SK287751B6 - Flow turbine with pivoted blades - Google Patents

Abstract

Flow turbine with rotary blades includes at least one solid stand - stator (1) saved at least one rotary element - a rotor (3) with rotating mounting (1.1) on the stator (1), consisting of at least one rotating shaft (3.3), with at least two elements - bars (3.1),which containing at least two rotary blades (4.1) conveniently shaped and pivoting the elements (3.1) in a defined area (9.1) (9.2) of turbines, based at least one-stop (3.2), but also the processes peculiar to the turbine operation.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a slowly rotating flow turbine and is directed to a conceptual change in the design of the turbines and in securing and executing events in the operation of the turbine.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Turbines are rotary machines that convert the kinetic, thermal and pressure energy of the flowing fluid into the rotational movement of the machine shaft. The energy conversion takes place in a blade grid formed by blades on one or more rotatably mounted rotors. The passage of fluid through or between the blades causes a forceful action on them, and this initiates a rotating rotor. Subsequently, the rotary movement of the rotor by means of gears is used (e.g. to drive a generator that converts the rotary movement into electric current).

Depending on the use of turbines, we divide them into hydraulic (the best known are water), gas, steam and wind. The use of hydro turbines to generate electricity is one of the renewable energy sources.

The first known use of the kinetic energy of fluids was the invention of a water wheel, a very widespread past, whose development has stopped in recent decades, both in theory and in practice.

Depending on the use of hydraulic turbines, I divide them into those requiring the construction of fluid reservoirs and the provision of a directed fluid flow (mainly used by Kaplan, Francis, Pelton, Bánki-Ossberger), and those which do not require them (underwater and river, placed in the fluid stream) Gorlov, two- and three-arm submerged underwater propellers (Seaflow, Verdant axial, Verdant cycloid turbine, Fred Sundermann S-turbine, Neo-Aerodynamic turbine, multi-leaf turbine with free center).

According to the speed of turbines we distinguish: fast-speed turbines: (Kaplan, Francis, Pelton) and slow-speed (Bánki-Ossberger), which also include underwater and river at sea, respectively. river currents: turbines - Gorlov, Seaflow, cycloid turbine Verdant, S-turbine, Neo-Aerodynamic turbine, turbine in the form of a multi-blade propeller with a free center, further a multi-blade propeller on a floating buoy (so-called Stromboje) or SDM - Staudruckmaschine .

Depending on the pressure, the turbines are divided into: overpressure - the pressure is high at the inlet and drops after leaving the turbine - (Kaplan, Francis) and even pressure - the pressure does not change when passing through the turbine (Pelton, Banks and turbines located in river and sea stream).

High-speed turbines can be distinguished by the flow rate and the gradient height: Kaplan (low height, high flow), Francis (medium height and flow), Pelton (high height, low flow). The Kaplan turbine has an axial arrangement of the blades, water is supplied from a small height perpendicular to them, but under a large flow, the blades are rotatable. The Francis turbine is based on a Foumeyron turbine, has radially positioned rotating curved blades, utilizing a medium water supply height and a medium flow rate. The Pelton turbine also has radially spaced curved blades, utilizing a large drop height and low water flow. The Banks-Ossberger turbine has tangential / radially placed rounded blades, utilizing a low head height and low water volume. It is slow running, flowing, that is, water is guided by the blades to the drum and from there on the opposite side also through the blades to the outside, kinetic energy transfers the work in the ratio of 2: 1 to the input and output. The advantage of the Banki-Ossberger turbine is its self-cleaning ability.

The Pelton, Francis, Kaplan and Bánki-Ossberger turbines are built on hydroelectric power plants and require the construction of dams. The investment costs for the construction of the dam, turbines, regulators and generators are relatively high. The share of investment costs for turbines and regulators in the total costs for small hydroelectric power plants is about 50%, for large plants it ranges between 10 - 20%. The efficiency of hydroelectric turbines is 80 - 95% according to the design, turbine life is around 50 years, but older turbines are also in operation.

Hydroelectric power stations are bound to larger reservoirs, the construction of which usually requires interventions in the surrounding landscape, and its character changes, which is often unsatisfactory from an ecological point of view.

Due to the need to maintain a constant turbine speed, due to the frequency in the power grid, balancing fluctuating water flow is a demanding element of water turbine speed control. The difficulty of regulation is confirmed by another important element in the operation of the turbine, namely its contamination with water. Also, in the event of a power outage, it is necessary to regulate or interrupt the water supply in order to prevent the high-speed turbines from turning over. A typical disadvantage of hydroelectric power stations linked to larger water reservoirs is their cyclical use only as an additional energy source. Outputs of currently used turbines range from 200 W to 1000 MW. However, due to the negative impacts on the environment, there is not much room for exploiting the water potential by constructing large hydroelectricity.

At present, turbines for tidal hydroelectricity and marine and river currents are being experimentally applied. Both high-speed and low-speed turbines can be used in tidal conditions under conditions2

- harmful hydroelectric power stations with a baffle body and supplying a rectified fluid stream. For marine and river currents, as well as tides, slow-rotating multi-blade axial propeller turbines can be used. Another variant of the turbine is a turbine in the form of a multi-blade axial propeller with a free center, attached to its periphery, where the transmission is also realized, placed in the fluid flow. The dimensions of these axial turbines are in the order of meters to tens of meters.

The advantages of tidal turbines include that they can achieve relatively high power, do not have a significant negative impact on the environment, do not occupy land, have a predictable duty cycle, and are not weather dependent. Their disadvantages include efficiency of only 60 - 70%, power is dependent on tide, do not work continuously - they work in tide cycle, which is 12 hours 35 minutes, it is only about 2000 hours per year, have a difficult location on the seabed and complicated maintenance, may only be located at a certain depth in the sea, may cause traffic collisions with sea-going vessels, submarines, limit fishing, or be placed in high-tidal bays with the construction of a large-volume and narrow-drained bulkhead, investment costs are high and the service life is about 35 - 50 years. Their construction is simple, but expensive, location is far from human settlements, ecological problems associated with damming of watercourses and bays prevent construction of other dam-type power plants.

Advantages of marine power plants over tidal turbines are that they can operate continuously in a relatively homogeneous mode. In terms of economy and due to the low energy density of sea currents, hydroelectricity for sea currents implemented by the previously known structures appears to be the least advantageous and therefore not used.

The advantages of river power plants include that they can also operate continuously in a relatively homogeneous mode and are among renewable energy sources. From the point of view of economy, the structures known to date for the use of river currents as hydroelectricity also appear to be of little benefit and are therefore not used.

The structures of the prior art low-speed turbines located in the tidal streams can be divided into two basic types: with a construction of a vertical beam anchored in a solid base at the bottom, e.g. extending above the surface (relatively high construction, foundation and maintenance costs), or with a floating or floating structure (relatively low construction costs), anchored e.g. on the bottom or on a floating pontoon.

In the first assembly, e.g. Gorlov's turbine, which is an improvement of the Darrieus rotor, but has only about 35% efficiency, further axial two- and three-blade turbines submerged under water - e.g. Verdant system, then Seaflow, with a vertical column extending above the surface, which allows the rotor to retract in the case of repairs or renovations, but also a turbine in the form of a multi-blade propeller with a free center, attached to its perimeter, where the transfer is realized.

The second group includes the Verdant cycloid turbine as well as the F. Sundermann S-turbine or the Neo-Aerodynamic turbine, but also the type of the first group, a multi-blade, free-center propeller attached to its perimeter and the SDM turbine. .

The Verdant cycloid turbine consists of a rotor and blades placed perpendicular to it, which are rotated by a forced transmission during rotation of the turbine, with the aim of increasing the effective area of contact with the fluid flow.

The Sundermann Water Power S-turbine by Sundermann Water Power has four arms, at the end of which the rotating blades are designed with a similarly structurally forced distribution, both in a cycloid turbine and in an effort to increase the effective contact area of the blades with the water flow. F. Sundermann's axial turbine is designed as a multi-blade propeller, attached and guided along its circumference. Sundermann Water Power turbines use both inlet and outlet tunnels to streamline and speed water.

The Neo-Aerodynamic turbine has segmented tipping blades with an aerodynamic profile. Its use, however, appears to be more promising for extracting wind energy.

In the Verdant turbine, F. Sundermann's S-turbine and Neo-Aerodynamic turbine, it is a common phenomenon that they have directed blades during forced rotation, which in turn draws energy from the water jet. In the following, the forced rotation of the blades appears to be advantageous against the direct direction of the flowing water, but in fact, due to the reaction of the primary water impact and bypassing it around the blades and possibly the flow restrictor, strong turbulences are created. blades - forced blade distribution - this inhibits the rotation of the turbine and reduces the kinetic energy of the water.

There are no materials available for the practical use of the Verdant cycloid turbine as well as the Neo-Aerodynamic turbines.

A multi-leaf propeller with a free-center propeller attached to its perimeter, where the transfer is also carried out, is used experimentally in sea and tidal currents. Due to its large diameters, it is commonly used, e.g. in river flows unrealistic, as well as the use of more leaf propeller on a floating buoy (the so-called Stromboje).

The SDM turbine is similar to a bottom-wheeled water wheel, but requires a flow adjustment or construction of a water device with a different level of height, a relatively robust rigid support structure, with a wheel diameter of about 5 m.

According to studies on the possibilities of economical and ecological utilization of the water kinetic potential by the prevailing water facilities (water reservoirs connected with the construction of dam walls) their mass increase of construction is not expected in comparison with other electricity generation techniques.

Efforts to improve a slow flow turbine, with the parameters of a slowly rotating flow turbine, with the possibility of being located below the surface of a flowing fluid, submarine, river, floating, floating in the fluid, or located at the bottom of a sea or river, The aim of constructing dams and supplying a directed fluid stream, i.e. in areas which are not used to this day and where there is a great hydroenergy potential, has been the object of a number of solutions that can be incorporated into the state of the art, but neither has represented a fundamental change.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A rotating bladed flow turbine solves the above-mentioned problems, in particular by comprising at least one rotating element comprising at least one rotating shaft connected to at least two rotating shafts on the at least one fixed stand - stator, comprising at least two rotating blades, preferably shaped, rotating around these rods in a defined space, supported by at least one stop element, able to be mounted on at least one edge element of a rotationally advantageous shape, but also by means of transferring kinetic and / or thermal and / or pressure energy of the flowing fluid rotating at least two blades to rotate the shaft of the machine when these events take place in a non-sealed rotational space of the turbine.

The rotary bladed flow turbine combines the advantages of a slow-running flow turbine and a fluid-immersed turbine, where there are no interfaces of two fluids of different consistency (e.g., liquid and air) on the blades to convert kinetic and / or thermal and / or pressure energy to rotary.

The flow turbine rotor with the rotating blades is rotatably mounted on the stator and the process, such as the conversion of kinetic and / or thermal and / or pressure energy into rotary motion of the machine shaft, is accomplished by a sequence of constructional and related parametric and functional processes characteristic of turbine operation.

These processes are initiated and performed using at least one rotary flow turbine with at least two rotatable blades, preferably shaped, rotatably mounted on a stator and maintaining a partial structural and functional contact that is continuous.

The following description of the rotating vane flow turbine is directed to a turbine initiated by converting kinetic and / or pressure energy to rotational energy, wherein the rotating vane flow turbine also initiates the conversion of thermal energy to rotational energy. The turbine is anchored in the flowing fluid space and the rotor continuously defines the volume of the unsealed working space of a rotationally advantageous shape. At least two rotatable vanes, preferably shaped, located on the outer periphery of the rotor, during rotation and events indicative of converting the kinetic or pressure energy of the flowing fluid into rotational movement of the machine shaft preferably rest on at least one stop located at the center of rotation. to provide in the flowing fluid a rotational movement of the rotor, which includes a rotary output - shaft, to transmit the drive from the driven system, and thus the rotational movement of the rotor by means of gears can be used to drive a generator that converts the rotary movement into electric current. During rotation, the rotor and stator rotate contact.

The stator is rigidly connected to a device either anchored against a moving fluid (on a floating pontoon, floating in a fluid, anchored at the bottom, etc.) or the device moves against a fluid.

The location of the rods and axes of rotation of the at least two blades preferably formed (preferably additional blades), at the outer periphery of the rotor and the at least one stop located towards the rotor center allows suitable blades to rotate around their axes in the non-working space of the rotor, thereby rotating the rotor in fluid . The possibility of limited rotation of the blades and the method of their rotation around their own axes of the flow turbine with rotating blades in an original way solves the turbine return load with low blade resistance in the inoperative space of the rotor.

Rotation of the flow turbine with swivel blades is provided by fluid flow, pressure on the blades and bypassing the fluid around the blades in the sealed space of the turbine in the rotor working space. The at least one blade is supported by at least one stop in the starting position by rotation of the turbine and fluid flow and, depending on the design of the turbine, ensures rotation of the turbine in the approximately 180 ° working space of the rotor.

The flow in the flow turbine with revolving blades is effected when the fluid flow impinges on and flows around the rotating vane, continuously realizing the conversion of kinetic and / or pressure energy into rotational energy and leaving the turbine space.

Due to the fluid turbulence in the rotor working space and the blade tipping direction along the dead point, the kinetic and / or pressure energy of the flowing fluid is also continuing to rotate the turbine, the pressure of the flowing fluid on the tipping blade also initiates rotation of the rotor.

At the end of the working space of the rotor after the dead point and the individual blades tipped from the at least one stop, the blades move in the direction of the turbine by centrifugal rotational forces of the rotating rotor with a minimum drag resistance of about 180 ° due to the combination of fluid flow, its turbulence. in the non-working space of the rotor to the starting position of the individual blades, thus creating minimal turbulence, where they are again supported individually by at least one stop.

The rotation of the individual blades in the non-working space of the rotor upstream of the fluid flow depends on the fluid flow rate and the turbine rotation. Alignment of the blades during this phase is a combination of copying the rotor circumference, eccentric turning of the blades from the turbine rotation space, the transverse shape of the blades, their convenient shaping, and the fluid flow before the individual blades rest on at least one stop. Turbine movement. The shape of the rounded blades resembles the shape of the wing in the cross-section, under the influence of the fluid flow on the "longer" side of the blade a negative pressure is created. Since the flipped vanes in the non-working space are "long" side oriented to the center of the rotor, the hydrodynamic effect of the wing shape counteracts the centrifugal forces of rotation and contributes to the conversion of kinetic energy to the rotational motion of the turbine before the blade is contacted. Advantageous shaping also in the longitudinal direction - in the direction of the axis of rotation of the blade - increases the effective angle in the working space, it is advantageous for a turbine with a smaller number of blades.

In multi-bladed flow turbines with rotating blades due to turbulence in the rotor working space, the fluid impacts the blade in front of it in the direction of rotation and leaves the rotating space of the turbine. The flow turbine with rotating blades operates on the principle of limited rotational movement of the blades, which are supported by at least one stop in the direction of fluid flow, resist the flowing fluid, rotate the rotor and transfer the kinetic energy of the fluid to rotational movement. The peripheral velocity of the rotating-blade flow turbine rotor is slower than the fluid flow rate due to energy transfer and self-resistance. Effective - the working space of the rotor can be increased, eg. by adjusting the rotation speed of the stops when, e.g. rotates the stop more quickly at a preferred angle, so that the blade rests against the stop earlier and tilts later, thereby increasing the efficiency angle and working space of the turbine rotor. At the inlet of the fluid into the turbine space, when the blade is in the starting position and starting to rest against the stop, the fluid is free of turbulence and the effect of the flow on the blade is higher. The fluid turbulence in the space of the flow turbine with the rotating blades also initiates the fluid pressure on the flipping blade when leaving the rotor space, thus also for the turbine rotation.

Increasing the velocity of the fluid flow through the space of the flow turbine with the rotating blades is also achieved by positioning the ram around the central shaft and through the inlet and outlet tunnels to the turbine.

By suitable rounding of the blades a higher efficiency of the flow turbine with rotating blades is achieved.

Appropriate use of additional blades in the turbine will utilize a larger area of the blades, a more appropriate flow control of the fluid, and thus better efficiency of the flow turbine with rotating blades.

The use of edge elements of a suitable hydrodynamic rotating (disk) shape on a rotating bladed flow turbine parallel to the fluid flow replaces the blades and increases the efficiency of the rotating bladed flow turbine.

Flow turbine with rotating blades works without the need for construction of costly devices for supplying directed fluid flow, it is supposed to be effectively used for fluid flow already under 2 ms-1, requires simple mounting on the device allowing to keep the turbine in flowing fluid, or the device moves against fluid, as well as in conjunction with the generator, depending on its size, can be portable and easily positioned in the flowing fluid.

Generally, the efficiency of turbines is reduced by several factors, including: friction losses of rotating elements, loss of turbulence water turbulence, as well as filling and emptying at peak points. Due to the nature of the flow turbine design with reversible blades, it is assumed that the losses of the second and third factors are lower than that of conventional turbines, but the resistance of the rotating turbine in the fluid has increased. The fluid acts on the flow turbine blades with rotating blades continuously, without impact, without the interface of two fluids, and the flow of fluid from the turbine space is fluent on individual turbine elements, despite eddy currents, due to limited rotation of the blades about their axis. eddy currents for turbine rotation.

An essential feature of the rotary bladed flow turbine invention is that the fluid flows through the turbine and the transfer of kinetic energy to the turbine blades occurs continuously as it flows through the turbine space.

Based on the properties of the water wheel, a relatively flat efficiency curve of the flow turbine with rotating blades is assumed, i.e., even at a reduced flow rate, its efficiency is still relatively high. This condition sometimes appears more important than the higher efficiency of other turbines at the optimum point of the efficiency curve.

With the rotating bladed flow turbine that is the subject of protection, there are obvious differences, but especially advantages over the water wheel used for thousands of years, especially: the dimensions of the rotating bladed flow turbine with comparable water wheel performance are smaller, the rotating bladed flow turbine it is simple to calculate and construct, the turbine is protected from the effects of the weather, is completely immersed in the fluid and adequately lightened, it does not freeze in winter, the location of the turbine does not require demanding supporting and protective structures, as well as liquid supply and exhaust structures, e.g. compared to the massive design of the water wheel and its supporting structure. The location of the bars and axes of rotation of the at least two blades (preferably additional blades) at the outer periphery of the rotor and the at least one stop located towards the center of the rotor allows the blades to rotate in the inoperative space of the rotor and thereby rotate the rotor in fluid. The possibility of limited rotation of the blades and the method of their rotation about their own axes of the flow turbine with rotating blades in an original way solves the return phase of the blades with low turbine resistance in the inoperative space of the rotor. The efficiency of the flow turbine with rotating blades is higher because the conversion of the kinetic energy of the flowing fluid to the rotational energy takes place throughout the working space of the turbine rotor, i.e. the pressure on the blade is realized from its positive rotation against the flow direction. is the stop (starting position of the blade), and lasts until the phase in the working space of the rotor, after the dead point, that is to say after starting the tipping of the blade about its own axis, thus the energy of the flowing liquid acts on the entire surface of the blades. rotating blades more effectively than a water wheel. It is possible to place several flow turbines with rotating blades in a suitable place, to interconnect them with gears and to connect to a smaller number of generators than the number of turbines.

There are obvious differences in the flow turbine with reversible blades that are the subject of protection, but especially advantages over conventional turbines, especially: the turbine has a very simple construction, is easy to calculate and easy to manufacture even in amateur conditions, does not require the use of special materials , due to its permanent position in the fluid with only minimal corrosion-resistant properties of corrosive materials, it is applicable in sea currents and river flows where it is not possible and / or necessary to build dam reservoirs, it is applicable in flows already from relatively low velocity of flowing fluid, resulting in less stress on flow turbine elements with swivel blades and reduced repair and maintenance costs, the performance of the flow turbine with swivel blades is dependent on the size, number and arrangement of the blades and the flow velocity, ie flow, using rotary motion the turbine is not susceptible to cavitation due to the low velocity of the fluid flow, it is not sensitive to impurities, it is possible to place it against large floating impurities Protective grilles, for turbines located below the surface of the fluid, the bearings are off-fluid, the shaft does not need to be sealed, for turbines floating in the fluid and located at the bottom of rivers and seas it is necessary to seal the shafts and generator. with the axis of rotation of the turbine blades accelerates the flow of fluid through the turbine space, the construction of the turbine does not interrupt the continuity of the fluid flow, does not create impacts between the fluid and the turbine body or its elements at the entry into the turbine space and when leaving the turbine space, reducing the effect of the swirling fluid flows, the direction of rotation of the turbine is the same throughout the fluid flow direction of the angle of 360 °, the turbine does not have a forced distribution to regulate the blades rotation, hence the flow direction and its turbulence as well as other physical forces the blades that are not in the working space of the turbine rotor around their own axis so as to impose minimal resistance to the flowing fluid, furthermore if the turbine does not use a breaker, half the volume of the turbine space the turbine blades take place throughout the working space of the turbine rotor.

Turbine flow turbine also has advantages over conventional turbines: simplification of turbine design, low cost of production and operation of the turbine, high reliability and reliability of operation and its safety, low energy consumption of the whole process, possibility of placing turbines from horizontal to vertical direction and their mutual Combinations, turbines achieve relatively high efficiency, located in sea currents and streams, operate continuously to continuously, not in cyclic modes, achieve relatively high performance and, due to the stability of the fluid flow speed, even speed and power, do not harm the environment, not visible can not be used on land, it is possible to use them on streams from the size of streams or small rivers with sufficient flow, draft and estimated flow rate below 2 m / s, flow turbine with rotating blades can to use the energy of the flowing liquid several times in succession over a large length of a watercourse or a sea current, its use does not depend on the change of water level, resp. from the flood situation in rivers (except for the critically low level) or from the storm situation at sea, the location of the flow turbine with reversible blades on the rivers seems to be most advantageous, since the kinetic energy taken by the river is regenerated and imbalance between energy consumption and resource recovery means that this energy source is classified as a renewable energy source, the advantage of being located in navigable rivers off the fairway, but also in non-navigable streams and rivers, and the flow turbine with rotating blades produces no waste CO2 is not produced during its production, there is no need for construction of costly devices for liquid retention and supply of directed streams, it allows placement of flow turbines submerged under the surface of rivers and seas with currents on floating anchors equipment, further floating in the flow of the stream, or located at the bottom of rivers and seas with underwater streams, as well as tidal streams, also in part of the transverse profile of the river or underwater stream in a suitable grid perpendicular to the flow, turbines in a convenient grid and in succession, mutually suitable energy interconnection and connection of several turbines, it means their more efficient energy use, further simple anchoring of turbines on the bottom of sea and streams, as well as placement of small turbines on the levels and bottoms of small rivers, dimensions suitably interconnected in sea currents and large rivers off fairways, as well as close to human settlements, the turbine does not need a fluid flow diameter of several meters or tens of meters in the set of turbines located at the bottom of low flow streams, minimum adjustments are required, advantage j e the possibility of full process automation and complete unattended operation and remote control of turbines, long lifetime of the technological equipment, using the unlimited lifetime of the primary power source.

Due to the slow rotation of the flow turbine with rotating blades, the relatively large dimensions of its elements, as well as the clearance between individual rotor elements and their continuous movement in the fluid, no negative impact on common river and / or marine biofauna species and habitat is expected.

In reversible flow turbines located on a floating pontoon on the river, the whole pontoon can be submerged or pulled to the shore in the event of a low river level or risk of ice.

The use of a flow turbine with rotating blades appears to be advantageous in addition to sea and river streams in natural and artificial canals, straits and outflow channels of dams, inlet, outlet and irrigation canals, rivers and streams with minimal treatment, as well as equipment with secondary water potential but also for tidal power installations.

The rotor together with the stator of the flow turbine with rotating blades can be used in other suitable rotary shapes. The number, shape, location and distribution of individual blades in the working space of the turbine, as well as the possibility of horizontal and vertical positioning of the turbines and their mutual combinations, create a number of variants, which depend on individual conditions of use.

For an optimum operation of the invention, a relatively constant inflow rate of the fluid, and hence a constant speed, is required, for which a river flow or sea current is predicted.

The potential use of flow turbines with reversible blades in streams of rivers and seas through gears and speed control to generate electricity is one of the renewable energy sources, given that there is no ecological disturbance in the form of an imbalance between source renewal and energy consumption. The investment costs for the realization of flow-through turbines with swivel blades are low and return almost immediately (outputs are depending on the size of the turbine, starting up to 10 kW and more) and due to the easy operation of the flow-through turbine with swivel blades. At present, there is no technical problem to regulate the torque of similar devices such as the flow turbine with rotating blades of modern planetary gearboxes, with 1: 100 gears and with an efficiency of the device above 50%. Due to the limited possibilities of exploiting the water potential by constructing large hydroelectrics and their negative impact on the environment, the use of a flow turbine with rotating blades may become a suitable solution for electricity generation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The principle of the flow turbine with rotating blades and the method of changing the kinetic and pressure energy of the flowing fluid to the rotational movement of the machine shaft utilizing said method is schematically shown in the figures. Since the solution to be protected creates preconditions for a number of variants of a particular construction application and its nature can only be expressed by depicting several states, the individual figures should be understood only as illustrative of the nature of the invention.

In FIG. no. 1-4, a cross-sectional view of a vertically positioned turbine rotor and a view of a rim element of rotationally preferred shape shows a working waveform in the range of about 143 ° of a flow turbine with rotatable blades preferably shaped longitudinally, with two blades on two connecting rods; one stop, identical to the shaft, with the indicated fluid turbulence, wherein FIG. No. 1 is a continuation of the plot and the principle of changing the kinetic and / or pressure energy of the flowing fluid to the rotational movement of the shaft is explained.

In FIG. no. 5-8 is a cross-sectional view of a vertically positioned turbine rotor and a view of a rim element of rotationally preferred shape showing a workflow in a 54 ° flow turbine with rotating blades with five blades on five connecting rods - and five stops, with fluid turbulence indicated; Fig. no. 1 is a continuation of the process and the principle of changing the kinetic and / or pressure energy of the flowing fluid to the rotational movement of the shaft is explained.

In FIG. no. 9-12 is a cross-sectional view of a vertically disposed turbine rotor and a view of a peripheral rotationally preferred shape of the 90 ° flow turbine with rotating blades, three blades on three connecting rods, three stops, a central spreader, and a feed and discharge tunnel, FIG. no. 1 is a continuation of the process and the principle of changing the kinetic and / or pressure energy of the flowing fluid to the rotational movement of the shaft is explained.

In FIG. no. 13-16 is a cross-sectional view of a vertically positioned turbine rotor and a view of an edge element of rotationally preferred shape showing a 90 ° flow turbine operating sequence with rotatable vanes with six preferably rotatable vanes on six connecting rods and six stops, three vanes with the stops being located on the outer periphery, the three blades with the stops are located closer to the center of the turbine, and FIG. no. 1 is a continuation of the process and the principle of changing the kinetic and / or pressure energy of the flowing fluid to the rotational movement of the shaft is explained.

In FIG. no. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the vertical turbine rotor and a view of the peripheral rotationally preferred shape element of the working state of FIG. no. 1, namely a flow turbine with rotating blades with three blades on three connecting rods, with one stop - shaft with outlets.

In FIG. no. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the horizontally positioned rotor of the turbine and a view of the peripheral rotationally preferred shape element of the working state of FIG. no. 1, namely a flow turbine with rotating blades with seven blades on seven connecting rods, with seven stops.

In FIG. no. 19-22 is a cross-sectional view of a vertically positioned turbine rotor and a view of a rim element of rotationally preferred shape showing a workflow in the 54 ° flow turbine range with rotating blades with five blades on five connecting rods and four stops, where the stops rotate faster during one revolution one blade forward, with indicated fluid turbulence, and FIG. No. 1 is a continuation of the plot and the principle of changing the kinetic and pressure energy of the flowing fluid to the rotational movement of the shaft is explained.

In FIG. no. 23 is a side view of a turbine rotor having two edge elements of rotationally preferred shape and a supporting structure - a pontoon - a flow turbine with rotating blades in a vertical position, with spacers coincident with pontoons, of suitable hydrodynamic shapes positioned parallel to the axis of rotation of the turbine blades.

In FIG. no. 24 is a side view of a turbine rotor having two edge elements of rotationally preferred shape and a supporting structure - a pontoon - a flow turbine with rotating blades in a horizontal position is shown with spacers of suitable hydrodynamic shapes positioned parallel to the axis of rotation of the turbine blades.

In FIG. no. 25, flow turbines with rotating blades are shown in axonometry in a vertical position on a supporting structure: a floating pontoon and a fixed supporting structure at the bottom of the flow where, for the sake of clarity of the drawing, the spacer elements are not shown.

In FIG. no. 26, flow turbines with rotating blades are shown in axonometry in a horizontal position on a supporting structure: a floating pontoon and a fixed supporting structure at the bottom of the flow, where, for the sake of clarity of the drawing, the spacer elements are not shown.

In FIG. no. 27, flow turbines with rotating blades are shown in axonometry and placed in a vertical position on a rigid support structure, transverse to the flow stream, at the bottom of the flow.

In FIG. no. 28 is a side view of a turbine rotor having two edge elements of rotationally advantageous shape and a supporting structure - a pontoon - a flow turbine with rotating blades in vertical position, with spacers identical to pontoons, suitable hydrodynamic shapes positioned parallel to the axis of rotation of turbine blades; attaching the rotor to a side stator and one to floating pontoons.

Individual images 1-4:

Fig. no. 1 illustrates the workflow of a flow turbine with rotating blades with two blades, preferably shaped in the longitudinal direction, on two connecting rods and one stop - shaft, one blade at the beginning of the working space, the other at the end of the working space - at a dead point. turn into the non-working space of the turbine rotor.

Fig. no. 2 shows the rotation of the blades by about 53 [deg.] Of operation, wherein one blade is in the working space of the turbine rotor and the other is in the non-working space of the turbine rotor.

Fig. no. 3 shows the rotation of the blades by an additional 45 ° of operation, one blade being in the working space of the turbine rotor and the other in the non-working space of the turbine rotor.

Fig. no. 4 shows the rotation of the blades by a further 45 ° of the operating sequence, with one blade in the working space of the turbine rotor and the other in the non-working space of the turbine rotor.

Fig. no. 5 illustrates the workflow of a flow turbine with rotating blades with five blades on five connecting rods, with five stops, one blade at the beginning of the working space, two in the turbine rotor working space and two outside the turbine rotor working space.

Fig. no. 6 shows the rotation of the blades by 18 [deg.], With three blades in the working space of the turbine rotor and two in the non-working space of the turbine rotor.

Fig. no. 7 shows the rotation of the blades by an additional 18 ° of operation, with two blades in the working space of the turbine rotor, one blade at the end of the working space - at a dead point and two in the non-working space of the turbine rotor.

Fig. no. 8 shows the rotation of the blades by an additional 18 [deg.] Operating sequence, with two blades in the turbine rotor working space and three out of the turbine rotor working space.

Fig. no. 9 illustrates the workflow of a flow turbine with three blades with three blades on three connecting rods, with three stops, a central spreader and an inlet and outlet tunnel, with one blade at the beginning of the working space, one in the working space of the turbine rotor and one outside turbine rotor space.

Fig. no. 10 shows the rotation of the blades by 30 [deg.] Of operation, wherein two blades are in the turbine rotor working space and one is outside the turbine rotor working space.

Fig. no. 11 shows the rotation of the blades by an additional 30 ° of operation, with one blade in the working space of the turbine rotor, one blade at the end of the working space of the rotor - at a dead point and one blade outside the working space of the turbine rotor.

Fig. no. 12 shows the rotation of the blades by an additional 30 ° of the operating sequence, with one blade in the working space of the turbine rotor and two blades outside the working space of the turbine rotor.

Fig. no. 13 shows the workflow of a rotating bladed flow turbine with six preferably rotatable blades on six connecting rods and six stops, three blades with stops located on the outer periphery, three blades with stops located closer to the center, with one blade is at the beginning of the turbine rotor workspace, two are the workspace, one blade is at the end of the workspace - at a dead point, and two are outside the turbine rotor workspace.

Fig. no. 14 shows the rotation of the blades by 30 [deg.] Of operation, wherein three blades are in the working space of the turbine rotor and three blades are outside the working space of the turbine rotor.

Fig. no. 15 illustrates the rotation of the blades by an additional 30 ° of operation, with one blade at the beginning of the working space, two in the turbine rotor working space, one blade at the end of the working space - at a dead point and two outside the turbine rotor working space.

Fig. no. 16 illustrates the rotation of the blades by an additional 30 ° of operation, wherein three blades are in the working space of the turbine rotor and three blades are in the non-working space of the turbine rotor.

Fig. no. 19-21 depicts the workflow and rotation of the blades by 18 ° and 36 ° flow blades with five blades on five connecting rods, with four stops, where the stops rotate through the forced transmission faster by 72 ° during one revolution, thereby expanding the working turbine space, wherein three blades are in the turbine rotor working space and two are in the turbine rotor non-working space.

Fig. no. 22 illustrates the rotation of the blades by an additional 18 ° of operation, with two blades in the working space of the turbine rotor, one blade at the end of the working space - at a dead point, and two in the non-working space of the turbine rotor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The flow turbine with rotating blades is original in its construction in that it comprises on at least one fixed stand - stator i at least one rotating element - rotor 3 with a rotary attachment 1.1 on stator I, consisting of at least one rotating shaft 3.3. with at least two rod-shaped elements 3.1, comprising at least two rotatable vanes 4.1 preferably shaped, rotating about these elements 3.1 in a defined space 9.1. 9.2. Turbines supported by at least one stop 3.2. but also in processes typical of turbine operation.

The flow turbine with rotating blades operates on the principle of at least two rotating blades 4.1, preferably shaped, fixed by rotatable mounting around at least two bars 3.1, located at the outer periphery of the rotor 3, supported by at least one stop 3.2. positioned towards the center of the rotor 3, with the possibility of being attached to at least one edge element of the rotor 3 of rotational shape, or preferably joining two edge elements of the rotor 3 which rotate and maintain a partial structural and functional contact which is continuous. The rotational axis of the rotor 3 is preferably identical to that of the stator I and the flow turbine rotor 3 with at least two rotatable blades 4,1 preferably shaped is rotatably mounted on the stator I and a plot such as converting the kinetic energy of the flowing fluid 2 into rotary movement of the machine shaft 3.3. is performed by a sequence of constructional and related parametric and functional processes characteristic of turbine operation.

The axes of rotation of the at least two blades 4.1, preferably shaped, are identical to the at least two bars 3.1 and are preferably parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor 3. The rotor 3 continuously defines the volume of the space 9.1. 9.2 turbines rotating preferred shape. The at least two rotatable vanes 4.1 are preferably shaped to provide rotation and are greatly important for converting the kinetic and / or pressure energy of the flowing fluid into rotational movement of at least one rotary output - shaft 3.3 of the drive transmission machine from the driven system. The gearing 6 can be used to generate electricity through the generator 7. The stator 1 is fixedly connected to the device 5 either anchored against the moving fluid 2 (on a floating pontoon 5.1, floating in the fluid 2 or anchored at the bottom 8 of the flow) or 5 moves against the standing fluid 2.

Rotation of the flow turbine with rotating blades is ensured by the flow of fluid 2 individually to at least two blades 4.1, preferably shaped, in the working space 9.1 of the turbine rotor 3. The blades 4.1, preferably shaped, are individually supported by at least one stop 3.2 in the starting position by rotation of the turbine and fluid flow 2, and in about 180 ° rotation of the turbine rotor 3 in the working space 9.1 the kinetic and / or pressure energy of the fluid 2 is converted into rotational motion rotor 3 and rotation of the turbine and its shaft 33 is ensured.

The flow in the flow turbine with reversible blades is effected when the fluid flow 2 primarily impinges on at least one rotating vane 4.1 supported by at least one stop 3.2 at the entrance to the working space 9.1, bypasses it and exits the working space 9.1. In a multi-bladed flow turbine, the fluid flow turbulence 2 is secondary to the other blades 44 upstream, leaving the working space 94 of the rotor 3 in the direction of rotation and flow, at the end of the working space 94 of the rotor 3. preferably shaped, individually supported by at least one stop 3.2 and these, in combination with the direction of the flowing fluid 2, its turbulence, the centrifugal forces of the rotating turbine and the effect of the hydrodynamic shape of the blade 44 with minimal resistance rotating the rotor 3 move about 180 ° of the rotor 3 to the starting position and thus create minimal turbulence, where they are again individually supported by at least one stop 3.2. The location of the rods 34 and the axes of rotation of the at least two blades 44, preferably formed, at the outer periphery of the rotor 3 and the at least one stop 3.2 positioned towards the center of the rotor 3 allows the blades 4.1 to rotate in the non-working space 9.2 of the rotor 3 and thereby rotate the rotor 3 in the fluid 2. The working space 94 can be enlarged e.g. by adjusting the rotation speed of the stops 3.2 when e.g. during one revolution of the rotor 3, the stops 3.2 rotate faster by a preferred angle, whereby each of at least two blades 44 are preferably shaped, individually supported earlier on the stops 3.2 and tilted later, thereby increasing the efficiency angle of the working space 94 of the turbine rotor 3. Increasing the fluid flow velocity 2 can also be achieved by delimiting elements 5.2 of suitable hydrodynamic shapes located parallel to the axis of rotation of the turbine blades 44 and / or a breaker 3.4 disposed around the central shaft 33 and / or a feed and discharge tunnel 3.5 of suitable shape. Alternatively, the rotor 3 can be attached to the side structure of the stator 1 and the latter to the floating pontoons 5.

Industrial usability

Turbine flow turbines are expected to be used where low-speed turbines are starting to be used today, especially in the use of rivers and streams, tidal underwater currents, but also permanent underwater currents such as floating submerged, floating in the liquid, or located at the bottom of flows that are not used to this day and there is a great hydroenergy potential. Turbine flow turbine uses large blade area, low resistance, simple construction, low investment costs, almost unlimited operation, ranks among renewable energy sources where there is no ecological disturbance in the form of imbalance between renewal and consumption, ie the ability to connect and combine a plurality of turbines into large assemblies as described in the Summary of the Invention and the claims.

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS A rotary bladed flow turbine, characterized in that it comprises a stator (1) in which a structurally functionally synchronized combination of at least one rotatably mounted rotor (3) against the stator (1) with at least two rods (34) is arranged. , mounted perpendicular to the rotor (3), with at least two rotatable vanes (4.1), forming a complete working assembly, wherein the rotor (3) comprises a rotary shaft (3.3) with an axis identical to the axis of rotation of the rotor (3) (6), then the axis of rotation of the rotor (3) and the axis of the stator (1) are identical, the rotary shaft (3.3) of the rotor (3) is rotatable about the central rod of the stator (1) with the rotary mounting (14) and then the rotor (3) comprises an edge element, preferably two edge elements of rotary shape, on at least two rods (3.1) mounted on at least one edge element on the outer periphery of the rotor (3), on which at least two rotatable vanes (4.1) are located, where a at least two rotatable blades (4.1) are rotatably mounted on the rods (34), the rotor peripheral elements (3) of a suitable hydrodynamic rotational shape facing the fluid flow (2) and replacing the sides of the blades (4.1) to increase turbine efficiency, each a rotatable vane (44) mounted rotatably on the rod (3.1), at the outer periphery of the rotor (3), is supported in the turbine working space (9.1) by at least one stop (3.2) positioned towards the center of the rotor (3). Rotary bladed flow turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine is mounted on a fixed device (5), immersed in the fluid (2) or floats in the fluid flow (2) or is mounted on the bottom (8) of the flow or moving against the fluid (2). A rotary bladed flow turbine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rotatable blades (4.1) are in the longitudinal direction, i. j. axially shaped and cross-sectioned to increase turbine efficiency. Rotary bladed flow turbine according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a spreader (3.4) is arranged around the rotary shaft (3.3) to increase the flow rate of the fluid (2) through the space (9.1), (9.2) of the turbine. Rotary bladed flow turbine according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is mounted in the supply tunnel and / or the discharge tunnel (3.5) for increasing the flow rate of the fluid (2) through the turbine space (9.1), (9.2). A rotating bladed flow turbine according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises defining elements (5.2) of hydrodynamic shapes which can be identical to the pontoons (5.1). Rotary bladed flow turbine according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the shaft (3.3) of the rotor (3) is connected to a transmission system (6) with a shaft (6.1) and is connected to a generator (7). Rotary bladed flow turbine according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is anchored on a floating device below the surface of rivers and seas with fluid jets (2) or floating in the flow of the fluid jets (2) or located on the bottom (8) rivers and seas with underwater fluid streams (2) and / or with tidal streams of fluid (2), or in part of a transverse profile of a river or underwater stream situated in a grid perpendicular to the fluid flow (2). Rotary bladed flow turbine according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that one basic turbine working set has a peripheral element rotor (3) and a stator (1), preferably other rotors (3), wherein the location of the rotors (3) is from vertical to horizontal and creates a variety of variants. Rotating bladed flow turbine according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that one basic turbine working set has one rotor (3), preferably other rotors (3), wherein the rotors (3) can be synchronously interconnected with other rotors (3). 3) into assemblies, all of these rotor assemblies (3) can be advantageously used as power assemblies. Rotary bladed flow turbine according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the rotor (3) can alternatively be attached to a side stator (1) and one to floating pontoons (5).