Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D3/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
  • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
  • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
  • F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
  • F03B17/065—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having a cyclic movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D3/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D3/06—Rotors
  • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
  • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
  • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

• the present invention relates to slowly revolving flow-through turbines and is focused on conceptual change in turbine design and ensuring and realizing events in turbine operation.
• Turbines are rotary devices, which transforms kinetic, thermal and pressure energy of flowing liquid to rotary motion of machine's shaft. Transformation of energy takes place is blade grid, composing of blades on one or several rotating rotors. Flow of liquid through or among blades induces force effect on them and this initiates rotation of the rotor. Then rotary motion of the rotor is used by means of gearing (e.g. for driving a generator, which transforms rotary motion to electric current).
• turbines are divided into hydraulic (water turbines are best known), gas, steam and wind one. Utilization of water turbines for electric energy production belongs among renewable sources of energy.
• Fast-revolving turbines are distinguished by flow-rate and fall height: Kaplan (small height, high flow-rate), Francis (medium height as well as flow-rate), Pelton (high height, small flow-rate).
• Kaplan turbine has axial arrangement of blades, water is fed from small height perpendicularly to them, but under high flow-rate, blades are revolving.
• Francis turbine is based on Foumeyron turbine, has radially arranged revolving rounded blades, uses medium height of water feeding and medium flow- rate.
• Pelton turbine has also radially arranged rounded blades, uses high fall height and small flow-rate.
• Banki-Ossberger turbine has tangentially/radially arranged rounded blades, uses small fall height and small water volume.
• Pelton, Francis, Kaplan as well as Banki-Ossberger turbines are realized in hydro power plants and require construction of dams.
• Investment costs for construction of dams, turbines, regulators and generators are relatively high.
• Share of investment costs for turbines and generators to total costs is approx. 50% in case of small hydro power plants, and in case of big facilities, it ranges between 10 - 20%.
• Efficiency of hydro power plant turbines is 80 - 95%, depending on construction, life-time of turbines ranges around 50 years, but also older turbines are in operation.
• Hydro power plants are bound to bigger water dams, construction whereof requires in most cases interventions into surrounding landscape, while its character is also changed, what is often inconvenient from environment perspective.
• Turbines for tidal hydro power plants and sea and river currents are starting to be experimentally applied in the present time.
• Fast-revolving, but also slow-revolving turbines can be used, according to conditions, for tidal hydro power plants with dam body and feeding directed flow of liquid.
• Slow-revolving turbines with the shape of multi-blade axial propeller can be used for sea and river currents as well as tides.
• Turbine with the shape of multi-blade axial propeller with free centre, attached along its perimeter, where also gearing is realized, placed into liquid current is another variant of turbine. Dimensions of these axial turbines are in the order of meter to tens of meters.
• tidal turbines include the fact they can achieve relatively high power outputs, does not have relatively significant negative impact on the environment, does not occupy place on land, have predictable working cycle, are not dependent on weather. Their disadvantages include efficiency of only 60-70%, power output depends on tide height, they do not work continuously - they operate in the tidal cycle, being 12 hours and 35 minutes, amounting to only approx. 2,000 hours per year, they have complicated placement on sea bed and difficult maintenance, they can be placed in the sea only to certain depth, they can cause traffic collision with sea vessels, submarines, they can limit fishing, or are placed in bays with high tide and include building dam body with huge volume and narrow sluice gate in the dam body, investment costs are high and lifetime is approx.
• Advantages of power plant for sea currents compared to tidal turbines include the fact they can operate continuously in relatively homogenous regime. From the perspective of economy and according to low density of sea currents energy, hydro power plants for sea currents are realized by constructions known in the present time as the least advantageous and therefore, they are not used. Advantages of power plants for river currents include that fact that they can operate continuously in relatively homogenous regime and belong among renewable energy sources. From the perspective of economy, constructions known in the present time for utilization of river currents as hydro power plants appear to be also less advantageous and therefore, they are not used.
• Design of slow-revolving turbines placed in sea tidal currents known till now can be divided into two basic types: with construction of vertical support anchored in solid foundation on the seabed, e.g. protruding above water surface (relatively high costs for construction, foundations of the construction and maintenance), or with construction floating, or hovering in the water (relatively low costs for realization), anchored e.g. on the seabed, or on floating pontoon.
• Cycloid Verdant turbine as well as S-turbine of F. Sundermann or Neo- Aerodynamic turbine, but also last described type of turbine from the first group, in the shape of multi-blade propeller with free centre, attached along its perimeter and SDM turbine can be included in the second design group.
• Cycloid Verdant turbine composes of rotor and blades attached perpendicularly to it, which swivel during turbine rotation by means of forced gearing, with the aim of increasing effective area of contact with fluid stream.
• S-turbine of F. Sundermann of Sundermann Water Power company has four arms, there are swivelling blades on their ends, with similarly designed forced gearing as in case of cycloid turbine with the aim of increasing effective area of blades contact with the direction of water flow.
• Axial turbine of F. Sundermann is designed as the turbine in the shape of multi-blade propeller, attached and geared along its perimeter.
• Turbines of Sundermann Water Power company are using feeding as well as outflow tunnel, whereby it directs water current and increase its velocity.
• Neo-Aerodynamic turbine has segmented folding blades with aerodynamic profile. However, its utilization appears to be more perspective for generating energy from wind.
• Verdant, S-turbine of F. Sundermann and Neo- Aerodynamic turbines are directed during rotation by forced gearing, what primarily takes energy obtained from water current. Further, forced turning of blades appears to be theoretically as advantageous compared to linear direction of flowing water, however, on reality, by the effect of reaction of primary impact of water and its flowing around blades and possibly also stream baffle, actually strong turbulences - water whirls are created, which hits turning directed blades in various directions - forced blades gearing - whereby turbine rotation is retarded and obtained kinetic energy of water is reduced.
• SDM turbine is similar to water wheel with bottom raceway, however, it requires modification of stream or building water construction with the difference of water surface height, relatively massive firm bearing construction, with diameter of the wheel around 5 m.
• Flow-through turbine with turning blades solves mentioned problems in particular by that it contains at least one rotary element, placed on at least one fixed stand - stator, and the rotary element composes of at least one rotating shaft, which is connected with at least two elements - rods, which contains of at least two revolving blades, advantageously shaped, turning around these rods in delimited space, leaning against at least one element - stopper, with possibility of placing on at least one border element of rotary advantageous shape, but also by means of transfer of kinetic and/or thermal and/or pressure energy of flowing fluid by rotation of at least two blades to rotating motion of machine's shaft, where these events occur in non-sealed rotary space of the turbine.
• Flow-through turbine with turning blades connects advantages of slow-revolving flow-through blade turbine and turbine submerged in fluid, where there is no boundary of two fluids of different consistence (e.g. fluid and air) on blades at transformation of kinetic and/or thermal and/or pressure energy to rotary energy.
• the rotor of flow-through turbine with turning blades is placed on stator in rotary manner and the action, as the transformation of kinetic and/or thermal and/or pressure energy to rotary motion of machine's shaft takes place by sequence of constructional processes and parametrical and functional processes relating with them, typical for activity of turbine.
• flow-through turbine with turning blades Following description of flow-through turbine with turning blades is focused on the turbine initiated by transformation of kinetic and/or pressure energy to rotary energy, while the flow-through turbine with turning blades initiates also transformation of thermal energy to rotary energy.
• the turbine is anchored in flowing fluid and the rotor continuously delimits volume of non-sealed working space of rotary advantageous shape.
• At least two turning blades advantageously shaped, placed on outside perimeter of the rotor, lean during rotation and actions typical for transformation of kinetic or pressure energy of flowing fluid to rotary motion of the machine's shaft advantageously against at least one stopper placed towards the centre of rotation, which advantageously delimits turning of blades so that they ensure rotary motion of the rotor in the flowing liquid, which contains rotation output - shaft, for transfer of the drive from driven system and thereby rotary motion of the rotor can be used, by means of gearing, for driving generator, which transforms rotary motion to electric current.
• Rotary contact of rotor and stator occurs during rotation.
• the stator is firmly connected with the device, either anchored against moving fluid (on floating pontoon, hovering in the fluid, anchored on the bed, etc.) or this device is moving against the fluid.
• rods and turning axes of at least two blades advantageously shaped (advantageously another blades) at outside perimeter of the rotor and at least one stopper placed towards the centre of the rotor enables suitable direction of the blades by turning around their axes in non-working space of the rotor and thereby also rotation of the rotor in the fluid.
• the possibility of delimited turning of the blades and manner of their turning around their own axes of the flow-through turbine with turning blades solves in original manner return phase of the turbine with small resistance of the blades in non-working space of the rotor.
• Rotation of the flow-through turbine with turning blades is ensured by flow of the fluid, pressure on blades and flow of the fluid around the blades in non-sealed space of the turbine in working space of the rotor. At least one blade leans in starting position against at least one stopper, by rotation of the turbine and flow of the liquid, and according to design of the turbine, it ensures rotation of the turbine in approx. 180° working space of the rotor.
• blades are moving, by effect of combination of the fluid flow, its turbulences, effects of hydrodynamic shape of blade wing and effect of centrifugal rotary forces of rotating rotor with minimum resistance by rotation of the turbine by approx. 180°, in the non-working space of the rotor into starting position of individual blades and they create minimum turbulences in such manner, where they lean individually against at least one stopper.
• Orientation of individual blades in the non-working space of the rotor against direction of the fluid flow depends on the velocity of fluid flow and rotation of the turbine. Orientation of the blades during this phase is combination of copying perimeter of the rotor, eccentric turning of blades from rotary space of the turbine, crosswise shape of blades, their advantageous shaping, as well as the effect of fluid flow before leaning of individual blades against at least one stopper, where also transformation of kinetic energy to rotary motion of the turbine is taking place. Shape of rounded blades resembles in cross section the shape of wing, and underpressure is occurring by effect of the fluid flow on the "longer" side of the blade.
• stopper's rotation speed when during one revolution of the turbine, e.g. stopper turns quicker by advantageous angle, whereby blade leans against the stopper earlier and tilts later, in such manner, angle of efficiency and working space of the turbine's rotor increases.
• stopper turns quicker by advantageous angle, whereby blade leans against the stopper earlier and tilts later, in such manner, angle of efficiency and working space of the turbine's rotor increases.
• the fluid is without turbulences and flowing effect on the blade is higher. Turbulences of the fluid in the space of flow-through turbine with turning blades initiates also pressure of the fluid on tilting blade when leaving rotor's space, thus also on the turbine's rotation.
• the flow-through turbine with turning blades works without the need of constructing costly facilities for feeding directed fluid flow, its effective utilization is assumed at fluid flow already under 2 m.s " , it requires simple mounting on the device enabling to keep the turbine in flowing fluid or the device is moving against the fluid, as well as in connection with generator, in dependence on its size, it can be portable and can be simply placed in the flowing fluid.
• efficiency of the turbines is decreased by several factors, including: losses by friction of rotating elements, then losses from whirling flow of the water - turbulences as well as filling and emptying is not taking place in vertex point. It is assumed that according to nature of the design of the flow-through turbine with turning blades, losses from second and third factor are lower compared to ordinary turbines, however, the resistance of rotating turbine in the fluid is added.
• the basic feature of the present invention of the flow-through turbine with turning blades is that the fluid flows through the turbine and the transfer of the kinetic energy to the turbine's blades takes places continuously during its flowing through the space of the turbine.
• turbine has very simple design, it is simple also for calculation and manufacturing can be easily realized also amateur conditions, it does not require use of special materials, according to permanent position in the fluid with minimum anticorrosion features of corrosive materials, it can be used in currents of seas and in river streams, where it is not possible and/or necessary to build storage water dams, it can be used in streams already from relatively small velocity of flowing fluid, this leads to the smaller stress of elements of the flow- through turbine with turning blades and decrease of costs for repair and maintenance, output of flow-through turbine with turning blades depends on the size, number and arrangement of blades and velocity of the stream, i.e.
• the turbine does not require financially demanding construction of the installation with anchoring against flowing fluid, or moving device against still fluid, the turbine is not tending to cavitation according to small velocity of fluid flow, it is little sensitive to dirt, protective grid can be installed against big floating dirt, in case of turbine placed under fluid surface, bearings of gearing are placed outside of the fluid, the shaft need not to be sealed, in case of turbines hovering in the fluid and placed on the beds of rivers and seas, shafts and generators should be sealed, in case of placing delimiting elements of suitable hydrodynamic shapes placed parallelly with the turning axis of the turbine's blades, flow of the fluid through the turbine's space is increased, construction of the turbine does not interrupt continuity of fluid current, it does not create impacts between the fluid and the turbine's body or its elements at entry to the turbine's space and at leaving the turbine's space, what decreases the effect of turbulent currents of the fluid, direction of turbine's rotation is the same in whole extent of fluid current direction of 360°
• flow-through turbine with turning blades has advantages compared to common turbines: simpler design of the turbine, low costs for manufacturing and operation of the turbine, high reliability and failure-free operation and its safety, small energetic demandingness of the whole process, possibility of placing turbines from horizontal to vertical direction and their mutual combinations, turbines achieve relatively high efficiency, when placed in sea currents and streams of rivers, they work from time to time to continuously, not in cyclical regimes, they achieve relatively high outputs and according to stability of fluid flow velocity, also even revolutions and outputs, they do not damage the environment, they are neither visible, nor audible, they do not occupy space on land, they can be utilized on streams from the size of brooks or small rivers with sufficient flow rate, depth, and expected velocity of the stream under 2 m/s, the flow-through turbine with turning blades can utilize energy of flowing fluid several times successively on long distance of water stream or sea current, its utilization depends neither on change of water surface height, nor on flood conditions on rivers (except for critically low surface), nor storm situation on seas, placing of the flow
• the rotor, together with the stator of the flow-through turbine with turning blades, can be used also in other rotary suitable shapes.
• Number, shape, placing as well as arrangement of individual blades in the turbine's working space, as well as possibility of horizontal and vertical placing of turbines, their mutual combinations, create a number of variants dependant on individual conditions of utilization.
• Figures No. 1 - 4 shows, in cross-section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course in the extent of approx. 143° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades, advantageously shaped in longitudinal direction, with two blades on two connecting rods, with one stopper, identical with the shaft, with indicated turbulences of the fluid, while the Figure No. 1 is continuation of the action and the principle of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing liquid transformation to rotary motion of the shaft is explained here.
• Figures No. 5 - 8 shows, in cross-section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course in the extent of 54° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with five blades on five connecting rods - and with five stoppers, with indicated turbulences of the fluid, while the Figure No. 1 is continuation of the action and the principle of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing liquid transformation to rotary motion of the shaft is explained here.
• Figures No. 9 - 12 shows, in cross-section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course in the extent of 90° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with three blades on three connecting rods, with three stoppers, central baffle and feeding and outflow tunnel, while the Figure No. 1 is continuation of the action and the principle of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing liquid transformation to rotary motion of the shaft is explained here.
• Figures No. 13 - 16 shows, in cross-section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course in the extent of 90° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with six turning blades advantageously placed against each other on six connecting rods and with six stoppers, three blades with stoppers are placed on the outside perimeter, three blades with stoppers are placed closer to the centre of the turbine, while the Figure No. 1 is continuation of the action and the principle of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing liquid transformation to rotary motion of the shaft is explained here.
• the Figure No. 17 shows, in cross section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course conditions according to the Figure No. 1 , of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with three blades on three connecting rods, with one stopper - shaft with protrusions.
• the Figure No. 18 shows, in cross section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course conditions according to the Figure No. 1 , of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with seven blades on seven connecting rods, with seven stoppers.
• Figures No. 19 - 22 shows, in cross-section of vertically placed rotor of the turbine with the view to border element of rotary advantageous shape, working course in the extent of 54° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with five blades on five connecting rods and with four stoppers, where stoppers rotate through forced gearing faster during one revolution by one blade forward, with indicated turbulences of the fluid, while the Figure No. 1 is continuation of the action and the principle of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing liquid transformation to rotary motion of the shaft is explained here.
• the Figure No. 23 shows, in side view to the turbine's rotor with two border elements of rotary advantageous shape and bearing construction - pontoon, the flow-through turbine with turning blades in vertical position, with delimiting elements identical with pontoons, of suitable hydrodynamic shapes placed parallelly with the turbine's blades turning axis.
• the Figure No. 24 shows, in side view to the turbine's rotor with two border elements of rotary advantageous shape and bearing construction - pontoon, the flow-through turbine with turning blades in horizontal position, with delimiting elements of suitable hydrodynamic shapes placed parallelly with the turbine's blades turning axis.
• FIG. 25 shows flow-through turbines with turning blades in axonometry, placed in vertical position on bearing construction: floating pontoon and fixed bearing construction on the stream bed, where delimiting elements are not illustrated, due to clearness of the drawing.
• FIG. 26 shows flow-through turbines with turning blades in axonometry, placed in horizontal position on bearing construction: floating pontoon and fixed bearing construction on the stream bed, where delimiting elements are not illustrated, due to clearness of the drawing.
• the Figure No. 27 shows flow-through turbines with turning blades in axonometry, placed in vertical position on fixed bearing construction, transverse to the stream current, on the stream bed.
• the Figure No. 28 shows, in side view to the turbine's rotor with two border elements of rotary advantageous shape and bearing construction - pontoon, the flow-through turbine with turning blades in vertical position, with delimiting elements identical with pontoons, of suitable hydrodynamic shapes placed parallelly with the turbine's blades turning axis, with alternative of rotor attachment to side stator and that to floating pontoons.
• the Figure No. 1 shows working course of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with two blades, advantageously shaped in longitudinal direction, on two connecting rods and with one stopper - shaft, while one blade is on the beginning of the working space, second one on the end of working space - in the dead point and starts to turn into non-working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 2 shows turn of the blades by approx. 53° of the working course, while one blade is in working space of the turbine's rotor and second one is in non- working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 3 shows turn of the blades by another 45° of the working course, while one blade is in working space of the turbine's rotor and second one is in non- working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 4 shows turn of the blades by another 45° of the working course, while one blade is in working space of the turbine's rotor and second one is in non- working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 5 shows working course of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with five blades on five connecting rods, with five stoppers, while one blade is on the beginning of working space, two other are in the working space of the turbine's rotor and two other are outside of the working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 6 shows turn of the blades by 18° of the working course, while three blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and two other are in non- working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 7 shows turn of the blades by another 18° of the working course, while two blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor, one blade is on the end of working space - in the dead point and two other are in non-working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 8 shows turn of the blades by another 18° of the working course, while two blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and three other are outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 9 shows working course of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with three blades on three connecting rods, with three stoppers, central baffle and feeding and outflow tunnel, while one blade is on the beginning of working space, another one is in the working space of the turbine's rotor and one is outside of the working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 10 shows turn of the blades by 30° of the working course, while two blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and one is outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 11 shows turn of the blades by another 30° of the working course, while one blade is in working space of the turbine's rotor, one blade is on the end of working space of the rotor - in the dead point and one blade is outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 12 shows turn of the blades by another 30° of the working course, while one blade is in working space of the turbine's rotor and two blades are outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 13 shows working course of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with six turning blades advantageously placed against each other on six connecting rods, and with six stoppers, three blades with stoppers are placed on the outside perimeter, three blades with stoppers are placed closer to the centre, while one blade is on the beginning of the working space of the turbine's rotor, two blades are in the working space, one blade is on the end of working space - in the dead point and two blades are outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 14 shows turn of the blades by 30° of the working course, while three blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and three blades are outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 15 shows turn of the blades by another 30° of the working course, while one blade is on the beginning of working space of the turbine's rotor, two blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor, one blade is on the end of working space - in the dead point and two other are outside of working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 16 shows turn of the blades by another 30° of the working course, while three blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and three blades are in non-working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figures No. 19 - 21 shows working course and turn of the blades by 18° and 36° of the flow-through turbine with turning blades with five blades on five connecting rods, with four stoppers, where stoppers rotate through forced gearing faster by 72° during one revolution, whereby the working space of the turbine is extended, while three blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor and two blades are in the non-working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the Figure No. 22 shows turn of the blades by another 18° of the working course, while two blades are in working space of the turbine's rotor, one blade is on the end of working space - in the dead point and two other are in non-working space of the turbine's rotor.
• the flow-through turbine with turning blades is original by its design in that it contains at least on rotary element - rotor 3 placed on at least one fixed stand - stator 1,' with rotary mounting ⁇ ⁇ on the stator 1, comprising of at least one rotating shaft 3,3, with at least two elements - rods 3J., which contains at least two turning blades 4J. advantageously shaped, turning around these elements 3J. in delimited space 9J., 9 ⁇ 2 of the turbine leaning against at least one stopper 3 ⁇ 2, as well as in the processes characteristic for operation of the turbine.
• the flow-through turbine with turning blades works on the principle of at least two turning blades 4J. advantageously shaped, attached by swivelling attachment around at least two rods 3J_, placed near outside perimeter of the rotor 3, leaning against at least one stopper 32, placed towards the centre of the rotor 3 with possibility of attaching on at least one border element of the rotor 3 of the rotary shape, or advantageously connecting two border elements of the rotor 3, which rotate and keep partial constructional and functional touch, which is running.
• the rotary axis of the rotor 3 is advantageously identical with the axis of the stator I and the rotor 3 of the flow-through turbine with at least two turning blades 4J_ advantageously shaped, is placed on stator 1 in rotary manner and the action, as transformation of kinetic energy of flowing fluid 2 to rotary motion of the shaft 3 ⁇ 3 of the machine takes place by sequence of construction processes and parametric and functional processes connected with them typical for action of the turbine.
• Turning axes of at least two blades 4J. advantageously shaped are identical with at least two rods 3J. and are advantageously parallels with the turning axis of the rotor 3.
• the rotor 3 continuously delimits volume of the space 9J., 2 of the turbine of rotary advantageous shape.
• At least two turning blades 4J advantageously shaped, ensure rotation and actions typical for transformation of kinetic and/or pressure energy of flowing fluid to rotary motion of at least one rotary output - shaft 3 of the machine for transfer of the drive from driven system, and thereby rotary motion of the rotor 3 can be used, by means of gearing 6, for generation of electric energy through generator 7.
• the stator 1 is firmly connected with the device 5, either anchored against moving fluid 2 (on floating pontoon 5J_, hovering in the fluid 2 or anchored on the bed 8 of the stream) or this device 5 is moving against still fluid 2.
• Rotation of the flow-through turbine with turning blades is ensured by flow of the fluid 2, individually on at least two blades 4J .
• Blades 4J_ advantageously shaped, individually lean against at least one stopper 3,2 in the starting position by rotation of the turbine and flow of the fluid 2 and in approx. 180° rotation of the turbine's rotor 3 in the working space 9J_, kinetic and/or pressure energy of the fluid 2 is transformed to rotary motion of the rotor 3 is taking place and rotation of the turbine and its shaft 33 is ensured.
• the flow in the flow-through turbine with turning blades takes place when the current of the fluid 2 primarily hits at least one turning blade 4J., leaned against at least one stopper 32 at entry into working space 9 _, flows around it and leaves the working space 9J..
• turbulences of the fluid current 2 secondarily hits other blades 4J. before it, in the direction of rotation and the current leaves the working space 9J. of the rotor 3.
• Direction of the fluid current 2 and its turbulences on the end of working cycle 9J_ of the rotor 3 in the dead point tilts individual blades 4J. advantageously shaped, individually leaned against at least one stopper 32 and these moves approx.
• Working space 9J_ can be enlarged, e.g. by modification of stoppers' 32 rotation speed, when during one revolution of the rotor 3, stoppers 32 turns quicker by advantageous angle, whereby individually at least two blades 4J., advantageously shaped, individually lean against the stoppers 32 earlier and tilts later, whereby the angle of working space 9J_ efficiency of the turbine's rotor 3 increases.
• Increase of the fluid 2 flow velocity can be achieved also by delimiting elements 5 of advantageous hydrodynamic shapes placed parallely with the turning axis of the blades 4J. of the turbine, and/or baffle 3 ⁇ 4 placed around the central shaft 3J3 and/or feeding and outflow tunnel 3J5 of suitable shape.
• Rotor (3) can be alternatively attached to side construction of the stator (1 ) and that to floating pontoons (5).
• the flow-through turbine with turning blades has assumptions of utilizing where slowly running turbines starts to be used nowadays, mainly in the field of utilization on streams of rivers and brooks, in tidal undersea currents of seas, but also in permanent undersea currents, as floating, submerged, hovering in fluid, or placed on the bed of streams, which are not utilized till the time being and there is big hydro-energetic potential.
• the flow-through turbine with turning blades uses big area of blades, small resistance, simple design, low investment costs, almost time unlimited operation, it is included among renewable energy sources, where ecological failure in the form of unbalance between renewing of the source and energy taking does not threaten, meaning the possibility to connect and combine big number of turbines into big arrays according to the description in the Disclosure of the Invention and the Patent Claims.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
• Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
• Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-09-03 SK SK5058-2009A patent/SK287751B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2010
  • 2010-09-02 EP EP10766131A patent/EP2473732A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-09-02 WO PCT/SK2010/000004 patent/WO2011028187A2/en active Application Filing

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