EP2473741B1 - Turbine engine compressor having air injectors - Google Patents

Turbine engine compressor having air injectors Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2473741B1
EP2473741B1 EP10762738.2A EP10762738A EP2473741B1 EP 2473741 B1 EP2473741 B1 EP 2473741B1 EP 10762738 A EP10762738 A EP 10762738A EP 2473741 B1 EP2473741 B1 EP 2473741B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
housing
compressor
air
upstream
rim
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EP10762738.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2473741A1 (en
Inventor
Michel André BOURU
Laurent Jablonski
Armel Touyeras
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
    • F04D29/522—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F04D27/0238—Details or means for fluid reinjection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4213—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps suction ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/684—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by fluid injection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of turbomachine compressors. It relates more particularly to a high-pressure compressor turbomachine in which is provided an air recirculation to limit the phenomenon of pumping.
  • a turbomachine compressor comprises several successive stages of compression, each compression stage consisting of a row (or grid) of fixed vanes followed by a row of moving blades.
  • An annular casing surrounds the rows of blades and delimits on the outside the vein of flow of the air flow passing through the compressor.
  • Such a compressor is subject to pumping.
  • Pumping is a phenomenon that is sought to minimize within a turbomachine since it results in sudden oscillations of air pressure and air flow, which subject the compressor blades to mechanical stresses. considerable risks that may lead to their weakening or even their rupture. This phenomenon occurs especially at the blade head, at the level of the air boundary layer present between the blade heads and the compressor housing and is translated locally by lower pressure pockets.
  • the reinjection of the air taken from the flow passage is generally done by means of air injectors which are mounted in housings provided for this purpose on the casing surrounding the blades.
  • these air injectors are parts regularly angularly spaced from each other and each provided with an internal channel air injection opening, on one side in the flow path of the compressor, and on the other side to an air supply duct connected to the recirculation circuit.
  • the known solutions consist either of mounting the air injectors in their housing by a tight fit type H7p6, or to real estate air injectors in their housing by means of screws.
  • the mounting of the air injectors by a tight fit has the main drawback disassembly of these injectors which is made impossible without causing damage to the housing.
  • the maintenance of the injectors by means of screws it poses problems of application with regard to the size and the number of screws necessary (one to two screws by injector of air), not to mention the congestion which one would have to be able to have to insert a self-braking means on the housing.
  • a turbomachine compressor comprising a first casing delimiting externally a flow vein of a gaseous flow passing through the compressor, a second casing centered on the longitudinal axis of the compressor and arranged around the first casing, making allowance with that an annular space, at least one internal air injection channel opening radially, on one side into the flow passage of the gas flow passing through the compressor and, on the other, into the annular space formed between the housings, and a plurality of air injectors formed at an upstream longitudinal end of the first housing and regularly spaced from each other.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to overcome such disadvantages by providing a compressor in which the position of the air injectors is reliable while maintaining the possibility of being able to disassemble them.
  • the invention has the advantage of providing a positional maintenance of all the air injectors in their respective housing by a simple mechanical pinch of the injectors between the two housings. In the absence of tight adjustments in the assembly, it is thus possible to replace the air injectors without causing damage to the crankcase. This results in simplified maintenance.
  • the first casing comprises bosses formed between the housings and whose outer face is on the one hand projecting with respect to the outer face of the first casing, and on the other hand recessed with respect to the outer face of the flanges.
  • the clamping means upstream of the air injectors, comprising at least one fixing screw which passes radially through the second housing and which is screwed onto one of the bosses of the first housing.
  • Each air injector may further comprise at a downstream longitudinal end, a downstream flange having an inner face bearing radially against a downstream flange of the corresponding housing of the first housing.
  • each air injector also comprises lateral flanges connecting the upstream flange to the downstream flange, these lateral flanges each having an inner face bearing radially against a lateral flange of the corresponding housing of the first housing. The presence of these lateral flanges avoids any form of parasitic introduction of the air for injection by a path other than that defined by the internal channels of air injection.
  • the invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a compressor as defined above, the latter being able to constitute a high-pressure compressor of the turbomachine.
  • the figure 1 partially represents a turbomachine 10 of longitudinal axis 12. From upstream to downstream (in the direction of flow of the gas flows therethrough), the turbomachine comprises a fan 14, a low-pressure compressor 16, a high-pressure compressor 18 , a combustion chamber 20 and a turbine (not shown).
  • Each compressor and in particular the high-pressure compressor 18, comprises several compression stages, each stage being composed of a row (or grid) of fixed vanes 22 followed by a row of moving vanes 24. blades 22, 24 are arranged in a flow channel 26 for the flow of air passing through the compressor, this flow being defined radially on the outside by an annular envelope 28.
  • the envelope 28 surrounding the rows of blades 22, 24 of the compressor comprises one or more openings 30 opening in the vein 26 (by the right or just downstream of the blade head of a compressor. compressor stage) and opening into an annular diffusion duct 32 centered on the longitudinal axis 12 and surrounding the casing.
  • This diffusion duct 32 is connected via one or more tubes 34 to an annular sampling duct 36 also centered on the longitudinal axis 12.
  • the diffusion duct 32 opens upstream into the duct 26, for example into direction of the moving blade head of another stage of the compressor, via a plurality of air injectors 38 described hereinafter in connection with the Figures 2 to 5 .
  • the casing 28 surrounding the rows of blades of the compressor consists of a first casing 28a forming an injector support and a second casing 28b disposed around the first casing.
  • the first housing 28a is sectored, that is to say it consists of a plurality of annular housing segments put end-to-end.
  • These two housings 28a, 28b are centered on the longitudinal axis 12 of the turbomachine and are spaced radially from one another to form between them an annular space 40 which opens into the diffusion duct 32.
  • the first housing 28a At its upstream end (with respect to the direction of flow of the gas flow through the compressor), the first housing 28a has a plurality of housings 42 regularly spaced from each other, each housing 42 having an upstream flange 44 and a flange downstream 46. In these housings are mounted the air injectors 38.
  • Each air injector 38 comprises at least one internal air injection channel 48 which opens radially, on one side into the flow line 26 of the gas flow passing through the compressor and on the other side into the space ring 40 formed between the casings 28a, 28b. This air injection channel is thus supplied with air by the diffusion duct 32.
  • each air injector 38 comprises at its longitudinal end downstream a flange (or spoiler) 50 whose inner face 50a bears against the downstream flange 46 of the corresponding housing of the first housing.
  • Each air injector 38 also comprises at its upstream longitudinal end an upstream rim (or spoiler) 52 having an inner face 52a bearing radially against the upstream edge 44 of the corresponding housing of the first housing and an outer face 52b bearing radially against an inner face of the second housing 28b.
  • an upstream rim (or spoiler) 52 having an inner face 52a bearing radially against the upstream edge 44 of the corresponding housing of the first housing and an outer face 52b bearing radially against an inner face of the second housing 28b.
  • These flanges 50, 52 make it possible in particular to participate in the radial positioning of the injectors 38 on the first casing 28a and constitute obstacles to the parasitic passage of air via a path other than that provided by the internal air injection channels 48.
  • the air injectors 38 are held in position in their respective housings 42 of the first housing 28a by means of clamping their upstream flange 52.
  • the first housing 28a comprises bosses 54 which are formed at the upstream end between the housings 42 of the air injectors. These bosses have an outer face which is, on the one hand protruding radially from the outer face of the first housing, and secondly radially recessed with respect to the outer face 52b of the upstream flanges 52 of the air injectors. .
  • the outer face 52b of the upstream flanges 52 of the air injectors project radially relative to the bosses 54 of the first casing when the air injectors are mounted in their housings (this difference in level is shown schematically by the h rating on the figure 3 ).
  • at least one of these bosses has a threaded hole 56.
  • a fixing screw 58 which passes radially through the second casing 28b from one side to the other is screwed into this bore 56.
  • This screw makes it possible to fix the second casing 28b on the first casing 28a. It also allows the housings 28a, 28b to exert a radial clamping force of the upstream flange 52 of each air injector 38 mounted in the housing 42 of the first housing.
  • fixing screws 58 may vary. Preferably, these are regularly distributed over the entire circumference of the compressor.
  • the air injectors 38 'of the compressor 10' partially shown on the figure 5 have the particularity of having lateral flanges (or spoilers) 60 which connect the downstream flange 50 to the upstream flange 52 of the injectors.
  • These lateral flanges each have an inner face which bears radially against a lateral rim 62 of the corresponding housing 42 'of the first casing 28a.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Description

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine général des compresseurs de turbomachine. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un compresseur haute-pression de turbomachine dans lequel est prévue une recirculation d'air visant à limiter le phénomène de pompage.The present invention relates to the general field of turbomachine compressors. It relates more particularly to a high-pressure compressor turbomachine in which is provided an air recirculation to limit the phenomenon of pumping.

Un compresseur de turbomachine comprend plusieurs étages successifs de compression, chaque étage de compression se composant d'une rangée (ou grille) d'aubes fixes suivie d'une rangée d'aubes mobiles. Un carter annulaire entoure les rangées d'aubes et délimite à l'extérieur la veine d'écoulement du flux d'air traversant le compresseur.A turbomachine compressor comprises several successive stages of compression, each compression stage consisting of a row (or grid) of fixed vanes followed by a row of moving blades. An annular casing surrounds the rows of blades and delimits on the outside the vein of flow of the air flow passing through the compressor.

Un tel compresseur est sujet au pompage. Le pompage est un phénomène que l'on cherche à minimiser au sein d'une turbomachine puisqu'il se traduit par des oscillations brutales de la pression d'air et du débit d'air, qui soumettent les aubes du compresseur à des contraintes mécaniques considérables pouvant conduire à leur fragilisation, voire à leur rupture. Ce phénomène intervient notamment en tête d'aube, au niveau de la couche limite d'air présente entre la tête des aubes et le carter du compresseur et se traduit localement par des poches de pression plus faible.Such a compressor is subject to pumping. Pumping is a phenomenon that is sought to minimize within a turbomachine since it results in sudden oscillations of air pressure and air flow, which subject the compressor blades to mechanical stresses. considerable risks that may lead to their weakening or even their rupture. This phenomenon occurs especially at the blade head, at the level of the air boundary layer present between the blade heads and the compressor housing and is translated locally by lower pressure pockets.

L'une des solutions connues pour minimiser ce phénomène est de prévoir une recirculation d'air au sein du compresseur. A cet effet, de l'air est généralement prélevé dans la veine d'écoulement du compresseur au droit (ou juste en aval) de la tête d'aubes mobiles d'un étage du compresseur. Cet air prélevé transite alors dans un conduit avant d'être réinjecté plus en amont dans la veine d'écoulement, par exemple en amont et en direction de la tête d'aubes mobiles d'un autre étage du compresseur. On pourra par exemple se référer aux documents US 2005/0226717 et US 5,474,417 qui décrivent des exemples de réalisation d'une telle recirculation d'air.One of the known solutions to minimize this phenomenon is to provide a recirculation of air within the compressor. For this purpose, air is generally drawn into the flow passage of the compressor to the right (or just downstream) of the blade head of a compressor stage. This sampled air then passes through a duct before being reinjected further upstream into the flow duct, for example upstream and towards the moving blade head of another stage of the compressor. For example, we can refer to documents US 2005/0226717 and US 5,474,417 which describe exemplary embodiments of such an air recirculation.

La réinjection de l'air prélevé dans la veine d'écoulement se fait généralement au moyen d'injecteurs d'air qui sont montés dans des logements prévus à cet effet sur le carter entourant les aubes. Typiquement, ces injecteurs d'air sont des pièces régulièrement espacées angulairement les unes des autres et munies chacune d'un canal interne d'injection d'air débouchant, d'un côté dans la veine d'écoulement du compresseur, et de l'autre côté vers un conduit d'alimentation en air relié au circuit de recirculation d'air.The reinjection of the air taken from the flow passage is generally done by means of air injectors which are mounted in housings provided for this purpose on the casing surrounding the blades. Typically, these air injectors are parts regularly angularly spaced from each other and each provided with an internal channel air injection opening, on one side in the flow path of the compressor, and on the other side to an air supply duct connected to the recirculation circuit.

Le maintien en position de ces injecteurs d'air sur le carter du compresseur pose des problèmes. En effet, les solutions connues consistent soit à monter les injecteurs d'air dans leur logement par un ajustement serré de type H7p6, soit à immobilier les injecteurs d'air dans leur logement au moyen de vis. Or, le montage des injecteurs d'air par un ajustement serré a pour principal inconvénient le démontage de ces injecteurs qui est rendu impossible sans causer de dommages au carter. Quant au maintien des injecteurs au moyen de vis, il pose des problèmes d'application au regard de la taille et du nombre de vis nécessaires (une à deux vis par injecteur d'air), sans compter l'encombrement dont il faudrait pouvoir disposer pour insérer un moyen auto-freinant sur le carter.Keeping these air injectors in position on the compressor casing poses problems. In fact, the known solutions consist either of mounting the air injectors in their housing by a tight fit type H7p6, or to real estate air injectors in their housing by means of screws. However, the mounting of the air injectors by a tight fit has the main drawback disassembly of these injectors which is made impossible without causing damage to the housing. As for the maintenance of the injectors by means of screws, it poses problems of application with regard to the size and the number of screws necessary (one to two screws by injector of air), not to mention the congestion which one would have to be able to have to insert a self-braking means on the housing.

Le document WO 98/16747 décrit an compresseur de turbomachine, comprenant un premier carter délimitant à l'extérieur une veine d'écoulement d'un flux gazeux traversant le compresseur, un second carter centré sur l'axe longitudinal du compresseur et disposé autour du premier carter en ménageant avec celui-ci un espace annulaire, au moins un canal interne d'injection d'air débouchant radialement, d'un côté dans la veine d'écoulement du flux gazeux traversant le compresseur et de l'autre, dans l'espace annulaire formé entre les carters, et une pluralité d' injecteurs d'air formés à une extrémité longitudinale amont du premier carter et régulièrement espacés les uns des autres.The document WO 98/16747 described in a turbomachine compressor, comprising a first casing delimiting externally a flow vein of a gaseous flow passing through the compressor, a second casing centered on the longitudinal axis of the compressor and arranged around the first casing, making allowance with that an annular space, at least one internal air injection channel opening radially, on one side into the flow passage of the gas flow passing through the compressor and, on the other, into the annular space formed between the housings, and a plurality of air injectors formed at an upstream longitudinal end of the first housing and regularly spaced from each other.

Objet et résumé de l'inventionObject and summary of the invention

La présente invention a donc pour but principal de pallier de tels inconvénients en proposant un compresseur dans lequel le maintien en position des injecteurs d'air est fiable tout en conservant la possibilité de pouvoir les démonter.The main purpose of the present invention is to overcome such disadvantages by providing a compressor in which the position of the air injectors is reliable while maintaining the possibility of being able to disassemble them.

Ce but est atteint grâce à un compresseur de turbomachine, comprenant :

  • un premier carter formant support d'injecteurs centré sur un axe longitudinal du compresseur et délimitant à l'extérieur une veine d'écoulement d'un flux gazeux traversant le compresseur ;
  • un second carter centré sur l'axe longitudinal du compresseur et disposé autour du premier carter en ménageant avec celui-ci un espace annulaire ; et
  • une pluralité d'injecteurs d'air montés chacun dans des logements de forme correspondante formés à une extrémité longitudinale amont du premier carter et régulièrement espacés les uns des autres, chaque injecteur d'air ayant :
    • au moins un canal interne d'injection d'air débouchant radialement, d'un côté dans la veine d'écoulement du flux gazeux traversant le compresseur et de l'autre, dans l'espace annulaire formé entre les carters, et
    • à une extrémité longitudinale amont, un rebord amont ayant une face intérieure venant en appui radial contre un rebord amont du logement correspondant du premier carter et une face extérieure venant en appui radial contre une face intérieure du second carter ;
  • des moyens de pincement du rebord amont des injecteurs d'air entre les carters afin de maintenir les injecteurs d'air en position dans les logements du premier carter.
This object is achieved by means of a turbomachine compressor, comprising:
  • a first nozzle support housing centered on a longitudinal axis of the compressor and defining on the outside a flow line of a gas flow passing through the compressor;
  • a second casing centered on the longitudinal axis of the compressor and arranged around the first casing by providing with it an annular space; and
  • a plurality of air injectors each mounted in correspondingly shaped housings formed at an upstream longitudinal end of the first housing and regularly spaced from each other, each air injector having:
    • at least one internal air injection channel opening radially, on one side in the flow passage of the gas flow passing through the compressor and on the other in the annular space formed between the housings, and
    • at an upstream longitudinal end, an upstream flange having an inner face bearing radially against an upstream flange of the corresponding housing of the first housing and an outer face bearing radially against an inner face of the second housing;
  • clamping means of the upstream flange of the air injectors between the housings to maintain the air injectors in position in the housing of the first housing.

L'invention présente l'avantage de prévoir un maintien en position de l'ensemble des injecteurs d'air dans leur logement respectif par un simple pincement mécanique des injecteurs entre les deux carters. En l'absence d'ajustements serrés dans l'assemblage, il est ainsi possible de pouvoir remplacer les injecteurs d'air sans causer de dommages aux carters. Il en résulte une maintenance simplifiée.The invention has the advantage of providing a positional maintenance of all the air injectors in their respective housing by a simple mechanical pinch of the injectors between the two housings. In the absence of tight adjustments in the assembly, it is thus possible to replace the air injectors without causing damage to the crankcase. This results in simplified maintenance.

Avantageusement, le premier carter comprend des bossages formés entre les logements et dont la face extérieure est, d'une part en saillie par rapport à la face extérieure du premier carter, et d'autre part en retrait par rapport à la face extérieure des rebords amont des injecteurs d'air, les moyens de pincement comprenant au moins une vis de fixation qui traverse radialement le second carter et qui est vissée sur l'un des bossages du premier carter.Advantageously, the first casing comprises bosses formed between the housings and whose outer face is on the one hand projecting with respect to the outer face of the first casing, and on the other hand recessed with respect to the outer face of the flanges. upstream of the air injectors, the clamping means comprising at least one fixing screw which passes radially through the second housing and which is screwed onto one of the bosses of the first housing.

Chaque injecteur d'air peut comprendre en outre à une extrémité longitudinale aval, un rebord aval ayant une face intérieure venant en appui radial contre un rebord aval du logement correspondant du premier carter. Dans ce cas, de façon avantageuse, chaque injecteur d'air comprend également des rebords latéraux reliant le rebord amont au rebord aval, ces rebords latéraux ayant chacun une face intérieure venant en appui radial contre un rebord latéral du logement correspondant du premier carter. La présence de ces rebords latéraux permet d'éviter toute forme d'introduction parasite de l'air destiné à l'injection par une autre voie que celle définie par les canaux internes d'injection d'air.Each air injector may further comprise at a downstream longitudinal end, a downstream flange having an inner face bearing radially against a downstream flange of the corresponding housing of the first housing. In this case, advantageously, each air injector also comprises lateral flanges connecting the upstream flange to the downstream flange, these lateral flanges each having an inner face bearing radially against a lateral flange of the corresponding housing of the first housing. The presence of these lateral flanges avoids any form of parasitic introduction of the air for injection by a path other than that defined by the internal channels of air injection.

L'invention a également pour objet une turbomachine comprenant un compresseur tel que défini précédemment, ce dernier pouvant constituer un compresseur haute-pression de la turbomachine.The invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a compressor as defined above, the latter being able to constitute a high-pressure compressor of the turbomachine.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description faite ci-dessous, en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent un exemple de réalisation dépourvu de tout caractère limitatif. Sur les figures :

  • la figure 1 est une coupe longitudinale montrant de façon schématique et dans son environnement un compresseur haute-pression de turbomachine selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue partielle, en perspective et en éclaté du compresseur selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues en coupe du compresseur assemblé de la figure 2, respectivement selon III-III et IV-IV ; et
  • la figure 5 est une vue partielle, en perspective et en éclaté d'un compresseur selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description given below, with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate an embodiment having no limiting character. In the figures:
  • the figure 1 is a longitudinal section schematically showing in its environment a high-pressure turbomachine compressor according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a partial perspective and exploded view of the compressor according to the invention;
  • the figures 3 and 4 are sectional views of the compressor assembled from the figure 2 respectively according to III-III and IV-IV; and
  • the figure 5 is a partial view, in perspective and exploded of a compressor according to another embodiment of the invention.

Description détaillée de modes de réalisationDetailed description of embodiments

La figure 1 représente partiellement une turbomachine 10 d'axe longitudinal 12. D'amont en aval (dans le sens d'écoulement des flux gazeux la traversant), la turbomachine comprend une soufflante 14, un compresseur basse-pression 16, un compresseur haute-pression 18, une chambre de combustion 20 et une turbine (non représentée).The figure 1 partially represents a turbomachine 10 of longitudinal axis 12. From upstream to downstream (in the direction of flow of the gas flows therethrough), the turbomachine comprises a fan 14, a low-pressure compressor 16, a high-pressure compressor 18 , a combustion chamber 20 and a turbine (not shown).

Chaque compresseur, et en particulier le compresseur haute-pression 18, comporte plusieurs étages de compression, chaque étage étant composé d'une rangée (ou grille) d'aubes fixes 22 suivie d'une rangée d'aubes mobiles 24. Ces rangées d'aubes 22, 24 sont disposées dans une veine 26 d'écoulement du flux d'air traversant le compresseur, cette veine étant délimitée radialement à l'extérieur par une enveloppe annulaire 28.Each compressor, and in particular the high-pressure compressor 18, comprises several compression stages, each stage being composed of a row (or grid) of fixed vanes 22 followed by a row of moving vanes 24. blades 22, 24 are arranged in a flow channel 26 for the flow of air passing through the compressor, this flow being defined radially on the outside by an annular envelope 28.

Afin de minimiser le phénomène de pompage au sein du compresseur haute-pression 18, il est prévu de prélever dans la veine 26 une fraction de l'air traversant le compresseur pour le réinjecter plus en amont dans la veine.In order to minimize the pumping phenomenon within the high-pressure compressor 18, it is planned to take a fraction of the air passing through the compressor in the vein 26 and reinject it further upstream into the vein.

A cet effet, l'enveloppe 28 entourant les rangées d'aubes 22, 24 du compresseur comporte une ou plusieurs ouvertures 30 s'ouvrant dans la veine 26 (par au droit ou juste en aval de la tête d'aubes mobiles d'un étage du compresseur) et débouchant dans un conduit annulaire de diffusion 32 centré sur l'axe longitudinal 12 et entourant l'enveloppe.For this purpose, the envelope 28 surrounding the rows of blades 22, 24 of the compressor comprises one or more openings 30 opening in the vein 26 (by the right or just downstream of the blade head of a compressor. compressor stage) and opening into an annular diffusion duct 32 centered on the longitudinal axis 12 and surrounding the casing.

Ce conduit de diffusion 32 est relié par l'intermédiaire d'un ou plusieurs tubes 34 à un conduit annulaire de prélèvement 36 également centré sur l'axe longitudinal 12. Le conduit de diffusion 32 débouche en amont dans la veine 26, par exemple en direction de la tête d'aubes mobiles d'un autre étage du compresseur, par l'intermédiaire d'une pluralité d'injecteurs d'air 38 décrits ci-après en liaison avec les figures 2 à 5.This diffusion duct 32 is connected via one or more tubes 34 to an annular sampling duct 36 also centered on the longitudinal axis 12. The diffusion duct 32 opens upstream into the duct 26, for example into direction of the moving blade head of another stage of the compressor, via a plurality of air injectors 38 described hereinafter in connection with the Figures 2 to 5 .

Comme représenté sur les figures 2 à 4, l'enveloppe 28 entourant les rangées d'aubes du compresseur se compose d'un premier carter 28a formant support d'injecteurs et d'un second carter 28b disposé autour du premier carter. Le premier carter 28a est sectorisé, c'est-à-dire qu'il se compose d'une pluralité de segments annulaires de carter mis bout-à-bout.As shown on Figures 2 to 4 , the casing 28 surrounding the rows of blades of the compressor consists of a first casing 28a forming an injector support and a second casing 28b disposed around the first casing. The first housing 28a is sectored, that is to say it consists of a plurality of annular housing segments put end-to-end.

Ces deux carters 28a, 28b sont centrés sur l'axe longitudinal 12 de la turbomachine et sont espacés radialement l'un de l'autre pour ménager entre eux un espace annulaire 40 qui débouche dans le conduit de diffusion 32.These two housings 28a, 28b are centered on the longitudinal axis 12 of the turbomachine and are spaced radially from one another to form between them an annular space 40 which opens into the diffusion duct 32.

Au niveau de son extrémité amont (par rapport au sens d'écoulement du flux gazeux traversant le compresseur), le premier carter 28a comporte une pluralité de logements 42 régulièrement espacés les uns des autres, chaque logement 42 ayant un rebord amont 44 et un rebord aval 46. Dans ces logements sont montés les injecteurs d'air 38.At its upstream end (with respect to the direction of flow of the gas flow through the compressor), the first housing 28a has a plurality of housings 42 regularly spaced from each other, each housing 42 having an upstream flange 44 and a flange downstream 46. In these housings are mounted the air injectors 38.

Chaque injecteur d'air 38 comprend au moins un canal interne d'injection d'air 48 qui débouche radialement, d'un côté dans la veine 26 d'écoulement du flux gazeux traversant le compresseur et de l'autre, dans l'espace annulaire 40 formé entre les carters 28a, 28b. Ce canal d'injection d'air est donc alimenté en air par le conduit de diffusion 32.Each air injector 38 comprises at least one internal air injection channel 48 which opens radially, on one side into the flow line 26 of the gas flow passing through the compressor and on the other side into the space ring 40 formed between the casings 28a, 28b. This air injection channel is thus supplied with air by the diffusion duct 32.

Par ailleurs, chaque injecteur d'air 38 comprend au niveau de son extrémité longitudinale aval un rebord (ou becquet) aval 50 dont la face intérieure 50a vient en appui contre le rebord aval 46 du logement correspondant du premier carter.Furthermore, each air injector 38 comprises at its longitudinal end downstream a flange (or spoiler) 50 whose inner face 50a bears against the downstream flange 46 of the corresponding housing of the first housing.

Chaque injecteur d'air 38 comprend également à son extrémité longitudinale amont un rebord (ou becquet) amont 52 ayant une face intérieure 52a venant en appui radial contre le rebord amont 44 du logement correspondant du premier carter et une face extérieure 52b venant en appui radial contre une face intérieure du second carter 28b.Each air injector 38 also comprises at its upstream longitudinal end an upstream rim (or spoiler) 52 having an inner face 52a bearing radially against the upstream edge 44 of the corresponding housing of the first housing and an outer face 52b bearing radially against an inner face of the second housing 28b.

Ces rebords 50, 52 permettent notamment de participer au positionnement radial des injecteurs 38 sur le premier carter 28a et constituent des obstacles au passage parasite de l'air par un trajet autre que celui prévu par les canaux internes d'injection d'air 48.These flanges 50, 52 make it possible in particular to participate in the radial positioning of the injectors 38 on the first casing 28a and constitute obstacles to the parasitic passage of air via a path other than that provided by the internal air injection channels 48.

Selon l'invention, les injecteurs d'air 38 sont maintenus en position dans leurs logements 42 respectifs du premier carter 28a par des moyens de pincement de leur rebord amont 52.According to the invention, the air injectors 38 are held in position in their respective housings 42 of the first housing 28a by means of clamping their upstream flange 52.

A cet effet, comme représenté sur la figure 2, le premier carter 28a comprend des bossages 54 qui sont formés à l'extrémité amont entre les logements 42 des injecteurs d'air. Ces bossages présentent une face extérieure qui est, d'une part en saillie radialement par rapport à la face extérieure du premier carter, et d'autre part en retrait radialement par rapport à la face extérieure 52b des rebords amont 52 des injecteurs d'air.For this purpose, as shown on the figure 2 , the first housing 28a comprises bosses 54 which are formed at the upstream end between the housings 42 of the air injectors. These bosses have an outer face which is, on the one hand protruding radially from the outer face of the first housing, and secondly radially recessed with respect to the outer face 52b of the upstream flanges 52 of the air injectors. .

En d'autres termes, la face extérieure 52b des rebords amont 52 des injecteurs d'air est en saillie radialement par rapport aux bossages 54 du premier carter lorsque les injecteurs d'air sont montés dans leurs logements (cette différence de niveau est schématisée par la cote h sur la figure 3). Par ailleurs, au moins l'un de ces bossages présente un perçage taraudé 56.In other words, the outer face 52b of the upstream flanges 52 of the air injectors project radially relative to the bosses 54 of the first casing when the air injectors are mounted in their housings (this difference in level is shown schematically by the h rating on the figure 3 ). Moreover, at least one of these bosses has a threaded hole 56.

Comme représenté sur la figure 4, une vis de fixation 58 qui traverse radialement le second carter 28b de part en part est vissée dans ce perçage 56. Cette vis permet de fixer le second carter 28b sur le premier carter 28a. Elle permet également aux carters 28a, 28b d'exercer un effort de pincement radial du rebord amont 52 de chaque injecteur d'air 38 monté dans les logements 42 du premier carter. En effet, comme le rebord amont 52 des injecteurs d'air 38 est en saillie radialement par rapport aux bossages 54, on comprend aisément que le serrage de la vis de fixation 58 va provoquer un effort de pincement de ces rebords amont entre la face intérieure du second carter 28b et le rebord amont 44 respectif des logements du premier carter 28a. Ainsi, l'ensemble des injecteurs d'air 38 du compresseur sont maintenus en position entre les deux carters 28a, 28b.As shown on the figure 4 , a fixing screw 58 which passes radially through the second casing 28b from one side to the other is screwed into this bore 56. This screw makes it possible to fix the second casing 28b on the first casing 28a. It also allows the housings 28a, 28b to exert a radial clamping force of the upstream flange 52 of each air injector 38 mounted in the housing 42 of the first housing. Indeed, as the upstream edge 52 of the air injectors 38 is projecting radially relative to the bosses 54, it is easily understood that the tightening of the fixing screw 58 will cause a clamping force of these upstream edges between the inner face of the second casing 28b and the respective upstream rim 44 of the housing of the first casing 28a. Thus, all of the air injectors 38 of the compressor are held in position between the two casings 28a, 28b.

On notera que le nombre de vis de fixation 58 peut varier. De préférence, celles-ci sont régulièrement réparties sur toute la circonférence du compresseur. En outre, des vis de fixation complémentaire 58' peuvent également être vissées au travers du second carter 28b au niveau de l'extrémité aval de celui-ci (voir la figure 4).Note that the number of fixing screws 58 may vary. Preferably, these are regularly distributed over the entire circumference of the compressor. In addition, complementary fixing screws 58 'can also be screwed through the second casing 28b at the downstream end thereof (see FIG. figure 4 ).

En liaison avec la figure 5, on décrira maintenant un autre mode de réalisation du compresseur selon l'invention.In connection with the figure 5 another embodiment of the compressor according to the invention will now be described.

Par rapport au mode de réalisation précédemment décrit, les injecteurs d'air 38' du compresseur 10' partiellement représenté sur la figure 5 ont la particularité de comporter des rebords (ou becquets) latéraux 60 qui relient le rebord aval 50 au rebord amont 52 des injecteurs. Ces rebords latéraux présentent chacun une face intérieure qui vient en appui radial contre un rebord latéral 62 du logement 42' correspondant du premier carter 28a.With respect to the embodiment previously described, the air injectors 38 'of the compressor 10' partially shown on the figure 5 have the particularity of having lateral flanges (or spoilers) 60 which connect the downstream flange 50 to the upstream flange 52 of the injectors. These lateral flanges each have an inner face which bears radially against a lateral rim 62 of the corresponding housing 42 'of the first casing 28a.

La présence de ces rebords latéraux en plus des rebords amont 52 et aval 50 permet d'éviter toute forme d'introduction parasite de l'air destiné à l'injection par une autre voie que celle définie par les canaux internes d'injection d'air 48 des injecteurs d'air 38'.The presence of these lateral flanges in addition to the upstream flanges 52 and downstream 50 avoids any form of parasitic introduction of the air for injection by a route other than that defined by the internal injection channels of air 48 of the air injectors 38 '.

Claims (7)

  1. A turbine engine compressor (10, 10') comprising:
    a first housing (28a) forming a support of injectors centered on a longitudinal axis (12) of the compressor and delimiting on the outside an outflow jet (26) of a gas flow crossing the compressor;
    a second housing (28b) centered on the longitudinal axis of the compressor and positioned around the first housing by arranging with the latter an annular space (40); and
    a plurality of air injectors (38, 38') each mounted in recesses (42, 42') of matching shape formed at an upstream longitudinal end of the first housing and regularly spaced apart from each other, each air injector having:
    at least one internal air injection channel (48) opening out radially, on one side of the outflow jet of the gas flow crossing the compressor and on the other side into the annular space formed between the housings, and
    at an upstream longitudinal end, an upstream rim (52) having an inner surface (52a) radially bearing against an upstream rim (44) of the corresponding recess of the first housing and an outer surface (52b) radially bearing against an inner surface of the second housing;
    means for clamping the upstream rim (52) of the air injectors between the housings in order to maintain the air injectors in position in the recesses of the first housing.
  2. The compressor according to claim 1, wherein the first housing (28a) comprises bosses (54) formed between the recesses (42, 42') and the outer surface of which protrudes relatively to the outer surface of the first housing (28a) on the one hand and is set back relatively to the outer surface (52b) of the upstream rims (52) of the air injectors (38, 38') on the other hand, the clamping means comprising at least one fixing screw (58) which radially crosses the second housing (28b) and which is screwed onto one of the bosses of the first housing (28a).
  3. The compressor according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein each air injector (38, 38') further comprises at one downstream longitudinal end, a downstream rim (50) having an inner surface (50a) radially bearing against a downstream rim (46) of the corresponding recess (42, 42') of the first housing (28a).
  4. The compressor according to claim 3, wherein each air injector (38') further comprises side rims (60) connecting the upstream rim (52) to the downstream rim (50), these side rims each having an inner surface radially bearing against a side rim (62) of the recess (42') of the corresponding first housing (28a).
  5. The compressor according to any of claims 1 to 4, further including an annular diffusion conduit (32) centered on the longitudinal axis (12) of the compressor, positioned around the second housing (28b) and into which opens out the annular space (40) formed between the housings (28a, 28b).
  6. The compressor according to any of claims 1 to 5, forming a high pressure compressor.
  7. A turbine engine comprising at least one compressor (10, 10') according to any of claims 1 to 6.
EP10762738.2A 2009-08-31 2010-08-20 Turbine engine compressor having air injectors Active EP2473741B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0955922A FR2949518B1 (en) 2009-08-31 2009-08-31 TURBOMACHINE COMPRESSOR HAVING AIR INJECTORS
PCT/FR2010/051744 WO2011023891A1 (en) 2009-08-31 2010-08-20 Turbine engine compressor having air injectors

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EP2473741A1 EP2473741A1 (en) 2012-07-11
EP2473741B1 true EP2473741B1 (en) 2018-10-03

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EP (1) EP2473741B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5686809B2 (en)
CN (1) CN102483070B (en)
BR (1) BR112012004470B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2772054C (en)
FR (1) FR2949518B1 (en)
RU (1) RU2561838C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2011023891A1 (en)

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BR112012004470A2 (en) 2020-08-11
CA2772054A1 (en) 2011-03-03
RU2012112476A (en) 2013-10-10
WO2011023891A1 (en) 2011-03-03
US20120201654A1 (en) 2012-08-09
CN102483070A (en) 2012-05-30
FR2949518B1 (en) 2011-10-21
US9074605B2 (en) 2015-07-07
BR112012004470B1 (en) 2021-01-26
FR2949518A1 (en) 2011-03-04
JP5686809B2 (en) 2015-03-18
CN102483070B (en) 2015-05-06
EP2473741A1 (en) 2012-07-11
CA2772054C (en) 2017-01-17
JP2013503292A (en) 2013-01-31
RU2561838C2 (en) 2015-09-10

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