radially against a downstream flange of the corresponding housing of the first housing.
  • each air injector also comprises lateral flanges connecting the upstream flange to the downstream flange, these lateral flanges each having an inner face bearing radially against a lateral flange of the corresponding housing of the first housing. The presence of these lateral flanges avoids any form of parasitic introduction of the air for injection by a path other than that defined by the internal channels of air injection.
  • the invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a compressor as defined above, the latter being able to constitute a high-pressure compressor of the turbomachine.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section schematically showing, in its environment, a high-pressure turbomachine compressor according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial view, in perspective and exploded of the compressor according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are sectional views of the assembled compressor of Figure 2, respectively along III-III and IV-IV;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial view, in perspective and exploded of a compressor according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 partially represents a turbomachine 10 of longitudinal axis 12. From upstream to downstream (in the direction of flow of the gas flows passing therethrough), the turbomachine comprises a fan 14, a low-pressure compressor 16, a high compressor pressure 18, a combustion chamber 20 and a turbine (not shown).
  • Each compressor and in particular the high-pressure compressor 18, comprises several compression stages, each stage being composed of a row (or grid) of fixed vanes 22 followed by a row of moving vanes 24. These rows of blades 22, 24 are arranged in a flow channel 26 for the flow of air passing through the compressor, this flow being defined radially on the outside by an annular envelope 28.
  • the casing 28 surrounding the rows of blades 22, 24 of the compressor comprises one or more openings 30 opening in the vein 26 (by the right or just downstream of the blade head of a compressor. compressor stage) and opening into an annular diffusion duct 32 centered on the longitudinal axis 12 and surrounding the casing.
  • This diffusion duct 32 is connected via one or more tubes 34 to an annular sampling duct 36 also centered on the longitudinal axis 12.
  • the diffusion duct 32 opens upstream into the duct 26, for example into direction of the moving blade head of another stage of the compressor, via a plurality of air injectors 38 described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5.
  • the casing 28 surrounding the compressor blade rows consists of a first casing 28a injector support and a second casing 28b disposed around the first casing.
  • the first housing 28a is sectored, that is to say it consists of a plurality of annular housing segments put end-to-end.
  • These two housings 28a, 28b are centered on the longitudinal axis 12 of the turbomachine and are spaced radially from one another to form between them an annular space 40 which opens into the diffusion duct 32.
  • the first housing 28a At its upstream end (with respect to the direction of flow of the gas flow through the compressor), the first housing 28a has a plurality of housings 42 regularly spaced from each other, each housing 42 having an upstream flange 44 and a flange downstream 46. In these housings are mounted the air injectors 38.
  • Each air injector 38 comprises at least one internal air injection channel 48 which opens radially, on one side into the flow line 26 of the gas flow passing through the compressor and on the other side into the space ring 40 formed between the casings 28a, 28b. This air injection channel is thus supplied with air by the diffusion duct 32.
  • each air injector 38 comprises at its longitudinal end downstream a flange (or spoiler) 50 whose inner face 50a bears against the downstream flange 46 of the corresponding housing of the first housing.
  • Each air injector 38 also comprises at its upstream longitudinal end an upstream rim (or spoiler) 52 having an inner face 52a bearing radially against the upstream edge 44 of the corresponding housing of the first housing and an outer face 52b bearing radially against an inner face of the second housing 28b.
  • an upstream rim (or spoiler) 52 having an inner face 52a bearing radially against the upstream edge 44 of the corresponding housing of the first housing and an outer face 52b bearing radially against an inner face of the second housing 28b.
  • These flanges 50, 52 make it possible in particular to participate in the radial positioning of the injectors 38 on the first casing 28a and constitute obstacles to the parasitic passage of air via a path other than that provided by the internal air injection channels 48.
  • the air injectors 38 are held in position in their respective housings 42 of the first housing 28a by means of clamping their upstream flange 52.
  • bosses 54 which are formed at the upstream end between the housings 42 of the air injectors. These bosses have an outer face which is, on the one hand protruding radially from the outer face of the first housing, and secondly radially recessed with respect to the outer face 52b of the upstream flanges 52 of the air injectors. .
  • the outer face 52b of the upstream flanges 52 of the air injectors project radially relative to the bosses 54 of the first casing when the air injectors are mounted in their housings (this difference in level is shown schematically by the dimension h in Figure 3).
  • at least one of these bosses has a threaded hole 56.
  • a fixing screw 58 which passes radially through the second housing 28b from one side is screwed into the bore 56. This screw is used to secure the second housing 28b on the first housing 28a. It also allows the housings 28a, 28b to exert a radial clamping force of the upstream flange 52 of each air injector 38 mounted in the housing 42 of the first housing. Indeed, as the upstream edge 52 of the air injectors 38 is projecting radially relative to the bosses 54, it is easily understood that the tightening of the fixing screw 58 will cause a clamping force of these upstream edges between the inner face of the second casing 28b and the respective upstream rim 44 of the housing of the first casing 28a. Thus, all the air injectors 38 of the compressor are held in position between the two housings 28a, 28b.
  • fixing screws 58 may vary. Preferably, these are regularly distributed over the entire circumference of the compressor.
  • complementary securing screws 58 ' may also be screwed through the second housing 28b at the downstream end thereof (see Figure 4).
  • the air injectors 38 'of the compressor 10' partially shown in FIG. 5 have the particularity of having lateral flanges (or spoilers) 60 which connect the downstream flange 50 to the upstream flange 52 of the injectors.
  • These lateral flanges each have an inner face which bears radially against a lateral rim 62 of the corresponding housing 42 'of the first casing 28a.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbine engine compressor, including a first housing (28a) for supporting the injectors, a second housing (28b) arranged around the first housing while forming an annular space (40) therewith, and a plurality of air injectors (38), each mounted in recesses. Each air injector has at least one inner air injection channel (48) which leads, on one side, into an outflow jet (26) of the gas stream and, on the other side, into the space formed between the housings, and, at an upstream end, an upstream rim (52) having an inner surface (52a) radially abutting against an upstream rim (44) of the corresponding recess of the first housing and an outer surface (52b) radially abutting against an inner surface of the second housing. A means for clamping the upstream rim of the air injectors between the housings enables the air injectors to be held in position in the recesses of the first housing.

Description

Compresseur de turbomachine ayant des injecteurs d'air  Turbomachine compressor having air injectors
Arrière-plan de l'invention Background of the invention
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine général des compresseurs de turbomachine. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un compresseur haute-pression de turbomachine dans lequel est prévue une recirculation d'air visant à limiter le phénomène de pompage.  The present invention relates to the general field of turbomachine compressors. It relates more particularly to a high-pressure compressor turbomachine in which is provided an air recirculation to limit the phenomenon of pumping.
Un compresseur de turbomachine comprend plusieurs étages successifs de compression, chaque étage de compression se composant d'une rangée (ou grille) d'aubes fixes suivie d'une rangée d'aubes mobiles. Un carter annulaire entoure les rangées d'aubes et délimite à l'extérieur la veine d'écoulement du flux d'air traversant le compresseur.  A turbomachine compressor comprises several successive stages of compression, each compression stage consisting of a row (or grid) of fixed vanes followed by a row of moving blades. An annular casing surrounds the rows of blades and delimits on the outside the vein of flow of the air flow passing through the compressor.
Un tel compresseur est sujet au pompage. Le pompage est un phénomène que l'on cherche à minimiser au sein d'une turbomachine puisqu'il se traduit par des oscillations brutales de la pression d'air et du débit d'air, qui soumettent les aubes du compresseur à des contraintes mécaniques considérables pouvant conduire à leur fragilisation, voire à leur rupture. Ce phénomène intervient notamment en tête d'aube, au niveau de la couche limite d'air présente entre la tête des aubes et le carter du compresseur et se traduit localement par des poches de pression plus faible.  Such a compressor is subject to pumping. Pumping is a phenomenon that is sought to minimize within a turbomachine since it results in sudden oscillations of air pressure and air flow, which subject the compressor blades to mechanical stresses. considerable risks that may lead to their weakening or even their rupture. This phenomenon occurs especially at the blade head, at the level of the air boundary layer present between the blade heads and the compressor housing and is translated locally by lower pressure pockets.
L'une des solutions connues pour minimiser ce phénomène est de prévoir une recirculation d'air au sein du compresseur. A cet effet, de l'air est généralement prélevé dans la veine d'écoulement du compresseur au droit (ou juste en aval) de la tête d'aubes mobiles d'un étage du compresseur. Cet air prélevé transite alors dans un conduit avant d'être réinjecté plus en amont dans la veine d'écoulement, par exemple en amont et en direction de la tête d'aubes mobiles d'un autre étage du compresseur. On pourra par exemple se référer aux documents US 2005/0226717 et US 5,474,417 qui décrivent des exemples de réalisation d'une telle recirculation d'air.  One of the known solutions to minimize this phenomenon is to provide a recirculation of air within the compressor. For this purpose, air is generally drawn into the flow passage of the compressor to the right (or just downstream) of the blade head of a compressor stage. This sampled air then passes through a duct before being reinjected further upstream into the flow duct, for example upstream and towards the moving blade head of another stage of the compressor. For example, reference may be made to documents US 2005/0226717 and US Pat. No. 5,474,417 which describe exemplary embodiments of such an air recirculation.
La réinjection de l'air prélevé dans la veine d'écoulement se fait généralement au moyen d'injecteurs d'air qui sont montés dans des logements prévus à cet effet sur le carter entourant les aubes. Typiquement, ces injecteurs d'air sont des pièces régulièrement espacées angulaïrement les unes des autres et munies chacune d'un canal interne d'injection d'air débouchant, d'un côté dans la veine d'écoulement du compresseur, et de l'autre côté vers un conduit d'alimentation en air relié au circuit de recirculation d'air. The reinjection of the air taken from the flow passage is generally done by means of air injectors which are mounted in housings provided for this purpose on the casing surrounding the blades. Typically, these air injectors are parts regularly spaced angularly from each other and each provided with an internal channel air injection opening, on one side in the flow path of the compressor, and on the other side to an air supply duct connected to the recirculation circuit.
Le maintien en position de ces injecteurs d'air sur le carter du compresseur pose des problèmes. En effet, les solutions connues consistent soit à monter les injecteurs d'air dans leur logement par un ajustement serré de type H7p6, soit à immobilier les injecteurs d'air dans leur logement au moyen de vis. Or, le montage des injecteurs d'air par un ajustement serré a pour principal inconvénient le démontage de ces injecteurs qui est rendu impossible sans causer de dommages au carter. Keeping these air injectors in position on the compressor casing poses problems. In fact, the known solutions consist either of mounting the air injectors in their housing by a tight fit type H7p6, or to real estate air injectors in their housing by means of screws. However, the mounting of the air injectors by a tight fit has the main drawback disassembly of these injectors which is made impossible without causing damage to the housing.
Quant au maintien des injecteurs au moyen de vis, il pose des problèmes d'application au regard de la taille et du nombre de vis nécessaires (une à deux vis par injecteur d'air), sans compter l'encombrement dont il faudrait pouvoir disposer pour insérer un moyen auto-freinant sur le carter. As for the maintenance of the injectors by means of screws, it poses problems of application with regard to the size and the number of screws necessary (one to two screws by injector of air), not to mention the congestion which one would have to be able to have to insert a self-braking means on the housing.
Objet et résumé de l'invention Object and summary of the invention
La présente invention a donc pour but principal de pallier de tels inconvénients en proposant un compresseur dans lequel le maintien en position des injecteurs d'air est fiable tout en conservant la possibilité de pouvoir les démonter.  The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome such disadvantages by providing a compressor in which the position of the air injectors is reliable while maintaining the possibility of being able to disassemble them.
Ce but est atteint grâce à un compresseur de turbomachine, comprenant ;  This object is achieved by means of a turbomachine compressor, comprising;
un premier carter formant support d'injecteurs centré sur un axe longitudinal du compresseur et délimitant à l'extérieur une veine d'écoulement d'un flux gazeux traversant le compresseur ;  a first nozzle support housing centered on a longitudinal axis of the compressor and defining on the outside a flow line of a gas flow passing through the compressor;
un second carter centré sur l'axe longitudinal du compresseur et disposé autour du premier carter en ménageant avec celui-ci un espace annulaire ; et  a second casing centered on the longitudinal axis of the compressor and arranged around the first casing by providing with it an annular space; and
une pluralité d'injecteurs d'air montés chacun dans des logements de forme correspondante formés à une extrémité longitudinale amont du premier carter et régulièrement espacés les uns des autres, chaque injecteur d'air ayant ;  a plurality of air injectors each mounted in correspondingly shaped housings formed at an upstream longitudinal end of the first housing and regularly spaced from each other, each air injector having;
au moins un canal interne d'injection d'air débouchant radîalement, d'un côté dans la veine d'écoulement du flux gazeux traversant le compresseur et de l'autre, dans l'espace annulaire formé entre les carters, et à une extrémité longitudinale amont, un rebord amont ayant une face intérieure venant en appui radial contre un rebord amont du logement correspondant du premier carter et une face extérieure venant en appui radial contre une face intérieure du second carter ; at least one internal air injection channel opening radially on one side in the flow passage of the gas flow passing through the compressor and on the other in the annular space formed between the housings, and at an upstream longitudinal end, an upstream flange having an inner face bearing radially against an upstream flange of the corresponding housing of the first housing and an outer face bearing radially against an inner face of the second housing;
des moyens de pincement du rebord amont des injecteurs d'air entre les carters afin de maintenir les injecteurs d'air en position dans les logements du premier carter.  clamping means of the upstream flange of the air injectors between the housings to maintain the air injectors in position in the housing of the first housing.
L'invention présente l'avantage de prévoir un maintien en position de l'ensemble des injecteurs d'air dans leur logement respectif par un simple pincement mécanique des injecteurs entre les deux carters. En l'absence d'ajustements serrés dans l'assemblage, il est ainsi possible de pouvoir remplacer les injecteurs d'air sans causer de dommages aux carters. Il en résulte une maintenance simplifiée.  The invention has the advantage of providing a positional maintenance of all the air injectors in their respective housing by a simple mechanical pinch of the injectors between the two housings. In the absence of tight adjustments in the assembly, it is thus possible to replace the air injectors without causing damage to the crankcase. This results in simplified maintenance.
Avantageusement, le premier carter comprend des bossages formés entre les logements et dont la face extérieure est, d'une part en saillie par rapport à la face extérieure du premier carter, et d'autre part en retrait par rapport à la face extérieure des rebords amont des injecteurs d'air, les moyens de pincement comprenant au moins une vis de fixation qui traverse radialement le second carter et qui est vissée sur l'un des bossages du premier carter.  Advantageously, the first casing comprises bosses formed between the housings and whose outer face is on the one hand projecting with respect to the outer face of the first casing, and on the other hand recessed with respect to the outer face of the flanges. upstream of the air injectors, the clamping means comprising at least one fixing screw which passes radially through the second housing and which is screwed onto one of the bosses of the first housing.
Chaque injecteur d'air peut comprendre en outre à une extrémité longitudinale aval, un rebord aval ayant une face intérieure venant en appui radial contre un rebord aval du logement correspondant du premier carter. Dans ce cas, de façon avantageuse, chaque injecteur d'air comprend également des rebords latéraux reliant le rebord amont au rebord aval, ces rebords latéraux ayant chacun une face intérieure venant en appui radial contre un rebord latéral du logement correspondant du premier carter. La présence de ces rebords latéraux permet d'éviter toute forme d'introduction parasite de l'air destiné à l'injection par une autre voie que celle définie par les canaux internes d'injection d'air.  Each air injector may further comprise at a downstream longitudinal end, a downstream flange having an inner face bearing radially against a downstream flange of the corresponding housing of the first housing. In this case, advantageously, each air injector also comprises lateral flanges connecting the upstream flange to the downstream flange, these lateral flanges each having an inner face bearing radially against a lateral flange of the corresponding housing of the first housing. The presence of these lateral flanges avoids any form of parasitic introduction of the air for injection by a path other than that defined by the internal channels of air injection.
L'invention a également pour objet une turbomachine comprenant un compresseur tel que défini précédemment, ce dernier pouvant constituer un compresseur haute-pression de la turbomachine. Brève description des dessins The invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a compressor as defined above, the latter being able to constitute a high-pressure compressor of the turbomachine. Brief description of the drawings
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de Ia présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-dessous, en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent un exemple de réalisation dépourvu de tout caractère limitatif. Sur les figures :  Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an embodiment having no limiting character. In the figures:
- Ia figure 1 est une coupe longitudinale montrant de façon schématique et dans son environnement un compresseur haute-pression de turbomachine selon l'invention ;  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section schematically showing, in its environment, a high-pressure turbomachine compressor according to the invention;
- la figure 2 est une vue partielle, en perspective et en éclaté du compresseur selon l'invention ;  - Figure 2 is a partial view, in perspective and exploded of the compressor according to the invention;
- les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues en coupe du compresseur assemblé de la figure 2, respectivement selon III-III et IV-IV ; et  - Figures 3 and 4 are sectional views of the assembled compressor of Figure 2, respectively along III-III and IV-IV; and
- la figure 5 est une vue partielle, en perspective et en éclaté d'un compresseur selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.  - Figure 5 is a partial view, in perspective and exploded of a compressor according to another embodiment of the invention.
Description détaillée de modes de réalisation Detailed description of embodiments
La figure 1 représente partiellement une turbomachine 10 d'axe longitudinal 12. D'amont en aval (dans le sens d'écoulement des flux gazeux la traversant), la turbomachine comprend une soufflante 14, un compresseur basse-pression 16, un compresseur haute-pression 18, une chambre de combustion 20 et une turbine (non représentée).  FIG. 1 partially represents a turbomachine 10 of longitudinal axis 12. From upstream to downstream (in the direction of flow of the gas flows passing therethrough), the turbomachine comprises a fan 14, a low-pressure compressor 16, a high compressor pressure 18, a combustion chamber 20 and a turbine (not shown).
Chaque compresseur, et en particulier le compresseur haute- pression 18, comporte plusieurs étages de compression, chaque étage étant composé d'une rangée (ou grille) d'aubes fixes 22 suivie d'une rangée d'aubes mobiles 24. Ces rangées d'aubes 22, 24 sont disposées dans une veine 26 d'écoulement du flux d'air traversant le compresseur, cette veine étant délimitée radialement à l'extérieur par une enveloppe annulaire 28.  Each compressor, and in particular the high-pressure compressor 18, comprises several compression stages, each stage being composed of a row (or grid) of fixed vanes 22 followed by a row of moving vanes 24. These rows of blades 22, 24 are arranged in a flow channel 26 for the flow of air passing through the compressor, this flow being defined radially on the outside by an annular envelope 28.
Afin de minimiser le phénomène de pompage au sein du compresseur haute-pression 18, il est prévu de prélever dans la veine 26 une fraction de l'air traversant le compresseur pour Ie réinjecter plus en amont dans la veine.  In order to minimize the pumping phenomenon within the high-pressure compressor 18, it is planned to take a fraction of the air passing through the compressor in the vein 26 to reinject it further upstream into the vein.
A cet effet, l'enveloppe 28 entourant tes rangées d'aubes 22, 24 du compresseur comporte une ou plusieurs ouvertures 30 s'ouvrant dans la veine 26 (par au droit ou juste en aval de la tête d'aubes mobiles d'un étage du compresseur) et débouchant dans un conduit annulaire de diffusion 32 centré sur l'axe longitudinal 12 et entourant l'enveloppe. For this purpose, the casing 28 surrounding the rows of blades 22, 24 of the compressor comprises one or more openings 30 opening in the vein 26 (by the right or just downstream of the blade head of a compressor. compressor stage) and opening into an annular diffusion duct 32 centered on the longitudinal axis 12 and surrounding the casing.
Ce conduit de diffusion 32 est relié par l'intermédiaire d'un ou plusieurs tubes 34 à un conduit annulaire de prélèvement 36 également centré sur l'axe longitudinal 12. Le conduit de diffusion 32 débouche en amont dans la veine 26, par exemple en direction de la tête d'aubes mobiles d'un autre étage du compresseur, par l'intermédiaire d'une pluralité d'injecteurs d'air 38 décrits ci-après en liaison avec les figures 2 à 5.  This diffusion duct 32 is connected via one or more tubes 34 to an annular sampling duct 36 also centered on the longitudinal axis 12. The diffusion duct 32 opens upstream into the duct 26, for example into direction of the moving blade head of another stage of the compressor, via a plurality of air injectors 38 described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5.
Comme représenté sur les figures 2 à 4, l'enveloppe 28 entourant les rangées d'aubes du compresseur se compose d'un premier carter 28a formant support d'injecteurs et d'un second carter 28b disposé autour du premier carter. Le premier carter 28a est sectorisé, c'est-à-dire qu'il se compose d'une pluralité de segments annulaires de carter mis bout-à-bout.  As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the casing 28 surrounding the compressor blade rows consists of a first casing 28a injector support and a second casing 28b disposed around the first casing. The first housing 28a is sectored, that is to say it consists of a plurality of annular housing segments put end-to-end.
Ces deux carters 28a, 28b sont centrés sur l'axe longitudinal 12 de la turbomachine et sont espacés radialement l'un de l'autre pour ménager entre eux un espace annulaire 40 qui débouche dans le conduit de diffusion 32.  These two housings 28a, 28b are centered on the longitudinal axis 12 of the turbomachine and are spaced radially from one another to form between them an annular space 40 which opens into the diffusion duct 32.
Au niveau de son extrémité amont (par rapport au sens d'écoulement du flux gazeux traversant le compresseur), le premier carter 28a comporte une pluralité de logements 42 régulièrement espacés les uns des autres, chaque logement 42 ayant un rebord amont 44 et un rebord aval 46. Dans ces logements sont montés les injecteurs d'air 38.  At its upstream end (with respect to the direction of flow of the gas flow through the compressor), the first housing 28a has a plurality of housings 42 regularly spaced from each other, each housing 42 having an upstream flange 44 and a flange downstream 46. In these housings are mounted the air injectors 38.
Chaque injecteur d'air 38 comprend au moins un canal interne d'injection d'air 48 qui débouche radialement, d'un côté dans la veine 26 d'écoulement du flux gazeux traversant le compresseur et de l'autre, dans l'espace annulaire 40 formé entre les carters 28a, 28b. Ce canal d'injection d'air est donc alimenté en air par le conduit de diffusion 32.  Each air injector 38 comprises at least one internal air injection channel 48 which opens radially, on one side into the flow line 26 of the gas flow passing through the compressor and on the other side into the space ring 40 formed between the casings 28a, 28b. This air injection channel is thus supplied with air by the diffusion duct 32.
Par ailleurs, chaque injecteur d'air 38 comprend au niveau de son extrémité longitudinale aval un rebord (ou becquet) aval 50 dont la face intérieure 50a vient en appui contre le rebord aval 46 du logement correspondant du premier carter.  Furthermore, each air injector 38 comprises at its longitudinal end downstream a flange (or spoiler) 50 whose inner face 50a bears against the downstream flange 46 of the corresponding housing of the first housing.
Chaque injecteur d'air 38 comprend également à son extrémité longitudinale amont un rebord (ou becquet) amont 52 ayant une face intérieure 52a venant en appui radial contre le rebord amont 44 du logement correspondant du premier carter et une face extérieure 52b venant en appui radial contre une face intérieure du second carter 28b. Each air injector 38 also comprises at its upstream longitudinal end an upstream rim (or spoiler) 52 having an inner face 52a bearing radially against the upstream edge 44 of the corresponding housing of the first housing and an outer face 52b bearing radially against an inner face of the second housing 28b.
Ces rebords 50, 52 permettent notamment de participer au positionnement radial des injecteurs 38 sur le premier carter 28a et constituent des obstacles au passage parasite de l'air par un trajet autre que celui prévu par les canaux internes d'injection d'air 48.  These flanges 50, 52 make it possible in particular to participate in the radial positioning of the injectors 38 on the first casing 28a and constitute obstacles to the parasitic passage of air via a path other than that provided by the internal air injection channels 48.
Selon l'invention, les injecteurs d'air 38 sont maintenus en position dans leurs logements 42 respectifs du premier carter 28a par des moyens de pincement de leur rebord amont 52.  According to the invention, the air injectors 38 are held in position in their respective housings 42 of the first housing 28a by means of clamping their upstream flange 52.
A cet effet, comme représenté sur la figure 2, le premier carter For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 2, the first housing
28a comprend des bossages 54 qui sont formés à l'extrémité amont entre les logements 42 des injecteurs d'air. Ces bossages présentent une face extérieure qui est, d'une part en saillie radialement par rapport à la face extérieure du premier carter, et d'autre part en retrait radialement par rapport à la face extérieure 52b des rebords amont 52 des injecteurs d'air. 28a comprises bosses 54 which are formed at the upstream end between the housings 42 of the air injectors. These bosses have an outer face which is, on the one hand protruding radially from the outer face of the first housing, and secondly radially recessed with respect to the outer face 52b of the upstream flanges 52 of the air injectors. .
En d'autres termes, la face extérieure 52b des rebords amont 52 des injecteurs d'air est en saillie radialement par rapport aux bossages 54 du premier carter lorsque les injecteurs d'air sont montés dans leurs logements (cette différence de niveau est schématisée par la cote h sur la figure 3). Par ailleurs, au moins l'un de ces bossages présente un perçage taraudé 56.  In other words, the outer face 52b of the upstream flanges 52 of the air injectors project radially relative to the bosses 54 of the first casing when the air injectors are mounted in their housings (this difference in level is shown schematically by the dimension h in Figure 3). Moreover, at least one of these bosses has a threaded hole 56.
Comme représenté sur la figure 4, une vis de fixation 58 qui traverse radialement Ie second carter 28b de part en part est vissée dans ce perçage 56. Cette vis permet de fixer le second carter 28b sur le premier carter 28a. Elle permet également aux carters 28a, 28b d'exercer un effort de pincement radial du rebord amont 52 de chaque injecteur d'air 38 monté dans les logements 42 du premier carter. En effet, comme le rebord amont 52 des injecteurs d'air 38 est en saillie radialement par rapport aux bossages 54, on comprend aisément que le serrage de la vis de fixation 58 va provoquer un effort de pincement de ces rebords amont entre la face intérieure du second carter 28b et le rebord amont 44 respectif des logements du premier carter 28a. Ainsi, l'ensemble des ïnjecteurs d'air 38 du compresseur sont maintenus en position entre tes deux carters 28a, 28b.  As shown in Figure 4, a fixing screw 58 which passes radially through the second housing 28b from one side is screwed into the bore 56. This screw is used to secure the second housing 28b on the first housing 28a. It also allows the housings 28a, 28b to exert a radial clamping force of the upstream flange 52 of each air injector 38 mounted in the housing 42 of the first housing. Indeed, as the upstream edge 52 of the air injectors 38 is projecting radially relative to the bosses 54, it is easily understood that the tightening of the fixing screw 58 will cause a clamping force of these upstream edges between the inner face of the second casing 28b and the respective upstream rim 44 of the housing of the first casing 28a. Thus, all the air injectors 38 of the compressor are held in position between the two housings 28a, 28b.
On notera que le nombre de vis de fixation 58 peut varier. De préférence, celles-ci sont régulièrement réparties sur toute la circonférence du compresseur. En outre, des vis de fixation complémentaire 58' peuvent également être vissées au travers du second carter 28b au niveau de l'extrémité aval de celui-ci (voir la figure 4). Note that the number of fixing screws 58 may vary. Preferably, these are regularly distributed over the entire circumference of the compressor. In addition, complementary securing screws 58 'may also be screwed through the second housing 28b at the downstream end thereof (see Figure 4).
En liaison avec la figure 5, on décrira maintenant un autre mode de réalisation du compresseur selon l'invention.  In connection with Figure 5, will now be described another embodiment of the compressor according to the invention.
Par rapport au mode de réalisation précédemment décrit, les injecteurs d'air 38' du compresseur 10' partiellement représenté sur la figure 5 ont la particularité de comporter des rebords (ou becquets) latéraux 60 qui relient le rebord aval 50 au rebord amont 52 des injecteurs. Ces rebords latéraux présentent chacun une face intérieure qui vient en appui radial contre un rebord latéral 62 du logement 42' correspondant du premier carter 28a.  With respect to the embodiment previously described, the air injectors 38 'of the compressor 10' partially shown in FIG. 5 have the particularity of having lateral flanges (or spoilers) 60 which connect the downstream flange 50 to the upstream flange 52 of the injectors. These lateral flanges each have an inner face which bears radially against a lateral rim 62 of the corresponding housing 42 'of the first casing 28a.
La présence de ces rebords latéraux en plus des rebords amont 52 et aval 50 permet d'éviter toute forme d'introduction parasite de l'air destiné à l'injection par une autre voie que celle définie par les canaux internes d'injection d'air 48 des injecteurs d'air 38'.  The presence of these lateral flanges in addition to the upstream flanges 52 and downstream 50 avoids any form of parasitic introduction of the air for injection by a route other than that defined by the internal injection channels of air 48 of the air injectors 38 '.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Compresseur (10, iO') de turbomachine, comprenant ; A turbomachine compressor (10, 10 '), comprising;
un premier carter (28a) formant support d'injecteurs centré sur un axe longitudinal (12) du compresseur et délimitant à l'extérieur une veine (26) d'écoulement d'un flux gazeux traversant le compresseur ;  a first housing (28a) forming an injector support centered on a longitudinal axis (12) of the compressor and defining on the outside a flow line (26) of a gas flow passing through the compressor;
un second carter (28b) centré sur l'axe longitudinal du compresseur et disposé autour du premier carter en ménageant avec celui-ci un espace annulaire (40) ; et  a second housing (28b) centered on the longitudinal axis of the compressor and disposed around the first housing by providing therewith an annular space (40); and
une pluralité d'injecteurs d'air (38, 38') montés chacun dans des logements (42, 420 de forme correspondante formés à une extrémité longitudinale amont du premier carter et régulièrement espacés les uns des autres, chaque injecteur d'air ayant :  a plurality of air injectors (38, 38 ') each mounted in correspondingly shaped housings (42, 420) formed at an upstream longitudinal end of the first housing and regularly spaced from one another, each air injector having:
au moins un canal interne d'injection d'air (48) débouchant radialement, d'un côté dans Ia veine d'écoulement du flux gazeux traversant le compresseur et de l'autre, dans l'espace annulaire formé entre les carters, et  at least one internal air injection channel (48) emerging radially, on one side in the flow channel of the gas flow passing through the compressor and on the other in the annular space formed between the housings, and
à une extrémité longitudinale amont, un rebord amont (52) ayant une face intérieure (52a) venant en appui radial contre un rebord amont (44) du logement correspondant du premier carter et une face extérieure (52b) venant en appui radial contre une face intérieure du second carter ;  at an upstream longitudinal end, an upstream flange (52) having an inner face (52a) bearing radially against an upstream flange (44) of the corresponding housing of the first casing and an outer face (52b) bearing radially against a face inside the second casing;
des moyens de pincement du rebord amont des injecteurs d'air entre les carters afin de maintenir les injecteurs d'air en position dans les logements du premier carter.  clamping means of the upstream flange of the air injectors between the housings to maintain the air injectors in position in the housing of the first housing.
2, Compresseur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier carter (28a) comprend des bossages (54) formés entre les logements (42,2, The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the first housing (28a) comprises bosses (54) formed between the housings (42,
42') et dont la face extérieure est, d'une part en saillie par rapport à Ia face extérieure du premier carter, et d'autre part en retrait par rapport à42 ') and whose outer face is, on the one hand protruding from the outer face of the first housing, and on the other hand recessed relative to
Ia face extérieure (52b) des rebords amont (52) des injecteurs d'air (38, 38*), les moyens de pincement comprenant au moins une vis de fixationIa outer face (52b) of the upstream flange (52) of the air injectors (38, 38 *) are the gripping means comprising at least one screw
(58) qui traverse radialement Ie second carter (28b) et qui est vissée sur l'un des bossages du premier carter. (58) which passes radially through the second housing (28b) and which is screwed onto one of the bosses of the first housing.
3. Compresseur selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel chaque injecteur d'air (38, 38') comprend en outre à une extrémité longitudinale aval, un rebord aval (50) ayant une face intérieure (50a) venant en appui radial contre un rebord aval (46) du logement (42, 420 correspondant du premier carter. 3. Compressor according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein each air injector (38, 38 ') further comprises at a downstream longitudinal end, a downstream flange (50) having an inner face (50a) coming into radial support against a downstream flange (46) of the housing (42, 420 corresponding to the first housing.
4. Compresseur selon la revendication 3, dans lequel chaque injecteur d'air (380 comprend en outre des rebords latéraux (60) reliant le rebord amont (52) au rebord aval (50), ces rebords latéraux ayant chacun une face intérieure venant en appui radial contre un rebord latéral (62) du logement (42') correspondant du premier carter, The compressor according to claim 3, wherein each air injector (380 further comprises side flanges (60) connecting the upstream flange (52) to the downstream flange (50), said side flanges each having an inner face coming into view. radial support against a lateral rim (62) of the housing (42 ') corresponding to the first housing,
5. Compresseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, comportant en outre un conduit annulaire de diffusion (32) centré sur l'axe longitudinal (12) du compresseur, disposé autour du second carter (28b) et dans lequel débouche l'espace annulaire (40) formé entre les carters. 5. Compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an annular diffusion duct (32) centered on the longitudinal axis (12) of the compressor, arranged around the second casing (28b) and in which opens out 1 annular space (40) formed between the housings.
6. Compresseur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, constituant un compresseur haute-pression. 6. Compressor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, constituting a high-pressure compressor.
7. Turbomachine comprenant au moins un compresseur (10, 100 selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6. 7. A turbomachine comprising at least one compressor (10, 100 according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
EP10762738.2A 2009-08-31 2010-08-20 Turbine engine compressor having air injectors Active EP2473741B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0955922A FR2949518B1 (en) 2009-08-31 2009-08-31 TURBOMACHINE COMPRESSOR HAVING AIR INJECTORS
PCT/FR2010/051744 WO2011023891A1 (en) 2009-08-31 2010-08-20 Turbine engine compressor having air injectors

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WO2011023891A1 (en) 2011-03-03
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US20120201654A1 (en) 2012-08-09
RU2012112476A (en) 2013-10-10
CN102483070A (en) 2012-05-30
JP2013503292A (en) 2013-01-31
CA2772054C (en) 2017-01-17
FR2949518A1 (en) 2011-03-04
CN102483070B (en) 2015-05-06
FR2949518B1 (en) 2011-10-21
EP2473741B1 (en) 2018-10-03
US9074605B2 (en) 2015-07-07
CA2772054A1 (en) 2011-03-03
JP5686809B2 (en) 2015-03-18
BR112012004470A2 (en) 2020-08-11

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