EP2473732A2

EP2473732A2 - Flow-through turbine with turning blades

Info

Publication number: EP2473732A2
Application number: EP10766131A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter Varga
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2009-09-03
Filing date: 2010-09-02
Publication date: 2012-07-11
Also published as: SK287751B6; WO2011028187A3; WO2011028187A2; SK50582009A3

Abstract

Flow-through turbine with turning blades works on the principle of the rotor (3), advantageously another rotor (3) and with using the stator (1 ), in which the rotor (3) is placed and rotates. The rotor (3) with at least one border element (3) delimits, together with at least two blades (4.1 ), advantageously shaped, non- sealed working space (9.1 ), (9.2) of the rotor (3), in which at least two blades are rotating (4.1 ). Flow of the fluid (2) into the working space (9.1 ), (9.2) of the rotor (3) sets the blades (4.1 ) of the rotor (3), placed on outside perimeter of the rotor (3) into rotation motion in such manner that it put up pressure on at least two blades (4.1 ), advantageously shaped, when these lean individually in the starting position against at least one stopper (3.2), placed towards the centre of the rotor (3), kinetic energy of the fluid (2) is transformed to rotary motion of the turbine and its shaft (3.3), then, according to design of the turbine, in approx. 180° rotation of the rotor (3), tilts after working space (9.1 ) in the dead point and with minimum resistance in the direction of flowing fluid (2), its turbulences, effects of hydrodynamic shape of the blade (4.1) wing in cross-section and effect of centrifugal rotary forces of rotating rotor (3), by its rotation approx. by 180°, they move in non-working space (9.2) of the rotor (3) into starting position.

Description

Flow-through turbine with turning blades

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to slowly revolving flow-through turbines and is focused on conceptual change in turbine design and ensuring and realizing events in turbine operation.

Description of the related art

Turbines are rotary devices, which transforms kinetic, thermal and pressure energy of flowing liquid to rotary motion of machine's shaft. Transformation of energy takes place is blade grid, composing of blades on one or several rotating rotors. Flow of liquid through or among blades induces force effect on them and this initiates rotation of the rotor. Then rotary motion of the rotor is used by means of gearing (e.g. for driving a generator, which transforms rotary motion to electric current).

According to turbines usage, turbines are divided into hydraulic (water turbines are best known), gas, steam and wind one. Utilization of water turbines for electric energy production belongs among renewable sources of energy.

First know utilization of kinetic energy of liquids included invention of water wheel, wide-spread till recent past, but its development has stopped in last decades on theoretical as well as realization basis.

By use of hydraulic turbines, we divide them into such, which require building liquid reservoirs and feeding of directed flow of liquid (in particular Kaplan, Francis, Pelton, Banki-Ossberger turbines are used) and such, which does not require them (undersea and river, placed into liquid current - Gorlov, axial two- and three-arms propellers submerged under water - Seaflow, axial Verdant, cycloid Verdant turbine, S-turbine of Fred Sundermann, Neo-Aerodynamic turbine, turbine in the shape of multi-blade propeller with free centre).

By turbine velocity, we distinguish: fast-revolving turbines: (Kaplan, Francis, Pelton) and slow-revolving turbines (Banki-Ossberger), where also undersea and river turbines for sea or river currents are included: turbines - Gorlov, Seaflow, cycloid Verdant turbine, S-turbine, Neo-Aerodynamic turbine, turbine in the shape of multi-blade propeller with free centre, and also multi-blade propellers in floating buoy (so-called Strom-Boje) or SDM - "Staudruckmaschine" (dynamic pressure machine) turbine. By pressure, we divide turbines into: over-pressure - pressure on inlet is high and drops to outlet from turbine - (Kaplan, Francis) and equal-pressure - pressure does not change during flow through turbine (Pelton, Banki and turbines placed in river or sea current).

Fast-revolving turbines are distinguished by flow-rate and fall height: Kaplan (small height, high flow-rate), Francis (medium height as well as flow-rate), Pelton (high height, small flow-rate). Kaplan turbine has axial arrangement of blades, water is fed from small height perpendicularly to them, but under high flow-rate, blades are revolving. Francis turbine is based on Foumeyron turbine, has radially arranged revolving rounded blades, uses medium height of water feeding and medium flow- rate. Pelton turbine has also radially arranged rounded blades, uses high fall height and small flow-rate. Banki-Ossberger turbine has tangentially/radially arranged rounded blades, uses small fall height and small water volume. It is slow-revolving, flow-through, meaning that water runs through blades into cylinder and from it, on the opposite side, outwards through blades, kinetic energy is giving over such work ^' in the ratio of 2:1 for inlet and outlet. The advantage of Banki-Ossberger turbine is its self-cleaning ability.

Pelton, Francis, Kaplan as well as Banki-Ossberger turbines are realized in hydro power plants and require construction of dams. Investment costs for construction of dams, turbines, regulators and generators are relatively high. Share of investment costs for turbines and generators to total costs is approx. 50% in case of small hydro power plants, and in case of big facilities, it ranges between 10 - 20%. Efficiency of hydro power plant turbines is 80 - 95%, depending on construction, life-time of turbines ranges around 50 years, but also older turbines are in operation.

Hydro power plants are bound to bigger water dams, construction whereof requires in most cases interventions into surrounding landscape, while its character is also changed, what is often inconvenient from environment perspective.

According to the necessity to keep constant revolutions of turbines, due to frequency in electric power grid, levelling of fluctuating water flow-rate is demanding element of water turbine revolutions regulation. Demandingness of regulation is confirmed by another significant element at turbine operation, namely its water pollution. Also in case of power failure in electric grid, it is necessary to regulate or interrupt water supply, in order to prevent over-revving of fast-revolving turbines. Typical disadvantage of hydro power plants, bound to bigger water dams, is their cyclical use, only as complementary energy sources. Power outputs of presently used turbines range between 200 W to 1 ,000 MW. According to negative effects on surrounding environment, there is no big space left for utilizing water potential by construction of big hydro power plants.

Turbines for tidal hydro power plants and sea and river currents are starting to be experimentally applied in the present time. Fast-revolving, but also slow-revolving turbines can be used, according to conditions, for tidal hydro power plants with dam body and feeding directed flow of liquid. Slow-revolving turbines with the shape of multi-blade axial propeller can be used for sea and river currents as well as tides. Turbine with the shape of multi-blade axial propeller with free centre, attached along its perimeter, where also gearing is realized, placed into liquid current, is another variant of turbine. Dimensions of these axial turbines are in the order of meter to tens of meters.

Advantages of tidal turbines include the fact they can achieve relatively high power outputs, does not have relatively significant negative impact on the environment, does not occupy place on land, have predictable working cycle, are not dependent on weather. Their disadvantages include efficiency of only 60-70%, power output depends on tide height, they do not work continuously - they operate in the tidal cycle, being 12 hours and 35 minutes, amounting to only approx. 2,000 hours per year, they have complicated placement on sea bed and difficult maintenance, they can be placed in the sea only to certain depth, they can cause traffic collision with sea vessels, submarines, they can limit fishing, or are placed in bays with high tide and include building dam body with huge volume and narrow sluice gate in the dam body, investment costs are high and lifetime is approx. 35 - 50 years. Their construction is simple indeed, but financially demanding, placement is far away from human settlements, ecological problems connected with impoundment of water streams and bays prevent construction of more power plants of dam type. Advantages of power plant for sea currents compared to tidal turbines include the fact they can operate continuously in relatively homogenous regime. From the perspective of economy and according to low density of sea currents energy, hydro power plants for sea currents are realized by constructions known in the present time as the least advantageous and therefore, they are not used. Advantages of power plants for river currents include that fact that they can operate continuously in relatively homogenous regime and belong among renewable energy sources. From the perspective of economy, constructions known in the present time for utilization of river currents as hydro power plants appear to be also less advantageous and therefore, they are not used.

Design of slow-revolving turbines placed in sea tidal currents known till now can be divided into two basic types: with construction of vertical support anchored in solid foundation on the seabed, e.g. protruding above water surface (relatively high costs for construction, foundations of the construction and maintenance), or with construction floating, or hovering in the water (relatively low costs for realization), anchored e.g. on the seabed, or on floating pontoon.

In the first design group, e.g. Gorlov turbine can be used, which is improvement of Darrieus rotor, however, it has only approx. 35% efficiency, then axial two- and three-blades turbines submerged under water - e.g. Verdant system, then Seaflow, with vertical pillar, protruding above water surface, which enables exsertion of rotor in case of repairs or renovation, but also turbine in the shape of multi-blade propeller with free centre, attached along its perimeter, where also gearing is realized.

Cycloid Verdant turbine, as well as S-turbine of F. Sundermann or Neo- Aerodynamic turbine, but also last described type of turbine from the first group, in the shape of multi-blade propeller with free centre, attached along its perimeter and SDM turbine can be included in the second design group.

Cycloid Verdant turbine composes of rotor and blades attached perpendicularly to it, which swivel during turbine rotation by means of forced gearing, with the aim of increasing effective area of contact with fluid stream.

S-turbine of F. Sundermann of Sundermann Water Power company has four arms, there are swivelling blades on their ends, with similarly designed forced gearing as in case of cycloid turbine with the aim of increasing effective area of blades contact with the direction of water flow. Axial turbine of F. Sundermann is designed as the turbine in the shape of multi-blade propeller, attached and geared along its perimeter. Turbines of Sundermann Water Power company are using feeding as well as outflow tunnel, whereby it directs water current and increase its velocity. Neo-Aerodynamic turbine has segmented folding blades with aerodynamic profile. However, its utilization appears to be more perspective for generating energy from wind.

The common feature for Verdant, S-turbine of F. Sundermann and Neo- Aerodynamic turbines is that their blades are directed during rotation by forced gearing, what primarily takes energy obtained from water current. Further, forced turning of blades appears to be theoretically as advantageous compared to linear direction of flowing water, however, on reality, by the effect of reaction of primary impact of water and its flowing around blades and possibly also stream baffle, actually strong turbulences - water whirls are created, which hits turning directed blades in various directions - forced blades gearing - whereby turbine rotation is retarded and obtained kinetic energy of water is reduced.

There is no available information on practical use of cycloid Verdant turbine as well as Neo-Aerodynamic turbine.

Turbines with the shape of multi-blade propeller with free centre, attached along its perimeter, where also gearing is realized, are experimentally used in sea and tidal currents. According to its big diameters, its common utilization, e.g. in river stream is unrealistic, as well as utilization of multi-blade propeller on floating buoy (so called "Strom-Boje").

SDM turbine is similar to water wheel with bottom raceway, however, it requires modification of stream or building water construction with the difference of water surface height, relatively massive firm bearing construction, with diameter of the wheel around 5 m.

According to studies on possibilities of economic and environmental utilization of water kinetic potential by water devices prevailing till now (water dams connected with building of dam walls), mass increase of construction is not expected, compared to other technologies of electric energy production.

The effort to improve turbine for slowly flowing streams, with parameters of slowly rotating flow-through turbine, with possibility of placing under surface of flowing fluid, undersea, river, floating, hovering in the fluid, or placed on the bed of sea or river, in crosswise profile of river or sea current, without necessity to build dam constructions and feeding directed fluid flow, thus in areas, which are not utilized for the time being, however, with big hydro energetic potential, was the aim of several designs, which can be included into present state of the art, but no one represented principal change.

Disclosure of the invention

Flow-through turbine with turning blades solves mentioned problems in particular by that it contains at least one rotary element, placed on at least one fixed stand - stator, and the rotary element composes of at least one rotating shaft, which is connected with at least two elements - rods, which contains of at least two revolving blades, advantageously shaped, turning around these rods in delimited space, leaning against at least one element - stopper, with possibility of placing on at least one border element of rotary advantageous shape, but also by means of transfer of kinetic and/or thermal and/or pressure energy of flowing fluid by rotation of at least two blades to rotating motion of machine's shaft, where these events occur in non-sealed rotary space of the turbine.

Flow-through turbine with turning blades connects advantages of slow-revolving flow-through blade turbine and turbine submerged in fluid, where there is no boundary of two fluids of different consistence (e.g. fluid and air) on blades at transformation of kinetic and/or thermal and/or pressure energy to rotary energy. The rotor of flow-through turbine with turning blades is placed on stator in rotary manner and the action, as the transformation of kinetic and/or thermal and/or pressure energy to rotary motion of machine's shaft takes place by sequence of constructional processes and parametrical and functional processes relating with them, typical for activity of turbine.

These processes are initiated and takes place with utilization of at least one rotary flow-through turbine with at least two turning blades, advantageously shaped, placed in stator in rotary manner and mutually maintaining partial constructional and functional contact, which is running.

Following description of flow-through turbine with turning blades is focused on the turbine initiated by transformation of kinetic and/or pressure energy to rotary energy, while the flow-through turbine with turning blades initiates also transformation of thermal energy to rotary energy. The turbine is anchored in flowing fluid and the rotor continuously delimits volume of non-sealed working space of rotary advantageous shape. At least two turning blades, advantageously shaped, placed on outside perimeter of the rotor, lean during rotation and actions typical for transformation of kinetic or pressure energy of flowing fluid to rotary motion of the machine's shaft advantageously against at least one stopper placed towards the centre of rotation, which advantageously delimits turning of blades so that they ensure rotary motion of the rotor in the flowing liquid, which contains rotation output - shaft, for transfer of the drive from driven system and thereby rotary motion of the rotor can be used, by means of gearing, for driving generator, which transforms rotary motion to electric current. Rotary contact of rotor and stator occurs during rotation.

The stator is firmly connected with the device, either anchored against moving fluid (on floating pontoon, hovering in the fluid, anchored on the bed, etc.) or this device is moving against the fluid.

Placing of rods and turning axes of at least two blades advantageously shaped (advantageously another blades) at outside perimeter of the rotor and at least one stopper placed towards the centre of the rotor, enables suitable direction of the blades by turning around their axes in non-working space of the rotor and thereby also rotation of the rotor in the fluid. The possibility of delimited turning of the blades and manner of their turning around their own axes of the flow-through turbine with turning blades solves in original manner return phase of the turbine with small resistance of the blades in non-working space of the rotor.

Rotation of the flow-through turbine with turning blades is ensured by flow of the fluid, pressure on blades and flow of the fluid around the blades in non-sealed space of the turbine in working space of the rotor. At least one blade leans in starting position against at least one stopper, by rotation of the turbine and flow of the liquid, and according to design of the turbine, it ensures rotation of the turbine in approx. 180° working space of the rotor.

Flow in the flow-through turbine with turning blades takes place when the current of fluid hits turning blade and flow around it, continuously realized transformation of kinetic and/or pressure energy to rotary energy and leaves the space of the turbine.

With regard to turbulences of the fluid in the working space of the rotor and the direction of the blade tilting after dead point, transformation of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing fluid to rotary motion of turbine is continuous, pressure of flowing fluid on blade being titled also initiates rotation of rotor.

On the end of working space of the rotor, after dead point and tilting of individual blades from at least one stopper, blades are moving, by effect of combination of the fluid flow, its turbulences, effects of hydrodynamic shape of blade wing and effect of centrifugal rotary forces of rotating rotor with minimum resistance by rotation of the turbine by approx. 180°, in the non-working space of the rotor into starting position of individual blades and they create minimum turbulences in such manner, where they lean individually against at least one stopper.

Orientation of individual blades in the non-working space of the rotor against direction of the fluid flow depends on the velocity of fluid flow and rotation of the turbine. Orientation of the blades during this phase is combination of copying perimeter of the rotor, eccentric turning of blades from rotary space of the turbine, crosswise shape of blades, their advantageous shaping, as well as the effect of fluid flow before leaning of individual blades against at least one stopper, where also transformation of kinetic energy to rotary motion of the turbine is taking place. Shape of rounded blades resembles in cross section the shape of wing, and underpressure is occurring by effect of the fluid flow on the "longer" side of the blade. Since tilted blades in the non-working space are oriented by "longer" side into the centre of the rotor, hydrodynamic effect of the wing shape affects in such manner against centrifugal forces of the rotation and contributes to transformation of kinetic energy to rotary motion of the turbine already before contact of the blade with the stopper. Advantageous shaping also in the longitudinal direction - in the direction of turning axis of the blade - increases effective angle in the working space, is advantageous for turbine with smaller number of blades.

In case of multi-blade flow-through turbines with turning blades, due to turbulences in the working space of the rotor, fluid secondarily hits the blade in front of it in the direction of rotation and leaves rotary space of the turbine. The flow-through turbine with turning blades works on the principle of delimited rotary motion of blades, which lean against at least one stopper in the direction of the fluid flow, put up resistance to flowing fluid, rotates the rotor and transfers kinetic energy of the fluid to rotary motion. Circumference velocity of the rotor of the flow-through turbine with turning blades is smaller than the velocity of fluid flow, due to transfer of the energy and own resistance. Effective - working space of the rotor can be increased, e.g. by modification of stopper's rotation speed, when during one revolution of the turbine, e.g. stopper turns quicker by advantageous angle, whereby blade leans against the stopper earlier and tilts later, in such manner, angle of efficiency and working space of the turbine's rotor increases. At entry of the fluid into the space of turbine, when the blade is in the starting position and starts to lean against the stopper, the fluid is without turbulences and flowing effect on the blade is higher. Turbulences of the fluid in the space of flow-through turbine with turning blades initiates also pressure of the fluid on tilting blade when leaving rotor's space, thus also on the turbine's rotation.

Increase of the fluid flow velocity through the space of the flow-through turbine with turning blades is achieved also by placing baffle around centre shaft and feeding and outflow tunnel to the turbine.

Higher efficiency of the flow-through turbine with turning blades is achieved by advantageous rounding of the blades.

Advantageous use of other blades in the turbine utilizes bigger area of the blade, more suitable direction of the fluid flow and thereby better efficiency of the flow- through turbine with turning blades.

Use of border elements of suitable hydrodynamic rotary (disc) shape on the flow- through turbine with turning blades, which are parallel with fluid flow, replaces sides of the blades and increases efficiency of flow-through turbine with turning blades.

The flow-through turbine with turning blades works without the need of constructing costly facilities for feeding directed fluid flow, its effective utilization is assumed at fluid flow already under 2 m.s^" , it requires simple mounting on the device enabling to keep the turbine in flowing fluid or the device is moving against the fluid, as well as in connection with generator, in dependence on its size, it can be portable and can be simply placed in the flowing fluid.

Generally, efficiency of the turbines is decreased by several factors, including: losses by friction of rotating elements, then losses from whirling flow of the water - turbulences as well as filling and emptying is not taking place in vertex point. It is assumed that according to nature of the design of the flow-through turbine with turning blades, losses from second and third factor are lower compared to ordinary turbines, however, the resistance of rotating turbine in the fluid is added. The fluid affects on the blades of the flow-through turbine with turning blades continuously, without impacts, without boundary of two fluid and outflow of the fluid from the space of the turbine, despite of turbulent currents on individual elements of the turbine, is also continuous, due to delimited turning of the blades around their axes, what decreased negative effect of turbulent currents on the turbine's rotation. The basic feature of the present invention of the flow-through turbine with turning blades is that the fluid flows through the turbine and the transfer of the kinetic energy to the turbine's blades takes places continuously during its flowing through the space of the turbine.

Based on features of the water wheel, relative flat efficiency curve of the flow- through turbine with turning blades is assumed, meaning that also in case of decreased flow-rate, its efficiency is still relatively high. This effect appears to be sometimes more important as higher efficiency of other turbines in optimal point of efficiency curve.

In case of flow-through turbine with turning blades, which is the subject of protection, differences, but in particular advantages against water wheel, being used for thousands of years, are obvious, in particular: dimensions of the flow- through turbine with turning blades with comparable output of water wheel are smaller, flow-through turbine with turning blades is simpler for calculation and construction, turbine is protected against weather effects, it is whole submerged in the fluid and is adequately lifted by it, it does not freeze in the winter period, placing of the turbine does not require demanding bearing and protective construction, as well as constructions feeding and draining away fluid, e.g. compared to massive construction of water wheel and its bearing construction. Placing of rods and turning axes of at least two blades (advantageously another blades) at outside perimeter of the rotor and at least one stopper placed towards the centre of the rotor, enables suitable turning of the blades in non-working space of the rotor and thereby also rotation of the rotor in the fluid. The possibility of delimited turning of the blades and the manner of their turning around their own axes of the flow-through turbine with turning blades solves return phase of the blades with small resistance of the turbine in non-working space of the rotor in original manner. Efficiency of the flow-through turbine with turning blades is higher, since the transformation of kinetic energy of flowing water to rotary energy takes place in the whole working space of the turbine's rotor, meaning that pressure on the blade is being realized already from its positive turning towards the direction of flowing fluid, then from leaning against the stopper (starting position of the blade), and the lasts till finishing the phase in working space of the rotor, after the dead point, thus approx. till the position after beginning of tilting the blade around its own axis, and in such manner, the energy of flowing water is affecting whole area of blades in case of the flow-through turbine with turning blades more effectively than in case of water wheel. Several flow-through turbines with turning blades can be placed to suitable location, they can be interconnected by gearing and connected to smaller number of generators than the number of turbines.

In case of the flow-through turbine with turning blades, which is the subject of protection, differences, but in particular advantages against conventional turbines, are obvious, in particular: turbine has very simple design, it is simple also for calculation and manufacturing can be easily realized also amateur conditions, it does not require use of special materials, according to permanent position in the fluid with minimum anticorrosion features of corrosive materials, it can be used in currents of seas and in river streams, where it is not possible and/or necessary to build storage water dams, it can be used in streams already from relatively small velocity of flowing fluid, this leads to the smaller stress of elements of the flow- through turbine with turning blades and decrease of costs for repair and maintenance, output of flow-through turbine with turning blades depends on the size, number and arrangement of blades and velocity of the stream, i.e. on the flow rate, with using rotary motion for generation of electric energy, the turbine does not require financially demanding construction of the installation with anchoring against flowing fluid, or moving device against still fluid, the turbine is not tending to cavitation according to small velocity of fluid flow, it is little sensitive to dirt, protective grid can be installed against big floating dirt, in case of turbine placed under fluid surface, bearings of gearing are placed outside of the fluid, the shaft need not to be sealed, in case of turbines hovering in the fluid and placed on the beds of rivers and seas, shafts and generators should be sealed, in case of placing delimiting elements of suitable hydrodynamic shapes placed paralelly with the turning axis of the turbine's blades, flow of the fluid through the turbine's space is increased, construction of the turbine does not interrupt continuity of fluid current, it does not create impacts between the fluid and the turbine's body or its elements at entry to the turbine's space and at leaving the turbine's space, what decreases the effect of turbulent currents of the fluid, direction of turbine's rotation is the same in whole extent of fluid current direction of 360° angle, the turbine has no forced gearing for directing blades turning, therefore the direction of flowing fluid and its turbulences, as well as other physical forces turns blades, which are not located in the working space of the turbine's rotor around their own axis in such manner to put up minimum resistance to flowing fluid, further, when baffle is not used in the turbine, free flow of the fluid current runs in half of the turbine's space volume, effect of kinetic energy of flowing fluid on the turbine's blades takes places in whole working space of the turbine's rotor.

Moreover, flow-through turbine with turning blades has advantages compared to common turbines: simpler design of the turbine, low costs for manufacturing and operation of the turbine, high reliability and failure-free operation and its safety, small energetic demandingness of the whole process, possibility of placing turbines from horizontal to vertical direction and their mutual combinations, turbines achieve relatively high efficiency, when placed in sea currents and streams of rivers, they work from time to time to continuously, not in cyclical regimes, they achieve relatively high outputs and according to stability of fluid flow velocity, also even revolutions and outputs, they do not damage the environment, they are neither visible, nor audible, they do not occupy space on land, they can be utilized on streams from the size of brooks or small rivers with sufficient flow rate, depth, and expected velocity of the stream under 2 m/s, the flow-through turbine with turning blades can utilize energy of flowing fluid several times successively on long distance of water stream or sea current, its utilization depends neither on change of water surface height, nor on flood conditions on rivers (except for critically low surface), nor storm situation on seas, placing of the flow-through turbine with turning blades appears to be most advantageous on rivers, since kinetic energy taken from the river by the turbine regenerates, with regard to river stream descent, and ecologic failure in the form of unbalance between energy taking and source renewing does not threaten, meaning that this source of energy generation is included among renewable energy sources, suitability of placing is in floatable rivers outside of ship ways, but also in non-floatable brooks and rivers, further, flow-through turbine with turning blades does not produce any waste or CO2, minimum amount of CO2 is produced during its manufacture, construction of costly facilities for retaining the fluid and its feeding by directed current is not necessary, it enables placing of devices with flow-through turbines submerged under surface of rivers and seas on floating anchored devices, also hovering in the current flow, or placed on the beds of rivers and seas with undersea currents, as well as tidal currents, also in the part of crosswise profile of river or undersea current in suitable raster perpendicularly to flow, possibility of placing several (hundred) turbines in suitable raster also one after another, mutual suitable energetic interconnection and connection of several turbines means more effective energetic use, further, simple anchoring of turbines on beds of seas and streams, as well as placing of small turbines on surfaces and beds of small rivers, also turbines of bigger sizes suitable interconnected in sea currents and on big rivers outside of ship ways, as well as in vicinity of human settlements, the turbine does not need average of fluid flow in the profile of several meters, or tens of meters, minimum modifications are required for sets of turbines placed on the beds of streams with small flow rate, the advantage is possibility of fully automation of the process and its full service-free operation and remote control of turbines, long lifetime of technologic device, when utilizing unlimited lifetime of primary energetic source.

Due to slow rotation of the flow-through turbine with turning blades, relatively big dimensions of its elements, as well as free spaces among individual elements of rotors and their smooth motion in the fluid, negative effect on common species of river and/or sea bio fauna and its biotope is not expected.

In case of flow-through turbines with turning blades placed on floating pontoon on the river, whole pontoon can be submerged under surface or drag away to the bank in case of low river surface height or danger of ice-drift.

Use of flow-through turbine with turning blades appears to be advantageous, besides sea currents and river currents also in natural and artificial channels, straits and tailraces of dams, feeding, drain-away and irrigation channels, rivulets and brooks with minimum modifications as well as facilities with secondarily utilizable water potential, but also for tidal energetic devices.

The rotor, together with the stator of the flow-through turbine with turning blades, can be used also in other rotary suitable shapes. Number, shape, placing as well as arrangement of individual blades in the turbine's working space, as well as possibility of horizontal and vertical placing of turbines, their mutual combinations, create a number of variants dependant on individual conditions of utilization.

Relatively constant feeding velocity of the fluid and therefore also constant revolutions are necessary for optimum operation of the present invention, while stream of a river or sea current give assumption for that.

Potential utilization of the flow-through turbine with turning blades in currents of rivers and seas through gears and regulation of revolutions for generation of electric energy belongs among renewable sources of energy, according to the fact that ecological failure in the form of unbalance between renewing of source and energy taking. Investment costs for realization of flow-through turbines with turning blades are low and return almost immediately (outputs depends on the turbine's size, begin up to ten kW and more) and according to simple operation of the flow- through turbine with turning blades, there is big assumption of their utilization. In the present time, regulation of torque of similar devices as the flow-through turbine with turning blades by modern planetary gearboxes, with transmission ratio of 1 :100 and efficiency of the device above 50%, is not technical problem. Due to limited possibilities of utilizing water potential by construction of big hydro power plants and their negative impact to the environment, utilization of flow-through turbine with turning blades can become suitable solution for generation of electric energy.

Overview of figures on drawings

The principle of the flow-through turbine with turning blades and manner of kinetic and pressure energy of flowing water transformation to rotary motion of the machine's shaft by utilizing mentioned manner is schematically illustrated on figures. According to the fact that the design solution, which is subject of the protection, creates assumptions for number of specific construction application variants and its substance can be expressed only by depicting several conditions, individual figures should be understood only as illustrative for elucidation of the substance of the present invention.

Figures No. 1 - 4 shows, in cross-section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course in the extent of approx. 143° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades, advantageously shaped in longitudinal direction, with two blades on two connecting rods, with one stopper, identical with the shaft, with indicated turbulences of the fluid, while the Figure No. 1 is continuation of the action and the principle of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing liquid transformation to rotary motion of the shaft is explained here.

Figures No. 5 - 8 shows, in cross-section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course in the extent of 54° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with five blades on five connecting rods - and with five stoppers, with indicated turbulences of the fluid, while the Figure No. 1 is continuation of the action and the principle of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing liquid transformation to rotary motion of the shaft is explained here.

Figures No. 9 - 12 shows, in cross-section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course in the extent of 90° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with three blades on three connecting rods, with three stoppers, central baffle and feeding and outflow tunnel, while the Figure No. 1 is continuation of the action and the principle of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing liquid transformation to rotary motion of the shaft is explained here.

Figures No. 13 - 16 shows, in cross-section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course in the extent of 90° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with six turning blades advantageously placed against each other on six connecting rods and with six stoppers, three blades with stoppers are placed on the outside perimeter, three blades with stoppers are placed closer to the centre of the turbine, while the Figure No. 1 is continuation of the action and the principle of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing liquid transformation to rotary motion of the shaft is explained here.

The Figure No. 17 shows, in cross section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course conditions according to the Figure No. 1 , of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with three blades on three connecting rods, with one stopper - shaft with protrusions.

The Figure No. 18 shows, in cross section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course conditions according to the Figure No. 1 , of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with seven blades on seven connecting rods, with seven stoppers.

Figures No. 19 - 22 shows, in cross-section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course in the extent of 54° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with five blades on five connecting rods and with four stoppers, where stoppers rotate through forced gearing faster during one revolution by one blade forward, with indicated turbulences of the fluid, while the Figure No. 1 is continuation of the action and the principle of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing liquid transformation to rotary motion of the shaft is explained here.

The Figure No. 23 shows, in side view to the turbine's rotor with two border elements of rotary advantageous shape and bearing construction - pontoon, the flow-through turbine with turning blades in vertical position, with delimiting elements identical with pontoons, of suitable hydrodynamic shapes placed paralelly with the turbine's blades turning axis.

The Figure No. 24 shows, in side view to the turbine's rotor with two border elements of rotary advantageous shape and bearing construction - pontoon, the flow-through turbine with turning blades in horizontal position, with delimiting elements of suitable hydrodynamic shapes placed paralelly with the turbine's blades turning axis.

The Figure No. 25 shows flow-through turbines with turning blades in axonometry, placed in vertical position on bearing construction: floating pontoon and fixed bearing construction on the stream bed, where delimiting elements are not illustrated, due to clearness of the drawing.

The Figure No. 26 shows flow-through turbines with turning blades in axonometry, placed in horizontal position on bearing construction: floating pontoon and fixed bearing construction on the stream bed, where delimiting elements are not illustrated, due to clearness of the drawing.

The Figure No. 27 shows flow-through turbines with turning blades in axonometry, placed in vertical position on fixed bearing construction, transverse to the stream current, on the stream bed.

The Figure No. 28 shows, in side view to the turbine's rotor with two border elements of rotary advantageous shape and bearing construction - pontoon, the flow-through turbine with turning blades in vertical position, with delimiting elements identical with pontoons, of suitable hydrodynamic shapes placed paralelly with the turbine's blades turning axis, with alternative of rotor attachment to side stator and that to floating pontoons.

Individual figures 1 - 4:

The Figure No. 1 shows working course of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with two blades, advantageously shaped in longitudinal direction, on two connecting rods and with one stopper - shaft, while one blade is on the beginning of the working space, second one on the end of working space - in the dead point and starts to turn into non-working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 2 shows turn of the blades by approx. 53° of the working course, while one blade is in working space of the turbine's rotor and second one is in non- working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 3 shows turn of the blades by another 45° of the working course, while one blade is in working space of the turbine's rotor and second one is in non- working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 4 shows turn of the blades by another 45° of the working course, while one blade is in working space of the turbine's rotor and second one is in non- working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 5 shows working course of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with five blades on five connecting rods, with five stoppers, while one blade is on the beginning of working space, two other are in the working space of the turbine's rotor and two other are outside of the working space of the turbine's rotor. The Figure No. 6 shows turn of the blades by 18° of the working course, while three blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and two other are in non- working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 7 shows turn of the blades by another 18° of the working course, while two blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor, one blade is on the end of working space - in the dead point and two other are in non-working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 8 shows turn of the blades by another 18° of the working course, while two blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and three other are outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 9 shows working course of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with three blades on three connecting rods, with three stoppers, central baffle and feeding and outflow tunnel, while one blade is on the beginning of working space, another one is in the working space of the turbine's rotor and one is outside of the working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 10 shows turn of the blades by 30° of the working course, while two blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and one is outside of working space of the turbine's rotor. The Figure No. 11 shows turn of the blades by another 30° of the working course, while one blade is in working space of the turbine's rotor, one blade is on the end of working space of the rotor - in the dead point and one blade is outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 12 shows turn of the blades by another 30° of the working course, while one blade is in working space of the turbine's rotor and two blades are outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 13 shows working course of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with six turning blades advantageously placed against each other on six connecting rods, and with six stoppers, three blades with stoppers are placed on the outside perimeter, three blades with stoppers are placed closer to the centre, while one blade is on the beginning of the working space of the turbine's rotor, two blades are in the working space, one blade is on the end of working space - in the dead point and two blades are outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 14 shows turn of the blades by 30° of the working course, while three blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and three blades are outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 15 shows turn of the blades by another 30° of the working course, while one blade is on the beginning of working space of the turbine's rotor, two blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor, one blade is on the end of working space - in the dead point and two other are outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 16 shows turn of the blades by another 30° of the working course, while three blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and three blades are in non-working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figures No. 19 - 21 shows working course and turn of the blades by 18° and 36° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with five blades on five connecting rods, with four stoppers, where stoppers rotate through forced gearing faster by 72° during one revolution, whereby the working space of the turbine is extended, while three blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and two blades are in the non-working space of the turbine's rotor.

The Figure No. 22 shows turn of the blades by another 18° of the working course, while two blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor, one blade is on the end of working space - in the dead point and two other are in non-working space of the turbine's rotor.

Examples of the invention embodiments

The flow-through turbine with turning blades is original by its design in that it contains at least on rotary element - rotor 3 placed on at least one fixed stand - stator 1,' with rotary mounting λ Λ on the stator 1, comprising of at least one rotating shaft 3,3, with at least two elements - rods 3J., which contains at least two turning blades 4J. advantageously shaped, turning around these elements 3J. in delimited space 9J., 9^2 of the turbine leaning against at least one stopper 3^2, as well as in the processes characteristic for operation of the turbine.

The flow-through turbine with turning blades works on the principle of at least two turning blades 4J. advantageously shaped, attached by swivelling attachment around at least two rods 3J_, placed near outside perimeter of the rotor 3, leaning against at least one stopper 32, placed towards the centre of the rotor 3 with possibility of attaching on at least one border element of the rotor 3 of the rotary shape, or advantageously connecting two border elements of the rotor 3, which rotate and keep partial constructional and functional touch, which is running. The rotary axis of the rotor 3 is advantageously identical with the axis of the stator I and the rotor 3 of the flow-through turbine with at least two turning blades 4J_ advantageously shaped, is placed on stator 1 in rotary manner and the action, as transformation of kinetic energy of flowing fluid 2 to rotary motion of the shaft 3_^3 of the machine takes place by sequence of construction processes and parametric and functional processes connected with them typical for action of the turbine. Turning axes of at least two blades 4J. advantageously shaped are identical with at least two rods 3J. and are advantageously parallels with the turning axis of the rotor 3. The rotor 3 continuously delimits volume of the space 9J., 2 of the turbine of rotary advantageous shape. At least two turning blades 4J., advantageously shaped, ensure rotation and actions typical for transformation of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing fluid to rotary motion of at least one rotary output - shaft 3 of the machine for transfer of the drive from driven system, and thereby rotary motion of the rotor 3 can be used, by means of gearing 6, for generation of electric energy through generator 7. The stator 1 is firmly connected with the device 5, either anchored against moving fluid 2 (on floating pontoon 5J_, hovering in the fluid 2 or anchored on the bed 8 of the stream) or this device 5 is moving against still fluid 2.

Rotation of the flow-through turbine with turning blades is ensured by flow of the fluid 2, individually on at least two blades 4J_. advantageously shaped, in working space 9J. of the rotor 3 of the turbine. Blades 4J_, advantageously shaped, individually lean against at least one stopper 3,2 in the starting position by rotation of the turbine and flow of the fluid 2 and in approx. 180° rotation of the turbine's rotor 3 in the working space 9J_, kinetic and/or pressure energy of the fluid 2 is transformed to rotary motion of the rotor 3 is taking place and rotation of the turbine and its shaft 33 is ensured.

The flow in the flow-through turbine with turning blades takes place when the current of the fluid 2 primarily hits at least one turning blade 4J., leaned against at least one stopper 32 at entry into working space 9 _, flows around it and leaves the working space 9J.. In case of multi-blade flow-through turbine, turbulences of the fluid current 2 secondarily hits other blades 4J. before it, in the direction of rotation and the current leaves the working space 9J. of the rotor 3. Direction of the fluid current 2 and its turbulences on the end of working cycle 9J_ of the rotor 3 in the dead point tilts individual blades 4J. advantageously shaped, individually leaned against at least one stopper 32 and these moves approx. by 180° in the non-working space 92 of the rotor 3 into starting position by rotary motion of the rotor 3, in combination of the flowing fluid direction 2, its turbulences, centrifugal forces of rotating turbine and effect of hydrodynamic shape of the blade 4J. wing with minimum resistance, and creates in such manner minimum turbulences, where they individually lean against at least one stopper 32. Placing of rods 3J_ and turning axes of at least two blades 4J. advantageously shaped, at outside perimeter of the rotor 3 and at least one stopper 32 placed towards the centre of the rotor 3, enables turning of the blades 4J. in non-working space 92 of the rotor 3 and thereby also rotation of the rotor 3 in the fluid 2. Working space 9J_ can be enlarged, e.g. by modification of stoppers' 32 rotation speed, when during one revolution of the rotor 3, stoppers 32 turns quicker by advantageous angle, whereby individually at least two blades 4J., advantageously shaped, individually lean against the stoppers 32 earlier and tilts later, whereby the angle of working space 9J_ efficiency of the turbine's rotor 3 increases. Increase of the fluid 2 flow velocity can be achieved also by delimiting elements 5 of advantageous hydrodynamic shapes placed parallely with the turning axis of the blades 4J. of the turbine, and/or baffle 3^4 placed around the central shaft 3J3 and/or feeding and outflow tunnel 3J5 of suitable shape. Rotor (3) can be alternatively attached to side construction of the stator (1 ) and that to floating pontoons (5).

Industrial utilization

The flow-through turbine with turning blades has assumptions of utilizing where slowly running turbines starts to be used nowadays, mainly in the field of utilization on streams of rivers and brooks, in tidal undersea currents of seas, but also in permanent undersea currents, as floating, submerged, hovering in fluid, or placed on the bed of streams, which are not utilized till the time being and there is big hydro-energetic potential. The flow-through turbine with turning blades uses big area of blades, small resistance, simple design, low investment costs, almost time unlimited operation, it is included among renewable energy sources, where ecological failure in the form of unbalance between renewing of the source and energy taking does not threaten, meaning the possibility to connect and combine big number of turbines into big arrays according to the description in the Disclosure of the Invention and the Patent Claims.

Claims

1. The flow-through turbine with turning blades characterized in that it is composed of stator (1), constructional, functionally synchronized combination of at least one rotor (3) placed in rotary manner against the stator (1) is arranged wherein, with at least two rods (3.1), attached perpendicularly to the rotor (3), with at least two turning blades (4.1), while they form integrated working set, where

the rotor (3) contains rotary shaft (3.3) with the axis identical with the axis of rotor (3) rotation with the possibility of connecting to gearing (6), then

axis of the rotor (3) rotation and axis of the stator (1) are identical, rotary shaft (3.3) of the rotor (3) is rotating around central rod of the stator (1) with rotary attachment (1.1) and are in mutual contact, then

the rotor (3) contains border element, advantageously two border elements of rotary shape,

on at least two rods (3.1) attached on at least one border element on outside perimeter of the rotor (3), on which at least two turning blades (4.1) are placed, where

at least two turning blades (4.1) are attached on rods (3.1) in rotary manner, while

border elements of the rotor (3) of suitable hydro-dynamic rotary shape are oriented towards flow of the fluid (2) and replace sides of the blades (4.1), for increasing efficiency of the turbine,

each turning blade (4.1), placed on rod (3.1) in rotary manner in outside perimeter of the rotor (3), leans in the working space (9.1 ) of the turbine against at least one stopper (3.2) placed towards the centre of the rotor (3).

2. The flow-through turbine with turning blades according to the claim 1, characterized in that

the turbine is attached on the fixed device (5), submerged in the fluid (2) or hovering on the current of fluid (2) or placed on the bed (8) of the stream, or moving against the fluid (2).

3. The flow-through turbine with turning blades according to the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that turning blades (4.1) are in longitudinal direction, i.e. in the direction of the axis, shaped, and rounded in the cross-section for increasing effectiveness of the turbine.

4. The flow-through turbine with turning blades according to the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that

baffle (3.4) is placed around rotary shaft (3.3) for increasing speed of fluid (2) flow through the space (9.1), (9.2) of the turbine.

5. The flow-through turbine with turning blades according to the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that

it is installed in feeding tunnel and/or outflow tunnel (3.5) for increasing speed of fluid (2) flow through the space (9.1 ), (9.2) of the turbine.

6. The flow-through turbine with turning blades according to the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that

it contains delimiting elements (5.2) of hydrodynamic shapes, which can be identical with pontoons (5.1).

7. The flow-through turbine with turning blades according to the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that

the shaft (3.3) of the rotor (3) is connected to gearing system (6) with the shaft (6.1 ) and this is connected with the generator (7).

8. The flow-through turbine with turning blades according to the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that

it is anchored on floating device under surface of rivers and seas with currents of the fluid (2), or hovering in the fluid (2) current stream, or placed on beds (8) of rivers and seas with undersea currents of fluid (2), and/or with tidal currents of fluid (2) or in the part of crosswise profile of the river or undersea current situated in the raster perpendicularly to current of the fluid (2).

9. The flow-through turbine with turning blades according to the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that one basic working set of the turbine has rotor (3) with border element and the stator (1), advantageously another rotors (3), where

placing of rotors (2) is from vertical to horizontal direction and creates number of variants.

10. The flow-through turbine with turning blades according to the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that one basic working set of the turbine has one rotor (3), advantageously another rotors (3), where

rotors (3) can be synchronously connected to other rotors (3) into sets, while all these sets of rotors (3) can be advantageously used as energetic sets.

11. The flow-through turbine with turning blades according to the claims 1 to 10, characterized in that

the rotor (3) can be alternatively attached to side stator (1) and that to floating pontoons (5).